Horatia Dorothy Moloney Lancaster (29 September 1878[1] – 1 December 1921[2])(variously known as Dorothy, Mary, Dolly, Miss Maloney and Miss Molony, Moloney and O'Connor) was an Irish suffragette campaigner and member of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU). She became Organiser to the London Council of the Women's Freedom League in 1908, following its split from the WSPU.[3] She famously disrupted the 1908 Dundee by-election by ringing a bell every time Winston Churchill attempted to address a crowd demanding that he apologize for insulting remarks he had made about the women's suffrage movement.[4]
Dorothy Moloney | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 29 September 1878 |
| Died | 1 December 1921 (aged 43) |
| Nationality | Irish |
| Known for | Suffragette activism |
Early life
editMoloney was born Horatia Charlotta O'Connor to Edward O'Connor and Henrica Croasdella Moloney in Sandycove, County Dublin on 29 September 1878.[1] Her date of birth is disputed, as some sources give her birth year as 1884 or 1886.[citation needed] The family later moved to Bray, County Wicklow.[5] She moved to London and married Egbert T. Lancaster in 1911.
1908 Dundee by-election
editDundee experienced a comparatively high amount of suffrage activity in 1908 due to the then prime minister, H.H. Asquith holding the seat for the neighbouring constituency of East Fife and Winston Churchill standing as Liberal MP in Dundee in the 1908 by-election.[6]
The Women's Social and Political Union were active in the campaign with Mary Gawthorpe, Emmeline Pankhurst and Christabel Pankhurst holding meetings in Dundee. However, they were upstaged by the non-violent Women's Freedom League member Dorothy Malony who came up from London for the campaign. Whenever Churchill spoke, Moloney produced and rang a hand bell which drowned out what he was saying. The ding-dong exchanges were taken in fun initially, but some meetings had to be cancelled because of the uproar.[7] The Irish Times newspaper published an account of the by-election on 5 May 1908 that supported claims that Moloney had followed Churchill around for a week.[4][8]
"[Maloney] complained of a passage in a speech which the latter delivered on Saturday last, and in which, alluding to the women’s suffrage movement, he said – “I have seen with some regret some most earnest advocates of the cause allying themselves with the forces of drink and reaction. They were carried shoulder-high, I am informed, by the rowdy elements, which are always to be found at a public house-made manifestation.”… Amid great laughter Miss Maloney retorted that if any man attempted to lift her in his arms she would have boxed his ears…
"At the time appointed for him to address the meeting (and when there were about 500 or 600 present), Mr. Churchill drove up in his motor car only to find that the gathering was in full possession of the ladies... who had the sympathy of a goodly majority of the crowd... Mr. Churchill re-entered the vehicle and was about to speak from it when the Suffragette carriage came up, a lady inside loudly ringing a bell. The carriage drew close up to the motor, the bell clanging all the time, and creating so much din...
"The lady said to be Miss Maloney shook her fist at the right hon. gentleman, and exclaimed in a loud voice, “Who is the strongest — an Irish woman or Mr. Winston Churchill?”
While in Scotland, Moloney addressed WFL groups in Dundee and Aberdeenshire.[9][10] Her by-election protest was widely reported in the press. A bell ringing contest in Aberdeenshire later that year was reported on with the headline "Miss Maloney Overshadowed" and an illustration featuring her.[11]
Subsequent activity
editAt a WFL protest in the House of Commons in October 1908, "Miss Maloney of 'bell' fame" led a group of four protesters to climb the Coeur de Lion statue. She was subsequently arrested, but her fine of £5 was paid by a friend "much to her chagrin".[12]
Death and legacy
editMoloney died shortly after giving birth to a son at her home in Richmond, London in 1921. Her obituary appeared in The Vote newspaper: "all the old members of the Women's Freedom League were deeply grieved to hear of the death, after a short illness, of our old comrade, Dolly Malony, the bright and bonny and resourceful little Irish girl, who rang the bell at Mr. Churchill's historic Dundee election, when the women decided he should not be allowed to speak".[2]
She appears on the Roll of Honour of Suffragette Prisoners as Miss Maloney.[13] The moniker "La Belle Maloney", a reference to her bell-ringing exploits, was reported by Sylvia Pankhurst.[14]
A song has been written about her bell-ringing exploits by Glasgow singer/songwriter Lainey Dempsey.[15]
References
edit- ^ a b "Glasthule, Dublin - Catholic Parish Registers at the NLI". registers.nli.ie. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
- ^ a b "In Memoriam". The Vote. 9 December 1921.
- ^ "London Council". Women's Franchise. 11 (7): 78. 13 August 1908 – via LSE Digital Library.
- ^ a b "The Irish Times Newspaper Archive". The Irish Times. Retrieved 25 September 2020.
- ^ "National Archives: Census of Ireland 1901/1911". www.census.nationalarchives.ie. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
- ^ Wright, Valerie. "Suffrage in Dundee: WHS Suffrage Learning Resource launch event, 10 March 2018 – Women's History Scotland". Retrieved 25 September 2020.
- ^ Watson, Norman. (2006). Dundee : a short history. Edinburgh: Black & White Pub. ISBN 978-1-84502-115-3. OCLC 70845068.
- ^ LaCapria, Kim (14 November 2019). "Did an Irish Suffragist Follow Winston Churchill for a Week..." Truth or Fiction?. Retrieved 25 September 2020.
- ^ "Suffragettes in Action". Dundee Courier. 29 April 1908. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
- ^ "Large Meeting at the Fish Market". Aberdeen Press and Journal. 14 April 1908. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
- ^ "Miss Maloney Overshadowed". Aberdeen People's Journal. 12 September 1908. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
- ^ "Gaps in the Grille". The Woman Worker. 4 November 1908. p. 582. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
- ^ Lacon, Annie (c. 1950). "Roll of Honour of Suffragette Prisoners 1905-1914". National Archives, LSE Women's Library collection. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
- ^ Pankhurst, Sylvia E (1911). The suffragette; the history of the women's militant suffrage movement, 1905-1910.
- ^ "Frank Harte Festival Grand Concert 2022 :video c. 3.12.30". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 19 October 2022.