View source for Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark

{{Short description|Currency of Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
{{hatnote|"КМ" (in Cyrillic script) redirects here. For other uses of ''KM'', see [[KM (disambiguation)|KM]] (in Latin script).}}
{{Infobox currency
| name = Bosnia and Herzegovina<br />convertible mark
| local_name = {{Nowrap|{{Lang|sh|Konvertibilna marka|italics=no}} {{Small|([[Serbo-Croatian]], [[Latin script|Latin]])}}}}<br />{{Lang|sh-Cyrl|Конвертибилна марка}} {{Small|(Serbo-Croatian, [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]])}}
| image_1 = Convertible Marks (banknotes and coins) – Vertical.png
| image_background_1 = 
| image_title_1 = Convertible marks coins and banknotes<sup>1</sup>
| image_width_1 = 
| image_alt_1 = Convertible marks coins and banknotes
| image_2 = 
| image_background_2 = 
| image_title_2 = 
| image_width_2 = 
| image_alt_2 = 
| iso_code = BAM
| issuing_authority = [[Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
| issuing_authority_title = 
| issuing_authority_website = {{URL|www.cbbh.ba}}
| date_of_introduction = 22 June 1998
| date_of_introduction_source = <ref name="CBBH1"/>
| unofficial_users = 
| using_countries = {{Flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
| inflation_title = 
| inflation_rate = −0.9%
| inflation_source_date = ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20070613003823/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2092.html The World Factbook]'', 2014 est.
| inflation_method = [[Consumer Price Index|CPI]]
| ERM_since = 
| ERM_withdraw = 
| ERM_fixed_rate_since = 
| euro_replace_non_cash = 
| euro_replace_cash = 
| ERM_fixed_rate = 
| ERM_band = 
| pegged_with = [[Euro]] (€) = KM&nbsp;1.95583
| pegged_by = 
| superunit_ratio_1 = 
| superunit_name_1 = 
| superunit_inline_note_1 = 
| subunit_ratio_1 = {{frac|1|100}}
| subunit_name_1 = [[Pfennig|Fening]]
| subunit_inline_note_1 = "Fening" is the official English language name of the subunit.
| symbol = KM
| symbol_subunit_1 = pf
| plural_slavic = Y
| no_plural = 
| coin_article =
| used_coins = 5, 10, 20, and 50 fenings;<br />KM&nbsp;1, KM&nbsp;2, KM&nbsp;5
| banknote_article =
| used_banknotes = 
| frequently_used_banknotes = KM&nbsp;10, KM&nbsp;20, KM&nbsp;50, KM&nbsp;100
| rarely_used_banknotes = KM&nbsp;200
| printer = [[Imprimerie Oberthur]]<br /><small>(by [[François-Charles Oberthür]])</small>
| value = 
| printer_website = 
| mint = [[Royal Mint]], [[Llantrisant]]
| mint_website = 
| obsolete = 
| footnotes = <sup>1</sup> Designs for KM&nbsp;10, KM&nbsp;20, KM&nbsp;50, and KM&nbsp;100 banknotes differ for the two constituent polities, the FBiH and RS, in some aspects, including images and order of scripts. The residual KM&nbsp;200 banknote and all of the coins are identical for both polities.
}}
The '''convertible mark''' ({{langx|bs|konvertibilna marka}}, [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]]: ''{{lang|sh|конвертибилна марка}}''; [[Currency symbol|sign]]: '''KM'''; [[ISO 4217|code]]: '''BAM''') is the [[currency]] of [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]. It is divided into 100 '''{{Lang|sh|Pfenig}}''' or '''{{Lang|sh|Fening}}''' ({{Lang|sh-Cyrl|Пфениг}}/{{Lang|sh-Cyrl|Фенинг}}) and locally abbreviated ''KM''.<ref name="CBBH1"/> While the currency and its subunits are uniform for both constituent polities of Bosnia and Herzegovina, namely the [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] (FBiH) and [[Republika Srpska]] (RS), the designs of the KM&nbsp;10, KM&nbsp;20, KM&nbsp;50, and KM&nbsp;100 banknotes are differentiated for each polity.

== History ==

The [[Convertibility|convertible]] mark was established by the 1995 [[Dayton Agreement]]. It replaced the [[Bosnia and Herzegovina dinar]], [[Croatian kuna]] and [[Yugoslav dinar#1994–2003; Novi dinar (YUM)|Yugoslav novi dinar]] as the single currency of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1998. ''Mark'' refers to the [[Deutsche Mark]], the currency to which it was [[Fixed currency|pegged]] at par.<ref name="CBBH1"/>

=== Etymology ===

The names derive from [[German language|German]]. The three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnian, Serbian and Croatian, have adopted the German nouns {{lang|de|[[Deutsche Mark|Mark]]}} and {{lang|de|[[Pfennig]]}} as loanwords ''marka'' and ''pfenig''. The Official Gazette of BiH (<small>Bosnian:</small> {{lang|sh|Službeni glasnik BiH}}), Official newspaper of FBiH (<small>Bosnian:</small> {{lang|sh|Službene novine FBiH}}) and other official documents recognised ''pfenig'' or пфениг<ref>{{cite journal |last=Mulaomerović |first=Jasminko |year=2004 |title=Novi numizmatičar |trans-title=New numismatist |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/34212133/Bosnia-Novi-Numizmaticar-3-2004#scribd |language=bs |edition=3 (8) |location=Sarajevo |publisher=Numizmatičko društvo – Sarajevo |volume=2 |issue=5 |pages=20–21  |access-date= 20 December 2015 |via=Scribd |quote={{lang|bs|Mi, u našoj veseloj zemlji, imamo konvertibilnu marku kao novčanu jedinicu. Marka ima svoj najsitniji dio koji se zove '''pfenig'''. Tako kaže ''Službeni glasnik BiH'', a Službeni glasnik – to ti je zakon. Ko misli da to i nije baš zakon, jer se tu objavljuju stvari koje se tiču vesele zemlje Bosne i Hercegovine, tu su i ''Službene novine Federacije BiH'' koje to potvrđuju, i to na sva tri jezika i u dva pisma. (...) Međutim, imamo mi i kovanice. Iako su i one dijelovi marke, samo odmetala, one se kod nas drugačije zovu – '''fening'''. Tako na kovanicama možemo pročitati 10 feninga, 20 feninga i 50 feninga.|italic=unset}} }}</ref> (depending on the script; Serbian uses both Latin and Cyrillic equally, while Bosnian and Croatian uses only Latin) as the name of the subdivision. Most, however, consider the "pf" cluster in "pfenig" to be nigh unpronounceable, so the pronunciation was practically immediately reduced to "fenig", which eventually gave rise to the "fening" misspelling.
Banknotes of 50 fenings circulated from 1998 to 2003.<ref name="CBBH1"/> They were denoted "50 KONVERTIBILNIH PFENIGA" / "50 КОНВЕРТИБИЛНИХ ПФЕНИГА"; technically, the word ''convertible'' should not qualify the word ''pfenig'' because only the mark is convertible.<ref name="kf">{{cite journal |last=Mulaomerović |first=Jasminko |year=2004 |title=Novi numizmatičar |trans-title=New numismatist |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/34212133/Bosnia-Novi-Numizmaticar-3-2004#scribd |language=bs |edition=3 (8) |location=Sarajevo |publisher=Numizmatičko društvo – Sarajevo |volume=2 |issue=5 |pages=20–21  |access-date= 20 December 2015 |via=Scribd |quote=... i u dva pisma. Da je to tako vidi se na novčanicama od 50 KONVERTIBILNIH PFENIGA, i onim sa Skenderom Kulenovićem i onim sa Brankom Ćopićem. Doduše, „Službeni(e)...” i stvarne novčanice se malo razilaze u detaljima pa tako u Službeni(e)... imamo „konvertibilnu marku, apoen od 50 pfeniga”, a na novčanicama „50 KONVERTIBILNIH PFENIGA”. Dakle, prema Službeni(e)... marka jeste konvertibilna, ali pfenig nije, dok je prema novčanici i PFENIG konvertibilan. Ima tu još malo nejasnoća oko velikog i malog slova u riječi „pfenig”, ali kao da je to, uostalom, i važno, i ko će sve to, bogati, gledati!?}}</ref> ''(See [[Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark#Errors|Errors]] for all of the errors on banknotes and coins.)'' Coins of 10, 20, and 50 pfenigs have circulated since 1998<ref name="CBBH1"/> (the 5-pfenigs coin was released in 2006).<ref name="CBBH1"/> All of them are inscribed "{{lang|bs|~ feninga}}" / "{{lang|sr|~ фенинга}}" on the [[Obverse and reverse|obverse]]. The misspelling {{lang|bs|fening}}/{{lang|sr|фенинг}} has never been corrected, and it took such a hold that it was officially adopted and not recognised as incorrect.<ref name="CBBH1">{{cite web |url=http://cbbh.ba/ |title=BH Currency – KM Banknotes and Coins |website=cbbh.ba |publisher=Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina |location=Sarajevo |page=1 |access-date=20 December 2015 |quote='''Fening''' details: {{!}} Mint: Royal Mint, Llantrisant {{!}} Released into Circulation: December 9th, 1998, with the exception of the 5 fening coin which is in circulation from January 5, 2006. {{!}} Face: Map of BH with overlay of denomination {{!}} Reverse: Flag of BH {{!}} The Words: "Bosna i Hercegovina" and "Fening" are on the face and reverse edges in both Latin and Cyrillic script. The date of production is on the reverse side on the left from the BH flag. {{!}} 10, 20 and 50 fening coins are made of copper-plated steel, while 5 fening coin is made of nickel-plated steel. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222134118/http://cbbh.ba/ |archive-date=22 December 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Due to the overall confusion surrounding the foreign name of the currency, most people call the convertible mark simply "marka" ("mark") while pfennigs are referred to as "kovanice" ("nickels").

==== Plurals and cases ====

[[Serbo-Croatian]] is subject to a [[Serbo-Croatian grammar#Nouns|case system]]. For the purposes of pluralizing currency terms, three situations are relevant:

*In combination with numbers 1, 21, 31, 41, 51, 61, 71, 81, 101, 1001, et cetera (i. e. all numbers ending in "1" except 11), nouns use the [[nominative]] case [[Grammatical number#Overview|singular]] (the base form):
::''màrka'' <small>(<u>màr</u>: ''a'' – short vowel, rising tone)</small> and ''pfénig''/''féning'' <small>(<u>(p)fé</u>: ''e'' – short vowel, rising tone)</small>
*In combination with numbers whose final digit is 2, 3, or 4 (except 12, 13, and 14), nouns use the genitive case [[Singular number|singular]] (the "[[paucal]] form"):
::''màrke'' <small>(<u>màr</u>: ''a'' – short vowel, rising tone)</small> and ''pféniga''/''féninga'' <small>(<u>(p)fé</u>: ''e'' – short vowel, rising tone)</small>
*In combination with numbers 0, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 100, 1000, 10000, et cetera (i. e. all numbers ending in 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0, 11, 12, 13, or 14), nouns use the [[genitive]] case plural:
::''mȁrākā'' <small>(<u>mȁr</u>: ''a'' – short vowel, falling tone; vowels ''ā'' are not accented but have genitive length)</small> and ''pfénīgā''/''fénīngā'' <small>(<u>(p)fé</u>: ''e'' – short vowel, rising tone; vowels ''ī'' and ''ā'' are not accented but have genitive length)</small>
:<small>''(For further information on accents in BSC, see [[Serbo-Croatian phonology]] and [[Shtokavian dialect#Accentuation]].)''</small>

For the pfenig, the plural is ''pfeniga''/''feninga'' with a short unaccented ''a'', whereas the genitive plural is the same ''pfeniga''/''feninga'' but with a long unaccented ''i'' and ''a''. A syllable after an accented syllable whose vowel is pronounced long and with a continuous tone, i. e. neither rising or falling, is said to have a [[genitive length]] (although the word does not necessarily have to be in the genitive case in order to have genitive length on its syllable; it can be in the [[locative]] also).

These matters should be noted when the local names are used in English. For example, the English plural "ten pfenigas" / "ten feningas" is incorrect because the final ''a'' in the BSC plural ''pfeniga''/''feninga'' already indicates the plural. Therefore "ten pfenigs" / "ten fenings" should be used. The [[Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] (CBBH) uses "fenings" as the English plural.<ref name="CBBH1"/> Likewise, "twenty-one markas", "two markes", and "twelve marakas" are incorrect; "twenty-one marks", "two marks", and "twelve marks", respectively, are correct.

== Coins ==

In December 1998, coins were introduced in denominations of 10, 20 and 50 fenings.<ref name="CBBH1"/> Coins of 5 fenings, KM&nbsp;1, KM&nbsp;2 and KM&nbsp;5 were introduced later.<ref name="CBBH1"/> The coins were designed by Bosnian designer [[Kenan Zekić]]<ref>Website of Kenan Zekić. Available at: http://kenanzekic.com.ba/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218172647/http://kenanzekic.com.ba/ |date=2014-12-18 }}</ref> and minted at the [[Royal Mint]] in [[Llantrisant]] ([[Wales]], [[UK]]).<ref name="CBBH1"/>

{|class="wikitable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%"
! colspan="13"|Coins of the convertible mark (1998–present)<ref name="CBBH1"/>
|- 
! rowspan="2"| Image<br />{{abbr|O|obverse}}&nbsp;{{abbr|R|reverse}} !!rowspan="2"| Value !!colspan="3"| Technical parameters !!colspan="3"| Description !!colspan="4"| Date of 
|- 
! Diameter !! Mass !! Composition !! Edge !! Obverse !! Reverse !! minting !! issue !! withdrawal !! lapse
|-
| style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:110%;" background="#000"| <span class="plainlinks">[https://web.archive.org/web/20151222090714/http://www.cbbh.ba/index.php?id=95&lang=en O]&nbsp;[https://web.archive.org/web/20151222080224/http://www.cbbh.ba/index.php?id=96&lang=en R]</span>
| style="text-align:right" | 5&nbsp;fenings
| 18.00&nbsp;mm
| style="text-align:right" | 2.66&nbsp;g
| nickel-plated steel
| reeded
| Map of [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], country name, denomination
| [[Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina]], country name, year
| {{nowrap|2005–present}}
| {{nowrap|5 January 2006}}
| colspan="2"| Current

|-
| style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:110%;" background="#000"| <span class="plainlinks">[https://web.archive.org/web/20151222123325/http://www.cbbh.ba/index.php?id=97&lang=en O]&nbsp;[https://web.archive.org/web/20151222101514/http://www.cbbh.ba/index.php?id=98&lang=en R]</span>
| style="text-align:right" | 10&nbsp;fenings
| 20.00&nbsp;mm
| style="text-align:right" | 3.90&nbsp;g
| rowspan="3"| copper-plated steel
| plain
| rowspan="3"|Map of Bosnia and Herzegovina, country name, denomination
| rowspan="3"|Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina, country name, year
| {{nowrap|1998–present}}
| rowspan="3"|{{nowrap|9 December 1998}}
| rowspan="3" colspan="2"| Current

|-
| style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:110%;" background="#000"| <span class="plainlinks">[https://web.archive.org/web/20151222141921/http://www.cbbh.ba/index.php?id=99&lang=en O]&nbsp;[https://web.archive.org/web/20151222103658/http://www.cbbh.ba/index.php?id=100&lang=en R]</span>
| style="text-align:right" | 20&nbsp;fenings
| 22.00&nbsp;mm
| style="text-align:right" | 4.50&nbsp;g
| rowspan="2"|reeded
| {{nowrap|1998–present}}

|-
| style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:110%;" background="#000"| <span class="plainlinks">[https://web.archive.org/web/20151222145223/http://www.cbbh.ba/index.php?id=101&lang=en O]&nbsp;[https://web.archive.org/web/20151222152646/http://www.cbbh.ba/index.php?id=102&lang=en R]</span>
| 50&nbsp;fenings
| 24.00&nbsp;mm
| style="text-align:right" | 5.15&nbsp;g
| {{nowrap|1998–present}}

|-
| style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:110%;" background="#000"| <span class="plainlinks">[https://web.archive.org/web/20151222123957/http://www.cbbh.ba/index.php?id=107&lang=en O]&nbsp;[https://web.archive.org/web/20151222101102/http://www.cbbh.ba/index.php?id=108&lang=en R]</span>
| style="text-align:right" | 1&nbsp;mark&thinsp;&nbsp;
| 23.25&nbsp;mm
| style="text-align:right" | 4.95&nbsp;g
| nickel-plated steel
| rowspan="2"| milled and smooth 
| rowspan="3"| Denomination, country name, indented and inverted triangles*
| [[Coat of arms of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
| {{nowrap|2000–present}}
| rowspan="2"| {{nowrap|31 July 2000}}
| rowspan="3" colspan="2"| Current

|-
| style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:110%;" background="#000"| <span class="plainlinks">[https://web.archive.org/web/20151222091218/http://www.cbbh.ba/index.php?id=105&lang=en O]&nbsp;[https://web.archive.org/web/20151222075857/http://www.cbbh.ba/index.php?id=106&lang=en R]</span>
| style="text-align:right" | 2&nbsp;marks
| 25.75&nbsp;mm
| style="text-align:right" | 6.90&nbsp;g
| cupro-nickel (inner ring);<br />golden 5.5%;<br />nickel-brass combination (outer ring)
| rowspan="2"| [[Peace dove]]
| {{nowrap|2000–present}}

|-
| style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:110%;" background="#000"| <span class="plainlinks">[https://web.archive.org/web/20151222115749/http://www.cbbh.ba/index.php?id=103&lang=en O]&nbsp;[https://web.archive.org/web/20151222134917/http://www.cbbh.ba/index.php?id=104&lang=en R]</span>
| style="text-align:right" | 5&nbsp;marks
| 30.00&nbsp;mm
| style="text-align:right" | 10.35&nbsp;g
| nickel-brass (inner ring);<br />copper-nickel (outer ring) 
| milled
| {{nowrap|2005–present}}
| {{nowrap|5 January 2006}}
|-
| colspan="16"|{{Standard coin table notice|standard_scale=Y|BrE=Y}}
*The triangles are intended for the visually impaired.
|}

== Banknotes ==

In 1998, notes were introduced in denominations of 50 fenings, KM&nbsp;1, KM&nbsp;5, KM&nbsp;10, KM&nbsp;20, KM&nbsp;50, and KM&nbsp;100.&nbsp;KM&nbsp;200 notes were added in 2002, while the 50-fening and KM&nbsp;1 and KM&nbsp;5 notes were later withdrawn from circulation. All current notes are valid throughout the nation.<ref name="CBBH1"/>

The Central Bank of Bosnia Herzegovina issues the banknotes, with distinct designs for the constituent polities of the [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] and the [[Republika Srpska]],<sup>1</sup> except for the largest denomination, i. e. the KM&nbsp;200 note. The banknotes are legal tender throughout the country.<ref name="CBBH1"/> On the notes for the Republika Srpska, inscriptions are printed first in Cyrillic and then Latin script, and vice versa. Banknotes, with the exception of the KM&nbsp;200 note, are printed by the French company [[Imprimerie Oberthur|Oberthur]].<ref name="CBBH1"/><ref>Mulic, Josef (2000). ''Papirini novac na tlu Bosne i Hercegovine od 1918. godine do danas''</ref>

===Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina issues===

{|class="wikitable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%" width="75%"
|-
! colspan="10"|Banknotes of the convertible mark for FBiH (1998–present)<ref name="CBBH1"/>
|-
! rowspan="2" width="5%"| Image<br />{{abbr|O|obverse}}&nbsp;{{abbr|R|reverse}} !!rowspan="2" width="5%"| Value !!colspan="2" width="30%"| Technical parameters !!colspan="2" width="30%"| Description !!colspan="4" width="30%"| Date of
|-
! width="10%" | Dimensions !! width="30%" | Watermark !! width="18%" | Obverse !! width="22%" | Reverse !! width="5%" | printing !! width="5%" | issue !! width="5%" | withdrawal !! width="5%" | lapse
|-
| style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:110%; background=#000;"| <span class="plainlinks">[[:sr:Датотека:50pf fe lice.jpg|O]]&nbsp;[[:sr:Датотека:50pf fe nalicje.jpg|R]]</span>
| style="text-align:right" | 50&nbsp;fenings
| style="text-align:right" | 120&nbsp;mm&nbsp;×&nbsp;60&nbsp;mm
| rowspan="7"| Central Bank monogram repeated vertically
| [[Skender Kulenović]]
| Stećak Zgošca fragment
| rowspan="2"| {{nowrap|No date}}<br />(1998)
| rowspan="3"| {{nowrap|22 June 1998}}
| {{nowrap|1 January 2003<ref name="cbbh.ba">{{cite web|url=http://cbbh.ba/index.php?id=306|title=CBBH|website=Cbbh.ba|access-date=3 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222212424/http://cbbh.ba/index.php?id=306|archive-date=2014-02-22|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
| rowspan="2"|{{nowrap|1 April 2018<ref name="http://cbbh.ba/index.php?id=854">{{Cite web |url=http://cbbh.ba/index.php?id=854 |title=CBBH |access-date=2014-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222123835/http://cbbh.ba/index.php?id=854 |archive-date=2015-12-22 |url-status=dead }}</ref>}}	
|-
| style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:110%; background=#000;"| <span class="plainlinks">[[:sr:Датотека:1km fe lice velika.gif|O]]&nbsp;[[:sr:Датотека:1km fe nalicje velika.gif|R]]</span>
| style="text-align:right" | 1&nbsp;mark&thinsp;&nbsp;
| style="text-align:right" | 120&nbsp;mm&nbsp;×&nbsp;60&nbsp;mm
| [[Ivan Franjo Jukić]]
| Stećak Stolac fragment
| {{nowrap|1 January 2009<ref name="http://cbbh.ba/index.php?id=538">{{Cite web |url=http://cbbh.ba/index.php?id=538 |title=CBBH |access-date=2014-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222212427/http://cbbh.ba/index.php?id=538 |archive-date=2014-02-22 |url-status=dead }}</ref>}}
|-
| style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:110%; background=#000;"| <span class="plainlinks">[[:sr:Датотека:5km fe lice velika.gif|O]]&nbsp;[[:sr:Датотека:5km fe nalicje velika.gif|R]]</span>
| style="text-align:right" | 5&nbsp;marks
| style="text-align:right" | 122&nbsp;mm&nbsp;×&nbsp;62&nbsp;mm
| [[Meša Selimović]]
| Trees
| {{nowrap|No date}}<br />(1998)
| {{nowrap|1 January 2010<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web|url=http://www.cbbh.ba/index.php?id=638&lang=en|title=CBBH|website=Cbbh.ba|access-date=3 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314052216/http://cbbh.ba/index.php?id=638&lang=en|archive-date=2016-03-14|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
| {{nowrap|1 April 2018<ref name="http://cbbh.ba/index.php?id=854"/>}}
|-
| style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:110%; background=#000;"| <span class="plainlinks">[https://web.archive.org/web/20151225155052/http://www.cbbh.ba/index.php?id=817&lang=en O]&nbsp;[https://web.archive.org/web/20151225164140/http://www.cbbh.ba/index.php?id=819&lang=en R]</span>
| style="text-align:right" | 10&nbsp;marks
| style="text-align:right" | 130&nbsp;mm&nbsp;×&nbsp;65&nbsp;mm
| [[Mak Dizdar|Mehmedalija Mak Dizdar]]
| Stećak Križevići fragment (until 2017 print, wrongly named as "Stećak Radimlja", corrected in 2019 print)<ref>{{cite web |title=Novčanice KM |url=https://www.cbbh.ba/Content/Read/19 |website=www.cbbh.ba |access-date=16 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=H |first1=S. |title=Na novčanici od 10 KM nije stećak iz Radimlje, greška će biti ispravljena |url=https://radiosarajevo.ba/biznis/ekonomija/na-novcanici-od-10-km-nije-stecak-iz-radimlje-greska-ce-se-ispraviti-novim-stampanjem/280944 |website=Radio Sarajevo|date=10 November 2017 }}</ref>
| {{nowrap|No date}}<br />(1998)<br />(2008)<br />(2012)<br />(2017)<br />(2019)
| rowspan="2"|{{nowrap|22 June 1998}}<br />{{nowrap|4 November 2008}}<br />1 June 2012<br />14 April 2017
| rowspan="4" colspan="2"| Current
|-
| style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:110%; background=#000;"| <span class="plainlinks">[https://web.archive.org/web/20151225185505/http://www.cbbh.ba/index.php?id=822&lang=en O]&nbsp;[https://web.archive.org/web/20151225164931/http://www.cbbh.ba/index.php?id=823&lang=en R]</span>
| style="text-align:right" | 20&nbsp;marks
| style="text-align:right" | 138&nbsp;mm&nbsp;×&nbsp;68&nbsp;mm
| [[Antun Branko Šimić]]
| Stećak [[Radimlja]] fragment
|{{nowrap|No date}}<br />(1998)<br />(2008)<br />(2012)<br />(2019)
|-
| style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:110%; background=#000;"| <span class="plainlinks">[https://web.archive.org/web/20151225162954/http://www.cbbh.ba/index.php?id=826&lang=en O]&nbsp;[https://web.archive.org/web/20151225182754/http://www.cbbh.ba/index.php?id=827&lang=en R]</span>
| style="text-align:right" | 50&nbsp;marks
| style="text-align:right" | 146&nbsp;mm&nbsp;×&nbsp;71&nbsp;mm
| [[Musa Ćazim Ćatić]]
| Stone relief
| {{nowrap|No date}}<br />(1998)<br />(2002)<br />(2007)<br />(2008)<br />(2009)<br />(2012)<br />(2017)<br />(2019)
| <br />{{nowrap|22 June 1998}}<br />{{nowrap|No date}}&nbsp;(2002)<br />{{nowrap|1 March 2007}}<br />{{nowrap|No date}}&nbsp;(2008)<br />{{nowrap|14 December 2009}}<br />{{nowrap|1 June 2012}}
|-
| style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:110%; background=#000;"| <span class="plainlinks">[https://web.archive.org/web/20151225181342/http://www.cbbh.ba/index.php?id=830&lang=en O]&nbsp;[https://web.archive.org/web/20151225161802/http://www.cbbh.ba/index.php?id=831&lang=en R]</span>
| style="text-align:right" | 100&nbsp;marks
| style="text-align:right" | 154&nbsp;mm&nbsp;×&nbsp;74&nbsp;mm
| [[Nikola Šop]]
| Stećak Zgošca fragment
| {{nowrap|No date}}<br />(1998)<br />(2002)<br />(2007)<br />(2008)<br />(2012)<br />(2017)<br />(2019)
| <br />{{nowrap|27 July 1998}}<br />{{nowrap|No date}}&nbsp;(2002)<br />{{nowrap|1 March 2007}}<br />{{nowrap|No date}}&nbsp;(2008)<br />{{nowrap|1 June 2012}}
|-
| colspan="10"|{{Standard banknote table notice|standard_scale=Y|BrE=Y}}
|}

===Republika Srpska issues===
{|class="wikitable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%" width="75%"
|-
! colspan="10"|Banknotes of the convertible mark for RS (1998–present)<ref name="CBBH1"/>
|-
! rowspan="2" width="5%"| Image<br />{{abbr|O|obverse}}&nbsp;{{abbr|R|reverse}} !!rowspan="2" width="5%"| Value !!colspan="2" width="30%"| Technical parameters !!colspan="2" width="30%"| Description !!colspan="4" width="30%"| Date of
|-
! width="10%" | Dimensions !! width="30%" | Watermark !! width="18%" | Obverse !! width="22%" | Reverse !! width="5%" | printing !! width="5%" | issue !! width="5%" | withdrawal !! width="5%" | lapse
|-
| style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:110%; background=#000;"| <span class="plainlinks">[[:sr:Датотека:50pf rs lice.jpg|O]]&nbsp;[[:sr:Датотека:50pf rs nalicje.jpg|R]]</span>
| style="text-align:right" | 50&nbsp;fenings
| style="text-align:right" | 120&nbsp;mm&nbsp;×&nbsp;60&nbsp;mm
| rowspan="7"| Central Bank monogram repeated vertically
| [[Branko Ćopić]]
| House and books
| rowspan="2"| {{nowrap|No date}}<br />(1998)
| rowspan="3"| {{nowrap|22 June 1998}}
| {{nowrap|1 January 2003<ref name="cbbh.ba"/>}}
| rowspan="2"|{{nowrap|1 April 2018<ref name="http://cbbh.ba/index.php?id=854"/>}}
|-
| style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:110%; background=#000;"| <span class="plainlinks">[[:sr:Датотека:1km rs lice velika.gif|O]]&nbsp;[[:sr:Датотека:1km rs nalicje velika.gif|R]]</span>
| style="text-align:right" | 1&nbsp;mark&thinsp;&nbsp;
| style="text-align:right" | 120&nbsp;mm&nbsp;×&nbsp;60&nbsp;mm
| [[Ivo Andrić]]
| [[The Bridge on the Drina]]
| {{nowrap|15 July 1998{{Ref_label|A|a|none}}<ref>The decision not to release into the circulation the banknote in denominations of 1 convertible mark (Official Gazette of BiH (No 13/98))</ref>}}
|-
| style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:110%; background=#000;"| <span class="plainlinks">[[:sr:Датотека:5km rs lice velika.gif|O]]&nbsp;[[:sr:Датотека:5km rs nalicje velika.gif|R]]</span>
| style="text-align:right" | {{Ref_label|B|b|none}}5&nbsp;marks
| style="text-align:right" | 122&nbsp;mm&nbsp;×&nbsp;62&nbsp;mm
| [[Meša Selimović]]
| Trees
| {{nowrap|No date}}<br />(1998)
| {{nowrap|1 January 2010<ref name="ReferenceA"/>}}
| {{nowrap|1 April 2018<ref name="http://cbbh.ba/index.php?id=854"/>}}
|-
| style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:110%; background=#000;"| <span class="plainlinks">[https://web.archive.org/web/20151225172612/http://www.cbbh.ba/index.php?id=820&lang=en O]&nbsp;[https://web.archive.org/web/20151225191757/http://www.cbbh.ba/index.php?id=821&lang=en R]</span>
| style="text-align:right" | 10&nbsp;marks
| style="text-align:right" | 130&nbsp;mm&nbsp;×&nbsp;65&nbsp;mm
| [[Aleksa Šantić]]
| Loaf of bread
|{{nowrap|No date}}<br />(1998)<br />(2008)<br />(2012)<br />(2017)<br />(2019)
| rowspan="2"| <br />{{nowrap|22 June 1998}}<br />{{nowrap|4 November 2008}}<br />{{nowrap|1 June 2012}}
| rowspan="4" colspan="2"| Current
|-
| style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:110%; background=#000;"| <span class="plainlinks">[https://web.archive.org/web/20151225180016/http://www.cbbh.ba/index.php?id=824&lang=en O]&nbsp;[https://web.archive.org/web/20151225160053/http://www.cbbh.ba/index.php?id=825&lang=en R]</span>
| style="text-align:right" | 20&nbsp;marks
| style="text-align:right" | 138&nbsp;mm&nbsp;×&nbsp;68&nbsp;mm
| [[Filip Višnjić]]
| [[Gusle]] (musical instrument)
|{{nowrap|No date}}<br />(1998)<br />(2008)<br />(2012)<br />(2019)
|-
| style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:110%; background=#000;"| <span class="plainlinks">[https://web.archive.org/web/20151225160740/http://www.cbbh.ba/index.php?id=828&lang=en O]&nbsp;[https://web.archive.org/web/20151225181022/http://www.cbbh.ba/index.php?id=829&lang=en R]</span>
| style="text-align:right" | 50&nbsp;marks
| style="text-align:right" | 146&nbsp;mm&nbsp;×&nbsp;71&nbsp;mm
| [[Jovan Dučić]]
| pen, eyeglasses and book
| {{nowrap|No date}}<br />(1998)<br />(2002)<br />(2007)<br />(2008)<br />(2009)<br />(2012)<br />(2017)<br />(2019)
| <br />{{nowrap|22 June 1998}}<br />{{nowrap|No date}}&nbsp;(2002)<br />{{nowrap|1 March 2007}}<br />{{nowrap|No date}}&nbsp;(2008)<br />{{nowrap|14 December 2009}}<br />{{nowrap|1 June 2012}}
|-
| style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:110%; background=#000;"| <span class="plainlinks">[https://web.archive.org/web/20151225164045/http://www.cbbh.ba/index.php?id=832&lang=en O]&nbsp;[https://web.archive.org/web/20151225184528/http://www.cbbh.ba/index.php?id=833&lang=en R]</span>
| style="text-align:right" | 100&nbsp;marks
| style="text-align:right" | 154&nbsp;mm&nbsp;×&nbsp;74&nbsp;mm
| [[Petar Kočić]]
| pen, eyeglasses and book
| {{nowrap|No date}}<br />(1998)<br />(2002)<br />(2007)<br />(2008)<br />(2012)<br />(2017)<br />(2019)
| <br />{{nowrap|27 July 1998}}<br />{{nowrap|No date}}&nbsp;(2002)<br />{{nowrap|1 March 2007}}<br />{{nowrap|No date}}&nbsp;(2008)<br />{{nowrap|1 June 2012}}
|-
| colspan="10"|{{Standard banknote table notice|standard_scale=Y|BrE=Y}}
|}

===Nationwide issues===
The portraits of [[Ivan Franjo Jukić]] and [[Meša Selimović]], which are both writers, were featured by consensus between both entities on all KM&nbsp;1 and KM&nbsp;5 notes used between 1998 and 2010.<ref name="CBBH1"/>

On 15 May 2002, a KM&nbsp;200 banknote, designed by [[Robert Kalina]], was introduced during a promotion that was held in the Central Bank of BH. The reverse design which depicts a bridge is meant to resemble the euro banknotes, which were also designed by Robert Kalina. After an international tender, the Austrian company Oesterreichische Banknoten und Sicherheitsdruck GmbH (OeBS) in [[Vienna]] was chosen to print the notes. Initially, six million were ordered.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://cbbh.ba/index.php?id=312|title=CBBH|website=Cbbh.ba|access-date=3 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222210315/http://cbbh.ba/index.php?id=312|archive-date=2014-02-22|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%" width="75%"
|-
! colspan="11"|Banknotes of the convertible mark for both entities (2002–present)<ref name="CBBH1"/>
|-
! rowspan="2" width="5%"| Image<br />{{abbr|O|obverse}}&nbsp;{{abbr|R|reverse}} !!rowspan="2" width="5%"| Value !!colspan="2" width="30%"| Technical parameters !!colspan="2" width="30%"| Description !!colspan="4" width="30%"| Date of
|-
! width="10%" | Dimensions !! width="30%" | Watermark !! width="18%" | Obverse !! width="22%" | Reverse !! width="5%" | printing !! width="5%" | issue !! width="5%" | withdrawal !! width="5%" | lapse
|-
| style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:110%; background=#000;"| <span class="plainlinks">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140222210316/http://www.cbbh.ba/index.php?id=93&lang=en O]&nbsp;[https://web.archive.org/web/20140222210313/http://www.cbbh.ba/index.php?id=94&lang=en R]</span>
| style="text-align:right" | 200&nbsp;marks
| style="text-align:right" | 156&nbsp;mm&nbsp;×&nbsp;76&nbsp;mm
| Image of the Bridge on River Drina<ref name="auto"/>
| [[Ivo Andrić]]
| [[The Bridge on the Drina]]
| {{nowrap|No date}}<br />(2002)<br />{{nowrap|17 August 2022}}
| <br />{{nowrap|15 May 2002}}
| colspan="2"| Current
|-
| colspan="10"|{{Standard banknote table notice|standard_scale=Y|BrE=Y}}
|}

==Exchange rates==

Initially the mark was pegged to the [[Deutsche Mark]] at par.<ref name="CBBH1"/> Since the replacement of the German mark by the [[euro]] in 2002, the Bosnian convertible mark uses the same [[fixed exchange rate]] to euro that the German mark had (that is, {{nowrap|1=1 <code>EUR</code> = 1.95583 <code>BAM</code>).}}<ref name="CBBH1"/>

{{Exchange Rate|BAM|TRY}}

== Errors ==
[[File:1 KM banknote mistake (RS).jpg|thumb|right|250px|Detail on KM&nbsp;1 banknote for [[Republika Srpska]] with misspelled name of [[Ivo Andrić]] written in Cyrillic as "ИВО АНДРИЂ / IVO ANDRIĐ" instead of "ИВО АНДРИЋ / IVO ANDRIĆ"]]
Banknotes and coins of Bosnia and Herzegovina have many mistakes and inconsistencies.<ref name="CBBH1"/>

Officially, only one banknote has not been released in circulation because of a mistake, even though other banknotes with mistakes had been issued.<ref name="CBBH1"/>

=== Banknote examples ===

These are the most important mistakes that have been noticed to date:
* Both designs of the 50 fening banknote imprinted the adjective "convertible" next to the noun "pfenig", although only the mark has the "convertible" prefix ("50 '''KONVERTIBILNIH''' PFENIGA" / "50 '''КОНВЕРТИБИЛНИХ''' ПФЕНИГА").<ref name="kf"/>
* The KM&nbsp;1 banknote for [[Republika Srpska]] was imprinted "ИВО АНДРИ'''Ђ''' / IVO ANDRI'''Đ'''" instead of "ИВО АНДРИ'''Ћ''' / IVO ANDRI'''Ć'''". This banknote was immediately removed from circulation.{{Ref_label|A|a|none}}
* Both designs of the KM&nbsp;5 banknote had the Cyrillic word "five" incorrectly printed in Latin script on its reverse ("'''P'''ET КОНВЕРТИБИЛНИХ МАРАКА", instead of "ПЕТ ..."). Also, Meša Selimović's name is written in Cyrillic as "Ме'''щ'''а Селимовић" instead of "Me'''ш'''а Селимовић" (the letter ''[[Shcha|щ]]'' is not even used in any of the official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina).
* The KM&nbsp;10 banknote for [[Republika Srpska]], first series, 1998, had [[Aleksa Šantić]]'s name printed in Latin script although it should have been printed in Cyrillic script as it is on all other examples of the 1998 series.
* Both designs of the KM&nbsp;100 banknote{{which|date=December 2015}}<!--There are several printing series, so which one do we refer to?--> were incorrectly printed with the Cyrillic abbreviation of the Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina with "Џ / Dž" instead of "Ц / C" (i. e. "'''Џ'''ББХ / '''Dž'''BBH" instead of "'''Ц'''ББХ / '''C'''BBH") in the safety bar.
* In 2017, Edin Bujak of the Department of Archaeology of the Faculty of Philosophy in [[Sarajevo]] noticed a mistake on the KM&nbsp;10 banknote for the Federation of B&H. The picture of the [[stećak]] on the reverse is actually a picture of a stećak from Križevići, Olovo and not from the [[Radimlja]] necropolis as stated on the banknote. The Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina confirmed this mistake, and it will be corrected in future printing of the banknote.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.radiosarajevo.ba/biznis/ekonomija/na-novcanici-od-10-km-nije-stecak-iz-radimlje-greska-ce-se-ispraviti-novim-stampanjem/280944|title=Na novčanici od 10 KM nije stećak iz Radimlje, greška će biti ispravljena|website=Radiosarajevo.ba|date=10 November 2017 |access-date=4 January 2018}}</ref>

=== Coin examples ===
* The name of the subdivision of the convertible mark has been incorrectly engraved on coins: the word "pfenig" has been engraved as "fening". This mistake has taken such a hold, especially because there were and are no 50 pfenig/fening banknotes in circulation, that "fening" was officially adopted as the name of the hundredth unit of the KM and is not recognized as incorrect.<ref name="CBBH1"/>

==See also==
*[[Currencies related to the euro]]
*[[Economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]

==Notes==
{{refbegin}}
{{ordered list
|type=a
|1= {{Note_label|A|a|none}} This Republika Srpska issue of KM&nbsp;1 was immediately removed from circulation because of a typo. Instead of "Иво Андрић" it was written "Иво Андриђ". The decision not to release into the circulation the banknote in denominations of 1 convertible mark was published in Official Gazette of BiH (No 13/98).
|2= {{Note_label|B|b|none}} This Republika Srpska issue of KM&nbsp;5 is same as the one for FBiH but for RS issue denominations are written in Cyrillic script first and then in Latin (for FBiH issue vice versa).
}}
{{refend}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.bis-ans-ende-der-welt.net/Bosnien-Herzegowina-B-En.htm Historical and current banknotes of Bosnia and Herzegovina]

{{Currencies of Former Yugoslavia}}

{{Bosnia and Herzegovina topics}}
{{Currencies of Europe|state = collapsed}}
{{Mark}}
{{Portal bar|Bosnia and Herzegovina|Europe|Money|Numismatics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bosnia And Herzegovina Convertible Mark}}
[[Category:Circulating currencies]]
[[Category:Currencies introduced in 1998]]
[[Category:Economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina|currency]]
[[Category:Fixed exchange rate]]
[[Category:Currencies with multiple banknote issuers]]
[[Category:Currencies of Europe]]