Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)
Israel and the Lebanese militant group Hezbollah started exchanging fire along the Israel–Lebanon border and in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights on 8 October 2023. Israel also carried out airstrikes throughout Lebanon and in Syria. The clashes were part of the spillover of the Israel–Hamas war and the largest escalation of the Hezbollah–Israel conflict since the 2006 Lebanon War. On 30 September 2024, Israel escalated the conflict into a ground invasion of Lebanon.
| Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–2024) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Hezbollah–Israel conflict, the Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present) and the Iran–Israel conflict during the Syrian civil war | |||||||
 Israel Attested Hezbollah presence in Lebanon Lebanon under Israeli control Syria Golan Heights (Israeli-occupied) Areas ordered evacuated by Israel See here for a more detailed map | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Hezbollah[1] |
 IsraelAllies: | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
Naim Qassem Hassan Nasrallah X Hashem Safieddine X Fuad Shukr X Ibrahim Aqil X Ali Karaki X |
 Benjamin Netanyahu Israel Katz Yoav Gallant[a] Herzi Halevi Ori Gordin Tomer Bar | ||||||
| Units involved | |||||||
|
List of units:
|
List of units:
| ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
|
Lebanon:
Per IDF:
Syria:
|
Israel:
Per Hezbollah:
| ||||||
|
842,000[64] – 1.4 million+ Lebanese displaced[65] 96,000 Israelis displaced[66] 232 Syrian refugees killed by Israeli forces[67] | |||||||
|
| |||||||
On 8 October 2023, Hezbollah started firing guided rockets and artillery shells at Israeli positions in the occupied Shebaa Farms, which it said was in solidarity with Palestinians following the Hamas attack on Israel and beginning of Israeli bombing of the Gaza Strip.[68][69] Israel retaliated by launching drone strikes and artillery shells at Hezbollah positions near Lebanon's boundary with the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights.
In northern Israel, the ongoing conflict has forced approximately 96,000 individuals to leave their homes,[70][66] while in Lebanon, over 1.4 million individuals have been displaced,[71] with Hezbollah saying it would not stop attacks against Israel until it stops its attacks and military operations in Gaza.[72] During the conflict, Israel has launched attacks at a much higher rate than Hezbollah has.[73] Between 21 October 2023 and 20 February 2024, the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) recorded an estimated 7,948 incidents of artillery fire from the south of the Blue Line (from Israel to Lebanon) and 978 incidents of artillery fire from the northern side (from Lebanon to Israel).[74]
There was a significant escalation in September 2024, starting with the Lebanon pager explosions, which targeted Hezbollah and were widely attributed to Israel. Forty-two people were killed and thousands wounded. On 23 September, Israel began an aerial bombing campaign[75] throughout Lebanon, codenamed Operation Northern Arrows,[76] which included assassinations of senior Hezbollah commanders. Israel said its attacks would continue until its citizens could return safely to the north. The first day was the deadliest, with Israeli strikes killing at least 558 people and injuring more than 1,800 including children, women and paramedics.[77] On 27 September, the Israeli Air Force bombed and destroyed Hezbollah's main headquarters in Beirut, killing Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah.[78] On 1 October, the Israeli military began a full-scale invasion of southern Lebanon, also known as the Third Lebanon War by some Israeli sources,[79] although it had been conducting limited ground operations for some time.
Background
Founding of Hezbollah
Hezbollah is a Lebanese Shiite political party and paramilitary group, formed in 1982 by Muslim clerics with Iranian funding to fight the Israeli invasion of Lebanon.[80] After the war, Israel continued to hold borderland buffer zone in southern Lebanon with the aid of proxy militants in the South Lebanon Army (SLA).[81] In 2000, Israel withdrew from South Lebanon to the UN-designated and internationally recognized Blue Line border.[82] Hezbollah quickly took control of the area. It has justified its continued existence, occupation, and attacks on Israel by citing both allegations of Lebanese prisoners in Israel and continued Israeli control of the Shebaa farms region, occupied by Israel from Syria in 1967 but considered by Hezbollah to be part of Lebanon.[83][84]
Elimination of the state of Israel has been a primary goal for Hezbollah from its inception.[85][86][87] Hezbollah opposes the government and policies of the State of Israel.[88][89]
Palestinian factions in Lebanon
Since the 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight, Palestinian refugees have had a presence in southern Lebanon as numerous refugee camps were established, which brought many Palestinian factions into south Lebanon, with it being often used as a center to launch rockets into northern Israel. The Palestine Liberation Organization was based in Lebanon after being expelled from Jordan by King Hussein in July 1971.[90] After they were involved in an insurgency in Southern Lebanon, until they were expelled to Tunis after the 1982 Lebanon War.[91]
UN Security Council Resolution 1701
A ceasefire was reached between Israel and Hezbollah at the end of the 2006 Lebanon War, based on the terms of UN Security Council Resolution 1701 which called for a demilitarized zone between the southern border of Lebanon and the Litani river. The UN Security Council resolution mandated only the Lebanese army and United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) could be armed in southern Lebanon. It also stated that neither side should cross the Blue Line, which marks the border between Lebanon and the Golan Heights, and divides the village of Ghajar between the two.[92][93] Despite this, both Israel and Hezbollah have outstanding obligations under UNSCR 1701.[94][95][96]
Since 2006, Hezbollah fortified southern Lebanon,[97] obstructed UNIFIL's access, built tunnels into Israel, and crossed the Blue Line.[98][99] Israel has also accused Hezbollah of using a local environmental organization as a front for its military activities near the Blue Line.[100][101] After retreating behind the Blue Line in 2000,[102][103] Israel reoccupied the whole of Ghajar in 2006, including the Lebanese part of the village.[104][105] Israel continues to occupy Ghajar and an adjacent area,[96][102] and has repeatedly breached Lebanese airspace, waters, and borders.[106][107][108] UNIFIL reports that Israel entered Lebanese airspace on more than 22,000 occasions between 2007–2021.[109][110]
April and July 2023 skirmishes
On 6 April 2023, in response to the 2023 Al-Aqsa clashes, dozens of rockets were fired from Lebanon into Israel, injuring three Israeli civilians.[111] The Israel Defense Forces said that it intercepted 25 rockets fired from Lebanon,[111] which it said were fired by Palestinian factions Hamas and PIJ with Hezbollah's approval.[112]
The attacks were the largest escalation between the two countries since the 2006 Lebanon War.[112] The United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) described the situation as "extremely serious" and urged restraint.[112]
On 15 July, the IDF fired warning shots and used riot dispersal munitions on 18 people, including journalists and parliamentarians that crossed the border from Lebanon and walked 80 meters into Israeli-occupied territory.[113]
Israel–Hamas war
On 8 October 2023, a day after Hamas launched its 7 October 2023 attacks on Israel and Israel began its bombing of Gaza, Hezbollah joined the conflict in "solidarity with the Palestinians",[114][115] initially firing on Israeli military outposts in Shebaa Farms and the Golan Heights — both territories under Israeli occupation.[114] Since then, Hezbollah and Israel have been involved in cross-border military exchanges that have displaced entire communities in Israel and Lebanon, with significant damage to buildings and land along the border. From 7 October 2023 to 20 September 2024, there were 10,200 cross border attacks, of which Israel launched 8,300.[116] Over 96,000 people in Israel[117] and over 111,000 in Lebanon have been displaced during this period.[118] Israel and Hezbollah have maintained their attacks at a level that causes harm without escalating into a full-scale war.[119]
Hezbollah has stated it will continue attacking Israel until Israel halts its operations in Gaza,[72] where over 40,000 Palestinians have been killed.[120][121] Israel demanded that Hezbollah implement UNSC 1701 and withdraw its forces north of the Litani River.[95][122] Diplomatic efforts, led by U.S. envoy Amos Hochstein and France, have so far been unsuccessful in resolving the conflict.[123][124]
In November 2023, Israeli defense minister Yoav Gallant warned that Beirut could meet the same fate as Gaza.[125] He made the same warning in January 2024.[126] In June 2024, Gallant visited the United States, seeking support for an escalation of the war with Hezbollah and a possible ground invasion in Lebanon.[127]
Events
October 2023
Shebaa farms attack and response
In the morning of 8 October, Hezbollah fired rockets and shells at the Shebaa Farms region in support of Hamas' attack onto Israel; in response, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) fired artillery shells and a drone into southern Lebanon.[128][129][130] Two Lebanese children were reportedly injured by broken glass.[68]
The next day, Israel exchanged a series of airstrikes on southern Lebanon near the towns of Marwahin, Ayta ash Shab[131] and Dhayra in the Bint Jbeil district.[132] This was after numerous Palestinian militants infiltrated the Israeli border,[133] which Hezbollah denied involvement with. The Palestinian Islamic Jihad militia claimed responsibility for the armed infiltration. The IDF killed at least two perpetrators (likely Palestinians),[132] while a third returned to Lebanon.[134] A Hezbollah media source announced three of Hezbollah's members died in the IDF retaliation.[135] Hezbollah fired rockets and artillery in retaliation.[136] During the clashes, two Israeli soldiers and Lt. Col Alim Abdallah, Deputy Commander of the IDF's 300th Brigade, were killed and another three were wounded.[30]
On 11 October, Hezbollah fired anti-tank missiles at an IDF position and claimed to have produced casualties. In response, the IDF shelled the area where the attack was launched.[137] The Lebanese-Italian hospital in Tyre admitted three injured civilians.[138] The IDF ordered residents of northern Israel to seek shelter following reports of drones being launched from southern Lebanon.[139] A Patriot missile was launched to intercept a suspicious projectile, after which the IDF found that the object in question was not a drone.[140] Warning sirens were activated across northern Israel after reports emerged that up to 20 infiltrators on paragliders had entered Israeli territory from Lebanon before the IDF dismissed the report as a false alarm.[141]
Hezbollah deputy chief Sheikh Naim Qassem said "when time comes for any action, we will carry it out," stating that Hezbollah was ready and would contribute to confrontations against Israel according to its own plan.[142] The IDF fired artillery, into southern Lebanon following an explosion that caused minor damage to a section of the Israel–Lebanon border wall near the kibbutz of Hanita.[143]
The IDF released footage of a drone attack which, according to them, killed three infiltrators from Lebanon near Margaliot who were members of Hamas.[144] One of them was acknowledged by Hezbollah as one of their members. In the afternoon, Hezbollah fired 50 mortar shells and six anti-tank missiles towards five Israeli outposts in the Shebaa Farms.[145] Further IDF shelling killed two civilians in a Shebaa village; video and photographic evidence showed usage of phosphorus bombs.[146]
On 15 October, Hezbollah launched five anti-tank missiles towards northern Israel killing one civilian and injuring three others in Shtula.[147][148] UNIFIL said that their headquarters in Naqoura in southern Lebanon was hit by rocket fire with no casualties reported.[149] Lieutenant Amitai Granot, commander of the 75th Battalion of the IDF's Golan Brigade and son of Rabbi Tamir Granot, was killed in a missile attack on an IDF post bordering Lebanon.[26][27]
Killing of Issam Abdallah
.jpg)
On 13 October, while a group of Reuters, AFP and Al Jazeera journalists were transmitting a live video feed of an IDF outpost in Aalma ech Chaab, two tank rounds fired directly hit the group. The first killed Reuters photojournalist Issam Abdallah. The second strike was much more powerful and ignited the Al Jazeera vehicle, a white Toyota, which Al Jazeera journalists Carmen Joukhadar and Elie Brakhya, as well as their AFP colleague Dylan Collins were standing next to.[150] Reuters photographer Christina Assi was also critically injured.[151][152] The Lebanese Army has said the IDF fired the missile that killed Abdallah. Another Reuters reporter at the scene said Abdallah was killed by projectiles fired from the direction of Israel.[153] His last post on Instagram, posted a week before he was killed, was a photograph of Shireen Abu Akleh, a Palestinian journalist for Al Jazeera Arabic who had been killed by Israel in 2022.[154][155]
A February 2024 report by the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon concluded that an Israeli tank killed Abdallah when it fired at "clearly identifiable journalists", and that this broke international law. The report "assessed that there was no exchange of fire across the Blue Line at the time of the incident", with no records of any exchange of fire across the border for the 40 minutes before the tank firing.[156] The IDF responded to the report by claiming that Hezbollah attacked them, prompting them to retaliate with tank fire.[156]
Further clashes in October
On 16 October, Amnesty International reported that the IDF fired white phosphorus shells into Dhayra, hospitalizing nine civilians and setting fire to civilian objects.[157] Aya Majzoub, Amnesty International's Deputy Regional Director for the Middle East and North Africa, described the attack as a violation of international law that needed to be investigated as a war crime, and that it "seriously endangered the lives of civilians, many of whom were hospitalized and displaced, and whose homes and cars caught fire".[158]
Lebanese state media reported that Dhayra and other areas along the western section of the border came under "continuous" bombardment overnight.[159] In the early morning it was reported that multiple people were suffering from symptoms of suffocation after the IDF allegedly fired white phosphorus shells on the village.[160] Three people were injured after an anti-tank missile from Lebanon landed in the Israeli town of Metula.[161] Hezbollah announced that five of its members were killed on the same day but it was unclear if any had involvement in the border infiltration.[162]
On 19 October, the Lebanese Armed Forces said that one person was killed and another injured after a group of seven Iranian journalists were targeted with machine guns by Israel, although Iranian state media denied the claim and said that all its journalists were "alive and healthy".[163] UNIFIL peacekeepers said that one person was killed after civilians were caught in a cross-fire at the border in which the Lebanese Army requested assistance by UNIFIL to deescalate the situation. It was requested to Israel to suspend fire "to facilitate the rescue operation".[164][163]
Israel started evacuating the settlements located close to the border with Lebanon in October 2023 with more than 60 thousand evacuated by April 2024.[165][166]
In the early afternoon of 21 October, several rockets were fired from Lebanon toward the Shebaa Farms; there were no injuries. The IDF conducted a drone strike on the team of militants that launched the rockets.[167] A short while later, anti-tank guided missiles were fired from Lebanon toward Margaliot and Hanita; two foreign workers were injured. The IDF conducted airstrikes against the missile teams.[168] In the evening, another anti-tank guided missile was fired from Lebanon toward Bar'am. One IDF soldier was seriously injured and two others suffered minor injuries. The IDF responded with several airstrikes in southern Lebanon, some of which targeted other missile teams preparing attacks.[169]
The IDF conducted airstrikes against two Syrian military positions on 24 October in southwestern Syria, marking the first time the IDF publicly targeted the Syrian military since the Israel-Gaza war began.[22]
Hezbollah attacked 19 IDF military sites with missiles and artillery shells[170] and fired one-way attack drones at an IDF position for the first time since the conflict began.[171]
November 2023
.jpg)
In his widely awaited first speech since the start of the war in Gaza on 3 November, Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah said the presence of US warships in the Mediterranean "doesn't scare us".[172][173]
On 5 November, Hezbollah shot down an Israeli Elbit Hermes 450 drone over Nabatieh,[174] with wreckage falling over houses in the towns of Zabdin and Harouf.[175] One Israeli civilian was killed when anti-tank missiles hit the Yiftah kibbutz.[176]
Four people were reportedly injured after an Israeli bombing that hit two ambulances.[177] Later, an Israeli airstrike hit two civilian cars in Lebanon between the towns of Aynata and Aitaroun, killing one women, three of her granddaughters between the ages of 10 and 14, and severely injured her daughter.[178] In response, Hezbollah fired at Kiryat Shmona,[179] killing an Israeli civilian.[180]
The Al-Qassam Brigades took responsibility for firing 16 rockets from Lebanon targeting areas south of Haifa.[181] Meanwhile, Israel reported at least 30 rockets being fired in which the IDF fired back at the sources. Hezbollah and Al-Qassam brigades also conducted four cross-border attacks into northern Israel.[170] Hezbollah deputy general Naim Qassem said that the group could be forced into wider conflict over Israeli attacks in Gaza.[182]
On 10 November, Hezbollah launched anti-tank missiles into an IDF post in Manara which injured three soldiers. The IDF attacked the sources of fire in response.[183] Hezbollah conducted three drone attacks into northern Israel targeting IDF positions and civilians.[184] One drone was intercepted while two others landed on Israeli territory.[185] Seven Hezbollah members were killed during the clashes. The IDF shelled Meiss Ej Jabal Hospital, injuring a doctor. Lebanon's Ministry of Public Health condemned the attack, saying that "Israeli authorities were fully responsible for this unjustifiable act, which would have led to catastrophic results", and called for an investigation.[186]
The Amal Movement, an ally of Hezbollah, announced that a fighter was killed in a missile attack in the village of Rab El Thalathine which also wounded two other members on 11 November.[187] These were the first casualties from the group since it joined the fighting.[188]
On 12 November, Hezbollah anti-tank missile and mortar attacks killed an employee of the Israel Electric Corporation who was conducting repair work and injured 21 other Israelis, including seven IDF members and six of the fatality's colleagues.[189][190] Hezbollah also struck an IDF bulldozer in a separate attack. The IDF said it had launched a drone strike at a militant cell that tried to launch antitank missiles near Metula.[191] Further clashes also killed one Hezbollah member.[145]
Following a Hezbollah strike on 13 November, the IDF responded with heavy shelling across southern Lebanon which reportedly killed two people, according to a first-responder organisation affiliated to the Hezbollah-allied Amal Movement.[192] Unidentified fighters fired anti-tank guided missiles that injured two Israelis near Netu'a.[193] An Israeli rocket struck near journalists in Yaroun, Lebanon, no casualties were reported.[194] Hezbollah condemned the attack, which happened while the journalists were on a public tour in the town.[195]
On 16 November, Hezbollah conducted eight anti-tank missiles targeting Israeli forces and military infrastructure.[196] In the afternoon, Hezbollah attacked numerous towns near the border and targeted military gatherings in Shtula and Hadab Yaron.[197][198] The IDF responded heavily in southern Lebanon and Israeli warplanes raided Hezbollah targets.[199] Hezbollah announced that two of its members were killed.[200]
Four days later, the IDF base of Biranit suffered heavy damage from a Hezbollah barrage using Burkan rockets.[201] IDF fighter jets struck numerous Hezbollah military targets, and soldiers struck a militant cell near Metula.[202] The historically significant St. George church was heavily damaged in Yaroun after it was shelled by the IDF.[203] The house of Amal Movement MP Kabalan Kabalan was also hit with rocket fire.[204] Hezbollah claimed an attack on the IDF's 91st Division barracks at Baranit.[145]
On 21 November, an IDF airstrike in Kafr Kila killed an elderly woman and injured her granddaughter.[205] Another team of journalists were targeted in an IDF strike near Tayr Harfa which killed three people, including two Al Mayadeen journalists, a reporter and a photojournalist, and a guide.[206] On the same day, four members of the Al-Qassam Brigades were killed after an IDF strike on a car near Chaaitiyeh.[207] A Hezbollah member was also killed in a separate attack in Khiam.[208]
Ceasefire
Hezbollah told Al Jazeera that it will "respect" the temporary ceasefire deal between Israel and Hamas.[209]
After the temporary ceasefire between Israel and Hamas on 24 November 2023, Hezbollah stopped its military operations briefly which also prompted the IDF to stop the shelling on targets in southern Lebanon.[210] Many displaced civilians returned to their homes amid the calm.[211] However, during the ceasefire, Hezbollah claimed 23 other attacks into northern Israel.[212]
A UNIFIL patrol unit was hit by IDF gunfire in the vicinity of Aitaroun where there were no casualties. UNIFIL condemned the incident and called on parties to be reminded "of their obligations to protect peacekeepers and avoid putting the men and women who are working to restore stability at risk."[213]
December 2023
On 1 December, Hezbollah claimed five attacks on the Israel–Lebanon border.[214] The IDF shelled Hula, killing two civilians,[215] and the village of Jebbayn, killing an additional person.[216] The IDF also struck a Hezbollah site and a Hezbollah cell preparing to carry out an attack near Malkia. Hezbollah announced the death of one of their members, presumably from one of the IDF strikes.[217] The next day, Hezbollah fired several rockets at Israeli army posts along the border. Israel responded with airstrikes and artillery shelling against Hezbollah sites.[218] Hezbollah stated that one of its fighters were killed.[219]
On 3 December, Hezbollah fired one anti-tank guided missile targeting an IDF base in Beit Hillel, injuring 11 Israelis and Global Affairs Canada announced that a Canadian citizen was killed in Lebanon.[220][221] On 4 December, Hamas announced the creation of a new unit in Lebanon named the "Al-Aqsa Flood Vanguards" and called on "the youth and men of our people to join the vanguard resistance fighters and take part in shaping the future and liberating Jerusalem and the al-Aqsa Mosque."[24] This created a negative reaction by many Lebanese politicians as they said that it would be a threat to Lebanon's sovereignty.[24]
One Lebanese soldier was killed and three others were injured by an Israeli attack on a Lebanese Army base in Odaisseh.[222] The IDF later apologized for the incident, saying that it would investigate.[223] A farm worker from Syria, was killed in an Israeli artillery attack on a poultry farm near Arnoun that also injured two of his relatives.[222] Israeli defense minister Yoav Gallant met with mayors and local council heads in Nahariya, northern Israel to discuss the threat of Hezbollah to northern residents. Gallant said that if diplomacy fails, Israel will use its military to force Hezbollah north of the Litani River.[224]
On 11 December, the mayor of the southern Lebanese village of Taybeh was killed in an Israeli airstrike.[225] Two other Hezbollah fighters were killed by Israeli airstrikes and artillery shelling in Aitaroun, and three civilians were injured. Other airstrikes were carried out by the IAF, destroying five houses and damaging 17 others.[163] Four batches of missiles fired from Lebanon towards northern Israel were intercepted by the Iron Dome defense system, while the Islamic Resistance claimed it attacked several Israeli sites. According to Israeli media, three soldiers were injured.[163] Hezbollah and other militias attacked nine Israeli towns and military positions.[226] Israeli war cabinet minister and former defense minister Benny Gantz discussed security in northern Israel in a phone call with US secretary of state Antony Blinken. Gantz said he conveyed that Hezbollah's heightened aggression and attacks mean that Israel must "remove" the threat from northern Israel. Gantz's statement singled out the Lebanese state, not just Hezbollah, and called for international pressure on Lebanon to stop attacks on its southern border.[163]
The Syrian Social Nationalist Party in Lebanon announced the death of one member of their military wing, the Eagles of the Whirlwind, on 15 December.[4] The IDF said that one in five rockets launched by Hezbollah had landed in Lebanese territory and published an infographic showing failed rocket launches into Israel.[227] On 16 December, a soldier from the IDF's 129th Battalion was killed by a Hezbollah drone strike near Margaliot, which also caused a fire in a building. Two other soldiers were injured. Another drone was shot down by the IDF, which also responded to the infiltrations by shelling targets. The IAF later hit several Hezbollah targets inside Lebanon, including rocket launch sites and military infrastructure.[31] On 22 December, two IDF soldiers of the 188th Armored Brigade were killed by a Hezbollah rocket attack in the Shtula area.[228]
On the morning of 23 December, IDF aircraft bombed a house in Kfar Kila and intense artillery fire also took place on the outskirts of Deir Mimas[229] The IDF conducted a raid near a UNIFL center along the Khardali River.[230] An Al-Manar cameraman was injured in the eye after an IDF attack on a road in the al-Khardali area where correspondents of MTV and the state-owned National News Agency were also passing.[231] Hezbollah announced that two of their members were killed on that day.[231] On 24 December, senior IRGC general Razi Mousavi was killed by an Israeli airstrike in Damascus.[232] On 26 December, a Hezbollah anti-tank missile hit St. Mary's Greek Orthodox Church in Iqrit, northern Israel.[233] A civilian suffered serious injuries, and when IDF responders arrived at the scene, another missile was fired, injuring nine soldiers.[234] On 30 December, Israeli airstrikes targeted an Iranian arms shipment in the Syrian border city of Abu Kamal, killing 25 militiamen.[235]
January 2024
On 2 January, Israel conducted an airstrike in the Dahieh neighborhood of Beirut, resulting in the assassination of Saleh al-Arouri, the deputy chairman of the Hamas political bureau, and the death of six other members.[236] Al-Arouri was also responsible for the expansion of Hamas' activities in the Israeli-occupied West Bank, including attacks on Israelis.[237][238] The assassination occurred one day before Hezbollah commemorated the fourth anniversary of the assassination of senior Iranian military commander Qasem Soleimani.[239] On 6 January, Hezbollah launched approximately 40 rockets into northern Israel, describing it as an "initial response" to al-Arouri's killing.[240] According to Israel, the rockets targeted a strategic airbase near Mount Meron, causing significant damage to it.[241]
On 8 January, Israel assassinated Wissam al-Tawil, the deputy commander of Hezbollah's Redwan Force, whom it accused of carrying out the attack on Meron airbase two days earlier.[242] In response to al-Tawil's killing, Hezbollah launched a drone attack on Israel's Northern Command headquarters in Safed on the following day, situated approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) from the border.[243] Ali Hussein Barji, the commander of Hezbollah's aerial forces in southern Lebanon who was reportedly responsible for the attack, was killed by an airstrike, according to Israel, alongside three other Hezbollah members, in Khirbet Selm shortly before al-Tawil's funeral began.[244][245] However, Hezbollah denied that Barji was killed.[246]
On 11 January, two Hezbollah-linked search-and-rescue personnel were killed and an unspecified number of civilians were wounded during an Israeli air raid on the town of Hanine.[247]
The IDF said that they killed four militants that infiltrated the Israeli border through Shebaa while an IDF unit was patrolling nearby on 14 January. Five IDF soldiers were wounded.[248] A group calling itself the "Islamic Glory Brigades" later claimed responsibility for the attack and announced that 3 of their members were killed and 2 were able to escape.[249] The same day, two Israeli civilians; a man and his 70-year-old mother, were killed by Hezbollah anti-tank missiles in Kfar Yuval.[250]
On 20 January, Brigadier General Sadegh Omidzadeh, an intelligence officer with the IRGC's Quds Force in Syria, along with four other IRGC officers, were reportedly killed in an Israeli airstrike in Damascus.[251][252] According to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, an Israeli missile strike targeted a four-story building in the Mezzeh district. The attack resulted in the death of thirteen individuals,[253] including five Iranians, and the complete destruction of the building where leaders aligned with Iran were having a meeting.[254] The next day, in southern Lebanon, Sky News Arabic reported that Fadi Suleiman, a senior field commander of Hezbollah, survived an Israeli attack near a military checkpoint in Kafra. His bodyguard was killed in the same attack.[255]
February 2024
Between 3 and 5 February, five Amal Movement fighters were killed. Two fighters were killed in airstrikes in Blida and three others were announced that were killed in Bayt Lif.[256][257]
On 8 February, the IDF conducted a drone strike on a car in Nabatieh. Israeli media said a regional Hezbollah commander named Abbas al-Dabs was assassinated in the attack.[258] A day before, two Hezbollah members, including al-Dabs, were named by Israeli intelligence as reportedly working alongside IRGC officers on building Iranian air defenses in Syria.[259]
On 10 February, an Israeli drone struck a car near Sidon, killing at least two people and wounding two others. An Israeli security source said the target of the strike was Hamas official Basel Saleh, who was "injured to an unknown extent." Saleh was responsible for enlisting new Hamas recruits in Gaza and the West Bank.[260] On 12 February, another assassination attempt took place targeting Hezbollah official Mohammed Abd al-Rasoul Alawiya in his car in Bint Jbeil.[261]
On 14 February, in the deadliest day of fighting,[262] a barrage of eleven rockets fired from Lebanon struck Safed and an army base in northern Israel, killing an Israeli soldier and injuring eight others. Israel responded with widespread airstrikes against targets belonging to Hezbollah infrastructure in Jabal al-Braij, Kfar Houneh, Kafr Dunin, Aadchit and Souaneh, killing a total of ten people.[263] In Nabatieh, an attack on a residential building killed seven members of a family, including a child. Another attack in the town of al-Suwana killed a woman and her two children.[264] The IDF said that it killed a senior commander of the elite Redwan Force unit along with a deputy and another fighter in Nabatieh which was confirmed by Hezbollah the next day.[265][266] A total of seven Hezbollah members were announced dead from the attacks.[267]
In response to the launch of a UAV toward the Lower Galilee from Lebanese territory on 19 February, Israeli jets targeted Hezbollah militants in Marwahin, two weapons storage facilities near the city of Sidon, and Hezbollah infrastructure in the Meiss El Jabal and al-Adisa areas of Lebanon.[268]
On 21 February, an Israeli airstrike on a residential area of Damascus near a fortified compound used by Syrian security forces killed two civilians.[269] On the same day, an Israeli airstrike on the village of Majdal Zoun killed two more civilians, a mother and her child.[270] In addition, Israeli forces struck a Hezbollah observation post in Ramyeh and shelled an area near Aitaroun with artillery to "remove threats." Later on Israeli jets attacked an observation post in Khaim, a military post in Zibqin — from which a missile was fired at Shlomi — and other Hezbollah infrastructure.[271]
On 22 February, after a projectile from Lebanon hit a home in the border town of Yuval, an Israeli drone struck an apartment building in Kfar Remen, killing at least two Hezbollah fighters and wounding three others.[272] The next day, on 23 February, an Israeli strike on a Hezbollah-linked clinic in Blida killed two civilian paramedics and one Hezbollah fighter and injured an unknown number of people.[273]
On 24 February, sirens sounded in Arab el Aramsha, Hanita, Shebaa Farms, and Kiryat Shmona in northern Israel and the Golan Heights due to rocket fire. In response, the IDF struck numerous sites across the areas of Rab El Thalathine, Ayta ash Shab, and Blida. Later an Israeli drone identified a Hezbollah cell entering a military compound in southern Lebanon, leading to an Israeli airstrike on the compound. After the attack, secondary explosions took place, implying the presence of weapons in the building. In addition, fighter jets attacked a Redwan unit operational headquarters near the village of Baraachit, as well as launch posts in the area of Jabal Blat, while Israeli artillery struck to neutralize a threat in the area of Rachaya Al Foukhar.[274]
On 26 February, after Hezbollah shot down a Hermes 450 drone with a surface-to-air missile, Israel launched its first attacks into eastern Lebanon since the conflict began, targeting Hezbollah air defense sites and killing two Hezbollah members near Baalbek.[275][276] Hezbollah said it fired 60 Katyusha rockets at an IDF headquarters in response to the attack.[277] The IDF eliminated a commander in Hezbollah's Nasser Unit who was responsible for multiple attacks into Israel while driving in his car in Majadel.[278]
March 2024
On 4 March, a Hezbollah anti-tank missile strike on Margaliot resulted in seven injuries as well as the death of an Indian national.[279] The next day, an Israeli airstrike on Hula, in retaliation for the previous day's strike on Margaliot, killed three Lebanese citizens, a married couple and their child.[280] Amongst the three killed, Hezbollah announced two as their members.[281][282]
On 9 March, five people, including three Hezbollah members, were killed and at least nine others were wounded in an IDF strike on a house in Khirbet Selm.[283] In retaliation, the next day Hezbollah fired 37 Katyusha rockets at the town of Meron in northern Israel; no injuries were reported.[284][285]
On 12 March, Israeli airstrikes on the town of al-Nabi Shayth in the Beqaa Valley resulted in six injuries and the death of two Hezbollah members.[286]
.jpeg)
On 13 March, an Israeli airstrike on a road near Lebanon's Rashidieh refugee camp for Palestinians killed a civilian and Hadi Ali Mustafa, the leader of Hamas forces in Lebanon, and injured two others.[287][288] A week later, two Syrian teenagers (aged 16 and 17) were handed over to Lebanese authorities for allegedly spying for Israel. It was reported that they confessed to have been given an equivalent of US$11 each by a local mosque servant to unknowingly plant a tracking device in Mustafa's car.[289]
On 27 March, IDF claimed the Israeli airstrike on a paramedic center affiliated with the group in Hebbariye killed seven people, whom Israel claimed were militants. The claim was denied by Hezbollah, and that the casualties were actually rescuers.[290] The victims were later identified as volunteers, and Lebanon's Ministry of Public Health condemned the strike. In response to the attack, Hezbollah launched around thirty rockets towards northern Israel, killing a factory worker in Kiryat Shmona and lightly wounding another.[291][292] After sunset, Israeli airstrikes were reported in Tayr Harfa and Naqoura, which each killed five and four people respectively. The strikes killed three paramedics; two from the Islamic Health Society and another from the Amal Movement-affiliated Islamic Risala Scout Association. A local commander of the Amal Movement was also killed, along with at least two Hezbollah members.[293]
On 29 March, an Israeli airstrike targeting Aleppo International Airport killed 38 Syrian soldiers, seven Hezbollah fighters and seven militiamen,[58] in what became the deadliest Israeli strike on Syria in the past three years.[294] Another airstrike in Bazouriyeh, Lebanon killed Ali Abed Akhsan Naim, the deputy commander of Hezbollah's rocket and missiles unit who the IDF said was responsible for planning attacks against Israeli civilians.[295]
On 30 March, Reuters reported that an Israeli strike had injured three UN observers and a translator who were monitoring hostilities along the Blue Line.[296] An investigation by the Lebanese Army determined that the explosion was caused by a landmine, which Israel said was planted by Hezbollah.[297] The IDF struck a centre of the Lebanese Ambulance Association at the end of March killing seven paramedics.[298]
April 2024
On 1 April, an Israeli airstrike targeted an Iranian consulate annex building adjacent to the Iranian embassy in Damascus, Syria. It killed eight people, including a senior Quds Force commander of the IRGC, Brigadier General Mohammad Reza Zahedi.[299] The others fatalities included five members of the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps and two Iranian advisors.[300] On 8 April, Israeli officials confirmed that Hezbollah fighters shot down a Hermes 900 drone, the first of its type lost during the conflict.[301] On 13 April, the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC), a branch of the Iranian military, in collaboration with the Popular Mobilization Forces in Iraq, Hezbollah, and the Houthis in Yemen, launched attacks against Israel with drones, cruise missiles, and ballistic missiles.[302]
On 16 April, an Israeli airstrike on two cars near the town of Ain Ebel, in southern Lebanon, killed two Hezbollah members, including regional commander Ismail Baz, and one civilian.[117] The next day, fourteen Israeli soldiers and four civilians were wounded by drones attack in northern Israel. One IDF officer died of his wounds later that week.[303][304] On 23 April, an Israeli drone strike deep into Lebanon killed an engineer working for Hezbollah's air defense forces as he was traveling in a vehicle. The strike hit the Abu al-Aswad area near the coastal city of Tyre, some 35 kilometers (22 miles) from the border. The fighter's vehicle was completely burnt out. The IDF said it had killed "two significant terrorists in Hezbollah's aerial unit", the second being a senior member of the elite Redwan Force, Muhammad Attiya.[305] In response to the attacks, Hezbollah made its deepest incursion into Israeli territory yet by launching drone attacks into the city of Acre targeting two IDF bases.[306]
May 2024
On 5 May, an Israel airstrike on a house in the Lebanese village of Meiss Ej Jabal killed four civilians. In retaliation, Hezbollah fired dozens of rockets at the Israeli town of Kiryat Shmona.[307]
On 6 May, two reservist Israeli soldiers of the 98th Paratroopers Division's 655th Battalion were killed by a Hezbollah drone attack near Metula, northern Israel, bringing the IDF death toll to 18.[308] Hezbollah also launched 30 rockets at the Golan Heights, damaging houses in Kidmat Tzvi.[309] The IDF struck 15 Radwan targets in al-Lwaiza, southern Lebanon,[310] and a Hezbollah compound in Sefri, near Baalbek. Lebanese media said that the strike destroyed a factory and injured three people.[311][312]
On 8 May, Israeli airstrikes in southern Lebanon killed two Hezbollah and three PIJ members.[313] The next day an Israeli airstrike on a car near the village of Bafliyeh killed four Hezbollah members.[314]
On 10 May, Israeli airstrikes on two villages in the Marjeyoun District killed a Hezbollah member in Aedsheet and a PIJ member in Blida, respectively. On the same day, another Israeli airstrike on the town of Tayr Harfa killed two civilians who were carrying out repairs on a local cell tower.[315]
On 14 May, an Israeli airstrike on a house in the village of Meiss Ej Jabal killed a member of Hezbollah and injured one other person. Following this, a Hezbollah anti-tank missile strike killed an Israeli civilian and wounded five IDF personnel in the kibbutz of Adamit.[316] At night, an Israeli drone strike on a car in Tyre killed two people including Hussein Makki, a Hezbollah field commander.[317] In response to the commander's killing, Hezbollah fired 60 rockets at Mount Meron air traffic control base causing minor damage. They also fired at least one heavy rocket towards the Biranit army base.[318] One IDF soldier was killed and another five were wounded.[319]
On 15 May, a rocket launched by the Lebanese branch of Hamas fell short of the intended Israeli target, instead landing on the Lebanese side of the border, killing a Syrian immigrant and wounding four others. A Hezbollah drone crashed in the Lower Galilee for the first time since the start of the conflict. Hezbollah said it launched several drones targeting a surveillance system at an army base near Golani Junction, west of Tiberias.[320][321] The IDF confirmed that two drones were fired at the Tal Shamayim base, with one being intercepted and the other damaging the Sky Dew aerostat.[322][323] Later that day, an Israeli airstrike on a car near Tyre killed one Hezbollah member and wounded two other people.[324] The next day, two other Hezbollah members were in another airstrike on another car near in the same area.[325] In retaliation, Hezbollah launched a drone strike on Israeli positions in Metula, wounding three IDF soldiers.
On 21 May, an Israeli airstrike near Tyre killed a high-ranking officer in Hezbollah's coastal missile unit. That night, an Israeli airstrike on a car in the Beqaa Valley killed two members of the Islamic Group. Targeted assassinations continued the same week with an Israeli airstrike on a car in the village of Kfar Dajjal which killed a Hezbollah member and seriously wounded three children in a nearby school bus. In response, Lebanon issued a formal complaint to the United Nations Security Council.[326]
On 25 May, an Israeli airstrike on a truck near the Syrian town of al-Qusayr killed two Hezbollah members.[327] Later that day, a car bombing in Damascus killed a Syrian Army officer with ties to Hezbollah.[328]
On 26 May, an Israeli airstrike on a house in Aitaroun killed two Hezbollah members. On the same day, another Hezbollah member was killed, as was another person, following an airstrike on a motorcycle in Naqoura. Later, an airstrike on another motorcycle in Ayta ash Shab killed two civilians. An airstrike on a third motorcycle, in Hula, killed two Hezbollah members and wounded two other people. Two civilians were killed in strikes on the village of Yaroun.[329]
June 2024
On 1 June, an Israeli airstrike on a house in Aadloun killed a civilian and wounded four others. Later that evening, two Israeli airstrikes on a house in Ain Qana killed a Hezbollah member and wounded another person.[330] The next day, an Israeli airstrike on a motorcycle in Hula killed two civilians.[331]
On 3 June, a pair of Israeli airstrikes on Naqoura killed two Hezbollah members. Another airstrike, this time on a car near the village of Kauthariyet El Rez, killed another Hezbollah member.[332] In Syria, an Israeli airstrike on a copper plant near Aleppo killed 16 members of Iran-backed militias.[333] Hezbollah said that it fired drones at the IDF's headquarters in the Galilee.[334] It also claimed a drone attack in Metula.[335] The IDF confirmed that two drones crashed in northern Israel while a third was intercepted.[336] Acting Minister of Foreign Affairs of Iran made his first overseas visit as foreign minister to Lebanon,[337] during which he confirmed that the Iranian government was engaged in negotiations with the United States hosted by Oman.[338] Forest fires in northern Israel were erupted the entire week which reportedly resulted in 2,500 acres of land burnt and the hospitalization of six Israeli soldiers and five civilians due to smoke inhalation.[339][340]
On 11 June, an Israeli strike on a command and control center in Jwaya killed senior Hezbollah commander Taleb Abdallah and three other militants. The next day, in response to Taleb's killing,[341] Hezbollah launched a barrage of about 90 rockets into Israel targeting an IDF factory, military headquarters in Ein Zeitim and Ami'ad, and an air surveillance station in Meron.[341] It later fired another 70 at the Mount Meron area, and then ten more at Zar'it, bringing the total number of launches to 170.[342] It increased to 215 by the late afternoon.[343]
On 13 June, Hezbollah fired 150 rockets and 30 UAVs at 15 targets in northern Israel and the Golan Heights.[344]
Amos Hochstein, a senior advisor to US President Joe Biden, arrived in Israel on 17 June to attempt to de-escalate tensions between Israel and Lebanese militias.[345]
On 19 June, Nasrallah stated that a Hezbollah invasion of the Galilee "remains on the table"[346][347] and alleged that the government of Cyprus was allowing Israeli forces to operate within its country and thus made Cyprus a legitimate target for Hezbollah strikes. Cypriot president Nikos Christodoulides denied that Cyprus was taking sides in the conflict.[348]
On 30 June, Israeli officials reported 18 IDF soldiers were wounded by a drone attack on the Golan Heights.[349]
July 2024
On 3 July, senior Hezbollah field commander Mohammed Nasser was killed in an Israeli airstrike in Tyre,[350] and in response Hezbollah fired 100 rockets at IDF positions.[351] The following day, it fired 200 more rockets into Israel.[352][353] On 9 July, an Israeli airstrike on the Beirut–Damascus highway in Syria killed two Hezbollah members,[354][355] and Hezbollah fired 40 rockets at the Golan Heights.[356] A week later, at least two people were wounded in an Israeli drone attack in Lebanon,[357] and Hezbollah rocket strikes in Kiryat Shmona damaged residential buildings.[358] On 22 July, drones from Lebanon were intercepted by Israeli forces,[359] and a Hezbollah rocket strike injured two soldiers in northern Israel.[360] The following day and in response, Israel launched artillery strikes on southern Lebanon,[361] Hezbollah launched rocket strikes in northern Israel,[362] and Israeli warplanes and artillery struck southern Lebanon.[363]
On 27 July, an Israeli strike in southern Lebanon killed four members of different militant groups.[364] A rocket strike hit the Druze town of Majdal Shams in the northern Golan Heights, killing 12 children and injuring dozens more.[365][366] In retaliation, the IDF bombed villages and towns in south and east Lebanon the following day.[367][368] On 29 July, two were killed in an Israeli strike in Lebanon.[369] The next day, an Israeli airstrike struck Hezbollah infrastructure in southern Lebanon, and one Israeli civilian was killed in a rocket strike from Lebanon to northern Israel.[370] Hezbollah said it fired at Israeli warplanes which entered Lebanese airspace.[371] The IDF said the airstrike targeted senior commander of Hezbollah Fuad Shukr for his involvement in the Majdal Shams attack,[372] and Hezbollah later confirmed his death.[373] Four civilians were also killed, while 80 people were injured.[374]
August 2024
On 17 August, at least 11 including a woman and her two children were killed and four were wounded including two serious injuries in an Israeli strike on a metal warehouse in Nabatieh.[375][376] The IDF claimed that it struck a Hezbollah "weapons storage facility".[376] The Embassy of the Philippines, Beirut advised its 11,000 citizens in Lebanon to leave the country following the strike.[377] A Hezbollah drone strike injured two soldiers in an IDF site near Misgav Am.[378] One was killed in an Israeli drone strike on a motorcycle in Tyre. The IDF confirmed the death of a commander of the elite Redwan Force.[379]
On 25 August, Israel began strikes in southern Lebanon against Hezbollah targets.[380][381] Israel framed its strikes as "preemptive."[382] Hezbollah said that it fired over 320 Katyusha rockets to IDF sites in northern Israel and the Golan Heights as the first phase of response to the assassination of Fuad Shukr. A woman was slightly injured due to sharpnel from the attack in Acre.[383][384] An Israeli drone strike in Qasimia in southern Lebanon wounded two people including one Hezbollah militant.[385][386] Israel airstrikes also struck Khiam, Zebqin, Yater, Shebaa, Nabatieh, Bir Kalb, Kfar Kila, Aalma ech Chaab, and Mays al-Jabal, killing a Hezbollah militant and a Amal Movement militant.[385][387][388] Another three people were wounded, namely a Hezbollah militant and a Syrian national.[385][389][390] An Israeli Navy officer was killed by a Hezbollah rocket attack on a Dvora-class fast patrol boat off the coast of Nahariya, northern Israel and two others were injured.[391][392] An Israel drone strike struck Zawtar El Charkiyeh.[393] Hezbollah confirmed the death of six militants.[394]
September 2024: escalation
On 16 September, the Security Cabinet of Israel approved a new war aim of returning evacuated residents to the north of Israel, adding to the goals of destroying Hamas and liberating the hostages.[395] On 17 September, the Shin Bet claimed that it thwarted a Hezbollah attempt for assassinate a former senior defence official with a Claymore mine.[396][397] Also on 17 September, at least 12 people were killed and more than 2,750 were wounded, including Hezbollah members and civilians, after the explosions of their pagers in Lebanon and Syria, including in Beirut.[398] It has been reported that the attack resulted in 1,500 fighters being taken out of action, with many facing blindness or losing their hands.[399] Among those injured was the Iranian ambassador, Mojtaba Amani.[400][401] Several drones launched from Lebanon crossed the border.[402] Hezbollah confirmed the death of 12 militants on that day.[403]
On 18 September another series of explosions involving wireless devices was reported across Lebanon, killing at least 30 people and injuring 750 others.[404][405][406] Hezbollah said that it carried out four strikes targeting IDF sites including in Neve Ziv and Beit Hillel with rockets and artillery. Lebanese media reported that Israeli strikes struck Al-Jbeen, Shama, Majdal Zoun, Kfar Kila, Kfar Shiuba, Houla, al-Taybeh, the forest in the vicinity of Kounine and Beit Yahoun, and the outskirts of Yater.[407] The IDF said that it struck Hezbollah sites in Chihine, Tayibe, Blida, Meiss El Jabal, Aitaroun and Kfarkela and a Hezbollah weapons depot in Khiam in these airstrikes.[408]
On 19 September, the IDF said that it started carrying out airstrikes against Hezbollah to destroy its capabilities in southern Lebanon while heavy bombing was reported in Deir Qanoun En Nahr.[409] The IDF also said that it killed two Lebanese militants attempting to infiltrate the border and plant an explosive at an IDF post.[410] Two Israeli soldiers were killed and nine others were injured in Hezbollah attacks in the vicinity of the Lebanese border.[411][412] Three rockets launched by Hezbollah to Metula caused fires and damaged electric infrastructure.[413] The IDF said that its jets struck more than a hundred Hezbollah rocket launchers and other Hezbollah sites in its heaviest air strikes since the Israel-Hezbollah conflict started in October 2023.[414][408] An Israeli strike in al-Haniyeh wounded four people.[415] The Lebanese National News Agency reported that Israeli airstrikes targeted Mahmoudieh, Ksar al-Aroush, and Birket Jabbour.[414]
On 20 September, an Israeli strike in the Dahieh suburb of Beirut killed Ibrahim Aqil, the acting commander of the elite Redwan Force and other personnel including Ahmad Mahmoud Wahabi, a senior commander of Hezbollah while they were in a meeting. At least 45 people were killed including Aqil, Wahabi, another 14 high-ranking Hezbollah militants, three children, and seven women, while 68 people were injured. Heavy rocket fire was reported afterward in northern Israel. Hezbollah claimed that its Katyusha rockets struck the IDF base in Meron. Hezbollah also said that it targeted Israeli airbases, intelligence bases, and a tank.[416][417][418]
On 21 September, the IDF claimed to have "almost completely dismantled" Hezbollah's military chain of command.[419] The IDF claimed that it destroyed thousands of rocket launchers.[420] Four people were wounded in Israeli strikes.[421] The IAF also launched heavy artillery strikes in several areas in southern Lebanon.[422] The IDF said that it launched 400 strikes targeting Hezbollah rocket launchers and other infrastructure.[423]
On 22 September, Israeli President Isaac Herzog denied any Israeli involvement in the pager explosions.[424] Hezbollah made two attacks on the Israeli Ramat David Airbase using Fadi 1 and Wadi 2 missiles, injuring one person;[425][426] an additional three people were also injured in Krayot and Lower Galilee.[427] Three people were killed in Israeli strikes in southern Lebanon. Hezbollah confirmed the death of two of its militants.[428] Hezbollah claimed that it struck three Israeli targets.[429]
On 23 September, the IDF conducted over 1,600 strikes in Lebanon, killing at least 558 people and injuring more than 1,835 others including children, women and paramedics according to the Lebanese Health Ministry.[51][430][431] Hezbollah fired about 240[432] rockets into Israel, the West Bank, and Golan Heights, injuring five people. It first fired 35 rockets into northern Israel targeting IDF bases and warehouses, lightly injuring a man in the Lower Galilee.[433] It later fired around 80 rockets, targeting several locations including Ariel and Karnei Shomron in the occupied West Bank and Haifa.[434][435] The group targeted IDF bases and Rafael Advanced Defense Systems facilities.[436] Ali Karaki, the commander of Hezbollah's Southern Front, was targeted in an Israeli airstrike in Dahieh.[437][438] Hezbollah said that he survived the attack.[439] A Hamas field commander was killed in an Israeli airstrike in southern Lebanon.[440]
By 25 September, an army of around 40,000 Iraqi, Syrian, and Houthi militants concentrated around the Golan Heights, which the Institute for the Study of War argued was part of a preparation for an Israeli invasion of Lebanon.[441] The number of displaced Lebanese people reached an estimated 500,000.[442][443]
On 26 September, an Israeli strike on a three-storey building in Younine killed at least 19 Syrians and a Lebanese person, mostly women or children, and injured eight others.[444][445]
On 27 September, the IDF said that it struck Hezbollah's central headquarters in Beirut targeting Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah.[446] Al-Manar reported that four buildings collapsed in the attack. At least six people including Nasrallah died and at least 100 were injured.[78][447][448] Ali Karaki, Hezbollah’s commander of the southern front since 1982, was killed in the same Israeli airstrike alongside Nasrallah.[449]
On 28 September, the Lebanese National News Agency reported that IDF strikes struck civil defense centres and a medical clinic in Taybeh and Deir Siriane killing 11 medical staff and injuring 10 others.[450]
On 29 September, an Israeli air strike on a home in Dahr-al-Ain killed at least 11 people.[451][452] The Lebanese National News Agency reported that at least 17 members of a family were killed and several others were trapped under rubble in an Israeli air strike in Zboud.[453] An Israeli strike in Ain El Delb killed 45 people and injured at least 75 others.[454][455] An Israeli strike in Bekaa killed 12 people and injured 20 others.[454]
On 30 September, Israel informed the United States that it intended to carry out a ground maneuver in Lebanon aimed at clearing Hezbollah's infrastructure along the border. That evening, the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) and UNIFIL withdrew from the Israeli-Lebanese border to the north to a distance of 5 kilometres (3.1 mi; 2.7 nmi) from the border, while the IDF designated the settlements of Metula, Misgav Am and Kfar Giladi as closed military areas.[456] Israeli troops amassed on the border in southern Lebanon, with Israel stating that they were preparing for a limited ground invasion.[457]
On 1 October, the Israeli military began an invasion of southern Lebanon, also known as the Third Lebanon War by some Israeli sources,[79] and announced that Israel had been carrying out small covert raids into Lebanon for months.[458] Since then Israel has kept the extent of its campaign vague.[459] On 29 October, IDF officers said that while some Lebanese villages still pose a threat to Israel, most military goals in Lebanon border area were fulfilled and conditions were created to staple Israel's achievements in ceasefire negotiations.[460]
Aftermath
On 1 October, IDF troops officially crossed the border into Lebanon.[461][462][463] The IDF announced that it had launched "limited, localized and targeted raids" against targets with strategic importance to Hezbollah.[464] An Israeli strike on a house in Al-Dawoudiya killed at least 10 people and injured five others.[465] Hours after the initial Israeli raids began, Iran launched ballistic missiles against Israel,[466] citing "terrorist acts of the Zionist regime" such as the assassination of Hassan Nasrallah as justification for the attack.[467]
Casualties and damage
Lebanon
The olive trade in southern Lebanon, which is the main source of income for many, was halted as farmers stopped their harvests in fear of the active shelling.[468][469] According to Agriculture Minister Abbas Hajj Hassan, 40,000 olive trees have been burned down by fires caused by IDF shelling.[470] The ministry has also said that 790 hectares of agricultural land have been damaged and 340 thousand farm animals have been lost.[471] In total, the IDF has caused US$3 billion of agriculture losses.[472] The Institute of International Finance predicted that Lebanon's GDP could decline by one percent by the end of 2023 and by 30 percent in 2024 in the event of further spillover of the war.[473] According to the Council for the South, Israeli strikes have destroyed 1,700 buildings and damaged 14,000 others and caused US$500 million worth of damage on water, electricity, telecoms and other infrastructure.[41]
As of 2 May 2024, Lebanon's Ministry of Public Health reported that 1,359 people had been wounded.[474] As of 29 May 2024, according to OCHA, 88 Lebanese civilians have been killed including 39 women and children, three journalists and 19 militia-linked first responders.[475]
At least 320 militants have been killed in Lebanon, including 250 Hezbollah members, including at least 40 in Syria, 25 Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad members, one Amal Movement member, and one SSNP member. One Lebanese Army soldier was killed and three others were injured.[476] Seven UNIFL workers and peacekeepers were injured in numerous attacks by both Israel and Lebanese militias.[477]
Israel
Twenty-six Israeli civilians, 22 soldiers and one security officer were killed in Israel. An additional three soldiers were killed in non-combat incidents; one by malfunctioning ammunition and the other two in a tank accident. Nine soldiers were killed during combat in southern Lebanon.[59] Hezbollah's attacks resulted in the evacuation of over 90,000 people—60,000 forced and 30,000 voluntary—from northern Israel.[478] As of July 2024, the Israeli government issued orders for the evacuation of 43 settlements located within 3 miles (4.8 km) of the border with Lebanon.[479] Five Israeli UAVs were shot down over Lebanon: two Hermes 450 and three Hermes 900 models.[480][481]
As of February 2024, more than 500 homes in northern Israel have been reported damaged by Hezbollah according to reports received by the IDF.[482] Hundreds of other cases in towns like Arab Al-Aramsheh and Menara remain unassessed due to security issues for inspection.[483] As of November 2024, over 60% of the buildings in Metula were destroyed by Hezbollah attacks since the start of the conflict.[484]
Economy
According to Tel Aviv University economist Tomer Fadlon, there would be long-term and significant effects on northern Israel's economy if its population did not return. He further said that even if Israel achieved victory in Gaza, the north would possibly not see an economic recovery.[485] The conflict severely hurt the tourism industry in the north, which employs many people. Many factories in the region have not shut down but suffered labor shortages of up to 50%.[478] According to an estimate by the Bank of Israel in November 2023, the Israeli economy suffers the loss of 590 million shekels ($158 million) every week due absence of work caused by the evacuation of 144,000 people after the Israel–Hamas war, 40% of them from the north.[485]
Once-robust communities such as Snir and Kiryat Shmona were mostly emptied following the evacuation orders in northern Israel. Kiryat Shmona was planned to be used by food technology businesses, but companies left following the city's evacuation in October 2023. Northern Israel has one-third of Israel's agricultural land, and the occupied Golan Heights and Galilee accounted for 73% of Israel's annual egg production; however, after the outbreak of the conflict, few people remained in the north to tend chicken coops, resulting in a decline in domestic egg production.[486] In August 2024 the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security approved a quota for the import of 45 million eggs due to the anticipated drop in local production over the conflict and other reasons.[487]
War crimes
Israeli war crimes
Killing of Lebanese civilians
In September 2024, thousands of wireless communication devices exploded throughout Lebanon and Syria in an attack attributed to Israel, killing dozens of people, including civilians and Hezbollah militants. Lama Fakih, a director of the Human Rights Watch, said that the explosions would constitute an indiscriminate attack if the IDF had no way of accurately determining the location of the explosive devices since there would be no distinction between civilians and military targets. UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Türk said that the attacks violated international human rights since the IDF did not have knowledge regarding the users of the devices or their location and surroundings during the explosions.[488]
According to the Syrian Observatory for Human rights, 232 Syrian refugees were killed by the IDF in Lebanon since the start of the Israel-Hamas war.[67]
Targeting of journalists
According to the Council of Europe, the intentional targeting of journalists constitutes a war crime.[489] During the conflict, Reporters Without Borders (RSF) claimed that the Israeli army had deliberately targeted journalists.[490][491][492] An RSF investigation said that Israel had targeted journalists in two missile strikes on 13 October 2023 that killed Reuters reporter Issam Abdallah and injured four others. These two strikes, 30 seconds apart, hit a group of seven journalists in southern Lebanon who were reporting on the border fighting between Israel and Hezbollah. In a video, the journalists are seen wearing vests and helmets identifying them as "PRESS". The marking was also present on the roof of their car, which exploded after being hit by the second missile.[493] The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, which tests and analyses munitions and weapons, assisted Reuters by examining the material collected at the site of the explosion and found that a piece of metal was the fin of a 120 mm tank round fired 1.34 km away from the border from a smoothbore tank gun.[150]
IDF's use of white phosphorus
On 31 October 2023, after an investigation, Amnesty International stated that an Israeli white phosphorus attack on 16 October was indiscriminate, unlawful, and "must be investigated as a war crime", due to its use on the populated Lebanese town of Dhayra, which injured at least nine civilians.[494][158] On 2 November, Amnesty International stated its investigations into four incidents on 10, 11, 16 and 17 October showed Israel had used white phosphorus munitions.[495] The claim was confirmed by the Washington Post, which identified two white phosphorus shell casings made in the U.S.[496] Human Rights Watch verified IDF's use of white phosphorus in at least 17 municipalities in Lebanon, including five municipalities where airburst munitions were used over residential areas.[497] It also called on the Lebanese government to file a declaration to enable investigations in the International Criminal Court.[497]
In southern Lebanon, Israel's white phosphorus bombs have destroyed over 4,500 hectares (45,000,000 m2) of forest with economic loses being valued at US$20 million.[498] The American University of Beirut estimated use of white phosphorus has led to more than 134 forest fires as of June 2024 burning 1,500 hectares (15,000,000 m2) of land.[339] As of 28 May 2024, the Lebanese Ministry of Public Health said that exposure to white phosphorus had injured at least 173 people.[497]
Targeting of medical and religious sites
The targeting of hospitals, as well as religious sites, constitutes a war crime.[499] Lebanese health minister Firass Abiad said that 163 rescuers and health workers were killed and 273 others were injured in Lebanon since the start of Israel-Hezbollah conflict.[500] Human Rights Watch stated that Israel's "repeated" attacks on medical workers and healthcare facilities were apparent war crimes.[501]
The IDF shelled Meiss Ej Jabal Hospital, injuring a doctor on 10 November 2023. The missiles did not explode but caused damage to the emergency department and several cars. Lebanon's Ministry of Public Health condemned the attack, saying that "Israeli authorities were fully responsible for this unjustifiable act, which would have led to catastrophic results", and called for an investigation.[186] Days before, four people were reportedly injured after an Israeli bombing that hit two ambulances. The Lebanese National News Agency said that an Israeli drone strike hit two ambulances belonging to the Risala Scout Association, which is affiliated with the Amal Movement.[177]
On 26 December 2023, an anti-tank missile shot by Hezbollah fighters from Lebanon damaged a shed in a church compound in Iqrit, but not the church itself, wounding an elderly civilian.[502] As IDF troops and medical services were working to evacuate him, they were hit by further missiles, which resulted in nine soldiers being wounded, one of them seriously.[503][504]
On 11 January 2024, the IDF conducted strikes in the town of Hanine and targeted an emergency center affiliated with the Hezbollah-linked Islamic Health Authority. The attack killed two workers from the rescue force and destroyed an ambulance.[505] Other attacks on Islamic Health Authority centers occurred in Kafr Kila, Odaisseh and Blida killed 7 paramedic and rescue workers and destroyed 17 ambulances.[506]
On 27 March 2024, an Israeli airstrike targeted a paramedic center affiliated with the Islamic Group in Hebbariye, killing seven volunteer paramedics. The airstrike was condemned by the Lebanese Ministry of Health.[291] Later in the day, Israeli airstrikes in Tayr Harfa killed two paramedics from the Islamic Health Society, while strikes in Naqoura killed one from the Amal Movement-affiliated Islamic Risala Scout Association.[293] On 7 May 2024, Human Rights Watch declared the 27 March incident as an unlawful attack on civilians and said that they did not find any evidence of military targets at the site that was targeted. Investigations also showed that the IDF used an MPR 500 missile to conduct the raid.[507]
On 27 May 2024, an Israeli airstrike near Salah Ghandour Hospital in Bint Jbeil killed three civilians. WHO in Lebanon condemned the attack and called for the protection of hospitals and healthcare workers.[508] In October 2024, the head of Lebanon's Civil Defence in the south said Israel was specifically attacking health workers, stating, "We have had 40 ambulances which have been completely destroyed. On top of that 24 rescuing stations have been hit - just in this area."[509] Lebanese health officials stated on 5 October 2024 that fifty health officials had been killed in the prior 72 hours.[510] Lebanon's health minister Firas Abiad stated the attacks were war crimes and part of Israel's systematic targeting of Lebanon's healthcare system.[511] A November 2024 investigation found Israel had struck in "lethal proximity" to nineteen different hospitals in Lebanon.[512]
Use of booby-trapped devices
Experts warned the 2024 Lebanon pager explosions potentially violated international humanitarian law.[513] Josep Borrell, the European Union's High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, questioned the legality of the pager attacks due to their high collateral damage among civilians, including the deaths of children. Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert, the United Nations Special Coordinator for Lebanon, also raised concerns that the attacks were illegal. Belgian deputy prime minister Petra De Sutter went further, calling it a "terror attack."[514] Volker Turk, the UN human rights chief, stated, "International humanitarian law prohibits the use of booby-trap devices in the form of apparently harmless portable objects".[515]
Booby traps are mostly outlawed under the Protocol on Mines, Booby-Traps and Other Devices ("Amended Protocol II") of the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons,[514] to which Israel is a party.[516] Article 7, paragraph 2 of Amended Protocol II prohibits the use of "booby-traps or other devices in the form of apparently harmless portable objects which are specifically designed and constructed to contain explosive material."[514][516][517] The rules of engagement of some countries, such as the United Kingdom, also ban explosive devices disguised as harmless items.[518] The United States Department of Defense Law of War Manual gives watches, cameras, tobacco pipes, and headphones as examples of such items,[516] which are prohibited to "prevent the production of large quantities of dangerous objects that can be scattered around and are likely to be attractive to civilians, especially children".[514][519]
On 22 September 2024, Israeli President Isaac Herzog denied any Israeli involvement in the explosions.[424]
Hezbollah war crimes
Killing of Israeli civilians
The elimination of the State of Israel has been a primary goal for Hezbollah. Hezbollah has been accused of "only [regarding] the Jews living in Israel as Zionists, who should be killed".[520] Throughout the war Hezbollah announces the targeting of civilian homes.[521] On 12 November 2023, Hezbollah fired an anti-tank missile killing an employee of the Israel Electric Corporation who was conducting repair work and injured 13 other Israelis, including six other employees of the Israeli Electric Corporation.[522][189][190]
The most notable of Hezbollah's attacks on civilians was on 27 July 2024 in the Majdal Shams attack, when Hezbollah fired an Iranian-made Falaq-1 rocket at Majdal Shams, a Druze town in the Golan Heights. The rocket hit a football pitch killing 12 Druze children and injuring at least 42 others.[523][524][366]
Another attack by Hezbollah resulted in civilian casualties on 9 July 2024, when a rocket struck a couple's car just south of their hometown of Ortal.[525] Additionally, a couple walking their dog in Kiryat Shmona was killed by shrapnel from a Hezbollah rocket on 9 October 2024.[526]
On 26 December 2023, a Hezbollah anti-tank missile impacted near a Channel 13 News team while they were interviewing a farmer at Dovev for an article following a prior Hezbollah assault that killed a 56-year-old employee of the Israel Electric Corporation, and injured five workers who were repairing electric lines.[527]
Accusations of Hezbollah using human shields
There have been claims that Hezbollah has intentionally drawn fire to Christian areas in southern Lebanon.[528] Christians in the town of Rmaich clashed with Hezbollah due to the organization's attempts to establish military infrastructure in the town. The residents also wrote a complaint letter.[528] On 26 March 2024, civilians in Rmaich confronted militants and rang their church bells after Hezbollah attempted to place rocket launchers in the town. Hezbollah denied trying to fire rockets from Rmaich.[529]
The Lebanese Kataeb Party criticized Hezbollah for allegedly storing weapons between houses stating that "Hiding weapons between houses does not support Gaza" after an IDF strike on Hezbollah infrastructure in Adloun. Rockets were still exploding about an hour after the strike was reported and the blasts lightly injured three citizens as shrapnel from the explosions flew to surrounding villages. These ammunition depots "open the door to Israeli attacks and turn the Lebanese into human shields", the Kataeb party said.[530]
According to IDF's Arabic spokesman, Avichay Adraee, Hezbollah-run yellow ambulances have been used to transport fighters and weapons. The Islamic Health Authority's website says it has "provided services for the activity of the Hezbollah fighters against the Zionist occupation."[531] According to UNIFIL, Hezbollah has used the environmental NGO "Green Without Borders" to provide direct cover for Hezbollah's military operations by "unlawful construction of military outposts along the Blue Line."[532] Hezbollah has also launched rockets form UNIFL positions. The IDF reported that 25 rockets were launched from UNIFL positions in October 2024 and said that it discovered hundreds of weapons, including firearms, grenades, and rocket launchers, stored in compounds located near UNIFIL posts in southern Lebanon.[533]
After the 20 September 2024 Beirut attack which killed major Redwan Force commanders in the densely populated Dahieh suburbs, Daniel Hagari said that the commanders were holding a meeting "gathered underground under a residential building in the heart of the Dahieh neighbourhood, hiding among Lebanese civilians, using them as human shields."[534]
On 23 September 2024, the IDF began posting pictures and videos of what it claimed was evidence of Hezbollah placing weapons in people’s homes.[535][536] They also released video footage of secondary explosions after targeting buildings which it says are from Hezbollah munitions stored in residential areas.[537]
Reactions
.jpg){kind=icon}
Lebanon
On 6 November 2023, in response to the killing of four civilians in southern Lebanon, Prime Minister Najib Mikati announced that his government would submit an urgent complaint to the UN Security Council against Israel saying that its "targeting of civilians in its aggression against Lebanon" was a "heinous crime".[538]
Samir Geagea, the leader of a main Christian political party, blamed Hezbollah for attacking Israel and said that it harmed Lebanon while having no impact on Israel's Gaza offensive.[539]
Public opinion
| Date | Shi'ite | Sunni | Christian |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 89% | 8% | 16% |
| 2023 (November) | 93% | 34% | 29% |
As tensions heightened on 8 October 2023 near the Lebanese border, former prime minister Fouad Siniora stressed that Lebanon should not be involved "in any hostilities with the Israeli enemy".[541]
Between 7–9 October 2023, many politicians of long-established Christian parties in Lebanon took a stance against Hezbollah's involvement as well. Pierre Bou Assi, a member of the Lebanese Forces' Strong Republic bloc highlighted the kidnapping of two IDF soldiers which led to the 2006 Lebanon war saying, "Hassan Nasrallah promised, in early July, that the summer would be quiet and thriving—but a few days later, Hezbollah kidnapped two Israeli soldiers and the July war broke out".[541] The Kataeb Party took a similar stance and condemned the use of Lebanese territory by non-state actors for launching attacks on Israel.[541][better source needed]
On 4 December 2023, Hamas announced the organization's official establishment in Lebanon. The Lebanon-based unit was named the “al-Aqsa Flood Vanguards unit”.[542][543] The establishment of the Vanguards during the 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel faced severe criticism from various political figures and factions within Lebanon. Many argued that such an organization, with potential military implications, could infringe upon Lebanon's sovereignty and violate international resolutions, particularly the Taif Agreement. Critics, including members of the Christian Lebanese Forces Party and other political figures, voiced concerns about a potential recurrence of historical issues related to armed Palestinian factions operating from Lebanese territory.[543][24]
Screens at Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport were hacked allegedly by the Christian group Jnud al-Rab to display an anti-Hezbollah message. Jnud al-Rab denied any involvement.[544]
On 28 January 2024, Bechara Boutros al-Rahi, Maronite Patriarch and head of the Maronite Church, stated that residents of southern Lebanon refuse to be used as "sacrificial lambs" in what he described as a "culture of death", implicitly referencing Hezbollah's border activities. He described the hardships faced by the people, including psychological strain and disrupted education for children, and said they refuse to be hostages or human shields.[545]
On 24 March 2024, a video showed a nun at a Lebanese Christian school asking students to pray for Hezbollah men defending Lebanon. The video went viral, with some praising the video and others criticizing it.[546]
Palestinians in Shatila refugee camp told Al Jazeera that they would fight on the side of Hezbollah and the Axis of Resistance in a war against Israel, but worried for their families and civilians as they feared that Israel would deliberately target densely populated civilian areas.[547]
Iraq
On 9 January 2024, the Kata'ib Hezbollah spokesperson Jafar al-Husseini warned that the Islamic Resistance in Iraq would help Hezbollah fight Israel if war erupted between the two sides.[548] This statement was a few weeks after the Islamic Resistance in Iraq claimed responsibility for a drone attack on a Karish rig which Lebanon claims to hold sovereignty to.[549] On 23 June 2024, the spokesperson to Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada Kadhem al-Fartousi said the brigade will join Hezbollah's side if Israel decides to launch a full-blown war in Lebanon.[550][551]
On 24 June 2024, Qais al-Khazali, the leader of Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq, stated in a televised speech that if the US continued to support Israel in expanding the war to Lebanon and Hezbollah, the group would begin to attack US interests in Iraq and the Middle East.[552]
United States
On 4 November 2023, United States Secretary of State Antony Blinken thanked prime minister Najib Mikati during a meeting in Amman "in preventing Lebanon from being pulled into a war that the Lebanese people do not want".[553] United States Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin expressed concern about Israel's role in ongoing tensions with Lebanon.[554]
On 30 September 2024, the Pentagon said it would be deploying a "few thousand" more troops to the Middle East.[555] On 1 October 2024, Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin told Israeli defense minister Yoav Gallant that the United States supports Israel's ground offensive against Hezbollah in southern Lebanon.[9]
The U.S. Embassy in Beirut announced on 27 September 2024 that it was "not evacuating U.S. citizens at this time."[556] In response, U.S. Representative Rashida Tlaib stated, the State Department was "leaving Americans behind and failing to protect their own citizens".[557] American citizens in Lebanon stated they were being treated like "lesser US citizens".[558] Lebanese Americans filed a class-action lawsuit against the State Department in the hopes of expediting an evacuation.[559]
Other states
French Armed Forces Minister Sébastien Lecornu announced that France would donate dozens of armoured vehicles to the Lebanese military to help it carry out patrol missions.[560]
Since June 2024, the foreign ministries of Canada,[561] Kuwait,[562] Germany, the Netherlands[563] and North Macedonia[564] issued statements urging their citizens to leave Lebanon due to fears of an escalation of the conflict. The Canadian Armed Forces said that it was planning to evacuate its 20,000 citizens from Lebanon in the event of an escalation, although it would require support from its allies.[565]
On 8 November 2023, two men were arrested by Brazilian police in São Paulo following a warning from Mossad that Hezbollah was planning an attack against the country's Jewish community. Searches were also conducted in Brasilia and Minas Gerais in connection with the alleged plot.[566]
Economic
As a result of the fighting, Swiss International Air Lines and Lufthansa suspended flights to Beirut, while Lebanon's flag carrier Middle East Airlines relocated five of its 24 aircraft to Istanbul as a precaution. Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom advised against travelling to Lebanon, whilst the British embassy withdrew family members of its staff.[567]
Humanitarian response
The Lebanon Humanitarian Fund launched its reserve allocation that includes up to four million US dollars to support its partners to help aid those who have been displaced or still in conflict zones.[568]
See also
Notes
- ^ Fired by Netanyahu as defense minister on 5 November 2024
- ^ With 521 Hezbollah deaths confirmed as of 18 November 2024,[1] including 67 in Syria,[2] Archived 14 January 2024 at the Wayback Machine[3] a total of 449 were confirmed to have died in Lebanon
- ^ (per Hezbollah, Hamas, PIJ and Lebanese Health Ministry)[36]
- 449+ Hezbollah members in Lebanon[b] (including 2 Saraya personnel)[10]
- 40 Palestinian militants 25 killed (8 Oct 2023–31 March 2024; on the border),[4] 7 killed (2 Jan 2024; in Beirut),[5] 7 killed (3 April–15 June 2024; on the border),[6][7][8][9][10] and a Hamas official assassinated on 9 August,[37] total of 40 reported killed
- 20 Amal Movement members[38][39][40]
- 16 Islamic Group members[41][42][43]
- 3 Islamic Azz Brigades fighters[1]
- 43 Lebanese security forces members[44][45][46]
- 1 Eagles of the Whirlwind fighter[47]
- 294+ civilians (including 220+ children)[48][49][50][51]
- ^ (per Syrian Observatory for Human Rights)[57][58]
- 278 Iran-backed militiamen
- 81 Hezbollah fighters
- 76 Syrian soldiers
- 28 IRGC soldiers
- 7 unidentified people
- 65 civilians
- ^ Include all respondents who answered "very positive" and "somewhat positive"
References
- ^ a b c "Iran Update, January 14, 2024". Institute for the Study of War. Archived from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
- ^ Ari, Lior Ben (8 February 2024). "Lebanese Amal movement opposed to Israel but otherwise independent". Ynetnews. Archived from the original on 7 October 2024. Retrieved 4 October 2024.
- ^ a b Nada Homsi (31 October 2023). "'We're with the resistance': Hezbollah allies the Fajr Forces join Lebanon-Israel front". The National. Archived from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
- ^ a b c "القومي أعلن استشهاد أحد مقاتليه وسام محمد سليم" [The SSNP announced the martyrdom of one of its fighters, Wissam Muhammad Salim]. National News Agency (in Arabic). 12 December 2023. Archived from the original on 15 December 2023. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
- ^ "Hamas says 3 members who infiltrated Israel from Lebanon were killed in IAF strike". The Times of Israel. 14 October 2023. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
- ^ Fabian, Emanuel (9 October 2023). "Officer, 2 soldiers killed in clash with terrorists on Lebanon border; mortars fired". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
- ^ a b "Iran Update, September 25, 2024". Institute for the Study of War. Archived from the original on 26 September 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ "Three PLFP leaders killed in strike in Kola district of Beirut". The Jerusalem Post. 30 September 2024. Archived from the original on 30 September 2024. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
- ^ a b "US out of step as world reacts to Israel's ground offensive into Lebanon". Al Jazeera. 1 October 2024. Archived from the original on 1 October 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
- ^ a b "Two Resistance Brigades members killed by Israeli shelling". Naharnet. 23 October 2023. Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
- ^ ""Lebanese Resistance Brigades" targets the Roueisat al-Qarn site with missile weapons, achieves direct hit". National News Agency. 12 July 2024.
- ^ Antonios, Zeina (November 2023). Here's what we know about Hezbollah's elite al-Radwan unit Archived 20 November 2023 at the Wayback Machine today.lorientlejour.com
- ^ "IDF confirms attack on Hezbollah-linked Iranian militia members in Lebanon". The Times of Israel. 2 March 2024. Archived from the original on 11 April 2024. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
- ^ "Iran Update, September 23, 2024". Institute for the Study of War. Archived from the original on 24 September 2024. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
- ^ "Iran Update, July 5, 2024". Institute for the Study of War.
- ^ "IRAN UPDATE, JULY 8, 2024". ISW Press. 8 July 2024. Archived from the original on 11 July 2024. Retrieved 11 July 2024.
- ^ "Iran Update, September 24, 2024". Institute for the Study of War. Archived from the original on 26 September 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ "IDF kills key member of Hezbollah air defense in strike deep inside Lebanon". The Times of Israel. 6 July 2024. Archived from the original on 6 July 2024. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
- ^ a b "Iran Update, July 18, 2024". Institute for the Study of War. Archived from the original on 19 July 2024. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
- ^ "Iran Update, August 5, 2024". Institute for the Study of War.
- ^ חדשות (16 November 2023). "צה"ל תוקף בלבנון אחרי שפצמ"רים שוגרו לעבר מוצב בגליל העליון". Ynet (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 17 November 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
- ^ a b "Iran Update, October 25, 2023". Institute for the Study of War. 25 October 2023. Archived from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
- ^ "Syrian air defenses intercept Israeli strikes in vicinity of Damascus, state media says". Arab News PK. 28 February 2024.
- ^ a b c d Rabih, Mounir (6 December 2023). "Al-Aqsa Flood Vanguards unit: 'Hamasland' in south Lebanon?". l'Orient Today. Archived from the original on 7 December 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
- ^ "Hezbollah Blitz Forces IDF To Transfer Largest Military Division To Lebanon Border From Gaza". Hindustan Times. 12 February 2024. Archived from the original on 12 February 2024. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
- ^ a b "אמתי גרנות, בנו של ראש ישיבת 'אורות שאול', נהרג מפגיעת טיל נ"ט בגבול הצפון". Arutz Sheva (in Hebrew). 15 October 2023. Archived from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
- ^ a b "Two Israelis murdered by Hezbollah anti-tank fire, IDF strikes Lebanon". The Jerusalem Post. 15 October 2023. Archived from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
- ^ "Israeli soldier succumbs to wounds sustained in Hezbollah attack". Al Jazeera. 18 July 2024.
- ^ "Israel's war on Gaza updates: Troops met with Hamas fire in Rafah operation: Israel–Palestine conflict". Al Jazeera. 9 May 2024. Archived from the original on 1 July 2024. Retrieved 9 May 2024.
- ^ a b "Cleared for publication: Deputy IDF Commander killed on Lebanon border". Israel National News. 9 October 2023. Archived from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
- ^ a b "Lebanon drone kills IDF soldier; Hezbollah, IDF continue tensions". The Jerusalem Post. 16 December 2023. Archived from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
- ^ Tom O'Connor (19 March 2024). "Hezbollah "ready to resist" new Israeli unit sent to Lebanon, Syria borders". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 20 March 2024. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
- ^ "Israeli soldier killed in northern Israel". Al Jazeera. 6 June 2024. Archived from the original on 6 June 2024. Retrieved 6 June 2024.
- ^ "Soldier killed as Hezbollah fires 200 rockets, 20 drones in major attack on north". Times of Israel. 4 July 2024. Archived from the original on 4 July 2024. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
- ^ Mallo, Charbel; Qiblawi, Tamara; Diamond, Jeremy; Kent, Lauren; Picheta, Rob; Edwards, Christian; Regan, Helen (17 September 2024). "Israel behind deadly pager explosions that targeted Hezbollah and injured thousands in Lebanon". CNN. Archived from the original on 19 September 2024. Retrieved 22 September 2024.
- ^ a b "Lebanon death toll rises". Al Jazeera. 24 November 2024.
At least 3,754 people have been killed and 15,626 wounded in Israeli attacks on Lebanon since October 8, 2023, Lebanon's Health Ministry says. Of those, 84 were killed and 213 wounded in the latest 24-hour reporting period, the ministry added on X.
- ^ Nils Adler; Farah Najjar (9 August 2024). "Hamas official killed in Israeli attack in Lebanon's Sidon: Reports". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
- ^ Hamadi, Ghadir; Abdallah, Muntasser; Frakes, Nicholas; Hankins, Amelia (22 April 2024). "283 bodies recovered from mass grave at Nasser Hospital; Hezbollah shoots down Israeli drone: Day 199 of the Gaza war". L'Orient Today. Archived from the original on 22 April 2024. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
- ^ Le Poidevin, Olivia (6 June 2024). "Concerns grow as more health and rescue workers killed in Israeli strikes in southern Lebanon". L'Orient Today.
- ^ Abdallah, Muntasser; Sejaan, Marguerita; Frakes, Nicholas; Abou Aljoud, Sally; Chaaban, Tasnim; Abu-Fadel, Romy (14 June 2024). "Gallant rejects French initiative for peace on the Israeli–Lebanese border: Day 252 of the Gaza war". L'Orient Today. Archived from the original on 20 June 2024. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
- ^ a b Three killed in south Lebanon strikes, arrests in murder of transwoman, TikToker drug smuggler: Everything you need to know to start your Wednesday Archived 22 May 2024 at the Wayback Machine L'Orient Today (22 May 2024)
- ^ Yassine, Mohammed; Hayek, Caroline (27 March 2024). "In Hebbarieh, villagers enter the war against their will". L'Orient Today.
- ^ Al Joud, Sally Abou; Dagher, Layal; El Hage, Anne-Marie (22 June 2024). "Israel fires 2 missiles at eastern edge of Saida: Gaza war, day 260". L'Orient Today. Archived from the original on 24 June 2024. Retrieved 24 June 2024.
- ^ "Lebanon military says one soldier killed, 18 hurt in Israeli strike on army centre". Reuters – via Deccan Herald.
- ^ "Lebanese army says soldier dies after Israeli attack on vehicle in south". Agence France Presse. 20 November 2024 – via Al Arabiya.
- ^ "Israeli strike kills 3 Lebanese soldiers, army says". Associated Press. 19 November 2024.
- ^ "3 Hezbollah fighters killed in Lebanon–Israel border confrontations". Xinhua News Agency. 2 January 2024. Archived from the original on 8 January 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
- ^ "At least 16 people killed by Israel strikes across Lebanon". Middle East Eye. 14 November 2024. Retrieved 14 November 2024.
- ^ Robinson, Lou (24 August 2024). "Hezbollah: What weapons does it have? A visual guide". CNN. Archived from the original on 24 August 2024. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
Around 150 civilians have been killed in Israeli strikes, according to CNN's analysis of publicly available figures.
- ^ "Lebanon says 10 Syrians killed in Israeli strike on south". France 24. 17 August 2024. Archived from the original on 17 August 2024. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
- ^ a b Marsi, Federica (24 September 2024). "Death toll in Israeli attacks on Lebanon rises: Health Ministry". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 24 September 2024. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
The death toll from Israeli attacks across Lebanon since Monday has risen to 558, including 50 children and 94 women, according to Lebanon's Health Minister Firass Abiad. He added that at least 1,835 people were wounded in Israeli air raids that hit Beirut and southern Lebanon.
- ^ Uras, Umut; Siddiqui, Usaid (22 October 2024). "Latest casualty figures from Israeli attacks on Lebanon". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
These are the latest casualty figures issued by the Lebanese Health Ministry: At least 1,952 people have been killed since Israel escalated its attacks on Lebanon in mid-September. At least 2,546 people in Lebanon have been killed, including at least 140 children and 270 women, and 11,862 wounded since the start of Israeli-Hezbollah cross-border attacks in October last year.
- ^ "الصحة اللبنانية تعلن حصيلة جديدة لضحايا العدوان الإسرائيلي". Al Jazeera Arabic (in Arabic). 28 September 2024. Archived from the original on 5 October 2024. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
- ^ Adler, Nils (15 October 2024). "Lebanon says 41 killed in Israeli attacks on Monday". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 15 October 2024.
The newest figures bring the overall death toll since Israel on September 23 launched an intense air campaign in Lebanon to 1,356.
- ^ "وزير خارجية لبنان: نصر الله قبِل وقف إطلاق النار مع إسرائيل قبل اغتياله". Al Jazeera Arabic (in Arabic). 3 October 2024. Archived from the original on 7 October 2024. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
- ^ Berman, Lazar (10 November 2024). "In first, Netanyahu said to admit Israel carried out pager attacks on Hezbollah". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
The IDF estimates that some 3,000 Hezbollah operatives have been killed in the conflict.
- ^ "Death toll update: Three civilians including woman and her son killed in Israeli airstrikes on the vicinity of Aleppo international airport". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 31 December 2023. Archived from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
- ^ a b "Highest death toll ever in Israeli attacks in Syria 92 people, mostly Syrians, killed in airstrikes on Palmyra". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 22 November 2024. Retrieved 22 November 2024.
- ^ a b "Authorities name 804 soldiers, 68 police officers killed in Gaza war". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
Twenty-eight soldiers and a local security officer have also been killed in attacks claimed by Lebanon's Hezbollah and allied terror groups on northern Israel since the fighting started. 48 soldiers were killed during ground operations in Lebanon... The military's list also includes... a soldier killed due to malfunctioning ammunition on the Lebanon border, two soldiers killed in a tank accident in northern Israel...
- ^ "Man killed by rocket fire from Lebanon, Israeli rescue service says". Haaretz. 21 November 2024.
- ^ "71-year-old Israeli civilian killed in Lebanon after joining IDF troops without approval". The Times of Israel. 20 November 2024. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
- ^ "Lebanese official says Hezbollah agrees to US ceasefire proposal with 'comments'". The Times of Israel. 19 November 2024. Retrieved 19 November 2024.
- ^ "Violence spikes in West Bank as Blinken aims to limit spread of conflict". NBC News. 7 January 2024. Archived from the original on 8 January 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
Hezbollah began attacking Israel's northern border in October, targeting Israeli vehicles, command centers and settlements. The militant group alleged in an infographic on Saturday that it caused 2,000 Israeli casualties
- ^ "Lebanon - Mobility Snapshot - Round 58 - 31-10-2024". IOM. Retrieved 3 November 2024.
- ^ Motamedi, Maziar; Uras, Umut (25 October 2024). "Ceasefire is Lebanon's priority, says PM Mikati". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 25 October 2024.
Lebanon's caretaker PM Mikati says his government's priority is reaching "a ceasefire and deterring the Israeli aggression". In a meeting with Blinken, he said there are more than 1.4 million people who have been displaced from the areas that are being attacked by Israel.
- ^ a b "Dangerous stasis on Israel's northern border leaves evacuees in limbo". Reuters. 11 January 2024. Archived from the original on 9 February 2024. Retrieved 8 July 2024.
- ^ a b "Israeli military escalation on Lebanon | 216 Syrian refugees killed in Israeli strikes on Lebanon in 50 days". The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. 5 November 2024.
- ^ a b Goldenberg, Tia; Shurafa, Wafaa (8 October 2023). "Hezbollah and Israel exchange fire as Israeli soldiers battle Hamas on second day of surprise attack". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
- ^ "Israel, Hezbollah exchange artillery, rocket fire". Reuters. 8 October 2023. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
- ^ "Around one million Lebanese displaced by Israeli attacks, official says". Ynetnews. Reuters. 28 September 2024. Archived from the original on 7 October 2024. Retrieved 29 September 2024.
- ^ "110,099 displaced from southern Lebanon since Oct. 8, 2023". L'Orient Today. 19 August 2024. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
- ^ a b "Mapping 11 months of Israel-Lebanon cross-border attacks". Al Jazeera. 11 September 2024. Archived from the original on 19 September 2024. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
- ^ Fevrier, Tom; El Chmouri, Omar; Kao, Jason; Kim, Kyle; Janicki, Julia (28 September 2024). "How Israel and Hezbollah Are Slipping Closer to All-Out War". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ "Implementation of Security Council resolution 1701 (2006) during the period from 21 June to 20 October 2023 - Report of the Secretary-General (S/2024/222) [EN/AR/RU/ZH] - Lebanon". reliefweb.int. 19 March 2024. Archived from the original on 28 September 2024. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
- ^ Harvey, Lex (6 October 2024). "Live updates: Israel strikes Lebanon as region braces for response to Iran". CNN. Archived from the original on 6 October 2024. Retrieved 6 October 2024.
- ^ "'Northern Arrows': IDF announces the name of operation in Lebanon". The Jerusalem Post. 23 September 2024. Archived from the original on 24 September 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ "Live updates: Thousands flee homes in Lebanon as toll from Israeli strikes rises to 558, officials say". Washington Post. 24 September 2024. Archived from the original on 24 September 2024. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
- ^ a b "Hezbollah confirms its leader Hassan Nasrallah was killed in an Israeli airstrike". Associated Press. 28 September 2024. Archived from the original on 28 September 2024. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
- ^ a b
- Sales, Ben (1 October 2024). "Israel's Third Lebanon War is underway: What you need to know". Times of Israel. Retrieved 6 October 2024.
- "Events in North amount to 'Third Lebanon War,' security official says". Jerusalem Post. 23 September 2024. Archived from the original on 6 October 2024. Retrieved 6 October 2024.
- Lex Harvey; Sana Noor Haq; Antoinette Radford; Elise Hammond; Aditi Sangal (30 September 2024). "Live updates: Hezbollah leader's killing escalates war with Israel". CNN. Archived from the original on 30 September 2024. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
- "Israeli Special Forces Launch Raids Into Lebanon Ahead of Expected Ground Incursion". The Wall Street Journal. 30 September 2024. Archived from the original on 30 September 2024. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
- "Live updates: Israeli ground operation in Lebanon appears to have begun, U.S. officials say". NBC News. 30 September 2024. Archived from the original on 30 September 2024. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
- "Israeli military says 'limited' operation against Hezbollah targets in southern Lebanon has begun". Associated Press. 30 September 2024. Archived from the original on 5 October 2024. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
- ^ "Who are Hezbollah?". BBC. 4 July 2010. Archived from the original on 10 May 2020. Retrieved 17 September 2024.
- ^ "Arab–Israeli Conflict". Encarta Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 28 October 2009. Retrieved 13 July 2008.
- ^ "UN Chief Says Israel Is Completely Out of Lebanon". Google News. Retrieved 20 September 2014.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "What the Struggle Over a Cease-Fire Could Mean for US-Israeli Unilateralism". Institute for Palestinian Studies. Archived from the original on 9 October 2007. Retrieved 13 July 2008.
- ^ Levin, Andrea (8 August 2006). "Death and destruction are Hezbollah's goals". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on 2 March 2010. Retrieved 13 July 2008.
- ^ Adam Shatz (29 April 2004). "In Search of Hezbollah". The New York Review of Books. Archived from the original on 22 August 2006. Retrieved 14 August 2006.
- ^ United Nations Document A/54/723 S/2000/55, citing Al Hayyat, 30 October 1999 Letter dated 25 January 2000 from the Permanent Representative of Israel to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General Archived 10 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 17 August 2006
- ^ Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Canada Listed Entities – Hizballah Archived 19 November 2006 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 31 July 2006
- ^ Sheikh Hassan Izz al-Din, Hezbollah media relations director, said, "[T]he Jews need to leave." Avi Jovisch, Beacon of Hatred: Inside Hizballah's Al-Manar Television (Washington, D.C.: The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 2004), pp. 62–90. qtd. by Wistrich, A Lethal Obsession, p. 774
- ^ "Civilians under Assault: Hezbollah's Rocket Attacks on Israel in the 2006 War: Hezbollah's Justifications for Attacks on Civilian Areas". Human Rights Watch. 2007. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ "Jordan - Middle East, 1967-Civil War". Britannica. 24 September 2024. Archived from the original on 24 September 2024. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
- ^ Jawhar, Souhayb (17 October 2022). "Lebanon: New Strategic Base for Hamas". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Archived from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
- ^ Mroue, Bassem (14 July 2023). "Growing tensions over Israel-Lebanon border village fuel fears of more violence". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 7 October 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
- ^ "Fears of split in Israeli-Lebanon border village". BBC News. 17 November 2010. Archived from the original on 7 October 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
- ^ "UN report says IDF tank fire killed 'clearly identifiable' reporter". The Jerusalem Post. 13 March 2024. Archived from the original on 16 September 2024. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
- ^ a b "'Flagrant violation': Danny Danon demands UNSC condemn Hezbollah, enforce resolution 1701". The Jerusalem Post. 26 August 2024. Archived from the original on 23 September 2024. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
- ^ a b "Implementation of Security Council resolution 1701 (2006) during the period from 21 February to 20 June 2023" (PDF). UN Security Council Resolutions. 13 July 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 September 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ Dagres, Holly (1 March 2024). "As fighting along the Lebanon-Israel border escalates, diplomats scramble to head off a war". Atlantic Council. Archived from the original on 7 October 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
- ^ "Lebanon FM calls for implementation of Resolution 1701 to end Israel-Hezbollah tensions". Times of Israel. 8 January 2024. Archived from the original on 19 April 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
- ^ "Senior UN diplomat says Hizbullah violating terms of cease-fire". The Jerusalem Post. 23 July 2009. Archived from the original on 26 September 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ "What is the 2006 UN resolution that some hope could help to end the Israel-Hezbollah conflict?". Associated Press. 26 September 2024. Archived from the original on 8 October 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
- ^ "Lebanese environmental group accused of being Hezbollah arm". Associated Press. 25 January 2023. Archived from the original on 30 September 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
- ^ a b Jones, Seth G.; Byman, Daniel; Palmer, Alexander; McCabe, Riley (21 March 2024). "The Coming Conflict with Hezbollah". CSIS Briefs. Center for Strategic & International Studies. Archived from the original on 13 April 2024. Retrieved 11 April 2024.
- ^ "Moves at a small border village hike Israel-Hezbollah tensions at a time of regional jitters". Associated Press. 14 July 2023. Archived from the original on 2 October 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
- ^ "Why is there a disputed border between Lebanon and Israel?". Al Jazeera. 13 July 2023. Archived from the original on 26 September 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
- ^ Taleb, Wael (7 July 2023). "About Ghajar, the disputed village occupied by Israel". L'Orient Today. Archived from the original on 7 October 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
- ^ "Security Council Extends Unifil Mandate for Six Months, to 31 January 2002". United Nations Information Service Vienna. 1 August 2001. Archived from the original on 20 November 2004. Retrieved 14 March 2011.
- ^ "UN Questions Usefulness of Peacekeepers". Global Policy Forum. Christian Science Monitor. 30 July 2002. Archived from the original on 19 May 2009. Retrieved 14 March 2011.
- ^ "UN to Israel: stop Lebanon airspace violations". Middle East Online. 30 November 2007. Archived from the original on 14 July 2011. Retrieved 14 March 2011.
- ^ "Israel flew in Lebanese airspace over 22,000 times in last 15 years - study". The Jerusalem Post. 12 June 2022. Archived from the original on 30 September 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ Chulov, Martin (9 June 2022). "Huge scale and impact of Israeli incursions over Lebanon skies revealed". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 4 October 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ a b "Israel says more than 30 rockets fired from southern Lebanon". Al Jazeera. 6 April 2023. Archived from the original on 6 April 2023. Retrieved 6 April 2023.
- ^ a b c Greene, Richard Allen; Gold, Hadas; Qiblawi, Tamara (6 April 2023). "Dozens of rockets fired from Lebanon into Israel after raids on al-Aqsa mosque". CNN. Archived from the original on 6 April 2023. Retrieved 6 April 2023.
- ^ Emanuel Fabian (15 July 2023). "Lebanese lawmaker leads group across Israeli border; IDF fires warning shots". Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 27 December 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- ^ a b "Hezbollah fires on Israel after several members killed in shelling". Al Jazeera. Al-Jazeera. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 15 June 2024. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
- ^ "Violence escalates between Israel and Lebanon's Hezbollah amid Gaza assault". Al Jazeera. 10 December 2023. Archived from the original on 26 September 2024. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
- ^ "Mapping 10,000 cross-border attacks between Israel and Lebanon". Al Jazeera. 25 September 2024. Archived from the original on 26 September 2024. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
- ^ a b "Israeli strikes in Lebanon kill three including Hezbollah commander, sources say". Reuters. 16 April 2024. Retrieved 24 April 2024.
- ^ "Lebanon: Flash Update #25 – Escalation of hostilities in South Lebanon, as of 23 August 2024 – Lebanon". United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. 27 August 2024. Archived from the original on 23 September 2024. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
- ^ Keller-Lynn, Carrie (27 July 2024). "Deadly Rocket Strike on Soccer Field Raises Risk of Escalation with Hezbollah". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 28 July 2024. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
- ^ Beaumont, Peter (21 August 2024). "Hezbollah launches barrage of rockets and drones towards Israel". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 26 September 2024. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
- ^ "The Hezbollah pager attacks prove that Israel has no strategy for peace". The Independent. 19 September 2024. Archived from the original on 20 September 2024. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
- ^ "Netanyahu on Hezbollah: We're not waiting for threats, we're pre-empting them". The Jerusalem Post. 23 September 2024. Archived from the original on 25 September 2024. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
- ^ "Lebanon FM fears intensification of Israeli Hezbollah offensive". BBC. 13 May 2024. Archived from the original on 26 September 2024. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
- ^ "Bowen: Tactical triumph for Israel, but Hezbollah won't be deterred". BBC. 18 September 2024. Archived from the original on 23 September 2024. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
- ^ "Gallant threatens Hezbollah: 'What we can do in Gaza, we can do in Beirut'". The Jerusalem Post. 11 November 2023. Archived from the original on 26 September 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ "Gallant warns: If Hezbollah isn't deterred, Israel can 'copy-paste' Gaza war to Beirut". The Times of Israel. 8 January 2024.
- ^ "Gallant's US trip strengthens potential challenge to Israel's Netanyahu". Al Jazeera. 26 June 2024. Archived from the original on 8 October 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ "Israel, Hezbollah exchange fire raising regional tensions". Al Jazeera. 8 October 2023. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
- ^ Fabian, Emanuel (8 October 2023). "IDF artillery strikes targets in Lebanon as mortar shells fired toward Israel". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
- ^ "Israel Army Fires Artillery at Lebanon as Hezbollah Claims Attack". Asharq Al-Awsat. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
- ^ "Watch: Israeli bombing of Lebanese towns". MTV Lebanon. 9 October 2023. Archived from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
- ^ a b "Israeli military says its troops killed gunmen who infiltrated from Lebanon". Reuters. 9 October 2023. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
- ^ Zitun, Yoav (9 October 2023). "IDF strikes in Lebanon following terrorist infiltration into Israel". Ynetnews. Archived from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
- ^ "Israeli soldiers and militants killed in confrontation on Lebanon frontier". BBC. 10 October 2023. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
- ^ "Hezbollah mourns its third member, Ali Hassan Hodroj, due to Israeli aggression". LBCI. 9 October 2023. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
- ^ Dress, Brad (9 October 2023). "Hezbollah fires again at Israel, spurring fears of second front". The Hill. Archived from the original on 10 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
- ^ "Palestinians scramble for safety as Israel pounds sealed-off Gaza Strip to punish Hamas". Associated Press. 11 October 2023. Archived from the original on 10 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
- ^ "More than 1,000 killed in Israeli blitz on Gaza Strip". The New Arab. 11 October 2023. Archived from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
- ^ Oshin, Olafimihan (11 October 2023). "Israel withdraws warning of incursion from Lebanon, cites 'human error'". The Hill. Archived from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
- ^ "IDF: Interception on Lebanon border appears to be false alarm". The Times of Israel. 11 October 2023. Archived from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
- ^ "Scare in Northern Israel Turned Out to be False Alarm". Anash. 11 October 2023. Archived from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
- ^ "Hezbollah says 'when time comes for any action, we will carry it out'". Reuters. 13 October 2023. Archived from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
We will contribute to the confrontation within our plan... when the time comes for any action, we will carry it out.
- ^ "IDF says blast causes minor section of Lebanon border wall; troops fire artillery in response". The Times of Israel. 13 October 2023. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
- ^ "IDF publishes footage of drone strike on Lebanon border infiltrators". The Times of Israel. 14 October 2023. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
- ^ a b c "Hezbollah says it attacked 5 Israeli outposts in disputed Shebaa Farms area". Khaleej Times. Reuters/AFP. 14 October 2023. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
- ^ Atallah, Nada Maucourant; Homsi, Nada (14 October 2023). "Israel shelling killed two civilians in South Lebanon". The National. Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
- ^ Khalid, Tuqa (15 October 2023). "Israel's military strikes Lebanon targets after Hezbollah claims fire on border town". Al Arabiya English. Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
- ^ "Hezbollah claims responsibility for deadly missile attacks on north". The Times of Israel. 15 October 2023. Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
- ^ "Peacekeeping force UNIFIL says headquarters in south Lebanon hit by a rocket". al-Arabiya. 15 October 2023. Archived from the original on 17 October 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
- ^ a b Gebeily, Maya; Deutsch, Anthony; Clarke, David (7 December 2023). "Reuters journalist Issam Abdallah killed by Israeli tank, investigation finds". Reuters. Archived from the original on 3 February 2024. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
- ^ Ward, Euan (13 October 2023). "A Reuters cameraman is killed and six other journalists are injured near Lebanon's southern border". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
- ^ Neumann, Julia (14 October 2023). "Pressefreiheit im Israel-Gaza-Krieg: Journalistinnen als Zielscheibe" [Freedom of the press in the Israel-Gaza war : journalists as targets]. Die Tageszeitung (in German). ISSN 0931-9085. Archived from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
- ^ "Obituary: Reuters' Issam Abdallah covered the world's biggest events with bravery and insight". Reuters. 15 October 2023. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
- ^ Fahim, Kareem; Chamaa, Mohamad El; Francis, Ellen; Dadouch, Sarah (14 October 2023). "Reuters journalist killed in southern Lebanon by Israeli strike, colleagues say". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 25 October 2023. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
- ^ "A Reuters videographer killed in southern Lebanon by Israeli shelling is laid to rest". Associated Press. 14 October 2023. Archived from the original on 9 November 2023. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
- ^ a b Gauthier-Villars, David; Bassam, Laila; Perry, Tom (14 March 2024). "Israeli tank strike killed 'clearly identifiable' Reuters reporter - UN report". Reuters. Archived from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
- ^ Chehayeb, Kareem (31 October 2023). "Amnesty International says Israeli forces wounded Lebanese civilians with white phosphorus". ABC News. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 1 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
- ^ a b "Lebanon: Evidence of Israel's unlawful use of white phosphorus in southern Lebanon as cross-border hostilities escalate". Amnesty International. 31 October 2023. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
- ^ "Israel thwarts infiltration bid from Lebanon, killing four: army". France 24. 17 October 2023. Archived from the original on 17 October 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
- ^ "At least four killed in Lebanon near Israel border, Red Cross says". EFE. 17 October 2023. Archived from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
- ^ "Clashes erupt again on the Lebanon-Israel border after an anti-tank missile is fired from Lebanon". Associated Press. 17 October 2023. Archived from the original on 17 October 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
- ^ "Lebanon-Israel border clashes escalate, 5 Hezbollah fighters killed". Reuters. 17 October 2023. Archived from the original on 17 October 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
- ^ a b c d e "Second journalist killed by Israel fire in Lebanon". The New Arab. 20 October 2023. Archived from the original on 21 October 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ "Lebanon army says Israel killed member of 'journalist team'". France 24. 19 October 2023. Archived from the original on 20 October 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ צבי, אסף (7 April 2024). "1,489 harogim, 133 hatofim adain be'eza: hatzi shena lamlachamet harvot barzel" 1,489 הרוגים, 133 חטופים עדיין בעזה: חצי שנה למלחמת חרבות ברזל. Davar (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 27 June 2024. Retrieved 8 July 2024.
- ^ "Israel announces evacuation plan for Kiryat Shmona city near Lebanese border". Reuters. 20 October 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ Fabian, Emanuel (21 October 2023). "Anti-tank missile fired at Israeli village on Lebanese border; drone strike hits launchers". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
- ^ Fabian, Emanuel (21 October 2023). "IDF video shows airstrike against missile squad on Lebanese border". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
- ^ Fabian, Emanuel (22 October 2023). "IDF hits Hezbollah posts in south Lebanon, says soldier seriously hurt in missile attack". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 21 October 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
- ^ a b "Iran Update, October 29, 2023". Institute for the Study of War. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
- ^ "Iran Update, November 2, 2023". Institute for the Study of War. 2 November 2023. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
- ^ "Lebanon's militant Hezbollah leader threatens escalation with Israel as its war with Hamas rages on". Associated Press. 3 November 2023. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
- ^ "Hezbollah chief Hassan Nasrallah makes first speech on Israel-Gaza war". BBC News. 3 November 2023. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
- ^ Khan, Adan (5 November 2023). "Hezbollah shoots down Israeli drone in Nabatieh region". News Nine. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
- ^ "بالفيديو: حطام مسيّرة إسرائيلية في النبطية" [Video: Wreckage of an Israeli drone in Nabatieh]. Nida al Watan (in Arabic). 5 November 2023. Archived from the original on 6 November 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
- ^ "Escalation in the north: Israeli civilian killed by Hezbollah, rockets hit Kiryat Shmona". Allisrael.com. 5 November 2023. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
- ^ a b "Four wounded in Israel strike on Lebanon ambulances: rescuers". Macau Business. Agence France-Presse. 5 November 2023. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
- ^ "A woman and 3 children are killed by an Israeli airstrike in south Lebanon, local officials say". ABC News. Associated Press. 6 November 2023. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
- ^ "Hezbollah fires rockets at Kiryat Shmona in response to killing of civilians". Naharnet. 5 November 2023. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
- ^ Israeli govt says Israeli citizen killed in rockets fired by Hezbollah's retaliatory attack. Al Jazeera English. 6 November 2023. Archived from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023 – via YouTube.
- ^ "Hamas Says Launched 16 Rockets From Lebanon At Israel". NDTV. Agence France-Presse. 6 November 2023. Archived from the original on 6 November 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
- ^ "Israel-Hamas war: Hezbollah official says group could be forced into wider conflict over Gaza attacks". Sky News. 7 November 2023. Archived from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
- ^ "Anti-tank missiles target IDF border outpost, Israeli forces return artillery fire". Ynetnews. 10 November 2023. Archived from the original on 11 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
- ^ "Iran Update, November 10, 2023". Institute for the Study of War. 10 November 2023. Archived from the original on 17 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
- ^ "4 IDF soldiers seriously wounded by Hezbollah anti-tank missile, drone strike". The Times of Israel. 10 November 2023. Archived from the original on 11 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
- ^ a b "Israeli missile strike hits hospital in southern Lebanon". Arab News. 11 November 2023. Archived from the original on 17 December 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
- ^ "'أمل' تنعى أحد عناصرها... قضى بقصف إسرائيليّ على بلدة رب ثلاثين" ["Amal" mourns one of its members...who was killed by an Israeli bombing on the town of Rab Thilaine]. An-Nahar (in Arabic). 11 November 2023. Archived from the original on 11 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
- ^ "Second Shia militia group joins clashes on Lebanese border". Roya News. 11 November 2023. Archived from the original on 11 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
- ^ a b "IDF hits targets in Lebanon after 21 Israelis wounded by Hezbollah". The Jerusalem Post. 12 November 2023. Archived from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
- ^ a b "Israel Power Company Says Worker Killed By Strike From Lebanon". Barron's. Agence France-Presse. 13 November 2023. Archived from the original on 6 February 2024. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
- ^ "Missile fire from Lebanon wounds a utility work crew in northern Israel as the front heats up". Associated Press. 12 November 2023. Archived from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
- ^ "Lebanon front with Israel heats up, stoking fears of wider war". Reuters. 13 November 2023. Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
- ^ "Iran Update, November 13, 2023". Institute for the Study of War. 13 November 2023. Archived from the original on 21 November 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
- ^ Lebanese journalists came under Israeli air strike while on duty (Short video). TRT World. Archived from the original on 14 November 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023 – via YouTube.
- ^ "Operation Iron Swords (Updated to 1 p.m., November 14, 2023)". Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center. 15 November 2023. Archived from the original on 15 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
- ^ "Iran Update, November 16, 2023". Institute for the Study of War. 16 November 2023. Archived from the original on 17 November 2023. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
- ^ "Lebanese army leadership doubts grow after talks fail". Arab News. 16 November 2023. Archived from the original on 4 May 2024. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
- ^ "Islamic Resistance: We targeted enemy's Hadab Yaroun site and achieved direct hits". National News Agency. 13 November 2023. Archived from the original on 17 February 2024. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
- ^ ""خطة طوارئ" للأسوأ.. تواصل الاشتباكات على الحدود اللبنانية الإسرائيلية | الحرة" [A “contingency plan” for the worst... Clashes continue on the Lebanese-Israeli border]. Alhurra (in Arabic). 17 November 2023. Archived from the original on 16 November 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
- ^ "Two Hezbollah Fighters Dead Following Shellings in South Lebanon". This is Beirut. 16 November 2023. Archived from the original on 17 November 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
- ^ "IDF Base Suffers Heavy Damage Following Hezbollah Rocket Barrage". Atlas. 20 November 2023. Archived from the original on 20 November 2023. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
- ^ "IDF strikes Hezbollah targets in Lebanon". The Jerusalem Post. 20 November 2023. Archived from the original on 20 November 2023. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
- ^ Israeli army targets St George Church in Southern Lebanon (Short video). Middle East Eye. Archived from the original on 24 November 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2023 – via YouTube.
- ^ "بالفيديو: استهداف منزل نائب في ميس الجبل" [Video: Targeting a deputy’s house in Mays al-Jabal]. IMLebanon (in Arabic). 20 November 2023. Archived from the original on 20 November 2023. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
- ^ Israel strikes south Lebanon, elderly woman killed Archived 21 November 2023 at the Wayback Machine 21 November 2023 via Al Arabiya English
- ^ "Israeli strike kills two reporters, third person in south Lebanon - state media, PM". Reuters. 21 November 2023. Archived from the original on 21 November 2023. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
- ^ "Israeli airstrikes on Lebanon kill 2 journalists of a pan-Arab TV station, 4 Palestinian militants". Khaleej Times. AP. 21 November 2023. Archived from the original on 21 November 2023. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
- ^ "Israeli airstrikes in S. Lebanon kill 9". Xinhua. 21 November 2023. Archived from the original on 21 November 2023. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
- ^ "Israel-Hamas ceasefire also applies to southern Lebanon - Hezbollah". The Jerusalem Post. 22 November 2023. Archived from the original on 22 November 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
- ^ "Israeli and Hezbollah strikes near Lebanon border have stopped amid Israel-Hamas truce". France 24. 26 November 2023. Archived from the original on 1 December 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
- ^ Taher, Aziz; Alwaaile, Hussein (30 November 2023). "People in southern Lebanon, rushing home amid truce, hope fighting is over". Reuters. Archived from the original on 1 December 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
- ^ "Iran Update, November 24, 2023". Institute for the Study of War. 24 November 2023. Archived from the original on 25 November 2023. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
- ^ "UNIFIL says Israeli gunfire hit one of its patrols in southern Lebanon". al Arabiya English. 25 November 2023. Archived from the original on 25 November 2023. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
- ^ "Iran Update, December 1, 2023". Institute for the Study of War. 1 December 2023. Archived from the original on 2 December 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2023.
- ^ "Hezbollah and Israeli troops exchange fire along the border as 2 people are killed in Lebanon". ABC News. Associated Press. 2 December 2023. Archived from the original on 1 December 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
- ^ "At least three killed in south Lebanon as Israel, Hezbollah resume fighting". Al Jazeera. 1 December 2023. Archived from the original on 1 December 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
- ^ "IDF says it carried out strikes against Hezbollah sites in southern Lebanon in response to rocket fire". The Times of Israel. 1 December 2023. Archived from the original on 7 December 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
- ^ "IDF attacking Hezbollah positions after rocket fire on northern Israel". The Times of Israel. 2 December 2023. Archived from the original on 2 December 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2023.
- ^ "Israel, Hezbollah trade fire for second day after Gaza truce ends". Reuters. 2 December 2023. Archived from the original on 3 December 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
- ^ "Global Affairs confirms 8th Canadian death since start of Israel-Hamas war". CBC.ca. 3 December 2023. Archived from the original on 5 December 2023. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
- ^ "Iran Update, December 3, 2023". Institute for the Study of War. 3 December 2023. Archived from the original on 9 December 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
- ^ a b Atallah, Nada Maucourant (5 December 2023). "Israeli shelling kills Lebanese soldier and wounds three others in south Lebanon". The National. Archived from the original on 5 December 2023. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
- ^ "IDF issues rare apology after strike kills Lebanese soldier". Times of Israel. 6 December 2023. Archived from the original on 6 December 2023. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
- ^ "Iran Update, December 6, 2023". Institute for the Study of War. 6 December 2023. Archived from the original on 14 December 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
- ^ "Mayor of south Lebanon village killed in Israeli strike - report". The Jerusalem Post. 11 December 2023. Archived from the original on 11 December 2023. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
- ^ "Iran Update, December 11, 2023". Institute for the Study of War. 11 December 2023. Archived from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
- ^ "IDF: One in five Hezbollah rockets fired at Israel land in Lebanon". The Jerusalem Post. 15 December 2023. Archived from the original on 17 December 2023. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
- ^ "Staff Sgt. Daniel Nachmani succumbs to injuries sustained in Hezbollah rocket attack". The Times of Israel. 26 December 2023. Archived from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
- ^ "Un journaliste d'Al Manar blessé lors d'une frappe israélienne au Liban-Sud : Jour 78 de la guerre Hamas-Israël" [Sporadic incidents in South Lebanon; more than 20,250 dead in Gaza since October 7: Day 78 of the Hamas-Israel war]. l'Orient-Le Jour (in French). 23 December 2023. Archived from the original on 23 December 2023. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
- ^ "Israeli army conducts raid near UNIFIL center along Khardali River". National News Agency. 23 December 2023. Archived from the original on 17 February 2024. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
- ^ a b "Israel shells south Lebanon, airstrike wounds Al-Manar cameraman". Naharnet. 23 December 2023. Archived from the original on 25 December 2023. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
- ^ Avni, Danna (25 December 2023). "Senior IRGC commander killed in alleged Israeli airstrike - report". i24 News. Archived from the original on 25 December 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
- ^ "IDF confirms Hezbollah anti-tank missile hit Greek Orthodox church in northern Israel". Times of Israel. 26 December 2023. Archived from the original on 31 December 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
- ^ "Hezbollah Missile Hits Greek Orthodox Church In Northern Israel". i24NEWS. 26 December 2023. Archived from the original on 31 December 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
- ^ "In airstrikes on Al-Bokamal: 25 members of Iranian-backed militias killed 20 of them of non-Syrian nationalities". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 31 December 2023. Archived from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
- ^ "Explosion hits southern Beirut, killing Hamas official Saleh al-Arouri". Middle East Eye. 2 January 2024. Archived from the original on 2 January 2024. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
- ^ "How Israel's assassination of Arouri ends an era for Hamas". The Jerusalem Post. 3 January 2024. Archived from the original on 4 January 2024. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
- ^ Kampeas, Ron (2 January 2024). "Top Hamas official assassinated in Beirut, reportedly by Israel". The Forward. Archived from the original on 4 January 2024. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
- ^ "نصرالله يطل في ذكرى سليماني فكيف سيرد على تهديدات إسرائيل وتطبيق القرار 1701؟" [Nasrallah appears at Soleimani's memorial. How will he respond to Israel's threats and the implementation of Resolution 1701?]. Al-Quds Al-Arabi (in Arabic). 2 January 2024. Archived from the original on 16 January 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
- ^ Malsin, Jared; Mauldin, William (6 January 2024). "Hezbollah Fires Rocket Barrage Into Israel as Blinken Mounts New De-Escalation Push". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 6 January 2024. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
- ^ "Israel Admits Hezbollah Strike Caused Extensive Damage to Strategic Airbase". Haaretz. 7 January 2024. Archived from the original on 8 January 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
- ^ "Hezbollah says Israel kills top commander amid fears of Gaza war escalation". Al Jazeera. 8 January 2024. Archived from the original on 8 January 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
- ^ "Hezbollah launches drone attack on Israel in response to top commander's killing". Middle East Monitor. 9 January 2024. Archived from the original on 9 January 2024. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
- ^ "Hezbollah's drone chief in southern Lebanon killed in reported Israeli strike". The Times of Israel. 9 January 2024. Archived from the original on 1 February 2024. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
- ^ "Hezbollah Source Says Local Chief Among 4 Killed In South Lebanon". Barron's. Agence France Presse. Archived from the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
- ^ "Lebanon's Hezbollah denies Israel's claim for killing senior Hezbollah commander". Reuters. 9 January 2024.
- ^ William Christou (22 January 2024). "Israel strikes Hezbollah fighters, medical centre". New Arab. Archived from the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ^ "Hezbollah missiles hit moshav home, killing mother and son". Jewish News Syndicate. 14 January 2024. Archived from the original on 21 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
- ^ "كتائب العز الإسلامية أعلنت مسؤوليتها عن عملية اختراق الشريط الحدودي في مزارع شبعا" [The "Islamic Ezz Brigades" claimed responsibility for the operation to breach the border fence in Shebaa Farms]. Elnashra News (in Arabic). 14 January 2024. Archived from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
- ^ "Elderly woman and her son killed at home in Hezbollah anti-tank missile attack". The Times of Israel. 14 January 2024. Archived from the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
- ^ "At least 4 killed in Israel strike on Damascus, Syrian media". Ynetnews. 20 January 2024. Archived from the original on 6 February 2024. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
- ^ "Iranian general killed in Syria, says IRGC's source". Trend.Az. 20 January 2024. Archived from the original on 1 February 2024. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
- ^ "بينهم 5 إيرانيين.. ارتفاع عدد القتلى بـ الاستهداف الإسرائيلي على مبنى بحي المزة إلى 13" [Including 5 Iranians.. The death toll due to the Israeli targeting of a building in the Mezzeh neighborhood rose to 13] (in Arabic). Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 21 January 2024. Archived from the original on 21 January 2024. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
- ^ "Death toll update: Ten individuals including three commanders of IRGC killed in Israeli airstrikes on building in Damascus". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 20 January 2024. Archived from the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
- ^ "Hezbollah chief survives Israeli drone strike, terrorist killed". The Jerusalem Post. 21 January 2024. Archived from the original on 22 January 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ^ "With the names... the martyrs of the Amal Movement". Lebanon Debate. 5 February 2024. Archived from the original on 5 February 2024. Retrieved 5 February 2024.
- ^ "Israeli strike kills 2 Amal fighters as Hezbollah-Israel clashes abate". Naharnet. 3 February 2024. Archived from the original on 3 February 2024. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
- ^ Christou, William (8 February 2024). "Israeli drone strikes car in south Lebanon's Nabatieh". The New Arab. Archived from the original on 8 February 2024. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
- ^ "Meet the Hezbollah militants behind Iran's air defense project in Syria". The Jerusalem Post. 7 September 2022. Archived from the original on 8 February 2024. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
- ^ "An Israeli drone strike in Lebanon kills 2 in one of the deepest hits inside the country in weeks". The Washington Post. 10 February 2024. Archived from the original on 10 February 2024. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
- ^ "Israel intensifies attacks on southern Lebanon". Arab News. 12 February 2024. Archived from the original on 17 February 2024. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
- ^ "Israeli airstrikes killed 10 Lebanese civilians in a single day. Hezbollah has vowed to retaliate". Associated Press. 15 February 2024. Archived from the original on 15 February 2024. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
- ^ "Soldier killed, 8 hurt as rocket barrage hits Safed; IDF launches 'widespread strikes'". Times of Israel. 14 February 2024. Archived from the original on 14 February 2024. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
- ^ "Ten civilians killed in Israeli air strikes on Lebanon". Al Jazeera. 14 February 2024. Archived from the original on 15 February 2024. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
- ^ "إسرائيل تُعلن اغتيال 'القيادي' في 'حزب الله' علي الدبس بغارة النبطية... وتكشف مهامه" [Israel announces the assassination of Hezbollah "leader" Ali Al-Debs in the Nabatieh raid and reveals his duties]. An-Nahar (in Arabic). 15 February 2024. Archived from the original on 17 February 2024. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
- ^ "Israel says it killed senior Hezbollah fighters in airstrikes on Lebanon". Al Arabiya English. Reuters. 15 February 2024. Archived from the original on 15 February 2024. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
- ^ Dadouch, Sarah (15 February 2024). "What is the Radwan force, Hezbollah's elite unit on the Israeli border?". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on 15 February 2024. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
- ^ "WATCH: IDF jets strike deep inside Lebanese territory". Jerusalem Post. 19 February 2024. Archived from the original on 19 February 2024. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
- ^ "Israeli airstrike kills two people in Damascus, Syrian state TV says". Reuters. 21 February 2024. Archived from the original on 21 February 2024. Retrieved 21 February 2024.
- ^ "Mother and 5-year-old daughter killed in Israeli attack on southern Lebanon". Arab News. 21 February 2024. Archived from the original on 23 February 2024. Retrieved 21 February 2024.
- ^ "IDF says it carried out retaliatory strikes against Hezbollah posts in southern Lebanon". Times of Israel. 21 February 2024. Archived from the original on 15 March 2024. Retrieved 21 February 2024.
- ^ "Reported IDF strike kills 2 Hezbollah members after anti-tank missile attack on home". Times of Israel. 22 February 2024. Archived from the original on 22 February 2024. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
- ^ "Hezbollah Says 2 Paramedics, Fighter Dead In Israeli Strike On Lebanon". Barron's. Agence France Presse. 23 February 2024. Archived from the original on 8 October 2024. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
- ^ "IDF strikes in Lebanon as Hezbollah rockets rain on Israel's North". Jerusalem Post. 24 February 2024. Archived from the original on 24 February 2024. Retrieved 24 February 2024.
- ^ "Israeli strikes on east Lebanon kill two Hezbollah members". France 24. 26 February 2024. Archived from the original on 16 May 2024. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
- ^ Fabian, Emanuel (26 February 2024). "IDF confirms Hezbollah shot down its drone over southern Lebanon". MSN. The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 9 April 2024. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
- ^ "Israel army opens fire at people waiting for aid in Gaza". Al Jazeera. 26 February 2024. Archived from the original on 26 February 2024. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
- ^ Julian, Hana Levi (26 February 2024). "IDF Eliminates Hezbollah Commander Hassan Hossein Salami". The Jewish Press. Archived from the original on 27 February 2024. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
- ^ "One Foreign Worker Killed, Seven Wounded in Anti-tank Missile Strike on Israeli Farm Near Lebanon Border". Haaretz. 4 March 2024. Archived from the original on 4 March 2024. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
- ^ "Three civilians killed in Israel strike on Lebanon". Arab News. 5 March 2024. Archived from the original on 8 October 2024. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
- ^ "المقاومة الإسلامية تزف الشهيد على طريق القدس علي حسن حسين (علي الأكبر)" [The Islamic Resistance mourns the martyr Ali Hassan Hussein on the road to Jerusalem.]. Al-Ahed News (in Arabic). 3 June 2024. Archived from the original on 6 March 2024. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
- ^ "حزب الله ينعى حسن علي حسين من بلدة حولا" [Hezbollah mourns Hassan Ali Hussein from the town of Hula]. Elnashra News (in Arabic). 6 March 2024. Archived from the original on 5 March 2024. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
- ^ "Lebanon: Israeli airstrike kills five people, including three Hezbollah members". Le Monde. 10 March 2024. Archived from the original on 3 July 2024. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
- ^ "Several rockets fired from Lebanon toward Israeli-occupied territories". Islamic Republic News Agency. 10 March 2024. Archived from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
- ^ Hezbollah Fires Barrage At North After Deadly IDF Strike in Lebanon Archived 27 March 2024 at the Wayback Machine Times of Israel, 10 March 2024
- ^ "Israel claims 4,500 strikes on Lebanon since fighting began: Day 158 of the Gaza war". L'Orient-Le Jour. 12 March 2024. Archived from the original on 3 July 2024. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
- ^ "Israeli strike kills one, injures three in Lebanon's Tyre". Yeni Şafak. 13 March 2024. Archived from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
- ^ O'Neill, Jesse (13 March 2024). "Hamas terrorist Hadi Ali Mustafa killed by IDF". New York Post. Archived from the original on 3 July 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
- ^ Lebanon: Syrian Minors Arrested in Assassination Case of Key 'Qassam' Figure Archived 15 September 2024 at the Wayback Machine Asharq Al-Awsat 22 March 2024
- ^ "Israel, Hezbollah trade strikes over Lebanon border". BBC News. 27 March 2024. Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ a b "Hezbollah launches rocket barrage after Israeli strikes on Lebanon kill 7". Al Jazeera. 27 March 2024. Archived from the original on 19 April 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Lebanon's Hezbollah says it launched dozens of rockets after Israeli strikes". Reuters. 27 March 2024.
- ^ a b "Israeli strikes in Lebanon kill 16, militant rockets kill 1 Israeli as cross-border violence soars". Associated Press. 27 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "هو الأعنف في الضربات الإسرائيلية على سوريا منذ 3 سنوات.. مقتل 42 من قوات النظام وحزب الله اللبناني في حلب" [It is the most violent Israeli strike on Syria in 3 years.. 42 members of the regime forces and Lebanese Hezbollah were killed in Aleppo]. Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (in Arabic). 29 March 2024. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
- ^ "Israeli military says it killed deputy commander of Hezbollah rocket and missiles unit". Reuters. 29 March 2024. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
- ^ "Three UN observers and a translator wounded in south Lebanon, peacekeeping mission says". Reuters. 30 March 2024.
- ^ "Lebanese official says landmine wounded UN observers". France 24. 3 April 2024. Retrieved 16 May 2024.
- ^ Maziar Motamedi; Usaid Siddiqui (19 August 2024). "UN official says 'even wars have rules' and 'civilians are not a target'". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
seven paramedics were killed when the Israeli army struck a centre belonging to the Lebanese Ambulance Association at the end of March.
- ^ "8 killed as Israel strikes Iran embassy annex in Damascus: monitor". AFP News. 1 April 2024. Archived from the original on 1 April 2024. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
- ^ "Iranian consulate in Damascus flattened in suspected Israeli air strike". Reuters. 1 April 2024.
- ^ "IDF Source Confirms Hezbollah Shoots Down Advanced Hermes 900 UAV for First Time". Hareetz. 8 April 2024.
- ^ "Mapping the wide-scale Iranian drone and missile attacks". Washington Post. 14 April 2024. Archived from the original on 14 April 2024. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
- ^ "Reservist succumbs to wounds sustained in Hezbollah drone attack". The Times of Israel. 21 April 2024.
- ^ "Hezbollah launches missiles and drones at northern Israel, wounding 14 Israeli soldiers". Reuters. 17 April 2024.
- ^ "2 killed, 6 injured in Israeli strike in S. Lebanon". Xinhua. 24 April 2024. Retrieved 24 April 2024.
- ^ "Lebanon's Hezbollah launches deepest attack into Israel since Gaza war". Gulf News. 23 April 2024. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
- ^ "Four Lebanese civilians killed in Israeli strike on border village". Reuters. 5 May 2024. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
- ^ "IDF: Two troops dead after Hezbollah drone attack on Metula Monday". Times of Israel. 6 May 2024. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
- ^ Hashmonai, Adi; Khoury, Jack (6 May 2024). "Thirty rockets fired at Israel's north by Hezbollah; Drone explodes in Metula". Haaretz. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
- ^ "Explosive-laden drone launched by Hezbollah from Lebanon hits near Metula". The Times of Israel. 6 May 2024. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
- ^ "Two seriously wounded in Hezbollah drone attack, IDF strikes Lebanon". The Jerusalem Post. 6 May 2024. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
- ^ "Hezbollah says fires at Israel after east Lebanon strike". The Times of India. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
- ^ "Israel, Hezbollah trade fire, Israeli minister warns of 'hot summer' at Lebanon border". Reuters. 8 May 2024. Retrieved 8 May 2024.
- ^ Taleb, Wael (9 May 2024). "Hamas, Israeli representatives leave Cairo; mediators' efforts 'continue': Day 216 of the Gaza war". L'Orient le Jour. Retrieved 9 May 2024.
- ^ "Israel strike on south Lebanon kills two: Report". Al Arabiya. 10 May 2024. Retrieved 14 May 2024.
- ^ Abdallah, Muntassar (14 May 2024). "Israeli army announces civilian killed in strike launched from southern Lebanon: Day 221 of the Gaza war". L'Orient le Jour. Retrieved 14 May 2024.
- ^ "Report: Hezbollah commander among two killed in Israeli drone strike in southern Lebanon". Haaretz. 14 May 2024. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
- ^ "Top Hezbollah field commander killed in IDF drone strike in south Lebanon". The Times of Israel. 15 May 2024. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
- ^ "Elad Fingerhut, 38, named as man killed by Hezbollah missile as rocket salvos intensify". The Times of Israel. 15 May 2024.
- ^ "IDF says Hezbollah drone hit Lower Galilee in terror group's deepest strike of war". The Times of Israel. 15 May 2024. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
- ^ Zitun, Yoav (15 May 2024). "Hezbollah drone crashes in Lower Galilee in 1st since October". Ynetnews. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
- ^ "Hezbollah drone infiltrates deep into Israel hitting IDF base; Israeli Air Force strikes deep inside Lebanon". Allisrael.com. 16 May 2024. Retrieved 16 May 2024.
- ^ Fox, Nina (16 May 2024). "IDF confirms Hezbollah drone hits observation balloon: 'No harm to aerial image'". Ynet. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
- ^ al-Joud, Sally (15 May 2024). "Israeli Defense Minister opposes 'unlimited Israeli military rule' in post-conflict Gaza: Day 222 of the Gaza war". L'Orient le Jour. Retrieved 16 May 2024.
- ^ Abdallah, Muntasser (16 May 2024). "Arab League calls for UN peacekeeping force in Palestinian territories; two Hezbollah fighters killed in car strike: Day 223 of the Gaza war". L'Orient le Jour. Retrieved 16 May 2024.
- ^ Abdallah, Muntasser (23 May 2024). "Hezbollah launches 'dozens' of rockets against an Israeli base after strike killed one of its members: Day 230 of the Gaza war". L'Orient le Jour. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
- ^ Abdallah, Muntasser (25 May 2024). "Israel conducts airstrikes, attacks in southern Lebanon: Gaza war, day 232". L'Orient le Jour. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
- ^ "Damascus Car Bomb Kills Army Liaison With Hezbollah: Monitor". Barron's. Agence France-Presse. 25 May 2024. Retrieved 22 July 2024.
- ^ Jadah, Malek (26 May 2024). "At least 7 dead in Israeli strikes on southern Lebanon: Gaza war, day 233". L'Orient le Jour. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
- ^ Jadah, Malek (1 June 2024). "Several injured in Israeli strikes in southern Lebanon: Gaza war, day 239". L'Orient le Jour. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
- ^ Abdallah, Muntasser (2 June 2024). "Israeli airstrike kills 2 brothers in southern Lebanon: Gaza war, day 240". L'Orient le Jour. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
- ^ Muntasser, Abdallah (3 June 2024). "Israeli strikes kill three Hezbollah fighters in southern Lebanon; Biden to call Qatar to discuss cease-fire proposal: Day 241 of the Gaza war". L'Orient le Jour. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
- ^ "Several killed in Israeli attack in Syria, state media reports". Reuters. 3 June 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
- ^ "Lebanon's Hezbollah launches squadron of drones towards Israeli military quarters". Al Arabiya. 3 June 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
- ^ "Hezbollah says it launched dozens of rockets at Golan Heights; no reports of injuries". The Times of Israel. 3 June 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
- ^ "Lebanon's Hezbollah launches drones squadron towards Israeli military targets". Reuters. 3 June 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
- ^ "Iran's acting top diplomat visits Lebanon in the first official visit since his predecessor's death". Associated Press. 3 June 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
- ^ "Iran's top diplomat confirms talks with US". France 24. 4 June 2024. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
- ^ a b Wildfires in northern Israel ignited by Hezbollah rockets, burns over 2,500 acres The New Arab (4 June 2024)
- ^ "Over 10 civilians and soldiers injured by fire from Hezbollah missiles". I24news. 4 June 2024. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
- ^ a b "Hezbollah fires big rocket salvos at Israel after senior commander killed". Reuters. 12 June 2024. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
- ^ "170 rockets fired at north after IDF killing of 'most senior' Hezbollah officer yet". The Times of Israel. 12 June 2024. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
- ^ "Hezbollah fires rocket barrages at Israel after commander killed". BBC News. 12 June 2024. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
- ^ "Hezbollah launches rockets, drones at northern Israel military sites". Al Jazeera. 13 June 2024. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
- ^ "Top Biden aide in Israel to try to head off war with Hezbollah". The Times of Israel. 17 June 2024. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
- ^ Ben Ari, Lior (19 June 2024). "Hezbollah's Nasrallah threatens Galilee invasion, warns Cyprus over ties to Israel". Ynetnews. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
- ^ "Attacking Galilee on the table if conflict escalates". Mehr News Agency. 19 June 2024. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
- ^ Bassam, Laila; Gebeily, Maya (19 June 2024). "Head of Lebanon's Hezbollah threatens Israel and Cyprus". Reuters.
- ^ "Israel says 18 soldiers hurt in Golan Heights". Arab News. 30 June 2024.
- ^ "Senior Hezbollah field commander killed in Israeli strike, two security sources say". Reuters. 3 July 2024. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
- ^ "Hezbollah launches barrage of rockets at Israel after top commander killed". Al Jazeera. 3 July 2024. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
- ^ "Hezbollah fires more than 200 missiles at Israeli targets following killing of commander". CNN. 4 July 2024. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
- ^ "IDF announces death of reservist in Hezbollah attack in northern Israel earlier today". The Times of Israel. 4 July 2024. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
- ^ "Israeli strike in Syria kills former bodyguard of Lebanon's Hezbollah leader". Arab News. 9 July 2024. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
- ^ "Alleged Israeli strike in Syria kills ex-bodyguard of Hezbollah leader, terror group says". The Jerusalem Post. 9 July 2024. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
- ^ "Two killed in Hezbollah rocket barrage toward Golan Heights". The Jerusalem Post. 9 July 2024. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
- ^ Gadzo, Mersiha; Stepansky, Joseph (16 July 2024). "Children among 40 killed in Israeli air attacks on Gaza IDP site, school". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
At least two injured in Israeli drone attack in southern Lebanon
- ^ Marsi, Federica (17 July 2024). "Damage to Israeli buildings, fires after Hezbollah rocket barrage". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
- ^ "IDF Spokesman: The Air Force attacked Hezbollah targets in several locations in southern Lebanon". Haaretz. 22 July 2024. Retrieved 22 July 2024.
- ^ "Biden to Meet Netanyahu on Thursday; Two Wounded in Hezbollah Rocket Barrage on Northern Israel". Haaretz. 22 July 2024. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ Amun, Fadi; Hashmonai, Adi (23 July 2024). "IDF launches artillery strikes in southern Lebanon after two injured in Hezbollah barrage". Haaretz.
- ^ "Hezbollah says it launched dozens of rockets at northern Israel". Al Jazeera. 23 July 2024.
- ^ Uras, Umut; Stepansky, Joseph (23 July 2024). "Israel continues nightly attacks on southern Lebanon". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
- ^ "Israel says Hezbollah rocket kills 12 at football ground, vows response". Reuters. 27 July 2024. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
- ^ Fabian, Emanuel (27 July 2024). "12 killed, mostly children, dozens hurt as Hezbollah rocket hits Majdal Shams soccer field". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
- ^ a b "Missile hit in Majdal Shams kills nine, injures at least 34 including children". Ynetnews. 27 July 2024. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
- ^ Mersiha Gadzo; Tamila Varshalomidze; Virginia Pietromarchi (28 July 2024). "Israel bombs Lebanon after Golan Heights attack". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
- ^ Levine, Heidi; Pannett, Rachel; Masih, Niha; Fahim, Kareem; Hassan, Jennifer; Hendrix, Steve (29 July 2024). "Israel strikes deep in Lebanon after rocket attack, stoking fear of wider war". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
- ^ "Israel-Hamas war latest: US cautions Israel over escalation with Hezbollah after weekend attack". Associated Press. 29 July 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
- ^ "One killed from direct rocket hit in Kibbutz HaGoshrim". The Jerusalem Post. 30 July 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
- ^ "Hezbollah says it fired at Israeli warplanes in Lebanese airspace". The Jerusalem Post. 30 July 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
- ^ "IDF strikes Beirut: Hezbollah commander responsible for Majdal Shams strike confirmed killed". The Jerusalem Post. 30 July 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
- ^ "Who was Fuad Shukr, the Hezbollah commander killed by Israel in Beirut?". Al Jazeera. 31 July 2024. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ^ Tisdall, Simon (31 July 2024). "Israel has all but declared war in the Middle East – a conflict it cannot hope to win". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
It is also worth pointing out, amid the frequently overwhelming welter of daily horrors, that two children were killed and 74 people injured in the Beirut airstrike, according to Lebanese officials
- ^
- Maziar Motamedi; Usaid Siddiqui (29 August 2024). "Lebanese injured in August 17 attack dies from wounds: Ministry". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 29 August 2024.
- El Chamaa, Mohamad; Haidamous, Suzan; Vinall, Frances; Bisset, Victoria (17 August 2024). "Israeli strike kills 10, Lebanon says; Gaza reports polio case in child". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
- "An Israeli strike in Lebanon kills 10 and triggers response from Hezbollah as tensions simmer". Associated Press. 17 August 2024. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
- ^ a b Qiblawi, Tamara (17 August 2024). "Israeli strike kills at least 10 in southern Lebanon in one of the deadliest incidents since October 7". CNN. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
- ^ "Leave Lebanon, Filipinos urged". The Manila Times. 18 August 2024. Archived from the original on 17 August 2024. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
- ^ Fabian, Emanuel (17 August 2024). "2 soldiers hurt in apparent drone attack in north earlier, army says". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
- ^ Stephen Quillen; Umut Uras; Nils Adler (17 August 2024). "Israel says Hezbollah commander killed in Tyre strike". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
- ^ Shankar, Vivek (24 August 2024). "Israel Begins Striking Hezbollah in Lebanon". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
- ^ "100 fighter jets struck & destroyed thousands of Hezbollah rocket launcher barrels, says Israel". The Times of India. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
- ^ Dana Karni; Tamar Michaelis; Alex Marquardt; Kathleen Magramo (25 August 2024). "Israel launches preemptive strikes in Lebanon as Hezbollah fires back hundreds of rockets". CNN. Retrieved 12 September 2024.
- ^ Lyndal Rowlands; Zaheena Rasheed (25 August 2024). "Hezbollah says it fired more than 320 rockets at Israel". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
The Lebanese armed group said the "first phase" of its retaliatory attack against Israel has been concluded "with complete success". Israeli Army Radio is reporting that a woman has been slightly wounded by shrapnel in Acre in northern Israel
- ^ "Israel launches airstrikes inside Lebanon as Hezbollah fires drones at Israel". CBS News. 25 August 2024. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
- ^ a b c Nils Adler; Umut Uras (25 August 2024). "In the past hour or so, there have been two further strikes by the Israeli military: One targeting a car behind me in the border village of Khiam, killing a Hezbollah fighter, and an overnight attack where two Hezbollah fighters were killed". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
- ^ "Israel Strikes Hezbollah in Lebanon and Says It Thwarted Major Attack". The New York Times. 25 August 2024. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
Lebanon's state-run news agency reported that Israel's strikes in southern Lebanon on Sunday were "the most violent" since the war in Gaza began in October. At least two people were injured, one of them critically, and the strikes caused "severe damage" to local infrastructure, including electricity and water networks, the agency said.
- ^ Lyndal Rowlands; Zaheena Rasheed; Nils Adler (25 August 2024). "One killed as Israel launches new raids in south Lebanon". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
- ^ "Israel and Hezbollah exchange heavy fire in major escalation". BBC. Retrieved 26 August 2024.
- ^ Lyndal Rowlands; Zaheena Rasheed; Nils Adler (25 August 2024). "Two wounded in Israeli raids on south Lebanon: Report". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
- ^ Motamedi, Maziar (25 August 2024). "Hezbollah announces killing of 2 members". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
- ^ "Sgt. David Moshe Ben Shitrit fell in battle in north". Israel National News. 25 August 2024.
- ^ Motamedi, Maziar (25 August 2024). ""Petty Officer First Class, David Moshe Ben Shitrit, aged 21… fell during combat in northern Israel," the military said in a statement, adding that he was from the navy and that two others were also wounded". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
- ^ Siddiqui, Usaid (25 August 2024). "Israeli forces carry out raid in southern Lebanon". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 26 August 2024.
- ^ Lyndal Rowlands; Zaheena Rasheed (25 August 2024). "WATCH: Israel attacks south Lebanon, Hezbollah launches rockets at Israel". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 26 August 2024.
Hezbollah said six of its fighters were also killed.
- ^ "Israel sets new war goal of returning residents to the north". BBC. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
- ^ Ben Kimon, Elisha (17 September 2024). "Shin Bet thwarted bomb attack by Hezbollah against ex-senior security official". Ynetnews. Retrieved 17 September 2024.
- ^ Federica Marsi; Usaid Siddiqui (17 September 2024). "Israel claims it thwarted Hezbollah plot to kill former defence official". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 17 September 2024.
Israel's domestic security agency claims it foiled a plot by the Lebanese armed group to kill a former senior defence official in the coming days.
- ^ "Hezbollah vows to respond after multiple dead and thousands wounded in mass pager explosions". The Independent. 17 September 2024. Retrieved 17 September 2024.
- ^ Bassam, Lailla; Mackenzie, James (25 September 2024). "Hezbollah's tunnels and flexible command weather Israel's deadly blows". Reuters.
- ^ "Dozens of Hezbollah members wounded after pagers explode in Lebanon". Al Jazeera. 17 September 2024. Retrieved 17 September 2024.
- ^ Urooba Jamal; Federica Marsi (18 September 2024). "Hezbollah says it will continue its "operations to support Gaza, its people, and its resistance" after simultaneous explosions of pagers used by its members killed 12 people and wounded thousands across Lebanon. Several wounded in neighbouring Syria". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
- ^ Federica Marsi; Usaid Siddiqui (17 September 2024). "Israeli army says it intercepted several drones from Lebanon". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 17 September 2024.
- ^ Lyndal Rowlands; Alastair McCready; Zaheena Rasheed (18 September 2024). "Hezbollah mourns deaths of 12 fighters". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
It did not say if the fighters were killed in the pager explosions or attacks elsewhere.
- ^ Christou, William (20 September 2024). "'We are isolated, tired, scared': pager attack leaves Lebanon in shock". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 22 September 2024.
- ^ Urooba Jamal; Federica Marsi (18 September 2024). "At least 3 killed in new wave of explosions: Lebanon state media". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
Lebanon's National News Agency, citing the health ministry, says more than 100 people have been wounded in the latest wave of explosions.
- ^ Marsi, Federica (19 September 2024). "Death toll in Lebanon blasts rises to 37". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 19 September 2024.
The following day, 25 people were killed and 708 injured, including 61 who remain in the intensive care unit.
- ^ Zaheena Rasheed; Alastair McCready (19 September 2024). "Hezbollah claims four attacks on Israel on Wednesday". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 19 September 2024.
- ^ a b "Israeli strikes hit multiple targets in Lebanon". Reuters. 19 September 2024. Retrieved 19 September 2024.
- ^ "IDF says it's carrying out strikes to destroy Hezbollah capabilities in south Lebanon". The Times of Israel. 19 September 2024. Retrieved 19 September 2024.
- ^ "IDF says it killed two Lebanese gunmen trying to plant a bomb on border". The Times of Israel. 19 September 2024. Retrieved 19 September 2024.
- ^ Usaid Siddiqui; Farah Najjar (19 September 2024). "Hezbollah reports multiple strikes on Israeli positions". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
The Lebanese-armed group says it carried out 17 attacks against Israeli targets in the Galilee, the occupied Golan Heights, and the occupied Kfarchouba Hills throughout the day. A Hezbollah missile and drone strike in northern Israel killed two Israeli soldiers and wounded nine others in separate attacks on Thursday in southern Lebanon, the military said.
- ^ "Israeli army names two soldiers killed by Hezbollah fire in northern Israel". Haaretz. 19 September 2024. Retrieved 19 September 2024.
- ^ Stephen Quillen; Federica Marsi (20 September 2024). "Injuries, electricity damage after intense Israel, Hezbollah crossfire". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
Later in the night, Hezbollah launched three huge rockets towards the Israeli town of Metula. We saw pictures of huge fires and there are reports of damage to electricity infrastructure.
- ^ a b "Israel intensifies air raids on southern Lebanon amid escalation fears". Al Jazeera. 19 September 2024. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
- ^ Usaid Siddiqui; Farah Najjar (19 September 2024). "Several wounded in Israeli raid on southern Lebanon". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
The Lebanese Health Ministry says four people have been injured in an Israeli raid on the town of al-Haniyeh.
- ^ Jamal, Urooba (21 September 2024). "What happened between Israel and Hezbollah on Friday?". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 21 September 2024.
Hezbollah has also named Ahmad Mahmoud Wahabi, a senior commander, among the casualties. Hezbollah said it carried out 16 attacks against targets in northern Israel, firing about 140 rockets as it targeted air defence and intelligence bases, as well as an Israeli tank. It claimed it struck the Meron IDF base in the occupied Golan Heights with "volleys of Katyusha rockets". No casualties have been reported.
- ^ "At least 45 killed in Israeli strike on suburb in Lebanon's Beirut". Al Jazeera. 21 September 2024. Retrieved 21 September 2024.
- ^ Urooba Jamal; Federica Marsi (21 September 2024). "Death toll in Beirut attack goes up". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 21 September 2024.
Lebanon's Health Minister says at least 31 people, including three children and seven women, were killed in the Israeli attack on southern Beirut yesterday. Another 68 people were wounded in the attack, he added. The three children among the 31 killed in Israel's attack on southern Beirut yesterday were aged four, six and 10, Lebanon's Health Minister said during a press conference.
- ^ Urooba Jamal; Federica Marsi (21 September 2024). "Israeli army says it 'almost completely dismantled' Hezbollah leadership". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 21 September 2024.
"Hezbollah's military chain of command has been almost completely dismantled," the military said on X.
- ^ Marsi, Federica (21 September 2024). "Israel says 180 targets 'dismantled' in southern Lebanon". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 21 September 2024.
The Israeli army says it "dismantled approximately 180 targets and thousands of launcher barrels" in southern Lebanon in the past hours, amid reports of the heaviest crossfire since Israel and Hezbollah began confrontations on October 8 last year. Additionally, it said "approximately 90 projectile launches were identified crossing from Lebanon into Israeli territory."
- ^ Siddiqui, Usaid (21 September 2024). "Four injured in Lebanon following Israeli attacks: Report". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 21 September 2024.
An Israeli air strike on Qatrani Heights left one person seriously wounded and in need of intensive care, National News Agency reports. More Israeli attacks targeted the western Bekaa Heights causing minor injuries to three others, who are currently receiving treatment at a hospital, it added.
- ^ Siddiqui, Usaid (21 September 2024). "'Everything is ready,' says Israeli air force chief". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 21 September 2024.
Heavy artillery was also fired into several areas in southern Lebanon over the last few hours, the army said in a statement.
- ^ Mccready, Alastair; Regencia, Ted; Jamal, Urooba; Marsi, Federica; Siddiqui, Usaid (22 September 2024). "Israeli army claims 400 new attacks on southern Lebanon". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 22 September 2024.
- ^ a b "Israel-Lebanon latest: Israel had 'no connection' with deadly exploding pager attack, president claims". The Independent. 22 September 2024.
- ^ "Hezbollah claims second missile attack on Israeli airbase". Al Jazeera. 22 September 2024.
- ^ "Man 'lightly injured' in Hezbollah attack on northern Israel: Report". Al Jazeera. 22 September 2024.
- ^ "Three people hurt in Hezbollah rocket attacks in Israel: Report". Al Jazeera. 22 September 2024.
- ^ Maziar Motamedi; Urooba Jamal (22 September 2024). "Lebanon's health ministry says three killed in Israeli attacks". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 22 September 2024.
Lebanon's Health Ministry says three people have been killed in Israeli strikes on the southern part of the country. Hezbollah has confirmed two of its fighters killed today.
- ^ Lyndal Rowlands; Zaheena Rasheed (23 September 2024). "Hezbollah claims more attacks on Israeli positions". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
An artillery attack on an Israeli radar in the occupied Lebanese Shebaa Farms. A missile attack on an Israeli Merkava tank in an area called al-Marj in northern Israel which caused casualties. An artillery attack on Israeli soldiers in Jal al-Allam.
- ^ "Hundreds killed in Israeli airstrikes in Lebanon that destroyed buildings". Arab News. 23 September 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ "IDF: Some 1,600 strikes launched the past day against Hezbollah targets in Lebanon". The Times of Israel. 23 September 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ "Israel launches 'extensive' strikes on Hezbollah; Lebanon says hundreds killed, more than 1,600 injured". Washington Post. 23 September 2024. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
- ^ "Israel-Lebanon latest: Lebanon says 50 killed as Israel 'deepens' strikes on Hezbollah sites". BBC News. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ "Hezbollah fires heavy rocket barrages deep into Israel, including western Samaria town of Ariel". Allisrael.com. 23 September 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ "Some 80 rockets from Lebanon launched at Israel, West Bank over past hour — IDF". The Times of Israel. 23 September 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ "Lebanon sees deadliest day of conflict since 2006 as Israeli strikes kill 492". Associated Press. 23 September 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ "IDF hits over 300 Hezbollah targets during two major waves of airstrikes in Lebanon". The Jerusalem Post. 23 September 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ "Israel targets Hezbollah's southern front commander in Beirut strike". Axios. 23 September 2024.
- ^ "Hezbollah says its senior leader Ali Karaki is safe after Israeli strike targeted him in Beirut". The Jerusalem Post. 23 September 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ "Hamas armed wing says field commander in south Lebanon was killed in Israeli strike". The Times of Israel. 23 September 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ "Iran Update, September 25, 2024". Institute for the Study of War. 26 September 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ "Live updates: IDF preparing for possible ground invasion in Lebanon as hundreds of thousands displaced by Israeli strikes". NBC News. 25 September 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ Yerushalmy, Jonathan; Chao-Fong, Léonie; Yang, Maya; Bayer, Lili; Belam, Martin; Davies, Caroline (26 September 2024). "US and France working on Hezbollah-Israel ceasefire plan – as it happened". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ Belam, Martin (26 September 2024). "23 Syrians killed, most of them women or children, in Israeli strike on Younine in Lebanon - mayor". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ Lyndal Rowlands; Alastair McCready; Stephen Quillen; Edna Mohamed; Usaid Siddiqui; Farah Najjar (27 September 2024). "Death toll revised in Israeli attack on Syrian workers". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 27 September 2024.
The state news agency initially reported that 23 people were killed. The Lebanese Health Ministry later announced 19 Syrians and one Lebanese died – one of the deadliest single strikes in Israel's intensified air campaign.
- ^ "IDF on Nasrallah's death: 'We will update as soon as we know the situation'". The Jerusalem Post. 28 September 2024. Retrieved 27 September 2024.
- ^ Mccready, Alastair (28 September 2024). "Death toll mounts as Israeli air strikes flatten Beirut apartment buildings". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
- ^ "Israel says it struck Hezbollah's headquarters as huge explosions rocked Beirut". Associated Press. 27 September 2024. Retrieved 27 September 2024.
- ^ "Hezbollah confirms senior leader Ali Karaki was killed in Israeli strike". Retrieved 19 November 2024.
- ^ Urooba Jamal; Federica Marsi (28 September 2024). "Eleven medical staff killed in Israeli attacks on south Lebanon". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
The country's state-run National News Agency reports that 11 doctors, nurses and paramedics were killed and 10 others were wounded in Israeli army attacks on civil defence centres and a medical clinic. These attacks were carried out on the towns of Taybeh and Deir Siriane, close to the Israeli border.
- ^ "Israeli airstrike kills 11 in northeast Lebanon". Naharnet. 29 September 2024. Retrieved 29 September 2024.
- ^ "IDF kills another senior Hezbollah official in Beirut; fresh barrage targets Tiberias". The Times of Israel. 29 September 2024. Retrieved 29 September 2024.
Lebanon's state news agency reported that an Israeli airstrike in northeast Lebanon on Sunday morning killed 11 people, without specifying if any of those killed in the village of al-Ain were members of Hezbollah.
- ^ Urooba Jamal; Maziar Motamedi; Edna Mohamed (29 September 2024). "Israeli attack kills 17 members of a family in Lebanon's Bekaa". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 29 September 2024.
Lebanon's National News Agency (NNA) is reporting that at least 17 members of one family were killed in an Israeli air strike that hit the town of Zboud in the country's northern Bekaa Valley. The search for survivors under the rubble is still ongoing, NNA said.
- ^ a b Urooba Jamal; Edna Mohamed; Usaid Siddiqui; Tamila Varshalomidze (30 September 2024). "At least 45 people killed in Israeli attack on southern Lebanon". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
Lebanon's Health Ministry says the death toll from an Israeli raid on the southern town of Ain al-Delb, east of Sidon, has risen to 45. At least 75 people have been wounded. Separately, the ministry said 12 people were killed and 20 wounded after an Israeli raid on Bekaa town on Sunday night.
- ^ "24 People Killed in Israeli Attack on Ain Deleb, Lebanon's Health Ministry Says". Asharq Al-Awsat. 29 September 2024. Retrieved 29 September 2024.
- ^ "Israel plans an imminent and limited ground operation in Lebanon, according to US official source cited by multiple media: Day 360 of the Gaza and Lebanon wars". L'Orient Le Jour. 30 September 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
- ^ Wright, George; Moench, Mallory (1 October 2024). "Lebanon latest: Israel tells US it plans to launch limited ground incursion into Lebanon". BBC. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
- ^ "Israeli forces have carried out raids in Lebanon for months, military says". Reuters. 1 October 2024.
- ^ "Israel's last war against Hezbollah ended in stalemate. Fierce border clashes suggest a win won't be easy". CNN. 12 October 2024.
- ^ "walla!" וואלה!.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Israeli Special Forces Launch Raids Into Lebanon Ahead of Expected Ground Incursion". The Wall Street Journal. 30 September 2024.
- ^ "Live updates: Israeli ground operation in Lebanon appears to have begun, U.S. officials say". NBC News. 30 September 2024. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
- ^ Harvey, Lex; Haq, Sana Noor; Radford, Antoinette; Hammond, Elise; Sangal, Aditi (30 September 2024). "Live updates: Hezbollah leader's killing escalates war with Israel". CNN. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
- ^ Valdez, Jonah (1 October 2024). "Israel's "Limited, Localized" Invasion of Lebanon Is Sparking a Regional War". The Intercept. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ Mccready, Alastair (1 October 2024). "Israeli military bombs home in Lebanese town of al-Dawoudiya, killing 10". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
The Israeli military bombed a home in the southern Lebanese town of Daoudiya, killing at least 10 people and wounding five others, the Lebanese National News Agency reports.
- ^ "Israel says Iran has fired missiles at Israel and it warned residents to shelter in place". Associated Press. 1 October 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
- ^ Reals, Tucker; Ott, Haley (1 October 2024). "Iran launches missile attack on Israel, but military says no casualties reported". CBS News. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
- ^ Christou, William (21 October 2023). "In Lebanon, war with Israel threatens the olive harvest". New Arab. Archived from the original on 10 December 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
- ^ Atallah, Nada Maucourant; Prentis, Jamie (22 October 2023). "South Lebanon farmers fear grim harvest if war breaks out". The National. Archived from the original on 14 November 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
- ^ Alkousaa, Riham (2 November 2023). "Lebanon says fires destroy 40,000 olive trees, blames Israeli shelling". Reuters. Archived from the original on 1 December 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
- ^ "Lebanon: At a Glance - Escalation of hostilities in South Lebanon, as of 21 March 2024 [EN/AR] - Lebanon". ReliefWeb. 22 March 2024. Retrieved 22 March 2024.
- ^ "Damage caused by Israeli attacks in S. Lebanon exceeds 3 bln USD: minister". Xinhua. 23 April 2024. Retrieved 2 May 2024.
- ^ IIF says Lebanese economy is vulnerable to Hamas-Israel war Archived 10 December 2023 at the Wayback Machine L'Orient-Le Jour. 1 November 2023
- ^ "Lebanon: Flash Update #17 - Escalation of hostilities in south Lebanon, as of 2 May 2024". UNOCHA. 8 May 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
- ^ "Lebanon: At a Glance - Escalation of hostilities in South Lebanon, as of 29 May 2024 [EN/AR] - Lebanon". reliefweb.int. 30 May 2024. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
- ^ "Mapping Israel-Lebanon cross-border attacks". Al Jazeera. 15 April 2024. Retrieved 3 May 2024.
- ^ "UN launches investigation into Lebanon explosion that injured peacekeepers". news.un.org. 30 March 2024. Retrieved 3 May 2024.
- ^ a b Rosenberg, David (5 June 2024). "Why Israel's North Won't Be the Same After the Gaza War". Haaretz. Retrieved 21 September 2024.
- ^ Samber, Sharon (15 July 2024). "As Conflict Grows in Northern Israel, HIAS Is There To Help". HIAS. Retrieved 21 September 2024.
- ^ "Hezbollah downs IDF drone over south Lebanon, fires heavy rockets at north". The Times of Israel. 1 June 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
- ^ "IDF says its drone has been shot down over Lebanon; reports say Hezbollah responsible". The Times of Israel. 10 June 2024. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
- ^ "Hezbollah Attacks Continue Posing "Real Danger" to Israeli Settlers: Missiles Damaged More than 500 Houses". Al-Manar. 2 February 2024. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
Ynet reported on Thursday that "more than 500 homes and buildings were damaged from Hezbollah fire since the war began."
- ^ "Hezbollah barrages deal heavy damage in northern Israel". Arab News. 24 May 2024. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
- ^ "In the ghost town of Metula, over 60% of buildings have been destroyed by Hezbollah". The Times of Israel. 10 November 2024. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ a b Sullivan, Becky (16 January 2024). "War in Gaza is testing Israel's economy. A 2nd front against Hezbollah could break it". NPR. Retrieved 21 September 2024.
- ^ "Once-thriving agriculture struggles to stay afloat in evacuated northern border area". The Times of Israel. 28 March 2024. Retrieved 21 September 2024.
- ^ "Israel boosts egg import quota amid war in North". The Jerusalem Post. 19 August 2024. Retrieved 21 September 2024.
- ^ Serhan, Yasmeen (18 September 2024). "6 Questions About the Deadly Pager Attacks in Lebanon, Answered". Time. Retrieved 19 September 2024.
- ^ "Statement by the Partner Organisations to the Safety of Journalists Platform on the one-year anniversary of Russia's invasion of Ukraine". Council of Europe. 24 February 2023. Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
- ^ "RSF video investigation into the death of Reuters reporter Issam Abdallah in Lebanon: the journalists' vehicle was explicitly targeted". Reporters Without Borders. 29 October 2023. Archived from the original on 25 November 2023. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
- ^ McNeill, Zane (10 October 2023). "Palestinian Journalists Targeted, Killed Amid Israel's Onslaught on Gaza". Truthout. Archived from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
- ^ "Israeli attack in southern Lebanon kills journalist, wounds several others". Al Jazeera. 13 October 2023. Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
- ^ Sallon, Hélène (29 October 2023). "Guerre Israël-Hamas: selon RSF, les journalistes victimes de frappes au Liban étaient ciblés". Le Monde (in French). Archived from the original on 30 October 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
- ^ "Israel-Hamas War: Update from Euan Ward". The New York Times. 31 October 2023. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
- ^ "Amnesty International says Israel used white phosphorus in Gaza, Lebanon". Al Jazeera. 2 November 2023. Archived from the original on 17 February 2024. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
- ^ William Christou; Alex Horton; Meg Kelly (11 December 2023). "Israel used U.S.-supplied white phosphorus in Lebanon attack". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 10 February 2024. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
- ^ a b c "Lebanon: Israel's White Phosphorous Use Risks Civilian Harm". Human Rights Watch. 5 June 2024. Retrieved 11 June 2024.
- ^ Baaklini, Suzanne (8 November 2023). "Israel's phosphorous bombs destroyed over 4.5 million sq m of forest in southern Lebanon". L'Orient Today. Archived from the original on 30 November 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2023.
- ^ "Statement of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, Fatou Bensouda, following the transfer of the first suspect in the Mali investigation: "Intentional attacks against historic monuments and buildings dedicated to religion are grave crimes"". International Criminal Court. 26 September 2015. Archived from the original on 28 December 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
- ^ "Over 160 rescuers killed in year-long Israel-Hezbollah clashes, Lebanon's health minister reports". WION. 25 October 2024. Retrieved 25 October 2024.
- ^ "Israeli Attacks on Medics Apparent War Crimes". Human Rights Watch. 30 October 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
- ^ Anti-tank Missile Fired From Lebanon at Church Wounds Nine Israeli Soldiers, One Civilian Archived 26 December 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Adi Hashmonai for Haaretz, posted and retrieved 26 December 2023.
- ^ Hezbollah fires anti-tank missile at church in northern Israel, wounding civilian Archived 26 December 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Emanuel Fabian for Times of Israel, posted and retrieved 26 December 2023.
- ^ IDF: 9 troops hurt, including 1 seriously, while evacuating wounded man from church hit by Hezbollah Archived 26 December 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Emanuel Fabian for Times of Israel, posted and retrieved 26 December 2023.
- ^ "Two members of Hezbollah-affiliated rescue force in Lebanon killed in Israeli strike". Al Arabiya English. 11 January 2024. Archived from the original on 13 January 2024. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
- ^ "نعيٌ رسمي.. 3 شهداء لـالهيئة الصحية إثر غارة العديسة و الصحة تستنكر" [Official obituary.. 3 martyrs of the "Health Authority" following the Al-Adaysah raid, and the "Health Authority" condemns]. Lebanon24 (in Arabic). 3 April 2024. Retrieved 4 March 2024.
- ^ "Human Rights Watch says Israel attack on Lebanon rescuers was unlawful". Arab News. 7 May 2024. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
- ^ "Lebanon: Flash Update #19 - Escalation of hostilities in south Lebanon, as of 29 May 2024 - Lebanon". ReliefWeb. 5 June 2024. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
- ^ Crawford, Alex. "Lebanese emergency workers say they are under 'specific attack' by Israelis - but won't be intimidated to leave". Sky News. Retrieved 9 October 2024.
- ^ Saleh, Heba (5 October 2024). "Lebanon says 50 medics killed in past three days as Israel extends its bombardment". Financial Times. Retrieved 9 October 2024.
- ^ Jalabi, Raya; Tapper, Malaika Kanaaneh (14 October 2024). "Israel accused of targeting medics in Lebanon after 150 killed". Financial Times. Retrieved 16 October 2024.
- ^ Goodwin, Allegra; Qiblawi, Tamara (2 November 2024). "Israeli military dropped bombs in 'lethal proximity' of at least 19 Lebanese hospitals, CNN analysis finds". CNN. Retrieved 2 November 2024.
- ^ Harb, Ali (18 September 2024). "Do Lebanon explosions violate the laws of war?". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 22 September 2024.
- ^ a b c d Oliphant, Roland; Confino, Jotam (18 September 2024). "Israel declares new phase of war after walkie-talkie bomb attacks". The Daily Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 19 September 2024.
- ^ "UN denounces Lebanon device blasts as violation of international law". Voice of America. Agence France-Presse. 20 September 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ a b c Boothby, William H. (18 September 2024). "Exploding Pagers and the Law". Articles of War. Lieber Institute for Law & Warfare. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
- ^ "Article 7 - Prohibitions on the use of booby-traps and other devices". Protocol II to the 1980 CCW Convention as amended on 3 May 1996. International Humanitarian Law Databases. 3 May 1996. Retrieved 18 September 2024 – via International Committee of the Red Cross.
- ^ "The Joint Service Manual of the Law Of Armed Conflict" (PDF). Ministry of Defence. 2004. pp. 105–107. JSP383. Retrieved 19 September 2024.
6.7.3 Where combat between ground forces is neither taking place nor appears imminent, booby-traps may not be used at all in populated areas unless ... measures are taken to protect civilians from their effects, for example, the posting of warning [signs, the posting of] sentries, the issue of warnings or the provision of fences. 6.7.4 'It is prohibited to use booby-traps in the form of apparently harmless portable objects which are specifically designed and constructed to contain explosive material.'
- ^ "Law of War Manual" (PDF). United States Department of Defense. July 2023 [June 2015]. p. 398. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
- ^ The Shifts in Hizbullah's Ideology: Religious Ideology, Political Ideology, and Political Program. Joseph Elie Alagha, Amsterdam University Press, 2006, ISBN 978-90-5356-910-8, 380 pages, p. 188.
- ^ Houssari, Najia (25 December 2023). "Plea for Lebanon to remain neutral amid Israel-Hezbollah hostilities". Arab News.
- ^ "Electric company says one of its workers was killed in Hezbollah attack yesterday". The Times of Israel. 3 March 2024. Archived from the original on 3 March 2024. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
- ^ "A 'dark day' for Majdal Shams: Druze community grieves after Hezbollah strike kills 12". The Times of Israel. 28 July 2024. Archived from the original on 28 July 2024. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
- ^ Rob Picheta; Michael Schwartz; Catherine Nicholls; Gianluca Mezzofiore; Benjamin Brown; Jeremy Diamond; Abeer Salman (28 July 2024). "Israel says Hezbollah will 'pay the price' after blaming it for attack on soccer field that killed 12". CNN. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
- ^ Kraus, Yair (10 July 2024). "Noa and Nir were killed in a rocket barrage on the Golan, leaving their 3 children orphans". Ynetnews. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ "Two civilians killed by Hezbollah rocket fire in northern Israel". bbc. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ Carmel Luzati (26 December 2023). ""שני מטר למעלה זה היה פוגע בנו": צוות חדשות 13 תחת אש חיזבאללה" ["Two meters up it would have hurt us": News 13 team under fire from Hezbollah]. Channel 13 (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 31 December 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
- ^ a b "Hezbollah's threats to Israel harm Christian Lebanese villages analysis". The Jerusalem Post. 22 October 2023. Archived from the original on 20 November 2023. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
- ^ "Hezbollah denies trying to fire rockets from Rmeish". Naharnet. 27 March 2024. Archived from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
- ^ "Kataeb slams Hezbollah for 'storing weapons near houses'". Naharnet. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
- ^ "Hezbollah using ambulances for terrorist purposes, says IDF Arabic spox". The Jerusalem Post. 19 March 2024. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
- ^ "Implementation of Security Council resolution 1701 (2006) during the period from 21 October 2023 to 20 February 2024" (PDF). United Nations Security Council. 8 March 2024.
- ^ "Hezbollah using UN peace-keepers as 'human shields' says Israel". www.thejc.com. Retrieved 31 October 2024.
- ^ "Beirut strike: Top Hezbollah commanders killed in Israeli strike". www.bbc.com. Retrieved 31 October 2024.
- ^ "Missiles in living room: Israel releases photos of Hezbollah's arms in civilian homes". The Times of India. 24 September 2024. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 28 October 2024.
- ^ Fabian, Emanuel (25 September 2024). "IDF airs images from Lebanon showing Hezbollah stored weapons inside homes". Times of Israel. Retrieved 28 October 2024.
- ^ "Watch: Israel releases video showing secondary explosions linked to weapons storage amid attacks on Lebanon". The Times of India. 26 September 2024. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 31 October 2024.
- ^ "Lebanon to submit urgent complaint against Israel to UN Security Council". Dawn. 6 November 2023. Archived from the original on 6 November 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
- ^ "Lebanese Christian leader says Hezbollah's fighting with Israel has harmed Lebanon". AP. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 14 October 2024.
- ^ Cleveland, Catherine (8 January 2024). "In the Shadow of Hezbollah-Israel Escalation, Poll Shows Slim Majority of Lebanese Still Want Focus on Domestic Reforms over "Foreign Wars"". The Washington Institute.
- ^ a b c "Lebanese Politicians To Hizbullah: Don't Involve Lebanon In A War Against Israel". MEMRI. 11 October 2023. Archived from the original on 6 November 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
- ^ ארי, ליאור בן (5 December 2023). "חמאס הודיע על הקמת "חלוצי מבול אל-אקצא" בלבנון - במדינה זועמים" [Hamas announced the establishment of the "Al-Aqsa Flood Pioneers" in Lebanon - the country is angry]. Ynet (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 2 January 2024. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
- ^ a b "Public Uproar In Lebanon Following Hamas-Lebanon's Announcement Of New Resistance Organization: We Don't Want 'Hamas-Land' In Lebanon". MEMRI. 12 December 2023. Archived from the original on 17 January 2024. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
- ^ Prentis, Jamie (7 January 2024). "Beirut airport's screens hacked with anti-Hezbollah message". The National. Archived from the original on 8 January 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
- ^ "Lebanese patriarch to Hezbollah: We refuse to be sacrificial lambs". The Jerusalem Post. 28 January 2024. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
- ^ Mroue, Bassem; Fam, Mariam (29 March 2024). "A Lebanese nun's request to pray for Hezbollah fighters highlights schisms over the group's weapons". CityNews. Associated Press.
- ^ Nashed, Mat (27 June 2024). "Palestinians in Lebanon ready to fight if Israel starts war with Hezbollah". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
- ^ "Iran Update, January 9, 2024". Institute for the Study of War. Archived from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
- ^ "Iran-backed militias in Iraq claim to have targeted Israeli gas rig in Mediterranean". The Times of Israel. 22 December 2023. Archived from the original on 22 December 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
- ^ "Iraqi groups vows to support Hezbollah if battle with Israel grows". Shafaq News. 23 June 2024. Retrieved 23 June 2024.
- ^ "Thousands of Iran-backed fighters offer to join Hezbollah in its fight against Israel". Associated Press. 23 June 2024. Retrieved 23 June 2024.
- ^ "Iraqi militia leader threatens attack on U.S. interests". Xinhua. 25 June 2024. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
- ^ "Blinken thanks Lebanon's leader for work preventing country 'being pulled into a war'". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
- ^ Ravid, Barak (12 November 2023). "Pentagon chief warned Israel about Israeli military actions in Lebanon". Axios. Archived from the original on 14 November 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
- ^ "The US is sending a few thousand more troops to the Middle East to boost security". Associated Press. 30 September 2024.
- ^ @usembassybeirut (27 September 2024). "The U.S. Embassy is not evacuating U.S. citizens at this time. There is a commercially available flight that U.S. citizens who expressed interest in departing Lebanon will have to book and pay directly with the airline" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ Valdez, Jonah (3 October 2024). "U.S. Citizens in Lebanon "Abandoned" by the State Department as Israel Invades". The Intercept. Retrieved 8 October 2024.
- ^ Harb, Ali (3 October 2024). "'As if we don't exist': Under bombs in Lebanon, Americans feel abandoned". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 8 October 2024.
- ^ "Lebanese Americans hope class action lawsuit will help reunite families". Yahoo! News. WXYZ-TV. 3 October 2024. Retrieved 8 October 2024.
- ^ "France to give armoured vehicles to Lebanese army - defence minister". Reuters. 6 November 2023. Archived from the original on 9 November 2023. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
- ^ "Canada tells citizens to leave Lebanon for fear of war between Israel, Hezbollah". The Times of Israel. 25 June 2024. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
- ^ "Kuwait urges its citizens in Lebanon to leave the country amid increasing tensions". The Jerusalem Post. 22 June 2024. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
- ^ "Germany, Netherlands urge their citizens to leave Lebanon, citing Israel-Hezbollah war fears". The Times of Israel. 26 June 2024. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
- ^ Damcheska, Marina (23 June 2024). "The Ministry of Foreign Affairs appeals to our citizens to leave Lebanon: The situation may worsen". Sloboden Pečat. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
- ^ "Canadian military planning for evacuation of 20,000 from Lebanon, says top commander". CBC News. 27 June 2024. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
- ^ "Suspects held over alleged Hezbollah plot in Brazil". BBC. 9 November 2023. Archived from the original on 9 November 2023. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
- ^ "France warns against Lebanon travel, joining Western states". France 24. 17 October 2023. Archived from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
- ^ "Lebanon: Flash Update #2 - Escalation of hostilities in south Lebanon, 25 November 2023 - Lebanon". ReliefWeb. 26 November 2023. Archived from the original on 14 December 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2023.