Wikipedia

Alexander Tikhonov

(Redirected from Aleksandr Tikhonov)
For the pharmacist, see Oleksandr Tikhonov. For other people with the name, see Alexander Tikhonov (disambiguation).
In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Ivanovich and the family name is Tikhonov.

Alexander Ivanovich Tikhonov (Russian: Александр Иванович Тихонов; born 2 January 1947) is a former Soviet-Russian biathlete. On 23 July 2007, he was found guilty of conspiracy to commit murder and sentenced to three years of imprisonment, but he was amnestied immediately and did not spend any time in prison.

Alexander Tikhonov
Tikhonov in 2015
Personal information
Full nameAlexander Ivanovich Tikhonov
Born (1947-01-02) 2 January 1947 (age 77)
Uyskoye, Kolkhozny, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
Height1.73 m (5 ft 8 in)
Professional information
SportBiathlon
World Cup debut13 January 1978
Olympic Games
Teams4 (1968, 1972, 1976, 1980)
Medals5 (4 gold)
World Championships
Teams11 (1967, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979)
Medals17 (11 gold)
World Cup
Seasons3 (1977/78–1979/80)
Individual victories2
Individual podiums4
Medal record
Men's biathlon
Representing  Soviet Union
Olympic Games
Gold medal – first place 1968 Grenoble 4 × 7.5 km relay
Gold medal – first place 1972 Sapporo 4 × 7.5 km relay
Gold medal – first place 1976 Innsbruck 4 × 7.5 km relay
Gold medal – first place 1980 Lake Placid 4 × 7.5 km relay
Silver medal – second place 1968 Grenoble 20 km individual
World Championships
Gold medal – first place 1969 Zakopane 20 km individual
Gold medal – first place 1969 Zakopane 4 × 7.5 km relay
Gold medal – first place 1970 Östersund 20 km individual
Gold medal – first place 1970 Östersund 4 × 7.5 km relay
Gold medal – first place 1971 Hämeenlinna 4 × 7.5 km relay
Gold medal – first place 1973 Lake Placid 20 km individual
Gold medal – first place 1973 Lake Placid 4 × 7.5 km relay
Gold medal – first place 1974 Minsk 4 × 7.5 km relay
Gold medal – first place 1976 Antholz-Anterselva 10 km sprint
Gold medal – first place 1977 Lillehammer 10 km sprint
Gold medal – first place 1977 Lillehammer 4 × 7.5 km relay
Silver medal – second place 1967 Altenberg 4 × 7.5 km relay
Silver medal – second place 1971 Hämeenlinna 20 km individual
Silver medal – second place 1975 Antholz-Anterselva 4 × 7.5 km relay
Silver medal – second place 1979 Ruhpolding 20 km individual
Bronze medal – third place 1977 Lillehammer 20 km individual
Bronze medal – third place 1979 Ruhpolding 4 × 7.5 km relay

Life and career

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Tikhonov trained at Dynamo in Novosibirsk. He won nine world championship biathlon gold medals and four Olympic gold medals. He lacks an individual Olympic gold medal in his cupboard, but took part in the gold medal relay winning teams in 1968, 1972, 1976, and 1980. W.D. Frank, author of Everyone to Skis! Skiing in Russia and the Rise of Soviet Biathlon, wrote in his book that Tikhonov was a member of the KGB.[1][2]

In 1999 he ran for election to become governor of the Moscow region, but Tikhonov lost in the first round.[3]

After Tikhonov was charged with conspiracy to commit murder, he fled and lived in Austria for several years in the early 2000s.

During the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing, when biathlete Valeria Vasnetsova complained about the quality of food she was receiving at her hotel, Tikhonov said: "I would cut off Vasnetsova's tongue for such complaints. At the 1980 Olympics, we lived in America like in a prison and nobody complained."[4]

In September 2023, he publicly supported Russia's attack on Ukraine.[5] Tikhonov volunteered to serve in the "special military operation" in Ukraine in 2023.[6]

International Biathlon Union; bribery

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Tikhonov led the Russian Biathlon Union from 1995 to 2008, soon after he was convicted of trying to have a politician killed.[7][8]

In May 2002, after Tikhonov fled to Austria to avoid trial for conspiracy to commit murder, he was chosen as vice president of the International Biathlon Union (IBU), the sport's governing body.[9] He held that position until 2010.[8]

A two-year investigation by the IBU found that Tikhonov offered a bribe of a jewelry box with valuable jewelry to IBU Secretary General Nicole Resch, "to induce her not to pursue suspected doping by Russian biathletes in 2008/2009".[8][10][11][12] The doping cases were three erythropoietin (EPO) cases the IBU had brought against three Russian national team biathletes, Ekaterina Iourieva, Albina Akhatova and Dmitry Yaroshenko.[13][14]

In 2010, he was the second in command at the IBU, and vice president of the Russian Biathlon Union.[9] His presence at the 2010 Winter Olympics troubled many of biathlon's leaders, who said Tikhonov's conviction for trying to arrange a murder damaged the image of the sport.[9] Dr. James Carrabre, a Canadian member of the IBU executive board, said: "It's not good for us, it's not good for our sponsors, to have this perception that maybe we have someone who is a criminal on our board."[9] IBU President Anders Besseberg said Tikhonov's conviction and amnesty created a "difficult and tricky" situation.[9]

The independent External Review Commission of the IBU concluded that Tikhonov attempted to buy votes at the 2014 IBU Congress elections.[12] It also concluded that generally he was not a reliable witness.[8]

In 2018, he was a Georgian delegate for the IBU Congress.[15] He said he would make a congressional proposal that neither Baiba Broka nor Olle Dahlin deserved to be the IBU President.[15] Broka said Tikhonov "always finds only bad things in other people, especially if they candidate for the post of President of the IBU. The fact that he will represent Georgia, raises question why he is not representing his own country".[15]

Conspiracy to commit murder

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In 2000, he was accused by prosecutors of participating in planning the assassination of western Siberian Kemerovo Oblast governor Aman Tuleyev.[9][3] According to the prosecution, a businessman named Mikhail Zhivilo and his company MIKOM had a business conflict with Tuleyev, and Zhivilo decided to organize Tuleyev's murder as revenge. Zhivilo knew Tikhonov and allegedly asked him to arrange the murder of Tuleyev.[9] Tikhonov put Zhivilo in touch with his younger brother, Viktor Tikhonov, to help arrange the murder. His younger brother hired two potential killers from an organized crime group to commit the murder-–Vladimir Kharchenko and Sergey Nikanorov, who Russian media reported were promised $700,000.[9][3] Kharchenko and Nikanorov instead went to the FSB, and told them about the murder plans.[9]

Viktor Tikhonov was convicted in 2002, and sentenced to four years of imprisonment.[1] He served his term in a maximum security prison.[9][1][16]

Alexander Tikhonov, was charged and arrested in August 2020, but was released from custody a month later when he claimed he was unwell—with an order to remain in Russia. However, he disobeyed the order and fled the country for Austria and Germany, where he lived for several years.[8][17][1][9] He was indicted separately from the other accused. On 23 July 2007, he was tried and found guilty of conspiracy to commit murder, and sentenced to three years of imprisonment.[9] However, he was amnestied immediately due to his decorated Olympic career, and did not spend any time in prison.[18] Leonid Tyagachev, president of the Russian Olympic Committee from 2001 to 2010, approved of his amnesty, opining: "The person who has devoted all his life to Russia can't be guilty of anything."[19]

Honours and awards

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Biathlon results

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All results are sourced from the International Biathlon Union.[20]

Olympic Games

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5 medals (4 gold, 1 silver)

Event Individual Sprint Relay
  1968 Grenoble Silver — Gold
  1972 Sapporo 4th — Gold
  1976 Innsbruck 5th — Gold
  1980 Lake Placid — 9th Gold
*Sprint was added as an event in 1980.

World Championships

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17 medals (11 gold, 4 silver, 2 bronze)

Event Individual Sprint Relay
  1967 Altenberg 9th — Silver
  1969 Zakopane Gold — Gold
  1970 Östersund Gold — Gold
  1971 Hämeenlinna Silver — Gold
  1973 Lake Placid Gold — Gold
  1974 Minsk 5th 11th Gold
  1975 Antholz-Anterselva 7th 6th Silver
  1976 Antholz-Anterselva — Gold —
  1977 Lillehammer Bronze Gold Gold
  1978 Hochfilzen 17th 17th 4th
  1979 Ruhpolding Silver 6th Bronze
*During Olympic seasons competitions are only held for those events not included in the Olympic program.
**Sprint was added as an event in 1974.

Individual victories

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2 victories (1 In, 1 Sp)

Season Date Location Discipline Level
1978–79
2 victories
(1 In, 1 Sp)		 21 January 1979   Antholz-Anterselva 10 km sprint Biathlon World Cup
6 April 1979   Bardufoss 20 km individual Biathlon World Cup
*Results are from UIPMB and IBU races which include the Biathlon World Cup, Biathlon World Championships and the Winter Olympic Games.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d Wolff, Alexander. "GOOD AS GOLD". Sports Illustrated.
  2. ^ "In New Book, a Look At Soviet Biathlon as Tool in Ideological War – FasterSkier.com". fasterskier.com.
  3. ^ a b c "Russian biathlete held in poison plot". BBC.
  4. ^ "Winter Olympics - 'Cut off her tongue' - Former Olympic champion Tikhonov in shocking attack on Valeria Vasnetsova"
  5. ^ "Міністерство молоді та спорту України - Alexander Tikhonov". mms.gov.ua.
  6. ^ "Medal-winning Olympic biathlete Tikhonov tells of aid effort for Russian troops in Ukraine".
  7. ^ "Russia's Favorite New Soap Opera: Biathlon"
  8. ^ a b c d e FINAL REPORT OF THE IBU EXTERNAL REVIEW COMMISSION; REDACTED VERSION, 28 January 2021.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "In biathlon, concerns about Russia's program"
  10. ^ Panja, Tariq (28 January 2021). "Hunting Trips, Sex and Cash: How Russia Influenced Biathlon's Leader". The New York Times.
  11. ^ "Biathlon boss linked to corruption, prostitutes and hunting parties". France 24. 28 January 2021.
  12. ^ a b "IBU commission says ex-Russian Biathlon Union chiefs complicit in corruption breaches". TASS.
  13. ^ "IBU review uncovers evidence of "systematic corruption and unethical conduct"". www.insidethegames.biz. 28 January 2021.
  14. ^ "Besserberg was paid with prostitutes: a new round of scandal around Russian biathlon". en.newizv.ru.
  15. ^ a b c "Tikhonov claims will file motion for Congress to reject IBU Presidential candidates". insidethegames.biz. 2 September 2018.
  16. ^ "Olympic champ wanted for governor murder plot, brother convicted". Pravda Report. 2 August 2002.
  17. ^ "Russian biathlon star avoids jail". BBC. 24 July 2007.
  18. ^ "Aleksandr Tikhonov Amnestied by the Court". lenta.ru. 23 July 2007.
  19. ^ David Walsh (29 January 2024). "Prostitutes, jewellery and luxury trips: How the Russians corrupted an Olympic sport". thetimes.co.uk.
  20. ^ "Alexander Tikhonov". IBU Datacenter. International Biathlon Union. Archived from the original on 26 July 2015. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
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