Administrative divisions of Serbia

The administrative divisions of Serbia are regulated by the Government decree of 29 January 1992, and by the Law on Territorial Organization adopted by the National Assembly on 29 December 2007.^[1]^[2]^[3]

There are two types of administrative divisions in Serbia: political (regional and local self-government - autonomous provinces and cities and municipalities) and administrative (administrative districts for decentralized services of the state and statistical regions for statistical purposes).

Political divisions

Autonomous provinces

The Constitution of Serbia recognizes two autonomous provinces (Serbian: аутономне покрајине, romanized: autonomne pokrajine), Vojvodina in the north, and the disputed territory of Kosovo and Metohija in the south, while the remaining area of Central Serbia never had its own regional authority.^[2]

The Autonomous Province of Vojvodina has its own assembly and government. It enjoys autonomy on certain matters, such as infrastructure, science, education and culture.^[4]

The Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija has been transferred to the administration of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) since 1999, following the Kosovo War and entrance of NATO-led peacekeepers and after the adoption of UNSC Resolution 1244. In 2008, the Government of Kosovo unilaterally declared independence from Serbia, a move recognized by 104 countries (including most of the European Union and the United States) but not recognized by Serbia, Russia, China, India, Brazil, Argentina, Indonesia, and other 87 United Nations (UN) member states, including 5 EU member states. Although the Serbian laws treat Kosovo as every other part of Serbia, and divide it into 5 districts, 28 municipalities and 1 city, the UNMIK administration adopted new territorial organisation of Kosovo in 2000. This move is not recognized by Serbia, but is recognized by the self-proclaimed Republic of Kosovo.

Municipalities and cities

Cities

Serbia is divided into 145 municipalities and 29 cities, which form the basic units of local government.^[2]

The municipality (Serbian: општинa, romanized: opština) has its own assembly (elected every four years in local elections), a municipal president, its property and a budget. Municipalities usually have more than 10,000 inhabitants.^[2] Municipalities comprise local communities, which mostly correspond to settlements (villages) in the rural areas (several small villages can comprise one local community, and large villages can contain several communities). Urban areas are also divided into local communities. Their roles include communication of elected municipal representatives with citizens, organization of citizen initiatives related with public service and communal issues. They are presided over by councils, elected in semi-formal elections, whose members are basically volunteers. The role of local communities is far more important in rural areas; due to proximity to municipal centers, many urban local communities are defunct.

The city (Serbian: град, romanized: grad) is another type of local self-government. Territories with the status of "city" usually have more than 100,000 inhabitants, but are otherwise very similar to municipalities.^[2] There are 27 cities, each having an assembly and budget of its own. Only cities have mayors, although the presidents of the municipalities are often referred to as "mayors" in everyday usage. The city may or may not be divided into "city municipalities" (Serbian: градске општине, romanized: gradske opštine). Six cities, Belgrade, Novi Sad, Niš, Požarevac, Užice and Vranje comprise several municipalities, divided into urban and suburban areas. Competences of cities and their municipalities are divided. Of those, only Novi Sad did not undergo the full transformation, as the newly formed municipality of Petrovaradin exists only formally; thus, the City municipality of Novi Sad is largely equated to City of Novi Sad (and the single largest municipality in the country, with around 300,000 residents).