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Religions such as [[Buddhism]], [[Hinduism]], [[Catholicism]],<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p1s1c2a2.htm|title=Catechism of the Catholic Church – The Transmission of Divine Revelation|website=vatican.va|access-date=2020-01-15|archive-date=2014-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027062716/https://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p1s1c2a2.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Jainism]] have used oral tradition, in parallel to writing, to transmit their canonical [[Religious text|scriptures]], [[ritual]]s, [[hymn]]s and mythologies.<ref name="Goody1987p82">{{cite book|author=Jack Goody |title=The Interface Between the Written and the Oral |url=https://archive.org/details/interfacebetween00good |url-access=registration |year=1987|publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-33794-6 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/interfacebetween00good/page/110 110]–121 }}</ref><ref name=witzel68/><ref name=lopez1995p21>{{cite journal|author= Donald S. Lopez Jr.|year= 1995|title= Authority and Orality in the Mahāyāna|journal= Numen|volume= 42|number= 1|pages= 21–47|publisher= Brill Academic|jstor= 3270278|doi= 10.1163/1568527952598800|url= https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/43799/1/11076_1995_Article_1568527952598800.pdf|hdl= 2027.42/43799|hdl-access= free|access-date= 2019-09-23|archive-date= 2011-01-01|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110101012117/http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/43799/1/11076_1995_Article_1568527952598800.pdf|url-status= live}}</ref> African societies have broadly been labelled ''oral civilisations'', contrasted with ''literate civilisations'', due to their reverence for the [[spoken word|oral word]] and widespread use of oral tradition.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Vansina |first=Jan |title=Once upon a Time: Oral Traditions as History in Africa |journal=Daedalus |volume=100 |issue=2 |pages=442–468 |year=1971 |publisher=MIT Press |jstor=20024011 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20024011}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Hama |first1=Boubou |last2=Ki-Zerbo |first2=Joseph |title=General History of Africa: Volume 1 |chapter=The place of history in African society |year=1981 |publisher=UNESCO Publishing |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/in/documentViewer.xhtml?v=2.1.196&id=p::usmarcdef_0000042225&file=/in/rest/annotationSVC/DownloadWatermarkedAttachment/attach_import_27359687-a44e-44a0-b09c-9dc9dbeaec74%3F_%3D042225engo.pdf&updateUrl=updateUrl1135&ark=/ark:/48223/pf0000042225/PDF/042225engo.pdf.multi&fullScreen=true&locale=en#%5B%7B%22num%22%3A421%2C%22gen%22%3A0%7D%2C%7B%22name%22%3A%22XYZ%22%7D%2Cnull%2Cnull%2C0%5D}}</ref>
Oral tradition is memories, knowledge, and
As an [[academic discipline]], oral tradition refers both to objects and methods of study.<ref>Dundes, Alan, "Editor's Introduction" to ''The Theory of Oral Composition'', [[John Miles Foley]]. Bloomington, IUP, 1988, pp. ix–xii</ref> It is distinct from [[oral history]],<ref name=Henige1988/> which is the recording of personal testimony of those who experienced historical eras or events.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/oral_history.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110820112837/http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/oral_history.html|url-status=dead|title=Oral History|archive-date=August 20, 2011}}</ref> Oral tradition is also
==History==
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