In medical contexts, a facies is a distinctive facial expression or appearance associated with a specific medical condition. The term comes from the Latin for "face".[1] As a fifth declension noun,[2] facies can be both singular and plural.
| Facies | |
|---|---|
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| Facial abnormalities associated with Crouzon syndrome | |
| Specialty | Medical genetics |
Types
Examples include:
- Hippocratic face (also known as "Hippocratic facies"; eyes are sunken, temples collapsed, nose is pinched with crusts on the lips, and the forehead is clammy)
- Moon face (also known as "Cushingoid facies") – Cushing's syndrome
- Elfin facies – Williams syndrome
- Potter facies – oligohydramnios
- Mask like facies – parkinsonism
- Leonine facies – lepromatous leprosy or craniometaphyseal dysplasia[3]
- Mitral facies – mitral stenosis
- Amiodarone facies (deep blue discoloration around malar area and nose)
- Acromegalic facies – acromegaly
- Flat facies – Down syndrome
- Marfanoid facies – Marfan's syndrome
- Snarling facies – myasthenia gravis
- Myotonic facies – myotonic dystrophy
- Torpid facies – myxoedema
- Mouse facies – chronic kidney failure
- Plethoric facies – Cushing's syndrome and polycythemia vera
- Bird facies – Pierre Robin sequence
- Ashen grey facies – myocardial infarction
- Gargoyle facies – Hurler's syndrome
- Monkey facies – marasmus
- Hatchet facies – myotonia atrophica
- Gorilla-like face – acromegaly
- Bovine facies or cow face – craniofacial dysostosis or crouzon syndrome
- Marshall halls facies – hydrocephalus
- Frog face – intranasal disease
- Coarse facies – many inborn errors of metabolism
- Adenoid facies – developmental facial traits caused by adenoid hypertrophy, nasal airway obstruction and mouthbreathing; really a form of long face syndrome.
- Lion-like facies – involvement of craniofacial bones in Paget disease of Bone
- Chipmunk facies – beta thalassemia