Wiktionary:About Hebrew: difference between revisions

# '''Language header''' lets you know the language of the word in question, (in this case Hebrew so: <code>==Hebrew==)</code>. It is almost always in a level two heading (See [[Help:How to edit a page|Wiktionary:How to edit a page]] for some basic terminology we use). When there is more than one language header on a page, the language headers should appear in alphabetical order with Translingual and English given priority. Do ''not'' use Ancient/Biblical/Classical/Mishnaic/Modern Hebrew in the language header.

# '''Part of Speech header''' may be a misnomer, but it seemed to make sense when it was first chosen. It is the key descriptor for the grammatical function of the term in question (such as 'noun', 'verb', 'root, etc). The definitions themselves come within its scope. This heading is most frequently in a level three heading, and a page may have more than one for a single language.

# '''Headword Line-line''' is the line immediately following the part of speech header. In the simplest entries, this will be the entry name in bold, followed by the gender for nouns, the number of nominative/accusative forms fora adjectivesromanization{{,}} theand conjugationsome typebasic forinflection verbs, etcinformation. This Advancedshould usersbe shoulddone makewith the use of the standardHebrew [[:Category:Hebrew headword#Headword-line templates|headword-line templates]] provided.

# '''Declension/Conjugation''' should follow the Part of Speech header at a level 4. Use ====Declension==== for nouns and adjectives, and for verbs use ====Conjugation====, or ====Inflection==== for either. For nouns the use {{temp|he-decl}}.

This is a simple entry for the word {{m|he|סֵפֶר|tr=séfer}}, and shows the most fundamental elements of an article:

# the word’sword's language (as a level 2 heading),

There are other possible headers for use. See [[WT:ELEEL]] for more information regarding these.

* {{a|IL}} {{IPA|he|/ˈʃeleɡ/|langa=heIL}}

{{he-noun|g=m|tr=shéleg|wv=שֶׁלֶג|pl=שְׁלָגִים|cons=שֶׁלֶג|plcons=שִׁלְגֵי|pausalpausalwv=שָׁלֶג|pat=קֶטֶל}}

* {{l|he|גַּלְשַׁן שֶׁלֶג|gloss=a snowboard|tr=galshán shéleg}}

* {{l|he|כַּדּוּר שֶׁלֶג|gloss=a snowball|tr=kadúr shéleg}}

* {{l|he|כשלגכְּשֶׁלֶג בקיץבַּקַּיִץ|gloss=like snow in summer|tr=k'shéleg bakáyits}}

* {{l|he|שֶׁלֶג דְּאְשְׁתָּקַד|tr=shéleg d'eshtakád|gloss=a transient or illusory thing|tr=shéleg d'eshtakád}}

* {{l|he|שִׁלְגּוֹן|gloss=a snow, snowfall, snowstormpopsicle|tr=shilgón}}

* {{l|he|קֶרַח|tr=kerakh|sc=Hebrkérakh|gloss=[[ice]]}}

* To indicate the (Hebrew) root of a term the template {{temp|HE root}} can be used. See also {{temp|PIE root}}.

* For inherited terms, use {{temp|inherited}}, or its (shortcut {{temp|inh}}).

* For borrowed terms, use {{temp|borrowingborrowed}}, or its (shortcut {{temp|bor}}).

* For terms of uncertain derivation from other languages, use {{temp|derived}}, or its (shortcut {{temp|der}}).

* {{temp|etylbor}}, should{{temp|der}}, {{temp|inh}}, {{temp|calque}} can be used to identify languages in etymology sections.

===Headword -line templates===

For non-lemma (form of) noun, verb, and adjective entries, {{temp|head}} may be used instead. See the template and its talk page for more details on its use. Note that {{temp|head}} can also be used for any other POS, but ideally, the templates designed specifically for certain parts of speech should be used if possible.

* In some etymology sections, the scholarly romanization may be preferred, in that case usually include both, regular then scholarly, separated by a comma.

* When linking under certain circumstances to a Hebrew entry, include romanization, using the <tt>tr=</tt> or equivalent parameter of the link template (such as {{temp|t}} or {{temp|termm}}). This is to be done, for example, for a translation (in an English entry) but not, for example, for an inflected form listed on a headword line.

* If a romanization is missing, it may be requested using {{temp|rfscript|he}}, which adds the entry to [[:Category:HebrewRequests terms needingfor native script for Hebrew terms]].

* The letters are romanized as follows (in general.: Inin some cases it might be necessary to use a romanization that is based not on Modern Israeli Hebrew but on another form).

| <big><big><big>{{lang|he|א}}</big></big></big> || alef{{l|he|אָ֫לֶף|tr=álef, ʾā́lep̄}} || <code>'</code> or [nothing] || <code>ʾ</code> || Modern Hebrew: omitted (i.e., represented as [nothing]) when word-initial, word-final, or unvowelized (as in {{termm|he||קוֹרֵאת|langtr=hekorét}})<br>Biblical Hebrew: Always transliterated (as in {{l|hbo|רֹאשׁ|tr=korétrōʾš}}).

| <big><big><big>{{lang|he|ב}}</big></big></big> || bet{{l|he|בֵּית|tr=bét, vetbêṯ}} || <code>b</code> or <code>v</code> || <code>b</code> or <code>ḇ</code> || <code>b</code> when with a dagesh (or in the spelling of a triliteral root), <code>v</code> when without a dagesh

| <big><big><big>{{lang|he|ג}}</big></big></big> || gimel{{l|he|גִּ֫ימֶל|tr=gímel, gî́mel}} || <code>g</code> || <code>g</code> or <code>ḡ</code> ||

| <big><big><big>{{lang|he|ג׳}}</big></big></big> || || <code>j</code> || <code>j</code>/<code>ǧ</code> ||

| <big><big><big>{{lang|he|ד}}</big></big></big> || {{l|he|דָּ֫לֶת|t=dálet, dā́leṯ}} dalet || <code>d</code> || <code>d</code> or <code>ḏ</code> ||

| <big><big><big>{{lang|he|ה}}</big></big></big> || hey (or {{l|he)|הֵא|t=hé, hēʾ}} || <code>h</code> || <code>h</code> || omit word-final {{lang|he|ה}} (i.e., represent it as [nothing]), except when with ''mapik'' ({{lang|he|הּ}})

| <big><big><big>{{lang|he|ו}}</big></big></big> || vav{{l|he|וָו|t=váv, wāw}} || <code>v</code> || <code>w</code> || see the table of vowels, below, for ו as vowel marker

| <big><big><big>{{lang|he|ז}}</big></big></big> || zayin{{l|he|זַיִן|t=záyin}} || <code>z</code> || <code>z</code> ||

| <big><big><big>{{lang|he|ז׳}}</big></big></big> || || <code>zh</code> || <code>ž</code> ||

| <big><big><big>{{lang|he|ח}}</big></big></big> || chet {{l|he|חֵית|t=khét, <code>ch</code>ḥêṯ}} or|| <code>kh</code> || <code>ḥ</code> ||

| <big><big><big>{{lang|he|ט}}</big></big></big> || tet{{l|he|טֵית|tr=tét, ṭêṯ}} || <code>t</code> || <code>ṭ</code> ||

| <big><big><big>{{lang|he|י}}</big></big></big> || yud{{l|he|יוֹד|tr=yód, (or yod)yôḏ}} || <code>y</code> || <code>y</code> || but optionally <code>i</code> when the latter part of a diphthong;<br />see the table of vowels, below, for י as vowel marker

| <big><big><big>{{lang|he|כ}}</big></big></big>{{LR}}, <big><big><big>{{lang|he|ך}}</big></big></big>* || kaf{{l|he|כָּף|tr=káf, khafkāp̄}} || <code>k</code> or <code>ch</code> or <code>kh</code> || <code>k</code> or <code>ḵ</code> || <code>k</code> when with a dagesh (or in the spelling of a triliteral root), <code>ch</code> or <code>kh</code> when without a dagesh

| <big><big><big>{{lang|he|ל}}</big></big></big> || {{l|he|לָ֫מֶד|tr=lámed, lā́meḏ}} lamed || <code>l</code> || <code>l</code> ||

| <big><big><big>{{lang|he|מ}}</big></big></big>{{LR}}, <big><big><big>{{lang|he|ם}}</big></big></big>* ||{{l|he|מֵם|tr=mém, memmēm}} || <code>m</code> || <code>m</code> ||

| <big><big><big>{{lang|he|נ}}</big></big></big>{{LR}}, <big><big><big>{{lang|he|ן}}</big></big></big>* || nun{{l|he|נוּן|tr=nún, nûn}} || <code>n</code> || <code>n</code> ||

| <big><big><big>{{lang|he|ס}}</big></big></big> || samekh{{l|he|סָ֫מֶךְ|tr=sámekh, sā́meḵ}} || <code>s</code> || <code>s</code> ||

| <big><big><big>{{lang|he|ע}}</big></big></big> || 'ayin{{l|he|עַיִן|tr=áyin, ʿáyin}} || <code>'</code> or <code>`</code> or [nothing] || <code>ʿ</code> || optionally omitted (i.e., represented as [nothing]) when word-initial or, word-final, or when the last consonant of a syllable vocalised with sh'va, like {{m|he|שְׁמַעְיָה|tr=shmayá}}

| <big><big><big>{{lang|he|פ}}</big></big></big>{{LR}}, <big><big><big>{{lang|he|ף}}</big></big></big>* || pey (or pe){{l|he|פֵּא|tr=pé, fey (or fe)pēʾ}} || <code>p</code> or <code>f</code> || <code>p</code> or <code>p̄</code> || <code>p</code> when with a dagesh (or in the spelling of a triliteral root), <code>f</code> when without a dagesh

| <big><big><big>{{lang|he|צ}}</big></big></big>{{LR}}, <big><big><big>{{lang|he|ץ}}</big></big></big>* || tsadi (or{{l|he|צָדִי|tr=tsadí, tsade)ṣāḏî}} || <code>ts</code> || <code>ṣ</code> ||

| <big><big><big>{{lang|he|צ׳}}</big></big></big>{{LR}}, <big><big><big>{{lang|he|ץ׳}}</big></big></big>* || || <code>ch</code> || <code>č</code> || Represents "ch" as in {{m|en|chalk}}.

| <big><big><big>{{lang|he|ק}}</big></big></big> || kuf (or kof, quf, or qof) {{l|he| <code>k</code> || <code>q</code> (or <code>ḳ</code>) || קו״ף

| <big><big><big>{{lang|he|ר}}</big></big></big> || {{l|he|רֵישׁ|tr=résh, rêš}} resh || <code>r</code> || <code>r</code> ||

| <big><big><big>{{lang|he|ש}}</big></big></big> || shin{{l|he|שִׁין|tr=shín, sinšîn}} or {{l|he|שִׂין|tr=sín, śîn}}|| <code>ssh</code> or <code>shs</code> || <code>š</code> or <code>ś</code> || <code>sh</code> when ''shin'' ({{lang|he|שׁ}}), <code>s</code> when ''sin'': ({{lang|he|שׂ}})

| <big><big><big>{{lang|he|ת}}</big></big></big> || tav{{l|he|תָּו|tr=táv, tāw}} || <code>t</code> || <code>t</code> or <code>ṯ</code> ||

!scope=col|Modern Hebrew romanization

!scope=col|Biblical Hebrew transliteration<br>(scholarly romanization)

| <big><big><big>{{lang|he|בְ}}</big></big></big> || {{l|he|שְׁוָא|tr=shva, šəwāʾ}} || <code>'</code> or [nothing] || <code>ə</code> or [nothing] || an apostrophe when ''na`'', omitted (i.e., represented as [nothing]) when ''nakh'' or when adjacent to א or ע which is transliterated other than by [nothing]

| <big><big><big>{{lang|he|בֶבַ}}</big></big></big> || segol{{l|he|פַּתָּח|tr=patákh, pattāḥ}}|| rowspan="23"| <code>ea</code> || rowspan="2"| <code>ea</code> ||

| <big><big><big>{{lang|he|בֱחַ}}</big></big></big> || chataf segol {{l|he|פַּתָּח <code>ĕ</code>גְּנוּב|tr=patákh gnúv, pattāḥ gənûḇ}} || The accent is always indicated on the vowel preceding the furtive patach.

| <big><big><big>{{lang|he|בֵבֲ}}</big></big></big> || tseiri{{l|he|חֲטַף-פַּתָּח|tr=khatáf-patákh, (or tsere)ḥăṭap̄-pattāḥ}} || <code>e</code> or <code>eiă</code> || <code>ē</code>

| <big><big><big>{{lang|he|בַבָ}}</big></big></big> || patach {{l|he|קָמָץ|rowspantr="2"kamáts, qāmāṣ}} || <code>a</code> or <code>o</code> || <code>ā</code> or <code>o</code> || In Modern Hebrew it represents two different vowels: {{l|he|קָמָץ גָּדוֹל|tr=kamáts gadól, qāmāṣ gāḏôl}} (<code>a</code>) and {{l|he|קָמָץ קָטָן|tr=kamáts katán, qāmāṣ qāṭān}} (<code>o</code>)

| <big><big><big>{{lang|he|בֲבָה}}</big></big></big> || chataf{{l|he|קָמָץ־הֵא|tr=kamáts-hé, patachqāmāṣ-hēʾ}} || <code>a</code> || <code>ăâ</code> ||

| <big><big><big>{{lang|he|בָבָיו}}</big></big></big> || kamats (orSpelling qamats)of {{m|he|־וֹ|pos=3rd masculine singular sufix}} after <code>a</code> orplural <code>o</code>masculine noun || <code>āaw</code> or|| <code>oâw</code> || Represents two different vowels: ''kamats gadol'' (<code>a</code>) and ''kamats katan'' (<code>o</code>)

| <big><big><big>{{lang|he|בֳ}}</big></big></big> || chataf kamats {{l|he|חֲטַף rowspanקָמָץ|tr="2"khatáf kamáts, ḥăṭap̄ qāmāṣ}} || <code>o</code> || <code>ŏ</code> ||

| <big><big><big>{{lang|he|בֹבֶ}}</big></big></big>,{{LR}} <big><big><big>|| {{langl|he|בוֹ סְגוֹל|tr=segól, səḡôl}} ||rowspan="7"| </bigcode>e</bigcode></big> || cholam || <code>ōe</code> ||

| <big><big><big>{{lang|he|בִבֵ}}</big></big></big> ||rowspan="2"| chirik (or chiriq) {{l|he|rowspanצֵירֵי|tr="2"| <code>i</code>tseré, ṣêrê}}|| <code>iē</code> ||

| <big><big><big>{{lang|he|בִיבֶי}}</big></big></big> || {{l|he| סְגוֹל־יוֹד|tr=segól-yód, səḡôl-yôḏ}} || rowspan="4"| <code>īê</code> ||

| <big><big><big>{{lang|he|בֻבֵי}}</big></big></big> || kubuts (or qubuts) {{l|he|rowspanצֵירֵי־יוֹד|tr="2"|tseré-yód, <code>u</code> || <code>u</code> ||ṣêrê-yôḏ}}

| <big><big><big>{{lang|he|בוּבֶה}}</big></big></big> || shuruk{{l|he| (orסְגוֹל־הֵא|tr=segól-hé, shuruq)səḡôl-hēʾ}} || <code>ū</code> ||

* TheIn positionModern ofHebrew thetranscriptions, stress should beis indicated using an acute accent on the main vowel of the stressed (or only) syllable (<code>á</code>, <code>é</code>, <code>í</code>, <code>ó</code>, <code>ú</code>).

| <big><big><big>{{lang|he|בּ}}</big></big></big> || dagesh{{l|he|דָּגֵשׁ|tr=dagésh, dāḡēš}} || [nothing] || [nothing] or [doubled consonant] || The ''dagesh kal'' (found at the beginning of a word or after a silent shva) changes the phonetic values of {{lang|he|ב}}{{LR}}, {{lang|he|כ/ך}}{{LR}}, and {{lang|he|פ}}{{LR}} from <code>v</code>, <code>kh</code>, and <code>f</code> to <code>b</code>, <code>k</code>, and <code>p</code> (and in scholarly transcription of {{lang|he|ב}}{{LR}}, {{lang|he|ג}}{{LR}}, {{lang|he|ד}}{{LR}}, {{lang|he|כ/ך}}{{LR}}, {{lang|he|פ}}{{LR}}, and {{lang|he|ת}}{{LR}} from <code>ḇ</code>, <code>ḡ</code>, <code>ḏ</code>, <code>ḵ</code>, <code>p̄</code>, and <code>ṯ</code> to <code>b</code>, <code>g</code>, <code>d</code>, <code>k</code>, <code>p</code>, and <code>t</code>). The ''dagesh chazak'' (which must be preceded by a vowel) has the previous effect and also indicates the historical doubling of the consonant.

| <big><big><big>{{lang|he|הּ}}</big></big></big> || mapik{{l|he|מַפִּיק|tr=mapík, (or mapiq)mappîq}} || [nothing] || [nothing] || The ''mapik'' is graphically identical to the ''dagesh'', but occurs only at the end of a word on the letter {{lang|he|ה}} (and rarely on the letter {{lang|he|א}}) to indicate that the letter is not silent. Thus, the letter should be romanized in its usual way instead of being omitted from the romanization.

The standard on English Wiktionary is to treat all of Hebrew as one language, including Biblical, Mishnaic, and Modern Hebrew. All have the same categories, all have the same <code>==Language==</code> headers, etc. The only exception is in Etymology sections, where to indicate derivation from Biblical Hebrew one can use {{temp|etylbor|''target language''|hbo|-}}, and to indicate derivation from Modern Israeli Hebrew one can use {{temp|etylbor|''target language''|he-IL|-}}.

* A [[w:Modern Hebrew phonology|Modern/ Israeli pronunciation]] can be indicated by the use of {{temp|a|IL}}.

[[Wiktionary:Beer parlour/2008/April#Treatment of other types of compound terms|The community's decision]] was to ''exclude'' most constructions that are simply one or more proclitics[[proclitic]]s plus a base word; {{termm|he||וּבָנוֹת|lang=he|tr=uvanót}}, for example, is considered to be covered by the entries for {{termm|he|וְ־|lang=he|tr=v'-}} and {{termm|he|בָּנוֹת|lang=he|tr=banót}}.

* The language code is <code>he</code>: many templates use <code>lang={{para|1|he</code>}}.

* The script code is <code>Hebr</code>: many templates use <code>{{para|sc=|Hebr</code>}}, though script is automatically detected so this is generally unneeded.

* [[special:prefixindex/Template:he-|Automatically generated list of most Hebrew-language templates]]

* [[special:prefixindex/Template:U:he:|Automatically generated list of Hebrew-language usage-note templates]]

* [[special:prefixindex/Template:new he |Automatically generated list of Hebrew-language new-page templates]]

* [[special:prefixindex/Appendix:Hebrew|Automatically generated list of Hebrew-language and Hebrew-script appendices]]