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Augustus Charles Gregory

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Sir Augustus Charles Gregory KCMG FRSGS[1] (1 August 1819 – 25 June 1905) was an English-born Australian explorer and surveyor. Between 1846 and 1858 he undertook four major expeditions. He was the first Surveyor-General of Queensland. He was appointed a lifetime Member of the Queensland Legislative Council.

The Honourable
Sir Augustus Gregory
KCMG, FRSGS
Augustus Charles Gregory, c. 1903
Member of the Queensland Legislative Council
In office
10 November 1882 – 25 June 1905
Personal details
Born
Augustus Charles Gregory

(1819-08-01)1 August 1819
Farnsfield, Nottinghamshire, England
Died25 June 1905(1905-06-25) (aged 85)
Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Resting placeToowong Cemetery
NationalityEnglish Australian
RelationsJoshua Gregory (father), Francis Thomas Gregory (brother)
OccupationSurveyor
Known forExploration of Australia
Surveyor General of Queensland

Early years

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Augustus Charles Gregory was born at Farnsfield, Nottingham, England. He was the second of five brothers born to Joshua Gregory and Frances Churchman. Among his brothers were Francis Thomas Gregory, who also became a noted explorer.[citation needed]

  1. Joshua William Gregory, born 1815, died 20 September 1850 aged 35.
  2. Augustus Charles Gregory, born 1 August 1819, died 1905 aged 86
  3. Francis (Frank) Thomas Gregory, born 1821.
  4. Henry Churcham Gregory, born 1823, died London 29 July 1903 aged 79 years[2]
  5. Charles Frederick Gregory, born 1825.

A. C. Gregory was educated privately by tutors and later by his mother. In 1829, the family emigrated to Western Australia on board the Lotus, arriving at the Swan River Colony only four months after its establishment.[citation needed]

The Gregory family were initially granted land on the left bank of the Swan River, but the soil was poor, and they later obtained two further grants, one at Maylands and another in the Upper Swan district. For much of the 1830s, Augustus took jobs to supplement the family's income. For a while he worked for a chemist, and later in partnership with his brother Joshua William as a contract surveyor. In December 1841, he joined the Government Survey Office.[citation needed]

Explorations

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Augustus Gregory – Australian exploration routes
 
Gregory's Tree above Victoria River, appr. 20 km west of Timber Creek. The date, 2 July 1856, was carved into it by Thomas Baines, the expedition's artist.

In 1846, with his two brothers, F. T. Gregory and H. C. Gregory, he made his first exploration. With four horses and seven weeks' provisions they left T. N. Yule's station 60 miles northeast of Perth on 7 August 1846 and explored a considerable amount of the country to the north of Perth, returning after an absence of 47 days during which they had covered 953 miles (1534 km).[citation needed]

Two years later, Gregory with his brother C. F. Gregory, led an expedition to examine the course of the Gascoyne River and, in particular, to look for new pasture-land. The party left on 2 September 1848, crossing the Murchison River 25 September, but the country was very dry and it became difficult to water the horses. Gregory decided to turn south again in the beginning of October, and on 6 October decided to rest the horses by the Murchison River. The party returned to Perth on 12 November after having found good pastures. Despite water supply difficulties, about 1500 miles (2414 km) were covered in a period of 10 weeks.[3]

In 1854 while Assistant Surveyor of Western Australia, Gregory was asked to lead an expedition to the interior, from a rendezvous point at Moreton Bay near Brisbane. Gregory had his brother, H. C. Gregory, as second in command and Baron von Mueller as botanist. There were 19 men altogether, with 50 horses and 200 sheep. The party left Moreton Bay by sea on 12 August 1855, and Port Essington was sighted on 1 September. On the next day their vessel grounded on a reef and it was impossible to float off until 10 September. They proceeded to Pearce Point (Joseph Bonaparte Gulf), and at the end of the month the party reached the estuary of the Victoria River. The party split up, with one group going up the river in a schooner, while Gregory led the other over the range.[citation needed] It was on this trip that Gregory made contact with the Gurindji people, with his party their first ever contact with Europeans.[4]

Gregory had secured the services of John Gilburri Fahy. Gilburri had recently been captured after living thirteen years with the Bunya Mountains aborigines.[5] Gregory made a deal with Fahy to act as bush guide for the mission and lead him to the last known place of missing explorer Ludwig Leichhardt. Gregory promised Fahy would receive a full pardon which he did so in 1857.[5]

They were reunited on 20 October, establishing a camp 20 km west of today's Timber Creek. Gregory led several forays up the Victoria River and traced Sturt's Creek for 300 miles (483 km) until it disappeared in the Tanami Desert. The core team returned to the base camp in the dry season of 1856. On 2 July 1856 Gregory left an inscription on a large boab tree (so-called Gregory's Tree), indicating where he left a letter in case the expedition team should get lost. Turning east, the party explored the Elsey, Roper and Macarthur Rivers, then travelled back to Brisbane by way of the Flinders, Burdekin, Fitzroy and Burnett Rivers. They reached Brisbane on 16 December 1856 having surveyed an extensive swath of land. In sixteen months the expedition had journeyed over 2000 miles (3219 km) by sea and 5000 (8047 km) by land.[citation needed]

In September 1857 Gregory was hired by the government of New South Wales to search for traces of Ludwig Leichhardt, a fellow explorer who had disappeared on an earlier expedition. A party of nine was formed with Gregory in command and his brother, C. F. Gregory, as second in command. On 24 March 1858 the expedition left Juandah near the present town of Taroom. On 21 April a tree marked with an L was found in latitude 24 degrees 35 minutes and longitude 146 degrees 6 minutes. The Barcoo River was then followed to its junction with the Thomson. On 15 May the country was so dry the expedition turned south to save the horses. Cooper Creek was followed until it was close to the South Australian border, coming to Strzelecki Creek on 14 June. Continuing his course mostly to the south, on 26 June he decided to proceed to Adelaide, which was reached at the end of July 1858.[citation needed]

Later life

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Rainworth, residence of Sir Augustus Charles Gregory, Bardon, ca. 1885
 
Sir Augustus Charles Gregory lying in state, Masonic Hall, Alice Street, Brisbane, 1905
 
Funeral procession of Sir Augustus Charles Gregory, Brisbane, 1905
 
The grave of Sir Augustus Charles Gregory at Brisbane's Toowong Cemetery.
 
Plaque on Gregory's grave.

In 1855 Gregory became a freemason in the Sydney Samaritan Lodge in New South Wales.[6]

Gregory was awarded the Founder's Medal of the Royal Geographical Society in 1858.[citation needed]

Gregory undertook no further explorations but was appointed Surveyor General of Queensland in 1859.[7] He later clashed with William Alcock Tully (then under-secretary for public lands and chief commissioner of crown lands); in 1875 Tully became acting surveyor-general in place of Gregory.[8] Gregory then became a geological surveyor.[7]

In 1862, he built by hand the now heritage-listed farmhouse Rainworth at Rosalie in Brisbane. He lived there until his death.[9] He leased a home he had built on the Rainworth estate to surveying colleague, Walter C. Hume, which he and his family re-named "Fairseat".[10]

On 23 December 1862, Gregory was appointed Provincial Grand Master of the England masonic Lodge in Queensland.[11]

In 1865 Gregory, Maurice Charles O’Connell and John Douglas applied for a special grant of land to erect a Masonic Hall in Brisbane. This was granted on 15 January 1865.[12] On 28 February 1865 Gregory was made a Royal Arch Mason in the North Australia Royal Arch Chapter.[6]

From 1880 to his death in 1905, he served as a councillor of the Shire of Toowong and as an alderman of its successor, the Town of Toowong. He was shire president for 12 years, being 1881 to 1884, 1888 to 1890, 1895, 1898 to 1901 and town mayor in 1904.[13]

On 10 November 1882 Gregory was made a member of the Queensland Legislative Council (a lifetime appointment).[14] By the late 1880s he had built a summer house in Southport. With his brother, F. T. Gregory, he published their Journals of Australian Exploration in 1884.[citation needed]

He was interested in scientific research and was a trustee of the Queensland Museum. Early in 1895, Gregory was appointed Grand Superintendent of Royal Arch Masonry in Queensland. On 25 June 1895 he opened the District Grand Chapter.[6]

On 6 November 1903, Gregory was knighted, being appointed Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (Imperial) in recognition of his service as Surveyor-General and in the Queensland Legislative Council.[15][1]

Gregory died on 25 June 1905 at his residence Rainworth at Rosalie, Brisbane.[16] His body lay in state at the Masonic Hall in Alice Street where many people came to pay their respects; it was estimated that 1,400 people visited on the morning of the funeral. His funeral took place at the hall in the afternoon of 29 June 1905,[17] after which a funeral procession of several hundred people walked along Alice Street, William Street, North Quay and the River Road (now Coronation Drive) to the Toowong Cemetery where hundreds of people were already assembled at the cemetery. Gregory was buried high on the northern slope of the hill below Governor Samuel Blackall's grave with Anglican rites conducted by his friend Rev. Thomas Jones of Indooroopilly.[18][19]

After his death, his home Rainworth was rented to a number of people, including Robert Philp. His farm land was eventually subdivided and, to facilitate this, the house Rainworth was relocated to another site, now 7 Barton Street in the suburb of Bardon. The house was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.[9]

 
Bust of Augustus Charles Gregory sculpted by Oscar Fristrom in 1905

In late 1905 Brisbane artist Oscar Fristrom sculpted a bust of Gregory.[20][21] In February 1906, Fristrom offered to sell the bust to the Royal Geographical Society of Queensland but the society decided not to buy it;[22] however, they did display it at an event in June 1906.[23] For many years the bust was displayed at Freemasons’ Gregory Lodge in Cairns (Gregory being depicted wearing his Masonic regalia). In 2018, the Freemasons donated the bust to the Museum of Lands, Mapping and Surveying in Brisbane.[24] As at 10 March 2020, the bust is at the entrance of the museum.

Recognition and legacy

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Gregory has been honoured through the naming of many places in Australia, including:[citation needed]

Several plants were named in his honour, including:

The road name "Gregory Gardens" in his birthplace Farnsfield, Nottinghamshire, England was named after him.[33]

His home Rainworth was the origin of the name of Rainworth, Queensland, a suburb (now locality) in Brisbane.[34]

Awards
Preceded by Clarke Medal
1896 		Succeeded by

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "The Hon Augustus Charles GREGORY, CMG". It's an Honour. Australian Government. Archived from the original on 8 January 2021. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
  2. ^ England & Wales, National Probate Calendar (Index of Wills and Administrations), 1858-1995 for Henry Churchman Gregory
  3. ^ Gregory, A.C. (1852). "The Settlers' Expedition to the Northward from Perth, under Mr Assistant-Surveyor A.C. Gregory". The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society. 22: 59–71. Retrieved 19 January 2016.
  4. ^ Croft, Brenda L. "Still in my mind: Gurindji location, experience and visuality" (PDF). An Artback NT Education Resource. Charles Darwin University. p. 13. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 January 2021. Retrieved 9 August 2020.
  5. ^ a b "Wild White Man Captured on the Mary". Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875). 29 December 1854. p. 4. Archived from the original on 14 May 2021. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
  6. ^ a b c "MASONIC CAREER". The Brisbane Courier. Queensland, Australia. 26 June 1905. p. 4. Archived from the original on 14 May 2021. Retrieved 10 March 2020 – via Trove.
  7. ^ a b Waterson, D. B. (1972). "Gregory, Sir Augustus Charles (1819–1905)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
  8. ^ Duffy, L. J. (1976). "Tully, William Alcock (1830–1905)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
  9. ^ a b "Rainworth (entry 600282)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
  10. ^ Davies, Hilary Joan (2011). "The Hume family of Toowoomba and Brisbane: a case study of middle-class social mobility in Colonial Queensland (thesis)". espace.library.uq.edu.au. Archived from the original on 14 May 2021. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
  11. ^ Lauder, Dave (1 January 1990), Freemasons and Freemasonry in Queensland: 1859-1989 (PDF), Royal Historical Society of Queensland, retrieved 10 March 2020
  12. ^ "Masonic Records in the Archives". Stories from the Archives. Queensland State Archives. 27 September 2018. Archived from the original on 5 March 2020. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
  13. ^ Welch, Melva A. (2013), Cradle to grave – Toowong Council, Toowong, Australia: Toowong and District Historical Society [Queensland], ISBN 978-0-9872487-0-1
  14. ^ "Part 2.15 – Alphabetical Register of Members of the Legislative Assembly 1860–2017 and the Legislative Council 1860–1922" (PDF). Queensland Parliamentary Record 2015–2017: The 55th Parliament. Queensland Parliament. Archived from the original on 26 April 2020. Retrieved 27 April 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  15. ^ "BIRTHDAY HONOURS. LIST OF QUEENSLANDERS". The Brisbane Courier. Queensland, Australia. 10 November 1903. p. 4. Archived from the original on 14 May 2021. Retrieved 10 March 2020 – via Trove.
  16. ^ "Family Notices". The Brisbane Courier. Qld.: National Library of Australia. 29 July 1905. p. 4. Archived from the original on 14 May 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
  17. ^ "Family Notices". The Brisbane Courier. Qld.: National Library of Australia. 29 June 1905. p. 2. Archived from the original on 14 May 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
  18. ^ "Gregory, Augustus Charles". Grave Location Search. Brisbane City Council. Archived from the original on 1 June 2012.
  19. ^ "Late Sir A.G.Gregory". The Telegraph. Queensland, Australia. 30 June 1905. p. 7 (SECOND EDITION). Archived from the original on 14 May 2021. Retrieved 10 March 2020 – via Trove.
  20. ^ "ART WORK". The Brisbane Courier. Queensland, Australia. 25 September 1905. p. 4. Archived from the original on 14 May 2021. Retrieved 10 March 2020 – via Trove.
  21. ^ "ART EXHIBITION". The Queenslander. Queensland, Australia. 14 October 1905. p. 8. Archived from the original on 14 May 2021. Retrieved 10 March 2020 – via Trove.
  22. ^ "Geographical Society". The Telegraph. Queensland, Australia. 17 February 1906. p. 2. Archived from the original on 14 May 2021. Retrieved 10 March 2020 – via Trove.
  23. ^ "Geographical Society". The Telegraph. Queensland, Australia. 29 June 1906. p. 3. Archived from the original on 14 May 2021. Retrieved 10 March 2020 – via Trove.
  24. ^ "Land Queensland". www.facebook.com. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
  25. ^ "Gregory River (entry 14847)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
  26. ^ "Gregory's Tree". northernterritory.com. Retrieved 27 September 2024.
  27. ^ "Gregory`s Tree | Monument Australia". monumentaustralia.org.au. Retrieved 27 September 2024.
  28. ^ a b "Mount Augustus". The Sydney Morning Herald. 8 February 2004. Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
  29. ^ "Gregory's Tree, Timber Creek". Visit the Northern Territory, Australia. Retrieved 12 October 2022.
  30. ^ "Gregory's Tree". Monument Australia. Retrieved 12 October 2022.
  31. ^ "Brachychiton gregorii (Sterculiaceae)". Seeds of South Australia -. Retrieved 12 October 2022.
  32. ^ "Species: Cochlospermum gregorii". Atlas of Living Australia. Retrieved 1 May 2023.; "Species profile Cochlospermum gregorii". Queensland Environment, land and water. The State of Queensland; Department of Environment and Science. 20 October 2014. Retrieved 1 May 2023.; "Cochlospermum gregorii F.Muell". NT Flora: eflora. NT Gov.
  33. ^ "Augustus Charles Gregory". Farnsfield Local History Society. Archived from the original on 10 January 2014. Retrieved 15 August 2013.
  34. ^ "Rainworth (entry 27941)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 10 January 2014.

Further reading

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  • Birman, Wendy (1979). Gregory of Rainworth. Nedlands, Western Australia: University of Western Australia Press. ISBN 0-85564-165-7.
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