View source for 1995 Russian legislative election

{{short description|none}}
{{Infobox election
| country = Russian Federation
| type = parliamentary
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1993 Russian legislative election
| previous_year = 1993
| election_date = 17 December 1995
| next_election = 1999 Russian legislative election
| next_year = 1999
| seats_for_election = All 450 seats in the [[State Duma]]
| majority_seats = 226
| opinion_polls = 
| turnout = 64.38% ({{increase}} 9.57 [[percentage point|pp]])

| image1 = [[File:Gennady Zyuganov and Govorukhin in 1998 (cropped).jpg|150x150px]]
| candidate1 = 
| leader1 = [[Gennady Zyuganov]]
| party1 = Communist Party of the Russian Federation
| leader_since1 = 14 February 1993
| leaders_seat1 = Federal list
| last_election1 = 42 seats, 11.55% <!-- It's official party percentage in 1993. CEC of Russia is counting the percentage including invalid votes -->
| seats1 = '''157'''
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 115
| popular_vote1 = '''15,432,963'''
| percentage1 = '''22.30%''' ([[Party list|PL]])<!-- It's official party percentage. CEC of Russia is counting the percentage including invalid votes -->
| swing1 = {{increase}} 10.75%

| image2 = [[File:Viktor Chernomyrdin meeting to sign credit agreement 1994 (cropped) 1.jpg|150x150px]]
| candidate2 = 
| leader2 = [[Viktor Chernomyrdin]]
| party2 = Our Home – Russia
| leader_since2 = 12 May 1995
| leaders_seat2 = Federal list
| last_election2 = ''New''
| seats2 = 55
| seat_change2 = ''New''
| popular_vote2 = 7,009,291
| percentage2 = 10.13% ([[Party list|PL]])
| swing2 = ''New''

| image3 = [[File:Vladimir Zhirinovsky 01-03-1995 (cropped).jpg|150x150px]]
| leader3 = [[Vladimir Zhirinovsky]]
| party3 = Liberal Democratic Party of Russia
| leader_since3 = 13 December 1989
| leaders_seat3  = Federal list
| last_election3 = 64 seats, 21.35% <!-- It's official party percentage in 1993. CEC of Russia is counting the percentage including invalid votes -->
| seats3 = 51
| seat_change3 = {{decrease}} 13
| popular_vote3 = 7,737,431
| percentage3 = 11.18% ([[Party list|PL]])
| swing3 = {{decrease}} 10.17%

| image4 = [[File:Ba-yavlinsky-g-a-1999-june (sq, cropped).jpg|150x150px]]
| leader4 = [[Grigory Yavlinsky]]
| party4 = Yabloko
| leader_since4 = 16 October 1993
| leaders_seat4  = Federal list
| last_election4 = 27 seats, 7.32% <!-- It's official party percentage in 1993. CEC of Russia is counting the percentage including invalid votes -->
| seats4 = 45
| seat_change4 = {{increase}} 18
| popular_vote4 = 4,767,384
| percentage4 = 6.89% ([[Party list|PL]])
| swing4 = {{decrease}} 0.43%

| image5 = [[File:Mikhail Lapshin.jpg|150x150px]]
| leader5 = [[Mikhail Lapshin]]
| party5 = Agrarian Party of Russia
| leader_since5 = 26 February 1993
| leaders_seat5  = ''Federal list (lost)''
| last_election5 = 38 seats, 7.44% <!-- It's official party percentage in 1993. CEC of Russia is counting the percentage including invalid votes -->
| seats5 = 20
| seat_change5 = {{decrease}} 17
| popular_vote5 = 2,613,127
| percentage5 = 3.78% ([[Party list|PL]])
| swing5 = {{decrease}} 3.66%

| image6 = [[File:Ba-gaidar-e-t-1999-square (cropped).jpg|150x150px]]
| leader6 = [[Yegor Gaidar]]
| party6 = Democratic Choice of Russia – United Democrats
| leader_since6 = 26 August 1995
| leaders_seat6  = ''Federal list (lost)''
| last_election6 = 62 seats, 14.45% <!-- It's official VR party percentage in 1993. CEC of Russia is counting the percentage including invalid votes -->
| seats6 = 9
| seat_change6 = {{decrease}} 53
| popular_vote6 = 2,674,084
| percentage6 = 3.86% ([[Party list|PL]])
| swing6 = {{decrease}} 10.59%

| image7 = [[File:Nikolay Ryzhkov 1990.jpg|150x150px]]
| leader7 = [[Nikolai Ryzhkov]]
| party7 = [[Power to the People (Russia)|Power to the People]]
| leader_since7 = 19 August 1995
| leaders_seat7  = [[Belgorod constituency|Belgorod]]
| last_election7 = ''New''
| seats7 = 9
| seat_change7 = ''New''
| popular_vote7 = 1,112,873	
| percentage7 = 1.62% ([[Party list|PL]])
| swing7 = ''New''

| image8 = [[File:Portrait placeholder.svg|150x150px]]
| leader8 = [[Yury Skokov]]
| party8 = Congress of Russian Communities
| color8 = 2C299A
| leader_since8 = 27 January 1995
| leaders_seat8  = ''Federal list (lost)''
| last_election8 = ''New''
| seats8 = 5
| seat_change8 = ''New''
| popular_vote8 = 2,980,137
| percentage8 = 4.31% ([[Party list|PL]])
| swing8 = ''New''

| image9 = {{CSS image crop
|Image = Alevtina Fedulova (duma.gov.ru).jpg
|bSize = 150
|cWidth = 120
|cHeight = 150
|oTop = 0
|oLeft = 17
}}
| leader9 = [[Alevtina Fedulova]]
| party9 = Women of Russia
| leader_since9 = 1 October 1993
| leaders_seat9  = ''Federal list (lost)''
| last_election9 = 24 seats, 7.57% <!-- It's official VR party percentage in 1993. CEC of Russia is counting the percentage including invalid votes -->
| seats9 = 3
| seat_change9 = {{decrease}} 21
| popular_vote9 = 3,188,813
| percentage9 = 4.61% ([[Party list|PL]])
| swing9 = {{decrease}} 2.96%

| map = [[File:1995 Russian legislative election map.svg|300px]]
| map_caption = Winning party by region

| title = [[Chairman of the State Duma]]
| before_election = [[Ivan Rybkin]]
| before_party = Ivan Rybkin Bloc
| after_election = [[Gennadiy Seleznyov]]
| after_party = Communist Party of the Russian Federation
}}

'''Legislative election''' were held in [[Russia]] on 17 December 1995.<ref name=NS>[[Dieter Nohlen]] & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1642 {{ISBN|978-3-8329-5609-7}}</ref> At stake were the 450 seats in the [[State Duma]] (Gosudarstvennaya Duma), the [[lower house]] of the [[Federal Assembly (Russia)|Federal Assembly]].

==Electoral system==
The election law adopted for the 1995 election was similar to that adopted for the 1993 election, with some minor modifications. First, to secure a place on the proportional representation ballot, parties had to have registered with the [[Ministry of Justice (Russia)|Ministry of Justice]] no later than six months before the election, and the number of signatures they had to gather rose from 100,000 to 200,000. Second, invalid votes were now included in the calculation of the 5.0 percent threshold. Third, on the single-member district ballot, party endorsements of candidates were indicated.

==Political blocs==

{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%"
|-
!№
!colspan=2|Bloc
!{{abbr|Abbr.|Abbreviation}}
!First troika
!Political position
!Ideologies
! Notes
|-
|'''1'''
|style="background: {{party color|Women of Russia}};"| 
|[[Women of Russia]]
|ZhR
|[[Alevtina Fedulova]] • [[Ekaterina Lakhova]] • [[:ru:Климантова, Галина Ивановна|Galina Klimantova]]
|[[Centrism|Centre]]
|[[Women's rights]] / [[Pacifism]]
|rowspan=43 |<ref name=lists>[http://www.cikrf.ru/banners/vib_arhiv/gosduma/1995/files/1995-2-TIK-usech.xls Данные протоколов территориальных избирательных комиссий об итогах голосования по федеральному округу]</ref>
|-
|'''2'''
|style="background: #959698;"| 
|[[Derzhava (Russian party)|Social Patriotic Movement «Derzhava»]]
|Derzhava
|[[Alexander Rutskoy]] • [[:ru:Кобелев, Виктор Васильевич|Viktor Kobelev]] • [[:ru:Душенов, Константин Юрьевич|Konstantin Dushenov]]
|[[Right-wing]]
|[[Russian nationalism]] / [[Social conservatism]]
|-
|'''3'''
|style="background: #3C3E42;"| 
|[[:ru:Дума-96|Social Political Movement «Duma-96»]]
|Duma-96
|[[Vladimir Burenin]] • [[Mikhail Simonov]] • [[:ru:Кондратьев, Георгий Григорьевич|Georgy Kondratyev]]
|[[Centrism|Centre]]
|[[Centrism]] / [[Conservatism]]
|-
|'''4'''
|style="background: #00A200;"| 
|[[Transformation of Ural|Transformation of the Fatherland]]
|PO
|[[Eduard Rossel]] • [[Yury Nozhikov]] • [[:ru:Якимов, Виктор Васильевич|Viktor Yakimov]]
|[[Centrism|Centre]]
|[[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]] / [[Autonomism (political doctrine)|Autonomism]]
|-
|'''5'''
|style="background: #F9E2E3;"| 
|[[Tikhonov–Tupolev–Tikhonov]]
|TTT
|[[Alexander Tikhonov (politician)|Alexander Tikhonov]] • [[Aleksey Tupolev]] • [[Viktor Tikhonov (born 1930)|Viktor Tikhonov]]
|[[Centrism|Centre]]
|[[Centrism]]
|-
|'''6'''
|style="background: #2998D5;"| 
|[[Russian All-People's Movement]]
|ROD
|[[Alexander Bozhenov]] • Valery Moshnyakov • Vladimir Platonov
|[[Centrism|Centre]]
|[[Russian Cossacks|Cossacks interests]]
|-
|'''7'''
|style="background: #016436;"| 
|[[All-Russian Muslim Social Movement "NUR"]]
|NUR
|Halit Yakhin • Vafa Yarullin • Anver Shagidullin
|[[Centrism|Centre]]
|[[Muslims in Russia|Muslim interests]] / [[Islamic democracy]]
|-
|'''8'''
|style="background: #5A5A58;"| 
|[[Federal Democratic Movement]]
|FDD
|Oleg Novikov • [[Oleg Kalugin]] • [[Rimma Kazakova]]
|[[Centrism|Centre]]
|[[Federalism]]
|-
|'''9'''
|style="background: #0032A0;"| 
|[[Cause of Peter the First]]
|DPP
| [[Valentin Dikul]] • Vadim Voevodin • Yan Koltunov
|[[Right-wing]]
|[[National conservatism]] / [[Monarchism]]
|-
|'''10'''
|style="background: #F5A222;"| 
|[[International Union]]
|MNS
| [[:ru:Микитаев, Абдулах Касбулатович|Abdulah Mikitaev]] • [[Makhmut Gareev]] • Alexander Zaytsev
|[[Centrism|Centre]]
|[[Multiculturalism]]
|-
|'''11'''
|style="background: #A8A821;"| 
|[[Socio-Political Movement "Stable Russia"]]
|SR
| Oleg Petrov • [[Elina Bystritskaya]] • Alexander Gorlov
|[[Centre-right]]
|[[Conservatism]]
|-
|'''12'''
|style="background: #192082;"| 
|[[Frontier Generations]]
|PR
| Dmitry Solonnikov • Nikolay Pelepeshin • [[:ru:Бариев, Марат Мансурович|Marat Bariev]]
|[[Centrism|Centre]]
|[[Youth politics]]
|-
|'''13'''
|style="background: #CE1100;"| 
|[[My Fatherland (Russia)|My Fatherland]]
|MO
| [[Boris Gromov]] • [[Stanislav Shatalin]] • [[Joseph Kobzon]]
|[[Centre-left]]
|[[Social democracy]]
|-
|'''14'''
|style="background: #C28314;"| 
|[[For the Motherland!]]
|ZR
| [[Vladimir Polevanov]] • [[:ru:Подколзин, Евгений Николаевич|Yevgeny Podkolzin]] • [[:ru:Балтин, Эдуард Дмитриевич|Eduard Baltin]]
|[[Right-wing]]
|[[Conservatism]] / Anti-Reformism
|-
|'''15'''
|style="background: #F7C451;"| 
|[[Common Cause (Russia)|Common Cause]]
|OD
| [[Irina Khakamada]] • [[Rolan Bykov]] • [[Vladimir Dzhanibekov]]
|[[Centre-right]]
|[[Liberalism]]
|-
|'''16'''
|style="background: #F5821F;"| 
|[[Bloc of Independents]]
|BN
| [[Yevgeny Alexeyevich Fyodorov|Yevgeny Fyodorov]] • Ilya Roitman • Vladimir Komchatov
|[[Centre-right]]
|[[Conservatism]]
|-
|'''17'''
|style="background: {{party color|Our Home – Russia}};"| 
|[[Our Home – Russia]]
|NDR
| [[Viktor Chernomyrdin]] • [[Nikita Mikhalkov]] • [[Lev Rokhlin]]
|[[Centre-right]]
|[[Liberal conservatism]] / [[Fiscal conservatism]]
|-
|'''18'''
|style="background: #FE4801;"| 
|[[Republican Party of Russia|Pamfilova–Gurov–Lysenko]]
|PGL
| [[Ella Pamfilova]] • [[Alexander Gurov (politician)|Alexander Gurov]] • [[:ru:Лысенко, Владимир Николаевич|Vladimir Lysenko]]
|[[Centre-right]]
|[[Classical liberalism]] / [[Atlanticism]]
|-
|'''19'''
|style="background: {{party color|Yabloko}};"| 
|[[Yabloko|Social Association «Yabloko»]]
|Yabloko
|[[Grigory Yavlinsky]] • [[Vladimir Lukin]] • [[:ru:Ярыгина, Татьяна Владимировна|Tatiana Yarygina]]
|[[Centre-left]]
|[[Social democracy]] / [[Social liberalism]]
|-
|'''20'''
|style="background: #1C1A0D;"| 
|[[Forward, Russia!]]
|VR
|[[Boris Fyodorov]] • [[:ru:Денисенко, Бэла Анатольевна|Bela Denisenko]] • [[:ru:Владиславлев, Александр Павлович|Alexander Vladislavlev]]
|[[Centre-right]]
|[[Liberal democracy]] / [[Liberal conservatism]]
|-
|'''21'''
|style="background: #00A44E;"| 
|[[Bloc '89|89 Regions of Russia]]
|89
|[[:ru:Медведев, Павел Алексеевич|Pavel Medvedev]] (only elected deputy)
|[[Centrism|Centre]]
|[[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]]
|-
|'''22'''
|style="background: {{party color|Russian Ecological Party "The Greens"}};"| 
|[[Russian Ecological Party "The Greens"|Ecological Party of Russia "KEDR"]]
|KEDR
|[[:ru:Панфилов, Анатолий Алексеевич|Anatoly Panfilov]] • [[Leonid Yakubovich]] • [[Artyom Tarasov]]
|[[Centrism|Centre]]
|[[Green politics]] / [[Agrarianism]]
|-
|'''23'''
|style="background: #3A46CE;"| 
|[[Democratic Choice of Russia – United Democrats]]
|DVR-OD
|[[Yegor Gaidar]] • [[Sergei Kovalev]] • [[Lidiya Fedoseyeva-Shukshina]]
|[[Centre-right]]
|[[Liberal conservatism]] / [[Anti-communism]]
|-
|'''24'''
|style="background: {{party color|Party of Russian Unity and Accord}};"| 
|[[Party of Russian Unity and Accord]]
|PRES
|[[Sergey Shakhray]] • [[:ru:Быков, Валерий Алексеевич|Valery Bykov]] • Vladimir Ivankov
|[[Centre-right]]
|[[Liberalism|Moderate liberalism]] / [[Conservatism]] / [[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]]
|-
|'''25'''
|style="background: {{party color|Communist Party of the Russian Federation}};"| 
|[[Communist Party of the Russian Federation]]
|CPRF
|[[Gennady Zyuganov]] • [[Svetlana Goryacheva]] • [[Aman Tuleyev]]
|[[Left-wing]] to [[far-left]]
|[[Communism]] / [[Marxism–Leninism]] / [[Left-wing nationalism]]
|-
|'''26'''
|style="background: #1A1A1A;"| 
|[[:ru:Блок Станислава Говорухина|Stanislav Govorukhin Bloc]]
|BSG
|[[Stanislav Govorukhin]] • [[:ru:Румянцев, Олег Германович|Oleg Rumyantsev]] • [[:ru:Аксючиц, Виктор Владимирович|Viktor Aksyuchits]]
|[[Right-wing]]
|[[Statism]] / [[Conservatism]]
|-
|'''27'''
|style="background: #265BAB;"| 
|[[Association of Lawyers of Russia]]
|AAR
|[[Alexey Malayev]] • [[:ru:Мирзоев, Гасан Борисович|Gasan Mirzoyev]] • [[:ru:Федосеев, Анатолий Михайлович|Anatoly Fedoseev]]
|[[Centrism|Centre]]
|[[Rule of law]]
|-
|'''28'''
|style="background: #F9DA00;"| 
|[[National Republican Party of Russia]]
|NRPR
|[[:ru:Лысенко, Николай Николаевич|Nikolay Lysenko]] • [[:ru:Павлов, Николай Александрович (политик)|Nikolay Pavlov]] • Konstantin Ovchinnikov
|[[Far-right]]
|[[Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn|Solzhenitsynism]] / [[Russian nationalism#Extremist nationalism|Russian]] [[ultranationalism]]
|-
|'''29'''
|style="background: #DD137B;"| 
|[[Social Democrats (Russia)|Social Democrats]]
|SD
|[[Gavriil Popov (politician)|Gavriil Popov]] • [[:ru:Липицкий, Василий Семёнович|Vasily Lipitsky]] • [[:ru:Богомолов, Олег Тимофеевич|Oleg Bogomolov]]
|[[Centre-left]]
|[[Social democracy]]
|-
|'''30'''
|style="background: #FF9C00;"| 
|[[Power to the People (Russia)|Power to the People!]]
|VN
|[[Nikolai Ryzhkov]] • [[Sergey Baburin]] • Elena Shuvalova
|[[Right-wing]]
|[[Patriotism]] / [[Social conservatism]] / [[Pochvennichestvo]]
|-
|'''31'''
|style="background: #2C299A;"| 
|[[Congress of Russian Communities]]
|KRO
|[[Yury Skokov]] • [[Alexander Lebed]] • [[Sergey Glazyev]]
|[[Right-wing]] to [[far-right]]
|[[Russian nationalism]] / [[National conservatism]]
|-
|'''32'''
|style="background: #F21A29;"| 
|[[Trade Unions and Industrialists – Union of Labour]]
|ST
|[[:ru:Щербаков, Владимир Иванович (министр)|Vladimir Scherbakov]] • [[:ru:Шмаков, Михаил Викторович|Mikhail Shmakov]] • [[Arkady Volsky]]
|[[Centre-left]]
|[[Labourism]] / [[Industrialism]]
|-
|'''33'''
|style="background: {{party color|Liberal Democratic Party of Russia}};"| 
|[[Liberal Democratic Party of Russia]]
|LDPR
|[[Vladimir Zhirinovsky]] • [[Sergey Abeltsev]] • [[:ru:Венгеровский, Александр Дмитриевич|Alexander Vengerovsky]]
|[[Right-wing]] to [[far-right]]
|[[Right-wing populism]] / [[Pan-Slavism]]
|-
|'''34'''
|style="background: #EE2D2A;"| 
|[[Bloc of Djuna]]
|Djuna
|[[Eugenia Davitashvili]] • [[:ru:Волков, Андрей Романович|Andrey Volkov]] • [[Aleksandr Pankratov-Chyorny]]
|[[Centrism|Centre]]
|[[Populism]]
|-
|'''35'''
|style="background: #FF4400;"| 
|[[Party of Workers' Self-Government]]
|PST
|[[Svyatoslav Fyodorov]] • [[Alexey Kazannik]] • [[Aleksandr Porokhovshchikov]]
|[[Centre-left]]
|[[Social democracy]]
|-
|'''36'''
|style="background: #D50000;"| 
|[[:ru:Коммунисты — Трудовая Россия — За Советский Союз|Communists – Labour Russia – For the Soviet Union]]
|KTR
|[[Viktor Tyulkin]] • [[:ru:Крючков, Анатолий Викторович|Anatoly Kryuchkov]] • [[Viktor Anpilov]]
|[[Far-left]]
|[[Communism]] / [[Marxism–Leninism]] / [[Anti-revisionism]]
|-
|'''37'''
|style="background: #FFF22D;"| 
|[[Beer Lovers Party (Russia)|Beer Lovers Party]]
|PLP
|[[:ru:Калачёв, Константин Эдуардович|Konstantin Kalachyov]] • Dmitry Shestakov • [[:ru:Пальчевский, Андрей Иванович|Andrey Palchevsky]]
|[[Big tent]]
|[[Joke party]] / [[Protectionism]] / [[Anti-establishment]]
|-
|'''38'''
|style="background: #DA1E1F;"| 
|[[Ivan Rybkin Bloc]]
|BIR
|[[Ivan Rybkin]] • [[Yury Petrov (politician, born 1939)|Yury Petrov]] • [[Artur Chilingarov]]
|[[Centre-left]]
|[[Agrarianism]] / [[Social democracy]]
|-
|'''39'''
|style="background: #295EC4;"| 
|[[Party of Economic Freedom]]
|PES
|[[Konstantin Borovoi]] • [[:ru:Некрасов, Леонид Васильевич|Leonid Nekrasov]] • [[Vladimir Kovalyonok]]
|[[Centre-right]]
|[[Liberalism]] / [[Neoconservatism]] / [[Economic liberalism]]
|-
|'''40'''
|style="background: #0D0900;"| 
|[[People's Union (Russia, 1995)|People's Union]]
|NS
|Vladimir Lukyanov • Dmitry Galagan • Gennady Mironov
|[[Big tent]]
|Interests of defrauded depositors
|-
|'''41'''
|style="background: {{party color|Agrarian Party of Russia}};"| 
|[[Agrarian Party of Russia]]
|APR
|[[Mikhail Lapshin]] • [[Aleksandr Nazarchuk]] • [[Vasily Starodubtsev]]
|[[Left-wing]]
|[[Agrarian socialism]] / [[Soviet collectivism|Collectivism]]
|-
|'''42'''
|style="background: #FF8201;"| 
|[[Christian Democratic Union – Christians of Russia]]
|HDS
|[[:ru:Савицкий, Виталий Викторович|Vitaly Savitsky]] • [[:ru:Иванова, Татьяна Борисовна|Tatiana Ivanova]] • Alexander Kisilyov
|[[Centre-right]]
|[[Christian democracy]]
|-
|'''43'''
|style="background: #324194;"| 
|[[Union of Workers of Housing and Communal Services]]
|SRZhKKh
|[[:ru:Чернышов, Леонид Николаевич|Leonid Chernyshov]] • Pyotr Suvorov • Valery Avdeyev
|[[Big tent]]
|[[Municipal or urban engineering|ZhKKh]] workers' interests
|-
|}

==Campaign==
Out of the forty three parties and coalitions contesting the elections, only four cleared the 5% threshold to qualify for the proportional seats.

===Pro-Government parties===
[[Our Home – Russia]] had weightier resources and soon acquired the nickname of "party of power" for its reliance on elite political and economic office holders. It was also referred to as "Our Home Is Gazprom" for its close ties to Gazprom's substantial financial resources. Most of the cabinet ministers joined the bloc, and a number of business leaders and regional political elites affiliated with it. However, almost no other parties entered it, and many SMD candidates who had initially affiliated with the party soon left it. One of the early parties to enter the bloc, Sergei Shakhrai's [[Party of Russian Unity and Accord]], also deserted it in August.<ref>Belin&Orttung 1997, pp. 34–36</ref> The party program called for "stability and development, democracy and patriotism, confidence and order" as well as "pragmatism" and "a civilized market". Other proposals were contradictory as the party proposed, among other things, to encourage foreign investment while protecting Russian manufacturers, and to promote agricultural reform while regulating land ownership.

In the election, the Our Home Is Russia bloc took 10.1% of the vote, enough to form a faction in the State Duma but not enough to serve as a dominant or pivotal force in parliament or
in the regions. At its peak, the party claimed the membership of around one third of Russia's governors. However, both the center and regional elites made only ephemeral commitments to Our Home is Russia.<ref>Hale, 2006, pp. 208–209</ref><ref>McFaul, 2001, p. 205</ref>

===Opposition parties===
As a result of these elections, the [[Communist Party of the Russian Federation|Communists]] and their satellites, the [[Agrarian Party of Russia|Agrarians]] and other [[left-wing]] deputies, controlled a little less than the half of the seats. The [[populism|populist]] [[LDPR]] occasionally sided with the [[Left-wing politics|left]] majority, but often supported the government. As in the previous Duma, the parliamentary groups of independent deputies had a significant influence on the balance of power in the parliament.

On January 17, 1996 a [[Communist]], [[Gennady Seleznyov]], was elected the [[Speaker of the Duma]].

==Results==
{{Election results
|image= 
|firstround=Party-list|secondround=Constituency
|party1=[[Communist Party of the Russian Federation|Communist Party]]|votes1=15432963|seats1=99|votes1_2=8636392|seats1_2=58|totseats1=157|sc1=+115
|party2=[[Liberal Democratic Party of Russia|Liberal Democratic Party]]|votes2=7737431|seats2=50|votes2_2=3801971|seats2_2=1|totseats2=51|sc2=–11
|party3=[[Our Home – Russia]]|votes3=7009291|seats3=45|votes3_2=3808745|seats3_2=10|totseats3=55|sc3=New
|party4=[[Yabloko]]|votes4=4767384|seats4=31|votes4_2=2209945|seats4_2=14|totseats4=45|sc4=+18
|party5=[[Women of Russia]]|votes5=3188813|seats5=0|votes5_2=712072|seats5_2=3|totseats5=3|sc5=–21
|party6=[[Russian Communist Workers Party|Communists and Working Russia for the Soviet Union]]|votes6=3137406|seats6=0|votes6_2=1276655|seats6_2=1|totseats6=1|sc6=New
|party7=[[Congress of Russian Communities]]|votes7=2980137|seats7=0|votes7_2=1987665|seats7_2=5|totseats7=5|sc7=New
|party8=[[Party of Workers' Self-Government]]|votes8=2756954|seats8=0|votes8_2=475007|seats8_2=1|totseats8=1|sc8=New
|party9=[[Democratic Choice of Russia – United Democrats]]|votes9=2674084|seats9=0|votes9_2=1819330|seats9_2=9|totseats9=9|sc9=–53
|party10=[[Agrarian Party of Russia]]|votes10=2613127|seats10=0|votes10_2=4066214|seats10_2=20|totseats10=20|sc10=–18
|party11=[[Derzhava (Russian party)|Derzhava]]|votes11=1781233|seats11=0|votes11_2=420860|seats11_2=0|totseats11=0|sc11=New
|party12=[[Forward, Russia!]]|votes12=1343428|seats12=0|votes12_2=1054577|seats12_2=3|totseats12=3|sc12=New
|party13=[[Power to the People (Russia)|Power to the People]]|votes13=1112873|seats13=0|votes13_2=1345905|seats13_2=9|totseats13=9|sc13=New
|party14=[[People's Freedom Party (Russia)|Pamfilova–Gurov–Lysenko]]|votes14=1106812|seats14=0|votes14_2=476721|seats14_2=2|totseats14=2|sc14=New|color14=#FE4801
|party15=[[Trade Unions and Industrialists – Union of Labour]]|votes15=1076072|seats15=0|votes15_2=584063|seats15_2=1|totseats15=1|sc15=New
|party16=[[Russian Ecological Party "The Greens"|Environmental Party of Russia "Kedr"]]|votes16=962195|seats16=0|votes16_2=304896|seats16_2=0|totseats16=0|sc16=0
|party17=[[Ivan Rybkin Bloc]]|votes17=769259|seats17=0|votes17_2=1073580|seats17_2=3|totseats17=3|sc17=New
|party18=[[Stanislav Govorukhin]] Bloc|votes18=688496|seats18=0|votes18_2=483281|seats18_2=1|totseats18=1|sc18=New|color18=#1A1A1A
|party19=[[Boris Gromov|My Fatherland]]|votes19=496276|seats19=0|votes19_2=351911|seats19_2=1|totseats19=1|sc19=New|color19=#CE1100
|party20=[[Irina Khakamada|Common Cause]]|votes20=472615|seats20=0|votes20_2=148584|seats20_2=1|totseats20=1|sc20=New|color20=#F7C451
|party21=[[Beer Lovers Party (Russia)|Beer Lovers Party]]|votes21=428727|seats21=0|votes21_2=57946|seats21_2=0|totseats21=0|sc21=New
|party22=All Russian Muslim Public Movement "Nur"|votes22=393513|seats22=0|votes22_2=49689|seats22_2=0|totseats22=0|sc22=New|color22=#016436
|party23=[[Transformation of Ural|Transformation of the Fatherland]]|votes23=339654|seats23=0|votes23_2=227822|seats23_2=1|totseats23=1|sc23=New
|party24=[[National Republican Party of Russia|National Republican Party]]|votes24=331700|seats24=0|totseats24=0|sc24=New
|party25=[[Eugenia Davitashvili|Block of Djuna]]|votes25=323232|seats25=0|totseats25=0|sc25=New|color25=#EE2D2A
|party26=[[Party of Russian Unity and Accord]]|votes26=245977|seats26=0|votes26_2=285654|seats26_2=1|totseats26=1|sc26=–22
|party27=Russian Lawyers' Association|votes27=242966|seats27=0|votes27_2=96046|seats27_2=0|totseats27=0|sc27=New|color27=#265BAB
|party28=[[Vladimir Polevanov|For the Motherland!]]|votes28=194254|seats28=0|votes28_2=213723|seats28_2=0|totseats28=0|sc28=New|color28=#C28314
|party29=Christian-Democratic Union – Christians of Russia|votes29=191446|seats29=0|votes29_2=102335|seats29_2=0|totseats29=0|sc29=New|color29=#FF8201
|party30=38 Words Electoral Bloc|votes30=145704|seats30=0|totseats30=0|sc30=New|color30=#0032A0
|party31=People's Union|votes31=130728|seats31=0|votes31_2=70685|seats31_2=0|totseats31=0|sc31=New|color31=#0D0900
|party32=Tikhonov–[[Aleksey Tupolev|Tupolev]]–[[Viktor Tikhonov (born 1930)|Tikhonov]] Bloc|votes32=102039|seats32=0|votes32_2=65458|seats32_2=0|totseats32=0|sc32=New|color32=#F9E2E3
|party33=Russian Union of Workers of ZhKKh|votes33=97274|seats33=0|votes33_2=115386|seats33_2=0|totseats33=0|sc33=New|color33=#324194
|party34=[[Gavriil Popov (politician)|Social Democrats]]|votes34=88642|seats34=0|votes34_2=233269|seats34_2=0|totseats34=0|sc34=New|color34=#DD137B
|party35=[[Party of Economic Freedom]]|votes35=88416|seats35=0|votes35_2=199150|seats35_2=1|totseats35=1|sc35=New
|party36=Russian All-People's Movement|votes36=86422|seats36=0|votes36_2=224779|seats36_2=0|totseats36=0|sc36=New|color36=#2998D5
|party37=[[Yevgeny Alexeyevich Fyodorov|Bloc of Independents]]|votes37=83742|seats37=0|votes37_2=375287|seats37_2=1|totseats37=1|sc37=New|color37=#F5821F
|party38=[[Oleg Kalugin|Federal Democratic Movement]]|votes38=82948|seats38=0|votes38_2=86519|seats38_2=0|totseats38=0|sc38=New|color38=#5A5A58
|party39=[[Elina Bystritskaya|Sociopolitical Movement "Stable Russia"]]|votes39=81285|seats39=0|votes39_2=159226|seats39_2=0|totseats39=0|sc39=New|color39=#A8A821
|party40=[[Mikhail Simonov|Duma-96]]|votes40=55897|seats40=0|votes40_2=108672|seats40_2=0|totseats40=0|sc40=New|color40=#3C3E42
|party41=Frontier Generation|votes41=44202|seats41=0|votes41_2=13429|seats41_2=0|totseats41=0|sc41=New|color41=#192082
|party42=[[Bloc '89]]|votes42=40840|seats42=0|votes42_2=175459|seats42_2=1|totseats42=1|sc42=New|color42=#00A44E
|party43=[[Makhmut Gareev|Interethnic Union]]|votes43=39592|seats43=0|votes43_2=169746|seats43_2=0|totseats43=0|sc43=New|color43=#F5A222
|party44=All-Russian Sociopolitical Movement of Transport Workers|votes44=|seats44=|votes44_2=162263|seats44_2=0|totseats44=0|sc44=New
|party45=Democratic Russia and Free Trade-Unions|votes45=|seats45=|votes45_2=158040|seats45_2=0|totseats45=0|sc45=New
|party47=Sociopolitical Movement "Education is Russia's Future"|votes47_2=129399|seats47_2=0|totseats47=0|sc47=New
|party48=Union of Patriots|votes48=|seats48=|votes48_2=118441|seats48_2=0|totseats48=0|sc48=New
|party50=Union of Russian Moslems|votes50=|seats50=|votes50_2=65688|seats50_2=0|totseats50=0|sc50=New
|party51=Party "Union of Communists"|votes51=|seats51=|votes51_2=62181|seats51_2=0|totseats51=0|sc51=New
|party52=Party of Supporters of Tax Reduction|votes52=|seats52=|votes52_2=61519|seats52_2=0|totseats52=0|sc52=New
|party53=Party "Democratic Alternative"|votes53=|seats53=|votes53_2=61252|seats53_2=0|totseats53=0|sc53=New
|party54=Conservative Party|votes54=|seats54=|votes54_2=57351|seats54_2=0|totseats54=0|sc54=New
|party55=Case of Peter the First|votes55=|seats55=|votes55_2=51928|seats55_2=0|totseats55=0|sc55=New
|party56=Russian Party|votes56=|seats56=|votes56_2=43221|seats56_2=0|totseats56=0|sc56=New
|party57=Union of Patriotic Orthodox Organisations|votes57=|seats57=|votes57_2=42269|seats57_2=0|totseats57=0|sc57=New
|party58=Party "Economic Alternative"|votes58=|seats58=|votes58_2=37622|seats58_2=0|totseats58=0|sc58=New
|party59=We are Serving for Russia!|votes59=|seats59=|votes59_2=35535|seats59_2=0|totseats59=0|sc59=New
|party60=League of Independent Scientists|votes60=|seats60=|votes60_2=28666|seats60_2=0|totseats60=0|sc60=New
|party61=National-Republican Party of Russia|votes61=|seats61=|votes61_2=27197|seats61_2=0|totseats61=0|sc61=New
|party62=Social Alliance "Revival"|votes62=|seats62=|votes62_2=27032|seats62_2=0|totseats62=0|sc62=New
|party63=Russian Union of Local Self-Government|votes63=|seats63=|votes63_2=21427|seats63_2=0|totseats63=0|sc63=New
|party64=Our Future|votes64=|seats64=|votes64_2=18488|seats64_2=0|totseats64=0|sc64=New
|party65=Faith, Labour, Conscience|votes65=|seats65=|votes65_2=14639|seats65_2=0|totseats65=0|sc65=New
|party66=Russian Party of Car Owners|votes66=|seats66=|votes66_2=8088|seats66_2=0|totseats66=0|sc66=New
|party67=People's Salvation Front|votes67=|seats67=|votes67_2=1881|seats67_2=0|totseats67=0|sc67=New
|party68=Workers' Collectives and Greens for the Union of Co-Owners|votes68=|seats68=|votes68_2=1442|seats68_2=0|totseats68=0|sc68=New
|party69=European Liberal Democratic Party|votes69=|seats69=|votes69_2=154|seats69_2=0|totseats69=0|sc69=New
|party70=Independents|votes70_2=21620835|seats70_2=77|totseats70=77|sc70=–58
|row71=Against all|votes71=1918151|votes71_2=6660495
|invalid=1320619|invalid2=1582227
|total_sc=0
|electorate=107496856|electorate2=107496856
|source=[https://web.archive.org/web/20041010051827/http://www2.essex.ac.uk/elect/database/indexElections.asp?country=RUSSIA&election=ru95duma University of Essex], Nohlen & Stöver
}}

==Parliamentary groups==
{| class=wikitable
!colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=left|Parliamentary group
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Leader
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Seats (Jan.'96)[http://www.politika.su/fs/gd2frac.html]
|-
|align=left colspan=2|[[Communist Party of the Russian Federation]]
|align="center" |[[Gennady Zyuganov]]
|align="center" |139
|-
|align=left colspan=2|[[Our Home - Russia]]
|align="center" |[[Sergei Belyaev]]
|align="center" |65
|-
|align=left colspan=2|[[Liberal Democratic Party of Russia]]
|align="center" |[[Vladimir Zhirinovsky]]
|align="center" |49
|-
|align=left colspan=2|[[Yabloko]]
|align="center" |[[Grigory Yavlinsky]]
|align="center" |45
|-
|align=left colspan=2|"Regions of Russia (Independent Deputies)"
|align="center" |[[Oleg Morozov (politician)|Oleg Morozov]]
|align="center" |44
|-
|align=left colspan=2|People's Power
|align="center" |[[Nikolai Ryzhkov]]
|align="center" |41 
|-
|align=left colspan=2|[[Agrarian Party of Russia|Agrarian Group]]
|align="center" |[[Nikolay Kharitonov]]
|align="center" |35
|-
|align=left colspan=2|[[Democratic Choice of Russia]] (unregistered)
|align="center" |[[Sergey Yushenkov]]
|align="center" |6
|-
|align=left colspan=2|Independents
|align="center" |
|align="center" |19 
|-
|align=left colspan=2|'''Total'''
|align="center" |
|align="center" |'''450'''
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Russian elections}}

[[Category:Legislative elections in Russia]]
[[Category:1995 elections in Russia|Legislative]]
[[Category:December 1995 events in Russia|Legislative]]
[[Category:1995 elections in Europe|Russia]]
[[Category:1995 elections in Asia|Russia]]
[[Category:2nd State Duma of the Russian Federation]]