The Straits of Florida, Florida Straits, or Florida Strait (Spanish: Estrecho de Florida) is a strait located south-southeast of the North American mainland, generally accepted to be between the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean, and between the Florida Keys (U.S.) and Cuba. It is 93 mi (150 km) wide at the narrowest point between Key West and the Cuban shore, and has been sounded to a depth of 6,000 feet (1,800 m).[1] The strait carries the Florida Current, the beginning of the Gulf Stream, from the Gulf of Mexico.
| Straits of Florida | |
|---|---|
 Florida Straits from space | |
  Straits of Florida | |
 Straits and channels around the Bahama Islands. | |
| Coordinates | 24°00′00″N 80°50′00″W / 24.00000°N 80.83333°W |
| Max. width | 150 kilometres (93 mi) |
| Average depth | 1,800 metres (5,900 ft) |
Oil and gas
editFive wells were drilled in state waters south of the Florida Keys from 1947 to 1962. Gulf Oil drilled three wells in federal waters south of the Florida Keys in 1960 and 1961. All the wells were dry holes.
The boundary between the Exclusive Economic Zones of the US and Cuba is halfway between Cuba and Florida, as determined by the 1977 Cuba–United States Maritime Boundary Agreement.[2]
Offshore Cuba
editCuba has three producing offshore oil fields within 5 km of its north coast opposite Florida.[3] The US Geological Survey estimates that the North Cuba Basin contains 5,500,000,000 barrels (870,000,000 m3) of undiscovered petroleum liquids and 9.8 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, almost all in the offshore part of the basin.[4]
The issue of allowing oil and gas exploration offshore Florida became a hotly contested topic in the 2008 US elections. In a column published 5 June 2008, syndicated columnist George Will wrote that a Chinese oil company was then drilling in Cuban waters 60 miles (97 km) from the Florida coast, a claim that was repeated by candidates in favor of offshore drilling.[5] In fact, no drilling was then taking place in that part of Cuban waters.
In 2004 the Spanish oil company Repsol drilled in deep Cuban waters between Cuba and the Florida Keys, and found an oil deposit; the deposit was judged noncommercial, and the hole was plugged.[6] In October 2008, Cuba signed an agreement with the Brazilian state oil company Petrobras, which provides for Petrobras to drill for oil and gas in deep waters off the north shore of Cuba.[7][8] In July 2009, Cuba signed an agreement with the Russian government giving the Russian oil company Zarubezhneft oil exploration rights off the north shore of Cuba.[9] By May 2011 Petrobras had withdrawn from the 2008 agreement due to poor prospects.[10]
Offshore Bahamas
editIn 2009 the Falkland Islands-registered company Bharat Petroleum Company Ltd. and Norwegian company Statoil announced a joint venture to drill for oil in Bahamian waters north of Cuba and southeast of Florida.[11][12] The government of the Bahamas has indicated that applications for offshore drilling are on hold pending negotiations with Cuba, the United States, and the Turks and Caicos Islands on the exact boundaries between their respective Exclusive Economic Zones.[13]
Crossing
editThe swim across the strait was performed by Australian Susie Maroney (with Shark cage diving) in 1997 and American Diana Nyad (without shark cage) in 2013.[14] Nyad, who was 64 years old at the time of the attempt, took 52 hours and 54 minutes to cover the 106 miles (171 km) between Havana and Key West[15] .
See also
edit
- Florida Straits, an action-adventure film starring Fred Ward.
- Cay Sal Bank
References
edit- ^ Strait of Florida Archived 2017-02-02 at the Wayback Machine www.sea-seek.com
- ^ United Nations, Maritime boundary - modus vivendi effected by exchange of letters between the United States of America and the Republic of Cuba Archived 2015-07-06 at the Wayback Machine, 27 April 1977, PDF file.
- ^ University of Texas, Jorge R Pinon Cervera: Cuba's energy challenge: a second look Archived 2009-06-12 at the Wayback Machine, PDF file, retrieved 3 March 2009.
- ^ Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the North Cuba Basin, Cuba, 2004, (2005) US Geological Survey, Fact Sheet.
- ^ George Will (5 June 2008): The gas price we deserve Archived 15 December 2018 at the Wayback Machine, accessed 13 March 2009.
- ^ Reuters (16 April 2008): Cuban off-shore drilling put off until 2009 Archived 28 January 2021 at the Wayback Machine, accessed 11 March 2009.
- ^ Time (23 October 2008): How Cuba's oil could change the US embargo Retrieved 17 December 2008.
- ^ "Petrobras signs with Cuba", World Oil, December 2008, p.109.
- ^ BBC News, Russia to drill for oil off Cuba Archived 2011-05-11 at the Wayback Machine, 29 July 2009.
- ^ "Petrobas abandons oil exploration in Cuba". MercoPress. Archived from the original on 22 March 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
- ^ Reuters (18 May 2009): BPC Limited and StatoilHydro to reopen Bahamian energy exploration with offshore..., accessed 28 May 2009.
- ^ BPC website, Overview of assets Archived 2009-07-19 at the Wayback Machine, accessed 15 July 2009.
- ^ Vernon Clement Jones, "Deveaux confirms Cuban oil negotiations" Archived 2009-06-29 at the Wayback Machine, Nassau Guardian, 7 July 2009, accessed 15 July 2009
- ^ Boudreau, Julie-Anne; Charmes, Éric (2018-10-18). "Conversation avec Julie-Anne Boudreau autour des études urbaines et de leurs revues (par Éric Charmes)". Métropoles (Hors-série 2018). doi:10.4000/metropoles.5757. ISSN 1957-7788. S2CID 165639095.
- ^ Boudreau, Julie-Anne; Charmes, Éric (2018-10-18). "Conversation avec Julie-Anne Boudreau autour des études urbaines et de leurs revues (par Éric Charmes)". Métropoles (Hors-série 2018). doi:10.4000/metropoles.5757. ISSN 1957-7788. S2CID 165639095.