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User:Aditya Kabir/History of South Asia

American historian John McLeod

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Tables

More on the way. This is fun.

Country Unnatural death Drug use
Intentional homicide victims per 100,000 (2018)[1][2] Suicide rate per 100,000 (2016)[3] (global rank) Road fatalities per 100,000[4][5] (year) Annual prevalence of Cannabis (percent, 2011)[6] Annual alcohol consumption per capita (litres, 2010)[7]
  Afghanistan 6.66 6.4 (125) 15.5 (2013) 4.3 0.7
  Bangladesh 2.37 6.1 (130) 13.6 (2013) 3.3 0.2
  Bhutan 1.19 11.6 (53) 15.1 (2013) - 0.7
  India 3.08 16.5 (19) 22.6 (2018) 3.2 4.3
  Maldives 0.75 2.7 (173) 3.5 (2013) 0.5 1.2
    Nepal 2.16 9.6 (81) 17.0 (2013) 3.2 2.2
  Pakistan 3.88 3.1 (169) 14.2 (2013) 3.9 0.1
  Sri Lanka 2.42 14.2 (31) 17.4 (2013) 1.5 3.7
South Asia - - - -

Afghanistan

Sundarbans

Subcontinent

Sulcus

The Dictionary of Fashion History

Movies

Islam

Gouache over a coloured engraving Mughal School 18th century Presented by Miss Edith Price A group probably of Portuguese , on a balcony overlooking a river with a river party and a crocodile , painted for Europeans , the scene is an amusing commentary on the ceremonious discomfort of colonial life - tables with legs too narrow for European knees built specially to fit the high seated imported chairs ; and clothes too heavy for the tropics with a décolletage so daring that the ladies ' ripe Indian breasts appear almost a matter of convenience.[8]

haya, tabarruj, awrah, juyub, khimar, jilbab and mahram (Hajjaji-Jarrah 2003, 186-188; Hamid Abu Zeid 2000)

Bikini

Social impact

Search 1, Search 2, Search 3

Book 1, Book 2, Book 3, Book 4, Book 5, Book 6, Book 7, Book 8, Book 9, Book 10, Book 11

File:Madonna 11, 2012.jpg File:Criolé Show - Samba dancer.jpg

Bangladeshi art

History of Asian art

Past

Scroll painting writing and diagramatic art were part of the Buddhist-tantric tradition of 5000 years, using a variety of base materials such as palm, leaf, bamboo strips, papyrus (processed and seasoned leaves or bark) and cloth.[9]

The best of Bengali folk culture bore fruit between the 13th and 15th centuries.[9]

The Bengal Hindu sculptures were created over a period of 1000 years and it is consequent that religious and iconographic concepts reached heights during the classical high art period.[9]

Terracotta Art is the earliest form of plastic art in which the Bengal artists excelled. Terracotta plaques were known to art historians from the finds at ancient sites like Bangarh and Mahasthan.[10]

The Pala rule in eastern India, which continued for about four hundred years (c 750-1200 AD), saw the first consolidation of Bengal culture. In this period Bengali genius expressed itself in various creative mediums - architecture, sculpture and painting. Since no painting of any earlier periods has been discovered, and since the practice of miniature persisted throughout the Pala period, and continued in a diluted style even after the fall of the dynasty, Pala painting is considered to be virtually synonymous with early Bengal painting.[11]

The reappearance of the practice of using carved bricks in the ornamentation of the architectural monuments dates from the 14th-15th century, in the early Muslim period.[10]

The historical prevalence of Islamic arts in Bangladesh is especially evident in the many mosques, mausoleums, forts, and gateways that have survived from the Mughal period.[12]

The influence of Sultani paintings of Bengal did not, however, totally overshadow the technique of the local painters.[13]

A regeneration of Hindu culture took place in Bengal in the sixteenth century AD due to popularisation of Vaisnava religion through the influence of Sri chaitanya (1486-1533 AD). Collapse of Hindu caste system, practice of devotion to and love for Krsna opened new horizon in spiritual exercise. Most terracotta temples of Bengal were built during the period from late sixteenth through the nineteenth century.[14]

Bangladesh

Painting as an independent art form is a relatively recent phenomenon in Bangladesh. The main figure behind the art movement was Zainul Abedin, who first attracted attention with his sketches of the Bengal famine of 1943. After the partition of Pakistan from India in 1947, he was able to gather around him a school of artists who experimented with various forms, both orthodox and innovative.[12]

On 16 January 1951, an organisation named Dhaka Art Group organised its first exhibition. Till then no permanent art gallery was there in Dhaka. In that exhibition 247 works of 19 painters were displayed. But only zainul abedin and Shafiuddin Ahmed displayed their oil paintings. An art gallery was added when the East Pakistan Arts Council (now the Bangladesh Shilpakala Academy) was established in 1963. It is now known as the Bangladesh Shilpakala Academy Art Gallery. In the 1960s, two art galleries, Art Ensemble (at dhanmondi) and Desh Gallery (at Indira Road) were set up in Dhaka. The Art Ensemble was active till 1973.[15]

Zainul Abedin was the pioneer of painting in Bangladesh in modern time. His series of paintings on the Bengal famine of 1943 brought him India wide fame. These paintings were a spontaneous, sympathetic and bold depiction of a pathetic human tragedy and drew the attention of art lovers abroad. Shafiuddin Ahmed, one of the painters of the forties, was also a pictographist. He earned distinction as a creative artist who believed in achieving excellence in his work.[13]

Qamrul Hassan joined the bratachari movement of Gurusaday Dutta at an early age and this had a durable impact on his whole life. This impact is noticeable in his interest in folk arts, dolls, sculpture and crafts and in their use as a source of inspiration in his own paintings. Qamrul Hassan was immensely inspired by the mass movement of 1969 and the liberation war of 1971 and the social and political impact of these events were amply reflected in his paintings. The entire nation was deeply moved by his war-time poster that said: 'Ei Janoyarder hatya korte habe' (These beasts have to be killed). The post-liberation despair and frustration was also reflected in his works symbolically.[13]

Sheikh Muhammad Sultan, a contemporary of Qamrul Hassan, was an exceptional painter. His exception in his art and artistic thoughts was as distinct as was his lifestyle and conduct. The grotesque muscle-rich human figures in his paintings are seen connected with the soil of the land symbolizing invincibility of human person.[13]

Bengali literature

Dhanshiri River

More

Subcontinent

<ref name="Jona Razzaque 2004"> {{cite book|author=Jona Razzaque|title=Public Interest Environmental Litigation in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7E7al37aYBEC&pg=PA3|year=2004|publisher=Kluwer Law International|isbn=978-90-411-2214-8|pages=3 with footnotes 1 and 2}}</ref>

Jazmin

Law: Daily Star  · MinLaw  · NSWP  · Dhaka Tribune  · page 87 UNDP (download) page 45

References

  1. ^ "UNODC Statistics Online". United Nations Office On Drugs and Crime. Retrieved 12 May 2018.".
  2. ^ "Homicide rate | dataUNODC". dataunodc.un.org. Retrieved 2020-05-17.
  3. ^ "Suicide rates Data by country". World Health Organization. 2016. Retrieved 23 September 2018.
  4. ^ WHO, ed. (2018). Global Status Report on Road Safety 2018 (PDF) (official report). Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO). pp. xiv–xv, 1–13, 91ff (countries), 302–313 (table A2), 392–397 (table A11). ISBN 978-92-4-156568-4. Retrieved 5 May 2019. Tables A2 & A11, data from 2016
  5. ^ WHO, ed. (2015). "WHO Report 2015: Data tables" (PDF) (official report). Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO). Retrieved 26 January 2016.
  6. ^ World Drug Report 2011. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). Cannabis stats are from Chapter 6.1.1.3. Consumption: Annual prevalence of Cannabis, p. 217. "Sources: Annual Reports Questionnaires, Academic Researches, Concise International Chemical Assessment Documents (CICAD), Government Reports, European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD), International Narcotics Control Strategy Reports (INCSR)."
  7. ^ "WHO Global status report on alcohol and health 2014" (PDF). who.int. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-02-14.
  8. ^ J. M. Rogers, Myth and Ceremony in Islamic Painting. Myth, legend and fantasy, page 30, 1984
  9. ^ a b c Parveen Ahmed, Art and Crafts, Banglapedia
  10. ^ a b Saifuddin Chowdhury, Terracotta Art, Banglapedia
  11. ^ Ashok Bhattacharyya, Pala Painting, Banglapedia
  12. ^ a b Bangladesh: The arts, Encyclopædia Britannica
  13. ^ a b c d Abul Mansur, Paintings, Banglapedia
  14. ^ Alak Roy, Terracotta Sculpture and Mural, Banglapedia
  15. ^ Bayazid Aktar, Art Gallery, Banglapedia
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