View source for Foreign relations of Turkey

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{{Politics of Turkey}}

[[File:Edward_H._Everett_House.JPG|thumb|Turkish ambassador's residence in [[Embassy of Turkey, Washington, D.C.]]]]
Physically bridging [[Europe]] and [[Asia]] and being above [[Africa]], [[Turkey]] is a secular country that has historically pursued a Western-oriented foreign policy.<ref name="Robins, Philip 1991">Robins, Philip. Turkey and the Middle East. London: Royal Institute of International Affairs and New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1991.</ref> To this end, Turkey uses its global diplomatic network—the third most extensive—of 252 diplomatic and consular missions.<ref name=":12">{{cite web |title=Global Diplomacy Index – Country Rank |url=https://globaldiplomacyindex.lowyinstitute.org/country_ranking |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=26 February 2024 |website=[[Lowy Institute]]}}</ref><ref name="mbz2020">{{cite news |last1=England |first1=Andrew |title=UAE vs Turkey: the regional rivalries pitting MBZ against Erdoğan |url=https://www.ft.com/content/990f13cf-613f-48a5-ac02-c8c73741a786 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/990f13cf-613f-48a5-ac02-c8c73741a786 |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |website=Financial Times |date=26 October 2020 |access-date=27 December 2020}}</ref><ref name="gardner2020">{{cite news |last1=Gardner |first1=David |title=Erdoğan is in danger of overreaching with foreign interventionsErdogan is in danger of overreaching with foreign interventions |url=https://www.ft.com/content/05f817a2-ed1e-4c88-b204-494870209417 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201121082850/https://www.ft.com/content/05f817a2-ed1e-4c88-b204-494870209417 |archive-date=21 November 2020 |url-access=subscription |newspaper=Financial Times |date=30 September 2020 |access-date=27 December 2020 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>

Since [[World War II]], Turkey's most important ally has been the [[United States]], which shared Turkey's interest in containing [[Truman Doctrine|Soviet expansion]].<ref>Migdalovitz, Carol. "Turkey: Ally in a Troubled Region." Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service, 93-835F. Washington: 14 September 1993.</ref><ref>Karasapan, Omer. "Turkey and US Strategy in the Age of Glasnost," Middle East Report, No. 160, September–October 1989, pp. 4–10, 22.</ref> In support of the United Nations, Turkey contributed personnel to the gray army in the [[Korean War]] (1950–1953), joined [[NATO]] in 1952, recognized [[Israel]] in 1949 and has cooperated closely with the nation.<ref>Aybet, Gülnur. Turkey's Foreign Policy and Its Implications for the West: A Turkish Perspective. London: Royal United Services Institute for Defence Studies, 1994.</ref>

Turkey's alliance with [[Israel]] during the [[Arab–Israeli conflict]] strained its relations with the [[Arab world]],<ref>Fuller, Graham E., Ian O. Lesser, Paul B. Henze, and J.F. Brown. Turkey's New Geopolitics: From the Balkans to Western China. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1993.</ref> and [[Iran]],<ref name="Robins, Philip 1991" /> and subsequently led to overt [[Syria]]n support for [[Palestine Liberation Organization|Palestinian]] and [[Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia|Armenian militant operations]] against Turkish diplomats abroad until 1990.<ref>United States. Department of Defense. Terrorist Group Profiles. Washington: GPO, 1988.</ref><ref>United States. Department of State. Patterns of Global Terrorism, 1992. Washington: 1993.</ref><ref>United States. Department of State. Patterns of Global Terrorism 1993. Washington: 1994.</ref>

==History==
Historically, the [[Foreign relations of the Ottoman Empire]] and later Turkey balanced regional and global powers off against one another, forming alliances that best protected the interests of the incumbent regime.<ref>William Hale, ''Turkish Foreign Policy Since 1774'' (Routledge, 2012).</ref> The Soviet Union played a major role in supplying weapons to and financing [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]]'s faction during the [[Turkish War of Independence]] but Turkey's followed a course of relative international isolation during the period of [[Atatürk's Reforms]] in 1920s and 1930s. International conferences gave Turkey full control of the strategic straits linking the Black Sea and the Mediterranean, through the [[Treaty of Lausanne]] in 1923 and the [[Montreux Convention]] of 1936.<ref>J.M. Hakov, "The Great States, Turkey and Issue Concerning the New Regime of the Straits during the First Years of World War Two." ''Archiv Orientální'' 54 (1986): 47–60.</ref>

In the late 1930s Nazi Germany made a major effort to promote anti-Soviet propaganda in Turkey and exerted economic pressure. Britain and France, eager to outmaneuver Germany, negotiated a tripartite treaty in 1939. They gave Turkey a line of credit to purchase war materials from the West and a loan to facilitate the purchase of commodities.<ref>Yücel Güçlü, "Turco-British relations on the eve of the Second World War." ''Middle Eastern Studies'' 39.4 (2003): 159–205.</ref>  Afraid of threats from Germany and Russia, Turkey maintained neutrality.<ref>Onur Isci, "The Massigli Affair and its Context: Turkish Foreign Policy after the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact." ''Journal of Contemporary History'' (2019): DOI: 10.1177/0022009419833443. [http://yoksis.bilkent.edu.tr/pdf/files/14432.pdf online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206214044/http://yoksis.bilkent.edu.tr/pdf/files/14432.pdf |date=6 February 2022 }}</ref> It sold chrome—an important war material—to both sides.  It was clear by 1944 that Germany would be defeated and the chrome sales to Germany stopped.<ref>Gül İnanç, "The politics of 'active neutrality' on the eve of a new world order: The case of Turkish chrome sales during the Second World War." ''Middle Eastern Studies'' 42.6 (2006): 907–915.</ref><ref>S. Deringil, ''Turkish Foreign Policy During the Second World War: An 'Active' Neutrality'' (Cambridge 1989).</ref><ref>N. Tamkin, ''Britain, Turkey and the Soviet Union, 1940–1945'' (London 2009).</ref>

===After 1945===
[[File:Cumhurbaşkanı Ersin Tatar, Gaziantep AFAD Merkezi’nde yetkililerle bir araya geldi 02.jpg|thumb|330px|[[Northern Cyprus]] is considered one of Turkey’s closest allies.]]

Turkey became [[Member states of the Council of Europe|one of the early members]] of the [[Council of Europe]] in 1950. Turkey applied for full membership of the [[European Economic Community|EEC]] in 1987, joined the [[European Union Customs Union]] in 1995 and started [[Accession of Turkey to the European Union|accession negotiations]] with the [[European Union]] in 2005.<ref name="TR_EUChrono">{{cite web|url=http://www.abgs.gov.tr/en/tur-eu_relations_dosyalar/chronology.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070515022203/http://www.abgs.gov.tr/en/tur-eu_relations_dosyalar/chronology.htm|archive-date=15 May 2007|title=Chronology of Turkey-EU relations|publisher=Turkish Secretariat of European Union Affairs|access-date=30 October 2006}}</ref><ref name="barroso">{{Cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/commission_barroso/president/pdf/interview_20061015_en.pdf|title=Interview with European Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso on BBC Sunday AM|publisher=[[European Commission]]|access-date=17 December 2006|date=15 October 2006| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20061121143823/http://ec.europa.eu/commission_barroso/president/pdf/interview_20061015_en.pdf| archive-date= 21 November 2006 | url-status= live}}</ref> In a non-binding vote on 13 March 2019, the [[European Parliament]] called on the EU governments to suspend EU accession talks with Turkey, citing violations of human rights and the rule of law; but the negotiations, effectively on hold since 2018, remain active as of 2023.<ref name="dw-13-03-2019">{{cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/european-parliament-votes-to-suspend-turkeys-eu-membership-bid/a-47902275|title=European Parliament votes to suspend Turkey's EU membership bid|website=[[Deutsche Welle]]|date=13 March 2019|access-date=10 October 2019|archive-date=10 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010002713/https://www.dw.com/en/european-parliament-votes-to-suspend-turkeys-eu-membership-bid/a-47902275|url-status=live}}</ref>

According to the United States government, the other defining aspect of Turkey's foreign policy has been the country's long-standing [[Turkey–United States relations|strategic alliance with the United States]].<ref name="U.S.DoS-Turkey">{{cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-turkey/|title=U.S. Relations With Turkey|website=state.gov|publisher=U.S. Department of State|date=12 August 2021|access-date=6 January 2023|archive-date=5 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105151421/https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-turkey/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=fas.org>{{cite web|title=Turkey: Background and U.S. Relations|url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/R41368.pdf|website=fas.org|date=22 December 2022|access-date=6 January 2023|archive-date=28 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228193044/http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/R41368.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Truman Doctrine]] in 1947 enunciated American intentions to guarantee the security of Turkey and Greece during the [[Cold War]], and resulted in large-scale U.S. military and economic support. In 1948 both countries were included in the [[Marshall Plan]] and the [[Organization for European Economic Co-operation|OEEC]] for rebuilding European economies.<ref name="Truman Doctrine">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ID4E3Lm8TsgC&pg=PA134|title=Outposts and Allies: U.S. Army Logistics in the Cold War, 1945–1953|last=Huston|first=James A.|publisher=Susquehanna University Press|year=1988|isbn=978-0-941664-84-4|page=134|access-date=3 April 2015|archive-date=28 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328152535/https://books.google.com/books?id=ID4E3Lm8TsgC&pg=PA134#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref>

The common threat posed by the [[Soviet Union]] during the [[Cold War]] led to Turkey's membership of [[NATO]] in 1952, ensuring close bilateral relations with the US. Subsequently, Turkey benefited from the United States' political, economic and diplomatic support, including in key issues such as the country's bid to join the European Union.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ziya Öniş |first1=ŞuhnazYılmaz |title=Turkey-EU-US Triangle in Perspective: Transformation or Continuity? |url=http://istanbul2004.ku.edu.tr/syilmaz/public_html/doc/03.pdf |website=istanbul2004.ku.edu.tr/ |access-date=4 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316111719/http://istanbul2004.ku.edu.tr/syilmaz/public_html/doc/03.pdf |archive-date=16 March 2014}}</ref> In the post–Cold War environment, Turkey's geostrategic importance shifted towards its proximity to the [[Middle East]], the [[Caucasus]] and the Balkans.<ref name=edoc.hu-berlin.de>{{cite book|last1=Mitrovic|first1=Marija|title=Turkish Foreign Policy towards the Balkans|url=http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/series/getmaseries/2014-10/PDF/10.pdf|via=edoc.hu-berlin.de Open access publication server of the Humboldt University|access-date=9 August 2014|publisher=Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät III, Institut für Sozialwissenschaften|date=24 March 2014|doi=10.18452/3090|archive-date=14 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814121746/http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/series/getmaseries/2014-10/PDF/10.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

The independence of the Turkic states of the Soviet Union in 1991, with which Turkey shares a common cultural, [[Turkic history|historic]] and [[Turkic languages|linguistic]] heritage, allowed Turkey to extend its economic and political relations deep into [[Central Asia]].<ref name="Bal20042">{{cite book |author=İdris Bal |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=vDzjkrTDKjYC |page=269 }} |title=Turkish Foreign Policy in Post Cold War Era |publisher=Universal-Publishers |year=2004 |isbn=978-1-58112-423-1 |page=269 |access-date=15 June 2013}}</ref> The [[International Organization of Turkic Culture]] (TURKSOY) was established in 1993, and the [[Organization of Turkic States]] (OTS) was established in 2009. The [[Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline]], a multi-billion-dollar oil and natural gas [[Pipeline transport|pipeline]] that extends from [[Baku]] in [[Azerbaijan]] to the port of [[Ceyhan]] in Turkey, forms part of Turkey's foreign policy strategy to become an energy conduit from the [[Caspian Sea]] basin to Europe. Turkey sealed its land border with Armenia in a gesture of support to Azerbaijan (a Turkic state in the Caucasus region) during the [[First Nagorno-Karabakh War|First]] (1993) and [[Second Nagorno-Karabakh War|Second]] (2020) Nagorno-Karabakh Wars, and it remains closed.<ref>{{cite book |last=Elanchenny |first=Susae |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=9chOD205h2YC }} |title=Breaking the Ice The Role of Civil Society and Media in Turkey-Armenia Relations An Evaluation of the 'Dialogue-Building between Turkey and Armenia' Project |date=2010 |publisher=Istanbul Kültür University |isbn=978-605-4233-80-9 |location=Istanbul |page=9}}</ref> Armenia and Turkey started diplomatic talks in order to normalize the relationship between the two countries. The discussions include opening the closed borders and starting trade. Turkey and Armenia have also restarted commercial flights between the two countries.<ref>{{cite web |date=March 2022 |title=Turkey, Armenia hold 2nd diplomatic talks aimed at normalization |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/diplomacy/turkey-armenia-hold-2nd-diplomatic-talks-aimed-at-normalization |access-date=22 March 2022 |publisher=Daily Sabah}}</ref>

Under the [[Justice and Development Party (Turkey)|AKP]] government (2003–), Turkey's economy has grown rapidly and the country's influence has grown in the Middle East based on a strategic depth doctrine, sometimes mistakenly called [[Neo-Ottomanism]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.carnegieendowment.org/publications/index.cfm?fa=view&id=22209 |title=Turkey's Middle East Policies: Between Neo-Ottomanism and Kemalism |last=Taspinar |first=Omer |access-date=5 June 2010 |date=September 2008 |publisher=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace |archive-date=15 September 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040915011611/http://www.carnegieendowment.org/publications/index.cfm?fa=view&id=22209 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Murinson |first=Alexander |title=Turkey's Entente with Israel and Azerbaijan: State Identity and Security in the Middle East and Caucasus (Routledge Studies in Middle Eastern Politics) |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2009 |page=119 |isbn=978-0-415-77892-3}}</ref> Debate on Turkey's foreign relations is controversial both within Turkey itself and outside the country. In the West, there is a divide between those who are worried about Turkey's perceived movement away from the West toward a less democratic, more Islamic or more pro-Russian and pro-Chinese<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/05/16/u-s-ally-turkey-may-have-a-new-best-friend-in-beijing/|title=U.S. ally Turkey may have a new best friend in Beijing|last=Taylor|first=Adam|date=16 May 2017|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=10 September 2019}}</ref> orientation and those who do not see Turkey's changing political structure, growing regional power and diversification of relations with countries such as Russia as a threat.<ref name="Kubilay Yado Arin 2013">Kubilay Yado Arin: ''The AKP's Foreign Policy, Turkey's Reorientation from the West to the East?'' Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Berlin, Berlin 2013. {{ISBN|9783865737199}}.</ref>

==Diplomatic relations==
Despite being one of the first countries to recognize Armenia's independence, Turkey has never established formal diplomatic relations with [[Armenia]]. Turkey formerly had diplomatic relations with [[Cyprus]], [[Syria]] and [[Taiwan]].

List of countries which Turkey maintains diplomatic relations with:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="3" |[[File:Diplomatic relations of Turkey.svg|frameless|425x425px]]
|-
!#
!Country
!Date
|-
|1
|{{flag|Russia}}
|{{dts|31 August 1492}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=ИСТОРИЯ СТАНОВЛЕНИЯ ДИПЛОМАТИЧЕСКИХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ МЕЖДУ ТУРЦИЕЙ И РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИЕЙ |url=https://moscow-emb.mfa.gov.tr/Mission/About |access-date=4 September 2023 |language=ru}}</ref>
|-
|2
|{{flag|Austria}}
|{{dts|1526}}<ref name="Lonnie Johnson 1989">{{cite book|author=Lonnie Johnson|title=Introducing Austria: a short history|year=1989|publisher= Ariadne Press|isbn=978-0-929497-03-7}}</ref>
|-
|3
|{{Flag|United Kingdom}}
|{{dts|23 April 1583}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bell |first=Gary M. |title=A Handlist of British Diplomatic Representatives: 1509-1688 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=1995 |pages=194, 221, 275 and 283}}</ref>
|-
|4
|{{flag|Sweden}}
|{{dts|1603}}<ref name="auto97"/>
|-
|5
|{{Flag|Netherlands}}
|{{dts|1612}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Geschiedenis van 400 jaar Nederlands-Turkse betrekkingen |url=https://isgeschiedenis.nl/nieuws/geschiedenis-van-400-jaar-nederlands-turkse-betrekkingen |website=IsGeschiedenis |access-date=14 April 2024 |language=nl |date=17 April 2012}}</ref>
|-
|6
|{{flag|United States}}
|{{dts|13 September 1831}}<ref>{{cite web|title=A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Turkey|url=https://history.state.gov/countries/turkey}}</ref>
|-
|7
|{{flag|Greece}}
|{{dts|24 August 1833}}<ref name="Greece Liberated: Ottoman Empire">{{Cite web |title=Greece Liberated: Ottoman Empire |url=https://200years.mfa.gr/en/diplomatic-consular-relations-en/ottoman-empire/ |access-date=6 November 2023 |website=Hellenic Republic Ministry of Foreign Affairs Service of Diplomatic & Historical Archives}}</ref>
|-
|8
|{{flag|Iran}}
|{{dts|1835}}<ref name="tahran-be.mfa.gov.tr">{{Cite web |title=Embassy History and Previous Ambassadors |url=https://tahran-be.mfa.gov.tr/Mission/MissionChiefHistory |access-date=28 October 2023 |website=Turkish Embassy in Tehran}}</ref>
|-
|9
|{{flag|Belgium}}
|{{dts|4 April 1838}}<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SptjAAAAcAAJ&dq=O%27Sullivan+de+Grass+(Baron),+Envoye+extraordinaire+et+Ministre+plenipotentiaire,+4+avril+1838&pg=PA14 |title=Almanach royal de Belgique Classé Et Mis En Ordre Par H. Tarlier |publisher=Librairie polytechnique |year=1845 |page=14 |language=fr}}</ref>
|-
|10
|{{flag|Portugal}}
|{{dts|20 March 1843}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Países |url=https://portaldiplomatico.mne.gov.pt/relacoesbilaterais/paises |access-date=2 July 2022 |language=pt}}</ref>
|-
|11
|{{flag|Italy}}
|{{dts|25 September 1856}}<ref name="books.google.com">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nUjwdW92WjYC&dq=1886+Annuario+diplomatico+del+Regno+d%27Italia+...+Jocteau+cav.+Alessandro,+inviato+straordinario+e+ministro+plenipotenziario+Italia+en+Svizzera+12+febbraio+1860&pg=PA59 |title=Annuario diplomatico del Regno d'Italia ... |publisher=Italia : Ministero degli affari esteri |year=1886 |pages=59 |language=it |access-date=26 October 2023}}</ref>
|-
|12
|{{flag|Guatemala}}
|{{dts|18 July 1874}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Relaciones Diplomáticas de Guatemala |url=https://www.minex.gob.gt/DirectorioPaisesRelacion.aspx |access-date=24 July 2021 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|13
|{{flag|Romania}}
|{{dts|22 October 1878}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lista statelor cu care România întreţine relaţii diplomatice |url=https://www.mae.ro/node/9879 |access-date=27 November 2023}}</ref>
|-
|14
|{{flag|Bulgaria}}
|{{dts|July 1879}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Установяване, прекъсване u възстановяване на дипломатическите отношения на България (1878-2005) |url=http://filip-nikolov.com/files/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%20%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F.doc |language=bg}}</ref>
|-
|15
|{{flag|Serbia}}
|{{dts|1879}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Bilateral cooperation|url=https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation|access-date=24 December 2021|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia}}</ref>
|-
|16
|{{flag|Switzerland}}
|{{dts|1899}}<ref name="auto21"/>
|-
|17
|{{flag|Norway}}
|{{dts|31 December 1905}}<ref>{{cite web|date=27 April 1999|title=Norges opprettelse af diplomatiske forbindelser med fremmede stater|url=https://www.regjeringen.no/globalassets/departementene/ud/vedlegg/protokoll/diplomatiske_forbindelser.pdf|access-date=18 October 2021|website=regjeringen.no|language=no}}</ref>
|-
|18
|{{flag|Afghanistan|2013}}
|{{dts|1 March 1921}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=No: 77, 28 February 2021, Press Release Regarding the 100th Anniversary of the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations Between the Republic of Turkey and the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan |url=https://www.mfa.gov.tr/no_-77_-turkiye-cumhuriyeti-ve-afganistan-islam-cumhuriyeti-arasinda-diplomatik-iliskilerin-kurulusunun-100-yildonumu-hk.en.mfa |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Türkiye}}</ref>
|-
|19
|{{flag|France}}
|{{dts|20 October 1921}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Relations between Turkey and France |url=https://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-france.en.mfa |access-date=9 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
|20
|{{Flag|Poland}}
|{{dts|23 July 1923}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Turcja-Polska. Traktat Przyjaźni. Lozanna.1923.07.23 |url=https://www.prawo.pl/akty/dz-u-1924-39-407,16777370.html |access-date=23 July 2023 |language=pl}}</ref>
|-
|21
|{{flag|Albania}}
|{{dts|15 December 1923}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 January 2023 |title=100 Years of Diplomatic Relations between Albania and Türkiye |url=https://albaniandailynews.com/news/100-years-of-diplomatic-relations-between-albania-and-turkey-1 |access-date=23 October 2023}}</ref>
|-
|22
|{{flag|Japan}}
|{{dts|6 August 1924}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 January 2024 |title=Japan-Türkiye Relations (Basic Data) |url=https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/turkey/data.html |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan |access-date=5 August 2024}}</ref>
|-
|23
|{{flag|Spain}}
|{{dts|27 September 1924}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ficha de paises y territorios |url=https://www.exteriores.gob.es/es/Comunicacion/Paginas/Ficha.aspx |access-date=13 August 2022 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|24
|{{flag|Czech Republic}}
|{{dts|11 October 1924}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Büyükelçilik |url=https://prague-emb.mfa.gov.tr/Mission/About |access-date=27 September 2023}}</ref>
|-
|25
|{{flag|Finland}}
|{{dts|9 December 1924}}<ref>{{cite web|title=The Treaty of Friendship establishing political relations between the Republic of Turkey and the Republic of Finland was signed on 9 December 1924...|url=http://helsinki.emb.mfa.gov.tr/Mission/About|access-date=April 1, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180402101520/http://helsinki.emb.mfa.gov.tr/Mission/About|archive-date=April 2, 2018}}</ref>
|-
|26
|{{flag|Denmark}}
|{{dts|26 January 1925}}<ref name="Turkey">{{cite web |title=Relations between Turkey and Denmark |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-denmark.en.mfa |accessdate=26 August 2019 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey}}</ref>
|-
|27
|{{flag|Egypt}}
|{{dts|8 May 1925}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Between East and West: Studies on Turkish Foreign Relations |publisher=Isis Press |year=2001 |pages=266}}</ref>
|-
|28
|{{flag|Chile}}
|{{dts|30 January 1926}}<ref name="chile.gob.cl">{{cite web|title=Relaciones Bilaterales Chile - Turquía|url=https://chile.gob.cl/chile/blog/turquia/relaciones-bilaterales-chile-turquia}}</ref>
|-
|29
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}
|{{dts|30 January 1926}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Disisleri Bakanligi yilligi 1964-1965. Page 289|url=http://diad.mfa.gov.tr/diad/yillik/yillik-1964-1965.pdf}}</ref>
|-
|30
|{{flag|Argentina}}
|{{dts|29 June 1926}}<ref name="Biblioteca Digital de Tratados">{{cite web|title=Biblioteca Digital de Tratados|url=https://tratados.cancilleria.gob.ar/tratado_ficha.php?id=lKSlmw==}}</ref>
|-
|31
|{{flag|Brazil}}
|{{dts|8 September 1927}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Promulga o Tratado de amizade, entre o Brasil e a Turquia, assignado em Roma á 8 de setembro de 1927|url=https://www2.camara.leg.br/legin/fed/decret/1920-1929/decreto-18406-25-setembro-1928-562582-republicacao-86784-pe.html}}</ref>
|-
|32
|{{flag|Iraq}}
|{{dts|16 January 1928}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dr. Mustafa BOSTANCI |date=2017 |title=IRAK'TA MONARŞİNİN SONU (1958 IRAK İHTİLALİ): III. İHTİLALE KADAR TÜRKİYE-IRAK İLİŞKİLERİ |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327363989 |access-date=13 September 2023 |page=251 |language=tr}}</ref>
|-
|33
|{{flag|Mexico}}
|{{dts|12 July 1928}}<ref name="gob.mx">{{cite web|title=Relaciones diplomáticas México - Turquía (Gobierno de Mexico)|url=https://www.gob.mx/epn/articulos/relaciones-diplomaticas-mexico-turquia#:~:text=Fuente%3A%20SRE-,M%C3%A9xico%20y%20Turqu%C3%ADa%20establecieron%20relaciones%20diplom%C3%A1ticas%20el%2012%20de%20julio,de%20Esmirna%2C%20Estambul%20y%20Mersin.}}</ref>
|-
|34
|{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}
|{{dts|3 August 1929}}<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web |title=Türkiye - Suudi Arabistan Siyasi İlişkileri |url=https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-suudi-arabistan-siyasi-iliskileri.tr.mfa |access-date=9 November 2023 |website=Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs |language=tr}}</ref>
|-
|35
|{{flag|Uruguay}}
|{{dts|8 December 1933}}<ref name="x.com">{{Cite web |date=8 December 2023 |title=Today we celebrate the 90th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between Türkiye and Uruguay with the determination to strengthen our cooperation! |url=https://x.com/MFATurkiye/status/1733053480003150028?s=20 |access-date=8 December 2023 |website=Turkish MFA}}</ref>
|-
|36
|{{flag|Canada}}
|{{dts|25 November 1943}}<ref name="ottawa.emb.mfa.gov.tr">{{cite web|title=Republic of Turkey Embassy in Ottawa|url=http://ottawa.emb.mfa.gov.tr/Mission/MissionChiefHistory}}</ref>
|-
|37
|{{flag|Yemen}}
|{{dts|4 March 1946}}<ref name="Bilateral Political Relations betwe">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-yemen.en.mfa |title=Bilateral Political Relations between Turkey and the Yemen|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey}}</ref>
|-
|38
|{{Flag|Lebanon}}
|{{dts|8 March 1946}}<ref name="Turkey Accepts Syria, Lebanon">{{Cite web |date=March 9, 1946 |title=Turkey Accepts Syria, Lebanon |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1946/03/09/archives/turkey-accepts-syria-lebanon.html |access-date=30 September 2023 |website=The New York Times}}</ref>
|-style="background:#D3D3D3"
|—
|{{flag|Syria}} (suspended)
|{{dts|8 March 1946}}<ref name="Turkey Accepts Syria, Lebanon"/>
|-
|39
|{{flag|Haiti}}
|{{dts|10 July 1946}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bulletin d'information (1946/7) |url=https://sip.gouvernement.lu/dam-assets/publications/bulletin/1946/BID_1946_7/BID_1946_7.pdf |access-date=26 May 2023 |website=sip.gouvernement.lu |page=11 |language=fr}}</ref>
|-
|40
|{{Flag|Luxembourg}}
|{{dts|10 July 1946}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bulletin d'information (1946/7) |url=https://sip.gouvernement.lu/dam-assets/publications/bulletin/1946/BID_1946_7/BID_1946_7.pdf |access-date=26 May 2023 |website=sip.gouvernement.lu |page=11 |language=fr}}</ref>
|-
|41
|{{flag|Hungary}}
|{{dts|23 January 1947}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Hungary |publisher=Pannonia Press |year=1969 |pages=101}}</ref>
|-
|42
|{{flag|Jordan}}
|{{dts|31 March 1947}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Robert L. Jarman |title=Political Diaries of the Arab World: 1947 |publisher=Archive Editions |year=2001 |pages=601}}</ref>
|-
|43
|{{flag|India}}
|{{dts|15 August 1947}}<ref name="auto2"/>
|-
|44
|{{flag|Pakistan}}
|{{dts|30 November 1947}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 December 2022 |title=Turkey, Pakistan celebrate the 75th anniversary of diplomatic relations |url=https://dnanews.com.pk/turkey-pakistan-celebrate-the-75th-anniversary-of-diplomatic-relations/ |access-date=8 March 2024 |website=Diplomatic News Agency Pakistan}}</ref>
|-
|45
|{{flag|Sri Lanka}}
|{{dts|4 February 1948}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 July 2017 |title=Sri Lanka and Turkey Relations: A Flourishing Partnership in Asia |url=http://www.asianpacificcenter.org/sri-lanka-turkey-relations.html |access-date=3 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
|46
|{{flag|Philippines}}
|{{dts|13 June 1949}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Treaty of Friendship between the Republic of the Philippines and the Republic of Turke |url=http://61.28.185.135/treaty/scanneddocs/573.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904011729/http://61.28.185.135/treaty/scanneddocs/573.pdf |archive-date=September 4, 2015 |access-date=December 2, 2014}}</ref>
|-
|47
|{{flag|Israel}}
|{{dts|January 1950}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=News from Turkey |publisher=Turkish Information Office |year=1950 |pages=4}}</ref>
|-
|48
|{{flag|Panama}}
|{{dts|14 April 1950}}<ref name="mire.gob.pa">{{cite web |title=VICEMINISTRA RECIBE VISITA DE LA EMBAJADORA DE TURQUÍA |date=April 2014 |url=https://mire.gob.pa/viceministra-recibe-visita-de-la-embajadora-de-turquia/}}</ref>
|-
|49
|{{flag|Bolivia}}
|{{dts|26 July 1950}}<ref name="diputados.bo">{{cite web |title=BOLIVIA Y TURQUÍA FORTALECEN RELACIÓN BILATERAL CON INTERCAMBIO DE EXPERIENCIAS LEGISLATIVAS |url=https://www.diputados.bo/prensa/noticias/bolivia-y-turqu%C3%ADa-fortalecen-relaci%C3%B3n-bilateral-con-intercambio-de-experiencias |access-date=14 February 2022 |archive-date=14 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214203815/https://www.diputados.bo/prensa/noticias/bolivia-y-turqu%C3%ADa-fortalecen-relaci%C3%B3n-bilateral-con-intercambio-de-experiencias |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|50
|{{flag|Indonesia}}
|{{dts|30 July 1950}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 July 2017 |title=Turkey, Indonesia to forge closer ties in various fields |url=https://en.antaranews.com/news/111788/turkey-indonesia-to-forge-closer-ties-in-various-fields |website=ANTARA News |access-date=2 March 2024}}</ref>
|-
|51
|{{flag|Costa Rica}}
|{{dts|21 September 1950}}<ref name="rree.go.cr">{{Cite web |date=21 September 2020 |title=Costa Rica y Turquía marcan el 70 aniversario del establecimiento de relaciones diplomáticas. |url=https://www.rree.go.cr/?sec=servicios&cat=prensa&cont=593&id=5663 |access-date=3 September 2023 |website=Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto Republica de Costa Rica |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|52
|{{flag|Dominican Republic}}
|{{Date table sorting|21 September 1950}}<ref>{{Cite news |title=Establecimiento de relaciones diplomaticas entre la República Dominicana y la República de Turquía |url=https://mirex.gob.do/tratados/establecimiento-de-relaciones-diplomaticas-entre-la-republica-dominicana-y-la-republica-de-turquia/ |access-date=5 September 2024 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|53
|{{flag|El Salvador}}
|{{dts|21 September 1950}}<ref name="aa.com.tr" />
|-
|54
|{{flag|Honduras}}
|{{dts|21 September 1950}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 August 2020 |title=Honduras recibe de manera virtual las Copias de Estilo de nueve embajadores concurrentes |url=https://sreci.gob.hn/copias-de-estilo-de-nueve-embajadores-concurrentes#:~:text=Honduras%20y%20Turqu%C3%ADa%20tienen%20relaciones%20diplom%C3%A1ticas%20desde%20el%2021%20de%20septiembre%201950.&text=El%20nuevo%20representante%20de%20Jamaica,tiene%20su%20sede%20en%20M%C3%A9xico. |access-date=26 November 2024 |website=sreci.gob.hn |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|55
|{{flag|Nicaragua}}
|{{dts|21 September 1950}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 October 2020 |title=La política de apertura de Turquía hacia América Latina en el 70º aniversario de sus relaciones |language=es |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/es/mundo/la-pol%C3%ADtica-de-apertura-de-turqu%C3%ADa-hacia-américa-latina-en-el-70º-aniversario-de-sus-relaciones/2008047 |access-date=20 March 2023}}</ref>
|-
|56
|{{flag|Venezuela}}
|{{dts|29 December 1950}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Libro amarillo correspondiente al año ...: presentado al Congreso Nacional en sus sesiones ordinarias de ... por el titular despacho |publisher=Venezuela. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores |year=2003 |pages=528–529 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|57
|{{flag|Ireland}}
|{{dts|2 October 1951}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dáil Éireann debate -Wednesday, 10 Feb 1960 Vol. 179 No. 1 Written Answers. - Irish Diplomatic Missions and Consular Offices. |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1960-02-10/72/ |access-date=19 October 2023 |website=oireachtas.ie}}</ref>
|-
|58
|{{flag|Germany}}
|{{dts|21 June 1952}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Länder |url=https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/de/service/laender |access-date=23 July 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
|-
|59
|{{flag|Cuba}}
|{{dts|25 November 1952}}<ref name="cubaminrex.cu">{{Cite web |date=19 May 2022 |title=Viceministro cubano de Relaciones Exteriores sostiene encuentro con el Canciller de Turquía |url=https://cubaminrex.cu/es/viceministro-cubano-de-relaciones-exteriores-sostiene-encuentro-con-el-canciller-de-turquia |access-date=17 October 2023 |website=Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores Republica de Cuba |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|60
|{{flag|Libya}}
|{{dts|30 December 1952}}<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://diad.mfa.gov.tr/diad/yillik/yillik-1967.pdf |title=DIŞİŞLERİ BAKANLIĞI 1967 YILLIĞI |publisher=ANKARA BASIM VE CÎLTEVÎ |year=1968 |pages=870 |language=tr |access-date=2 November 2023}}</ref>
|-
|61
|{{flag|Peru}}
|{{dts|1952}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Las relaciones diplomáticas con Turquía, establecidas en 1952 (Cancillería Perú)|url=https://twitter.com/CancilleriaPeru/status/1085686547754766336}}</ref>
|-
|62
|{{flag|Paraguay}}
|{{dts|11 September 1953}}<ref name="A un año de abrir la embajada de Tu">{{cite web|title=A un año de abrir la embajada de Turquía en Paraguay, ambos países profundizan sus relaciones|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/es/an%C3%A1lisis/a-un-a%C3%B1o-de-abrir-la-embajada-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-paraguay-ambos-pa%C3%ADses-profundizan-sus-relaciones/1651319}}</ref>
|-
|63
|{{flag|Morocco}}
|{{dts|17 April 1956}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Relations between Türkiye and Morocco |url=https://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-morocco.en.mfa |access-date=18 May 2023 |website=mfa.gov.tr}}</ref>
|-
|64
|{{flag|Tunisia}}
|{{dts|1956}}<ref>{{Cite web| url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-tunisia.en.mfa| title=Relations between Turkey and Tunisia| access-date=2020-10-20| archive-date=2020-10-26| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026105124/http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-tunisia.en.mfa| url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|65
|{{Flag|South Korea}}
|{{dts|8 March 1957}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Countries & Regions |url=https://www.mofa.go.kr/eng/nation/m_4902/list.do |access-date=24 May 2023}}</ref>
|-
|66
|{{flag|Sudan}}
|{{dts|20 July 1957}}<ref name="auto69">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-sudan.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Sudan}}</ref>
|-
|67
|{{flag|Iceland}}
|{{dts|25 November 1957}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Iceland - Establishment of Diplomatic Relations|url=https://www.government.is/ministries/ministry-for-foreign-affairs/protocol/establishment-of-diplomatic-relations/|access-date=1 August 2021|website=Government of Iceland}}</ref>
|-
|68
|{{flag|Thailand}}
|{{dts|12 May 1958}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=อื่นๆ |url=https://www.mfa.go.th/th/content-category/อื่นๆ-3 |access-date=5 July 2023 |language=th}}</ref>
|-
|69
|{{flag|Laos}}
|{{dts|20 June 1958}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Diplomatic Relations|url=http://www.mofa.gov.la/index.php/lo/2015-04-07-02-45-52/1950|access-date=30 June 2021|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Laos|archive-date=1 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601144934/http://www.mofa.gov.la/index.php/lo/2015-04-07-02-45-52/1950|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|70
|{{flag|Liberia}}
|{{dts|1 August 1958}}<ref name="ReferenceB">{{Cite book |title=Daily Report Foreign Radio Broadcasts · Issues 146-150 |publisher=United States. Foreign Broadcast Information Service |year=1958 |page=B-27}}</ref>
|-
|71
|{{flag|Myanmar}}
|{{dts|2 September 1958}}<ref>{{cite web |date= |title=Diplomatic relations |url=http://myanmarbsb.org/_site/diplomatic-relations/ |access-date=13 May 2022 |archive-date=12 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712174127/http://myanmarbsb.org/_site/diplomatic-relations/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|72
|{{Flag|Ghana}}
|{{dts|1958}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana – Turkey Relations |url=https://ghanaembassy-turkey.com/tk/ghana-turkey-relations/ |access-date=10 April 2024 |website=Embassy of the Republic of Ghana Ankara, Turkey|date=23 July 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Relations between Türkiye and Ghana |url=https://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkiye-and-ghana.en.mfa#:~:text=Diplomatic%20relations%20between%20T%C3%BCrkiye%20and,opened%20on%201st%20February%202010. |access-date=10 April 2024 |website=Repunic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}</ref>
|-
|73
|{{flag|Colombia}}
|{{dts|10 April 1959}}<ref name="turquia.embajada.gov.co">{{cite web|title=Asuntos Políticos (Embajada de Colombia en Turquia)|url=https://turquia.embajada.gov.co/colombia/asuntos_politicos}}</ref>
|-
|74
|{{flag|Ecuador}}
|{{dts|11 December 1959}}<ref>{{cite web|title=DISCURSO DEL CANCILLER JOSÉ VALENCIA, CON OCASIÓN DE LA CONMEMORACIÓN DEL 95 ANIVERSARIO DE LA PROCLAMACIÓN DE LA REPÚBLICA DE TURQUÍA|url=https://www.cancilleria.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/discurso_dia_nacional_de_turquia.pdf|access-date=14 February 2022|archive-date=14 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214203805/https://www.cancilleria.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/discurso_dia_nacional_de_turquia.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|—
|{{flag|Holy See}}
|{{dts|25 January 1960}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic relations of the Holy See |url=https://holyseemission.org/contents/mission/diplomatic-relations-of-the-holy-see.php |access-date=5 September 2022}}</ref>
|-style="background:#D3D3D3"
|—
|{{flag|Cyprus}} (suspended)
|{{dts|18 August 1960}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=News from Turkey |publisher=Turkish Information Office |year=1960 |pages=4}}</ref>
|-
|75
|{{flag|Nigeria}}
|{{dts|16 February 1961}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=DIŞİŞLERİ BAKANLIĞI 1967 YILLIĞI |url=http://diad.mfa.gov.tr/diad/yillik/yillik-1967.pdf |access-date=6 July 2023 |website=diad.mfa.gov.tr |page=866 |language=tr}}</ref>
|-
|76
|{{flag|Cameroon}}
|{{dts|11 October 1962}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Türkiye - Kamerun İlişkileri |url=https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-kamerun-siyasi-iliskileri.tr.mfa#:~:text=T%C3%BCrkiye%20%2D%20Kamerun%20%C4%B0li%C5%9Fkileri%20%2F%20T.C.,D%C4%B1%C5%9Fi%C5%9Fleri%20Bakanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1&text=Kamerun'la%20diplomatik%20ili%C5%9Fkilerimiz%2011,olan%20Lagos%20B%C3%BCy%C3%BCkel%C3%A7ili%C4%9Fimize%20akredite%20edilmi%C5%9Ftir. |access-date=26 March 2024 |website=Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs |language=tr}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Ahmet Emin Dağ |title=Afrika Konusunda Türkiye'de Artan Akademik İlgi: Üniversite Tezleri Üzerinden Bir Analiz |url=https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/2858052 |access-date=26 March 2024 |page=4 |language=tr}}</ref>
|-
|77
|{{Flag|Guinea}}
|{{dts|11 October 1962}}<ref name=":13" />
|-
|78
|{{flag|Nepal}}
|{{dts|15 November 1962}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral Relations |url=https://mofa.gov.np/foreign-policy/bilateral-relation/ |access-date=25 June 2021 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Nepal}}</ref>
|-
|79
|{{flag|Togo}}
|{{dts|6 December 1962}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=DIŞİŞLERİ BAKANLIĞI 1967 YILLIĞI |url=http://diad.mfa.gov.tr/diad/yillik/yillik-1967.pdf |access-date=6 July 2023 |website=diad.mfa.gov.tr |page=872 |language=tr}}</ref>
|-
|80
|{{Flag|Madagascar}}
|{{dts|30 January 1963}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Madagascar renouveau Issues 2-6 |publisher=Ministère de l'information, de l'animation idéologique et des relations avec les institutions, Direction de la presse et des publications, Service de production |year=1977 |pages=12 |language=fr |quote=Pays avec lesquels la République Démocratique de Madagascar entretient des relations diplomatiques ...  Turquie 30 Janvier 1963}}</ref>
|-
|81
|{{flag|Gabon}}
|{{dts|1 February 1963}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=DIŞİŞLERİ BAKANLIĞI 1967 YILLIĞI |url=http://diad.mfa.gov.tr/diad/yillik/yillik-1967.pdf |access-date=6 July 2023 |website=diad.mfa.gov.tr |page=869 |language=tr}}</ref>
|-
|82
|{{flag|Mali}}
|{{dts|17 April 1963}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=DIŞİŞLERİ BAKANLIĞI 1967 YILLIĞI |url=http://diad.mfa.gov.tr/diad/yillik/yillik-1967.pdf |access-date=6 July 2023 |website=diad.mfa.gov.tr |page=830 |language=tr}}</ref>
|-
|83
|{{flag|Algeria}}
|{{dts|30 June 1963}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Büyükelçilik Tarihi ve Önceki Büyükelçilerimiz |url=http://cezayir.be.mfa.gov.tr/Mission/MissionChiefHistory |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311121214/http://cezayir.be.mfa.gov.tr/Mission/MissionChiefHistory |archive-date=11 March 2018 |access-date=9 March 2024 |language=tr}}</ref>
|-
|84
|{{flag|Tanzania}}
|{{dts|5 July 1963}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=DIŞİŞLERİ BAKANLIĞI 1967 YILLIĞI |url=http://diad.mfa.gov.tr/diad/yillik/yillik-1967.pdf |access-date=6 July 2023 |website=diad.mfa.gov.tr |page=856 |language=tr}}</ref>
|-
|85
|{{flag|Senegal}}
|{{dts|17 October 1963}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=DIŞİŞLERİ BAKANLIĞI 1967 YILLIĞI |url=http://diad.mfa.gov.tr/diad/yillik/yillik-1967.pdf |access-date=6 July 2023 |website=diad.mfa.gov.tr |page=855 |language=tr}}</ref>
|-
|86
|{{flag|Kuwait}}
|{{dts|10 January 1964}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Chronology of Arab Politics - Volume 2, Issues 1-3 - Page 42 |publisher=Political Studies and Public Administration Department of the American University of Beirut |year=1964}}</ref>
|-
|87
|{{flag|Malaysia}}
|{{dts|17 June 1964}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Milletlerarası münasebetler Türk yıllığı |publisher=Dış Münasebetler Enstitüsü, Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi, Ankara Üniversitesi |year=1964 |volume=5 |pages=217 |language=tr}}</ref>
|-
|88
|{{flag|Ivory Coast}}
|{{dts|14 July 1964}}<ref name="ReferenceD">{{Cite book |title=Milletlerarası münasebetler Türk yıllığı, Volume 5 |publisher=Dış Münasebetler Enstitüsü, Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi, Ankara Üniversitesi, 1964 |page=223}}</ref>
|-
|89
|{{flag|Somalia}}
|{{dts|13 December 1965}}<ref name="ReferenceE">{{Cite book |title=Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts, Issues 236-240 |publisher=United States. Central Intelligence Agency |year=1965}}</ref>
|-
|90
|{{flag|Gambia}}
|{{dts|1965}}<ref name="auto146">{{Cite web |title=Relations between Turkey and Gambia |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-the-gambia.en.mfa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170419102207/http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-the-gambia.en.mfa |archive-date=19 April 2017 |access-date=27 August 2022}}</ref>
|-
|91
|{{flag|Australia}}
|{{dts|28 February 1967}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Büyükelçilik |url=https://canberra-emb.mfa.gov.tr/Mission/About |access-date=16 June 2024 |website=Republic of Türkiye Turkish Embassy in Canberra}}</ref>
|-
|92
|{{flag|Niger}}
|{{dts|30 March 1967}}<ref name="Africa Research Bulletin">{{Cite book |title=Africa Research Bulletin |publisher=Blackwell, 1967 |page=747}}</ref>
|-
|93
|{{Flag|Malta}}
|{{dts|10 October 1967}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 January 2019 |title=President of Malta, Marie-Louise Coleiro Preca, met the Vice President of the Republic of Turkey |url=https://www.gov.mt/en/Government/DOI/Press%20Releases/Press%20Photos/Pages/2019/January/24/OPR1.aspx |access-date=11 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
|94
|{{flag|Kenya}}
|{{dts|30 March 1968}}<ref name="ReferenceF">{{Cite book |title=Zeki Kuneralp and the Turkish Foreign Service |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2015 |page=410}}</ref>
|-
|95
|{{flag|Singapore}}
|{{dts|12 February 1969}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic & consular list |url=https://www.mfa.gov.sg/Overseas-Missions/-/media/D74B3129AEFA44BB8FC411746F005489.ashx |access-date=11 July 2022 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Singapore |page=}}</ref>
|-
|96
|{{flag|Cambodia}}
|{{Date table sorting|3 May 1969}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Etudes Cambodgiennes |year=1969 |pages=11 |language=fr}}</ref>
|-
|97
|{{flag|Mongolia}}
|{{dts|24 June 1969}}<ref>{{cite web |title=List of Countries Maintaining Diplomatic Relations with Mongolia |url=http://www.mfa.gov.mn/old/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/diplist-2020-draft-20200729.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928021439/http://www.mfa.gov.mn/old/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/diplist-2020-draft-20200729.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2022 |access-date=21 December 2021 |page=3}}</ref>
|-
|98
|{{flag|Malawi}}
|{{dts|4 August 1969}}<ref name="ReferenceG">{{Cite book |title=Summary of World Broadcasts: Non-Arab Africa, Issues 3118-3192 |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service |year=1969 |page=4}}</ref>
|-
|99
|{{flag|Uganda}}
|{{dts|18 September 1969}}<ref name="ReferenceH">{{Cite book |title=Africa Research Bulletin |publisher=Blackwell, 1969 |page=1537}}</ref>
|-
|100
|{{flag|Chad}}
|{{dts|27 January 1970}}<ref>{{cite web |title=No: 26, 27 Janvier 2020, Communiqué De Presse Concernant Le 50ème Anniversaire De L'établissement Des Relations Diplomatiques Entre La République De Turquie Et La République Du Tchad (l'ambassade de Turquie à Paris) |url=http://paris.emb.mfa.gov.tr/Mission/ShowAnnouncement/368113 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924184302/http://paris.emb.mfa.gov.tr/Mission/ShowAnnouncement/368113 |archive-date=24 September 2020 |access-date=12 March 2024 |language=fr}}</ref>
|-
|101
|{{flag|Burkina Faso}}
|{{dts|6 April 1970}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Middle East Economic Digest - Volume 14 |publisher=1970 |pages=479}}</ref>
|-
|102
|{{flag|Mauritania}}
|{{dts|14 April 1970}}<ref name="ReferenceI">{{Cite book |title=Middle East Economic Digest Volume 14 |publisher=1970 |pages=509}}</ref>
|-
|103
|{{flag|Sierra Leone}}
|{{dts|15 February 1971}}<ref name="ReferenceJ">{{Cite book |title=Africa Research Bulletin |publisher=Blackwell, 1971 |page=2025}}</ref>
|-
|104
|{{flag|Zambia}}
|{{dts|25 February 1971}}<ref name="ReferenceK">{{Cite book |title=List of Diplomatic, Consular, and Trade Missions and International Organisations |publisher=Zambia. Ministry of Foreign Affairs |year=1972 |page=3}}</ref>
|-
|105
|{{flag|Jamaica}}
|{{dts|30 March 1971}}<ref name="mfaft.gov.jm">{{cite web |title=Countries with which Jamaica has Established Diplomatic Relations |url=http://mfaft.gov.jm/jm/establishment-of-diplomatic-relations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308040029/http://mfaft.gov.jm/jm/establishment-of-diplomatic-relations |archive-date=8 March 2016 |access-date=17 October 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade of Jamaica}}</ref>
|-
|106
|{{flag|China}}
|{{dts|4 August 1971}}<ref name="Zhongtu">{{Cite web |title=中土关系概况 |url=https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/ce/cetur/chn/ztgx/t191491.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090714225826/https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/ce/cetur/chn/ztgx/t191491.htm |archive-date=14 July 2009 |access-date=15 December 2023 |website=www.mfa.gov.cn |language=zh}}</ref>
|-
|107
|{{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}
|{{dts|22 May 1972}}<ref name="ReferenceL">{{Cite book |title=Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts, Issues 101-110 |publisher=United States. Central Intelligence Agency |year=1972 |page=18}}</ref>
|-
|108
|{{flag|Barbados}}
|{{dts|20 September 1972}}<ref name="foreign.gov.bb">{{cite web |title=List of countries with which Barbados has established diplomatic relations |url=https://www.foreign.gov.bb/documents/foreign-policy/22-countries-with-diplomaic-relations-with-barbados/file |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813184054/https://www.foreign.gov.bb/documents/foreign-policy/22-countries-with-diplomaic-relations-with-barbados/file |archive-date=13 August 2017 |access-date=17 October 2023}}</ref>
|-
|109
|{{Flag|Qatar}}
|{{dts|20 March 1973}}<ref name="ARR: Arab Report and Record">{{Cite book |title=ARR: Arab Report and Record |publisher=Economic Features, Limited |year=1973 |pages=137}}</ref>
|-
|110
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}
|{{dts|21 March 1973}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Record of the Arab World Yearbook of Arab and Israeli Politics · Volume 1 |publisher=Research and Publishing House. |year=1973 |pages=181}}</ref>
|-
|111
|{{flag|Bahrain}}
|{{dts|12 April 1973}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral relations |url=https://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=73&language=en-US |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505195337/https://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=73&language=en-US |archive-date=5 May 2012 |access-date=15 May 2023}}</ref>
|-
|112
|{{flag|Guyana}}
|{{dts|2 May 1973}}<ref name="minfor.gov.gy">{{cite web |title=COUNTRIES WITH WHICH GUYANA HAS ESTABLISHMENT DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS (MFA GUYANA) |url=http://www.minfor.gov.gy/diplomatic-relations/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224073504/http://www.minfor.gov.gy/diplomatic-relations/ |archive-date=24 December 2019 |access-date=14 February 2022}}</ref>
|-
|113
|{{Flag|Oman}}
|{{dts|18 June 1973}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Translations on Near East and North Africa Issues 1002-1010 |publisher=Joint Publications Research Service |year=1973 |pages=37}}</ref>
|-
|114
|{{flag|Bangladesh}}
|{{dts|22 February 1974}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Büyükelçilik |url=https://dhaka-emb.mfa.gov.tr/Mission/About |access-date=18 January 2024 |website=Embassy of the Republic of Türkiye in Dhaka}}</ref>
|-
|115
|{{flag|Benin}}
|{{dts|29 March 1974}}<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OB8FAQAAIAAJ&dq=ambassador+of+Turkey+Talat+Benler+presented+his+credentials+to+President+Mathieu+Kerekou&pg=RA6-PA9 |title=Translations on Sub-Saharan Africa Issues 1450-1459 |publisher=United States. Joint Publications Research Service |year=1974 |pages=9 |access-date=8 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
|116
|{{flag|Bahamas}}
|{{dts|5 November 1974}}<ref name="ReferenceM">{{Cite book |title=Milletlerarası münasebetler Türk yıllığı, Volume 14 |publisher=Dış Münasebetler Enstitüsü, Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi, Ankara Üniversitesi, 1976 |page=150}}</ref>
|-
|117
|{{flag|Grenada}}
|{{dts|8 May 1975}}<ref name="ReferenceN">{{Cite web |title=Türkiye - Grenada Siyasi İlişkileri |url=https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-grenada-siyasi-iliskileri.tr.mfa |access-date=17 October 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey |language=tr}}</ref>
|-
|118
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|{{dts|22 October 1975}}<ref name="ReferenceO">{{Cite book |title=Summary of World Broadcasts: Non-Arab Africa, Issues 5021-5096 |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service |year=1975 |page=8}}</ref>
|-
|119
|{{flag|Fiji}}
|{{dts|17 November 1975}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Formal diplomatic relations list |url=http://www.foreignaffairs.gov.fj/images/FDR_LIST_version_of_6_June_2016.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827171052/http://www.foreignaffairs.gov.fj/images/FDR_LIST_version_of_6_June_2016.pdf |archive-date=27 August 2019 |access-date=31 March 2018}}</ref>
|-
|120
|{{Flag|Guinea-Bissau}}
|{{dts|1975}}<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.146908/page/n612/mode/1up |title=The Europa Year Book 1975 A World Survey Vol.-ii |publisher=Europa Publications Limited |year=1975 |pages=600}}</ref>
|-
|121
|{{Flag|Tonga}}
|{{dts|26 January 1976}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Relations between Turkey and Tonga |url=https://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-the-kingdom-of-tonga.en.mfa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160722071924/https://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-the-kingdom-of-tonga.en.mfa |archive-date=22 July 2016 |access-date=27 November 2021}}</ref>
|-
|122
|{{Flag|Nauru}}
|{{dts|27 April 1976}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Türkiye – Nauru Relations |url=https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-_-nauru-relations.en.mfa |access-date=26 March 2024 |website=Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}</ref>
|-
|123
|{{flag|Suriname}}
|{{dts|29 June 1976}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Lijst van Diplomatieke Betrekkingen en Visum-afschffingsovereenkomsten |url=http://www.gov.sr/media/12102008/lijst-van-diplomatieke-betrekkingen-en-visum-afschaffingsovereenkomsten.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416134520/http://www.gov.sr/media/12102008/lijst-van-diplomatieke-betrekkingen-en-visum-afschaffingsovereenkomsten.pdf |archive-date=16 April 2019}}</ref>
|-
|124
|{{flag|Mauritius}}
|{{dts|18 October 1976}}<ref name="ReferenceP">{{Cite book |title=Summary of World Broadcasts: Non-Arab Africa, Issues 5326-5361 |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service |year=1976 |page=3}}</ref>
|-
|125
|{{flag|Vietnam}}
|{{dts|7 June 1978}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 2010 |title=Asia |url=https://lamdong.gov.vn/sites/lderd/operationnotes/countriesandregions/SitePages/asia.aspx |access-date=29 April 2023 |publisher=Government of Vietnam}}</ref>
|-
|126
|{{flag|New Zealand}}
|{{dts|12 December 1978}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Turkey |url=http://www.nzlii.org/nz/other/nz_gazette/1979/6.pdf |access-date=22 November 2023 |website=The New Zealand Gazette Thursday, 25 January 1979 No. 6 |page=155}}</ref>
|-
|127
|{{flag|Solomon Islands}}
|{{dts|8 March 1979}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Relations between Turkey and Solomon Islands |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-_-solomon-islands-relations.en.mfa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160716151202/http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-_-solomon-islands-relations.en.mfa |archive-date=16 July 2016 |access-date=4 April 2021}}</ref>
|-
|128
|{{flag|Samoa}}
|{{dts|12 April 1979}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Countries with Established Diplomatic Relations with Samoa |url=http://www.mfat.gov.ws/embassies/countries-with-established-diplomatic-relations-with-samoa/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214005624/https://www.mfat.gov.ws/embassies/countries-with-established-diplomatic-relations-with-samoa/ |archive-date=14 February 2020 |access-date=19 August 2018 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade – Samoa}}</ref>
|-
|129
|{{flag|Maldives}}
|{{dts|28 May 1979}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 May 2023 |title=Countries with which the Republic of Maldives has established Diplomatic Relations |url=https://www.gov.mv/en/files/dpl-full-country-list-as-of-11-may-2023--8993.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629032804/https://www.gov.mv/en/files/dpl-full-country-list-as-of-11-may-2023--8993.pdf |archive-date=29 June 2023 |access-date=7 July 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Maldives}}</ref>
|-
|130
|{{flag|Papua New Guinea}}
|{{dts|30 May 1979}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Relations between Turkey and Papua New Guinea |url=https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-_-papua-yeni-gine-siyasi-İlişkileri.en.mfa |access-date=10 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
|131
|{{flag|Cape Verde}}
|{{dts|24 June 1979}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Sub-Saharan Africa Report - Issues 2144-2147. |publisher=Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1979. |page=11}}</ref>
|-
|132
|{{flag|Djibouti}}
|{{dts|25 June 1979}}<ref name="Vedat Uras. 1982">{{Cite book |title=The Pulse: Daily Review of the Turkish Press. |publisher=Vedat Uras. 1982. |page=3}}</ref>
|-
|133
|{{flag|Tuvalu}}
|{{dts|19 July 1979}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Relations between Türkiye and Tuvalu |url=https://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkiye-and-tuvalu.en.mfa |access-date=8 September 2023}}</ref>
|-
|134
|{{flag|Comoros}}
|22 August 1979<ref><nowiki>}}</nowiki>{{Cite book |title=The Pulse: Daily Review of the Turkish Press. |publisher=Vedat Uras. 1979. |page=4}}</ref>
|-
|135
|{{flag|Central African Republic}}
| {{dts|29 January 1980}}<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/fbis-report_prex-710fbis-ssa-80-021/page/n4/mode/1up?q=Central+African+Republic+ |title=FBIS Daily Report--Sub-Saharan Africa |date=30 January 1980 |publisher=United States Foreign Broadcast Information Service |access-date=9 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
|136
|{{flag|Rwanda}}
|{{dts|18 February 1980}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Daily Report Western Europe February-April, 1980 Vol.2 No.2 |publisher=NewsBank, inc. |page=59}}</ref>
|-
|137
|{{flag|Burundi}}
|{{dts|30 April 1980}}<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/fbis-report_prex-710fbis-weu-80-087/page/n45/mode/1up?q=establish+diplomatic+relations |title=FBIS Daily Report--Western Europe |publisher=United States Foreign Broadcast Information Service |year=1980 |pages=46 |access-date=27 December 2023}}</ref>
|-
|138
|{{Flag|Angola}}
|{{dts|9 July 1980}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic relations between Angola and Turkey as of 9 July 1980 (United Nations Digital Library) |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1627282?ln=en}}</ref>
|-
|139
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}
|{{dts|16 September 1980}}<ref name="ReferenceQ">{{Cite book |title=Summary of World Broadcasts Non-Arab Africa · Issues 6511-6563 |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service · 1980 |pages=6}}</ref>
|-
|140
|{{flag|Lesotho}}
|{{dts|1980}}<ref name="facebook.com">{{cite web |title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Relations Lesotho |url=https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=1997191540448607&id=197790643722048&__cft__[0]=AZXGhlGrRWVBA7z6UKfITwma6Lm2oQ1YZ46iRA5AE0BC43l0MYOhZowhDLyAyJMu-11n227CuvpGIPDtnOBKUeo_i-mk263BukL4Wfj22db9rmDUSb1tjfB2hmVS8qOBW0ClmytnYHcHNBb1hr83dUBnpCnrXPxrQRJPR-hitFkBoXi9PAonDZ323L6MLXh6R3I&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R |access-date=17 February 2024 |website=[[Facebook]]}}</ref>
|-
|141
|{{flag|Botswana}}
|{{dts|20 January 1981}}<ref>{{cite web |date=20 January 1981 |title=Diplomatic relations between Botswana and Turkey as of 20 Jan. 1981 (United Nations Digital Library) |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1636698?ln=en}}</ref>
|-
|142
|{{flag|Eswatini}}
|{{dts|20 January 1981}}<ref>{{Cite journal |author1=Swaziland |author2=Turkey |date=20 January 1981 |title=Diplomatic relations between Swaziland and Turkey as of 20 Jan. 1981 (United Nations Digital Library) |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1628987?ln=en |journal=United Nations Digital Library System}}</ref>
|-
|143
|{{flag|Mozambique}}
|{{dts|20 January 1981}}<ref>{{cite web |date=20 January 1981 |title=Diplomatic relations between Mozambique and Turkey as of 20 Jan. 1981 (United Nations Digital Library) |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1636699?ln=en}}</ref>
|-
|144
|{{flag|Republic of the Congo}}
|{{dts|9 November 1981}}<ref name="Le Mois en Afrique, Issues 186-193">{{Cite book |title=Le Mois en Afrique, Issues 186-193 |publisher=Le Mois en Afrique., 1981 |page=155}}</ref>
|-
|145
|{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}}
|{{dts|1981}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yüksel Söylemez büyükelçi |url=https://www.biyografi.net/kisiayrinti.asp?kisiid=2192 |access-date=10 April 2024 |website=biyografi.net |language=tr, en}}</ref>
|-
|146
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}
|{{dts|2 July 1982}}<ref name="Vedat Uras, 1982">{{Cite book |title=The Pulse: Daily Review of the Turkish Press |publisher=Vedat Uras, 1982 |page=5}}</ref>
|-
|—
|{{flag|Northern Cyprus}}
|{{dts|1983}}<ref name="mfa.gov.ct.tr">{{cite web |date=3 March 2014 |title=Cyprus Negotiation Process: Historical Background |url=https://mfa.gov.ct.tr/cyprus-negotiation-process/historical-background/}}</ref>
|-
|147
|{{flag|Brunei}}
|{{dts|27 June 1984}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral Relations |url=https://www.mfa.gov.bn/Pages/Bilateral%20Relations.aspx |access-date=10 September 2023}}</ref>
|-
|148
|{{flag|Belize}}
|{{dts|November 1987}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2018 |title=Suleyman Gokce is Turkey's new Ambassador to Belize |url=https://lovefm.com/suleyman-gokce-turkeys-new-ambassador-belize/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130060913/https://lovefm.com/suleyman-gokce-turkeys-new-ambassador-belize/ |archive-date=30 November 2021 |access-date=27 April 2022}}</ref>
|-
|149
|{{flag|Namibia}}
|{{dts|27 March 1990}}<ref name="Vedat Uras, 1990">{{Cite book |title=The Diplomatic Pulse, Issues 416-431 |publisher=Vedat Uras, 1990 |page=3}}</ref>
|-
|150
|{{flag|Lithuania}}
|{{dts|3 September 1991}}<ref>{{cite web |title=List of countries with which Lithuania has established diplomatic relations |url=https://jp.mfa.lt/default/en/list-of-countries-with-which-lithuania-has-established-diplomatic-relations |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220110123939/https://jp.mfa.lt/default/en/list-of-countries-with-which-lithuania-has-established-diplomatic-relations |archive-date=10 January 2022 |access-date=10 January 2022 |website=}}</ref>
|-
|151
|{{flag|Latvia}}
|{{dts|22 October 1991}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 July 2021 |title=Dates of establishment and renewal of diplomatic relations |url=https://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/dates-establishment-and-renewal-diplomatic-relations |access-date=5 October 2022 |website=mfa.gov.lv}}</ref>
|-
|152
|{{flag|Estonia}}
|{{dts|23 October 1991}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 January 2018 |title=Diplomaatiliste suhete (taas)kehtestamise kronoloogia |url=https://www.vm.ee/rahvusvaheline-suhtlus-uleilmne-eestlus/suhted-teiste-riikidega/diplomaatiliste-suhete |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=26 October 2022 |language=et}}</ref>
|-
|—
|{{flag|State of Palestine}}
|{{dts|19 December 1991}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Köni |first=Hasan |title=The Contribution of Turkey for Reconstruction and Development of Palestine |year=1995 |pages=18}}</ref>
|-
|153
|{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}
|{{dts|23 December 1991}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Список стран, с которыми КР установил дипломатические отношения |url=https://mfa.gov.kg/kg/osnovnoe-menyu/vneshnyaya-politika/mezhdunarodnye-dogovory/spisok-stran-s-kotorymi-ustanovleny-dipotnosheniya/spisok-stran-s-kotorymi-kr-ustanovil-diplomaticheskie-otnosheniya |access-date=10 October 2021 |language=ru}}</ref>
|-
|154
|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}
|{{dts|14 January 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Foreign policy - bilateral relations |url=https://mfa.gov.az/en/category/bilateral-relations |access-date=3 August 2022}}</ref>
|-
|155
|{{flag|Tajikistan}}
|{{dts|29 January 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=LIST OF STATES WITH WHICH THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS |url=https://mfa.tj/uploads/main/2023/04/11,04,2023,15,37.pdf |access-date=13 November 2023}}</ref>
|-
|156
|{{flag|Moldova}}
|{{dts|3 February 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral relations |url=https://mfa.gov.md/en/content/republic-afghanistan |access-date=31 July 2021 |website=MFA Moldova |archive-date=24 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624002439/https://mfa.gov.md/en/content/republic-afghanistan |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|157
|{{flag|Turkmenistan}}
|{{dts|29 February 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=STATES WITH WHICH TURKMENISTAN ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS |url=https://www.mfa.gov.tm/en/articles/55?breadcrumbs=no |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508101911/https://www.mfa.gov.tm/en/articles/55?breadcrumbs=no |archive-date=8 May 2019 |access-date=17 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
|158
|{{flag|Kazakhstan}}
|{{dts|2 March 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Страны, установившие дипломатические отношения с Республикой Казахстан |url=http://mfa.kz/ru/content-view/spisok-stran-ustanovivshikh-diplomaticheskie-otnosheniya-s-rk |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220233503/http://mfa.kz/ru/content-view/spisok-stran-ustanovivshikh-diplomaticheskie-otnosheniya-s-rk |archive-date=20 February 2020 |access-date=30 April 2022 |language=ru}}</ref>
|-
|159
|{{flag|Ukraine}}
|{{dts|3 March 1992}}<ref>{{cite web |title=European countries |url=https://mfa.gov.ua/en/about-ukraine/bilateral-cooperation/european-countries |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720122956/https://mfa.gov.ua/en/about-ukraine/bilateral-cooperation/european-countries |archive-date=20 July 2019 |accessdate=23 August 2019 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine}}</ref>
|-
|160
|{{flag|Uzbekistan}}
|{{dts|4 March 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=STATES WITH WHICH THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS |url=https://mfa.uz/en/pages/strani-kotoriye-uzbekistan-ustanovil-diplomaticheskiye-otnosheniya |access-date=15 June 2023}}</ref>
|-
|161
|{{flag|Belarus}}
|{{dts|25 March 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Political Relations |url=https://turkey.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations/political/relations/ |access-date=29 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
|162
|{{flag|Georgia}}
|{{dts|21 May 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral relations |url=https://mfa.gov.ge/MainNav/ForeignPolicy/BilateralRelations.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220619062211/https://mfa.gov.ge/MainNav/ForeignPolicy/BilateralRelations.aspx |archive-date=19 June 2022 |access-date=1 September 2022}}</ref>
|-
|163
|{{flag|Croatia}}
|{{dts|26 August 1992}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Bilateral relations - Date of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations |url=https://mvep.gov.hr/foreign-policy/bilateral-relations/date-of-recognition-and-establishment-od-diplomatic-relations/22800 |access-date=5 February 2022 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Croatia}}</ref>
|-
|164
|{{flag|North Macedonia}}
|{{dts|26 August 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral relations |url=http://www.mfa.gov.mk/default1.aspx?ItemID=310 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930040551/http://www.mfa.gov.mk/default1.aspx?ItemID=310 |archive-date=30 September 2011 |access-date=3 April 2021 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of North Macedonia}}</ref>
|-
|165
|{{Flag|Slovenia}}
|{{dts|26 August 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Đogić |first=Mojca Pristavec |date=September 2016 |title=Priznanja samostojne Slovenije |url=https://fotogalerija.dz-rs.si/datoteke/Publikacije/Zborniki_RN/2016/Priznanja_samostojne_Slovenije_.pdf |access-date=11 July 2023 |language=sl}}</ref>
|-
|166
|{{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
|{{dts|29 August 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=Datumi priznanja i uspostave diplomatskih odnosa |url=https://mvp.gov.ba/vanjska_politika_bih/bilateralni_odnosi/datumi_priznanja_i_uspostave_diplomatskih_odnosa/?id=6 |access-date=26 April 2022 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina |language=bs}}</ref>
|-
|167
|{{flag|Liechtenstein}}
|{{Dts|2 October 1992}}<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |title=Relations between Turkey and Liechtenstein |url=https://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-liechtenstein.en.mfa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605165400/https://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-liechtenstein.en.mfa |archive-date=5 June 2020 |access-date=8 September 2022}}</ref>
|-
|168
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|{{dts|12 October 1992}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Turkey and South Africa: The Development of Relations,1860–2005 Page 3 |url=https://saiia.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2008/08/saia_rep_47_turkey_2005.pdf}}</ref>
|-
|169
|{{Flag|Slovakia}}
|{{dts|1 January 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Štáty a teritóriá |url=https://www.mzv.sk/staty |access-date=26 May 2023 |language=sk}}</ref>
|-
|170
|{{flag|Eritrea}}
|{{dts|19 July 1993}}<ref name="Embassy">{{Cite web |title=Embassy |url=http://asmara.be.mfa.gov.tr/Mission/About |access-date=30 June 2023 |website=Turkish Embassy in Asmara}}</ref>
|-
|171
|{{flag|Seychelles}}
|{{dts|22 June 1995}}<ref>{{cite web |date=22 June 1995 |title=Diplomatic Relations Between Turkey and Seychelles as of 22 June 1995 (United Nations Digital Library) |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1481583?ln=en}}</ref>
|-
|172
|{{flag|Vanuatu}}
|{{dts|14 July 1995}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Summary of World Broadcasts: Asia, Pacific |publisher=BBC |year=1995 |pages=6}}</ref>
|-
|173
|{{flag|Andorra}}
|{{dts|8 October 1998}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Diplomatic relations |url=https://www.exteriors.ad/en/101-continguts-angles/diplomatic-representations/diplomatic-relations |access-date=3 July 2021 |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Andorra}}</ref>
|-
|174
|{{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}}
|{{dts|June 1999}}<ref name="caricom.org">{{Cite web |date=March 11, 2014 |title=Antigua and Barbuda to benefit from diplomatic cooperation with friendly countries |url=https://caricom.org/antigua-and-barbuda-to-benefit-from-diplomatic-cooperation-with-friendly-countries/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030232513/https://caricom.org/antigua-and-barbuda-to-benefit-from-diplomatic-cooperation-with-friendly-countries/ |archive-date=30 October 2023 |access-date=17 October 2023 |website=CARICOM}}</ref>
|-
|175
|{{flag|North Korea}}
|{{dts|27 June 2001}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=DPRK Diplomatic Relations |url=https://www.ncnk.org/sites/default/files/issue-briefs/DPRK_Diplo_Relations_August2016.pdf |access-date=14 July 2022 |publisher=NCNK |pages=8–9 |archive-date=9 October 2022 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.ncnk.org/sites/default/files/issue-briefs/DPRK_Diplo_Relations_August2016.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|176
|{{flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}
|{{dts|4 April 2002}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Diplomatic and Consular List |url=http://www.foreign.gov.vc/foreign/images/stories/DiplomaticRelations/Updated_Diplomatic_List_Revised-as_at_February_2020_1_1.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616144127/https://foreign.gov.vc/foreign/images/stories/DiplomaticRelations/Updated_Diplomatic_List_Revised-as_at_February_2020_1_1.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=17 October 2023 |page=110}}</ref>
|-
|177
|{{flag|East Timor}}
|{{dts|20 May 2002}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Relations between Turkey and East Timor |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-east-timor.en.mfa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904015937/http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-east-timor.en.mfa |archive-date=4 September 2017}}</ref>
|-
|178
|{{flag|Saint Lucia}}
|{{dts|25 May 2005}}<ref name="ReferenceR">{{Cite web |title=Türkiye - Saint Lucia Siyasi İlişkileri |url=https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-san-lucia-siyasi-iliskileri.tr.mfa |access-date=17 October 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey |language=tr}}</ref>
|-
|179
|{{Flag|San Marino}}
|{{dts|12 October 2005}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Relations between Turkey and San Marino |url=https://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-san-marino.en.mfa |access-date=2 December 2021}}</ref>
|-
|180
|{{flag|Dominica}}
|{{dts|13 April 2006}}<ref name="digitallibrary_un_org">{{cite web |date=13 April 2006 |title=Diplomatic Relations Between Dominica and Turkey as of 13 Apr. 2006 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3844024?ln=en |access-date=17 October 2023 |website=United Nations Digital Library}}</ref>
|-
|181
|{{flag|Palau}}
|{{dts|2 May 2006}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Countries with which Palau has Diplomatic Relations |url=https://www.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/migrated/oia/islands/upload/PalauDipRelations.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317135821/https://www.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/migrated/oia/islands/upload/PalauDipRelations.pdf |archive-date=17 March 2016 |access-date=4 April 2022 |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior}}</ref>
|-
|182
|{{flag|Montenegro}}
|{{dts|3 July 2006}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Tabela priznanja i uspostavljanja diplomatskih odnosa |url=https://mvp.gov.me/rubrike/bilateralni-odnosi/Tabela-priznanja-i-uspostavljanja-diplomatskih-odn |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213235103/https://mvp.gov.me/rubrike/bilateralni-odnosi/Tabela-priznanja-i-uspostavljanja-diplomatskih-odn |archive-date=13 February 2020 |access-date=16 April 2021 |publisher=Montenegro Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration}}</ref>
|-
|183
|{{flag|Federated States of Micronesia}}
|{{dts|6 December 2006}}<ref>{{cite web |title=FSM Diplomatic Relations List |url=http://www.fsmgov.org/diprel.html |access-date=13 November 2022 |publisher=Government of the Federated States of Micronesia}}</ref>
|-
|—
|{{Flag|Kosovo}}
|{{dts|18 February 2008}}<ref>{{cite book |author1=Gëzim Visoka |title=Acting Like a State: Kosovo and the Everyday Making of Statehood |date=2018 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781138285330 |location=Abingdon |pages=219–221}}</ref>
|-
|184
|{{flag|Marshall Islands}}
|{{dts|11 April 2008}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=LISTING OF ALL COUNTRIES WHICH HAVE ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH THE REPUBLIC OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS (As of 13 February 2019) |url=https://www.rmiembassyus.org/about-2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718175857/https://www.rmiembassyus.org/about-2 |archive-date=18 July 2023 |access-date=3 September 2023}}</ref>
|-
|185
|{{flag|Kiribati}}
|{{dts|20 June 2008}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 August 2008 |title=Turkey establishes diplomatic relations with Kiribati |url=https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/turkey-establishes-diplomatic-relations-with-kiribati-9766762 |access-date=7 July 2023 |language=tr}}</ref>
|-
|186
|{{flag|Monaco}}
|{{dts|16 September 2008}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Türkiye-Monako İlişkileri |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-monako-siyasi-iliskileri.tr.mfa |accessdate=11 October 2020 |language=tr}}</ref>
|-
|—
|{{flag|Cook Islands}}
|{{dts|20 October 2008}}<ref>{{cite web |author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Turkish Republic |date=2011 |title=Türkiye–Cook Adaları Siyasi İlişkileri |trans-title=Turkey-Cook Islands Political Relations |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-cook-siyasi-iliskileri.tr.mfa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218132710/http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-cook-siyasi-iliskileri.tr.mfa |archive-date=2016-02-18 |access-date=2015-10-09 |language=tr}}</ref>
|-
|187
|{{flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}
|{{dts|3 June 2010}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 June 2010 |title=St. Kitts and Nevis to benefit from regional cooperation with Turkey |url=https://www.sknvibes.com/news/newsdetails.cfm/14346 |access-date=15 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
|188
|{{flag|South Sudan}}
|{{dts|9 July 2011}}<ref name="Turkish Embassy in Juba">{{cite web |title=Turkish Embassy in Juba |url=http://juba.be.mfa.gov.tr/Mission/About}}</ref>
|-
|189
|{{flag|Bhutan}}
|{{dts|26 September 2012}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral relations |url=https://www.mfa.gov.bt/?page_id=8824 |access-date=4 May 2021 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bhutan}}</ref>
|-
|—
|{{flag|Niue}}
|{{dts|7 June 2014}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Foreign Minister Davutoğlu "In the last six years, we have taken significant steps to strengthen our relations with Pacific Island States" |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/foreign-minister-davutoglu-in-the-last-six-years-we-have-taken-significant.en.mfa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140615041055/http://www.mfa.gov.tr/foreign-minister-davutoglu-in-the-last-six-years-we-have-taken-significant.en.mfa |archive-date=2014-06-15 |access-date=2014-06-13 |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Turkey)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey]]}}"Joint Declaration concerning the establishment of diplomatic relations between Turkey and Niue, ...were signed."</ref>
|}

==Bilateral relations==
===Multilateral===
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" 
!width="15%"| Organization
!width="12%"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|--valign="top"
|{{Flag|European Union}}||<!--Start date-->
|See [[European Union–Turkey relations]] and [[Accession of Turkey to the European Union]] 
[[File:NATO Summit, Vilnius.P061598-880399.jpg|thumb|left|President of the European Commission [[Ursula von der Leyen]] and Turkish President [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] in [[Vilnius]], July 2023]]
|--valign="top"
|{{Flag|NATO}}||<!--Start date-->
| See [[Turkey in NATO]]
|}

===Africa===
There has been a revival in Turkey's relation with Africa after 1998 and civil society is the leading factor in this process.<ref>Mehmet Ozkan and Birol Akgun, "Turkey's Opening to Africa", ''The Journal of Modern African Studies'', Vol 48, No 4 (2010): 525–546, http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1085&context=mehmetozkan {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922114332/http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1085&context=mehmetozkan |date=22 September 2013 }}</ref> Initially this revival came as a passive attempt, but after 2005 it became an offensive interest in developing relations with the continent. The recent Turkey–Africa Cooperation Summit in 2008 marks the latest stage in Turkey's keen interest in developing relations with Africa, and should be seen as a turning point.<ref>Mehmet Ozkan, "What drives Turkey's Involvement in Africa?", ''Review of African Political Economy'', Vol 37, No 126 (2010): 533–540, http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1087&context=mehmetozkan{{Dead link|date=July 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Turkey since its involvement in Somalia in 2011, is eager to be considered as a political actor in the continent.<ref>Mehmet Ozkan, "A New Actor or Passer-By? The Political Economy of Turkey's Engagement with Africa", ''Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies'', Vol 14, No 1 (2012): 113–133, http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1178&context=mehmetozkan{{Dead link|date=July 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://calrev.org/2019/04/30/french-soft-power-resetting-african-relations/|title=FRANCE RESETS AFRICAN RELATIONS: A POTENTIAL LESSON FOR PRESIDENT TRUMP|last=Genin|first=Aaron|date=30 April 2019|website=The California Review|language=en-US|access-date=1 May 2019}}</ref>

====Northern Africa====

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:10%;"| Country/Region
! style="width:10%;"| Relations began
! style="width:50%;"| Notes
! style="width:10%;"| Free trade agreement
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Algeria}}|| ||See [[Algeria–Turkey relations]]
* [[Algeria]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a consulate general in [[Istanbul]].
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Algiers]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cezayir.be.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Cezayir Büyükelçiliği|website=cezayir.be.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref>
*Trade volume between the two countries was 3.17 billion USD in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 2.03/1.14 billion USD).<ref name="auto149">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-commercial-and-economic-relations-with-algeria.en.mfa |title=Turkey-Algeria Economic and Trade Relations}}</ref>
* 213,333 Algerian tourists visited Turkey in 2017.<ref name="auto149" />
*[[Yunus Emre Institute]] has a local headquarters in [[Algiers]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey%E2%80%93algeria.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey–Algeria}}</ref>
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Egypt}}||8 May 1925<ref>{{Cite book|title=Between East and West: Studies on Turkish Foreign Relations|publisher=Isis Press, 2001|page=266}}</ref>||See [[Egypt–Turkey relations]]
* [[Egypt]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a consulate general in [[Istanbul]].
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Cairo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kahire.be.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Embassy of Turkey in Cairo|website=kahire.be.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref> and a consulate general in [[Alexandria]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://iskenderiye.bk.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Turkish Consulate General in Alexandria|website=iskenderiye.bk.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref>
*Trade volume between the two countries was 5.25 billion USD in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 3.06/2.19 billion USD).<ref name="auto74">{{cite web | url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-commercial-and-economic-relations-with-egypt.en.mfa |title=Turkey-Egypt Economic and Trade Relations}}</ref>
* 100,971 Egyptian tourists visited Turkey in 2017.<ref name="auto74" />
*[[Yunus Emre Institute]] has a local headquarters in [[Cairo]] since 2010.<ref name=":4">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and Egypt|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-egypt.en.mfa|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey}}</ref>
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Libya}}||30 December 1952<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://diad.mfa.gov.tr/diad/yillik/yillik-1967.pdf |title=DIŞİŞLERİ BAKANLIĞI 1967 YILLIĞI |publisher=ANKARA BASIM VE CÎLTEVÎ |year=1968 |pages=870 |language=tr |access-date=2 November 2023}}</ref>||See [[Libya–Turkey relations]]
* [[Libya]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a consulate general in [[Istanbul]].
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://trablus.be.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Turkish Embassy In Tripoli|website=trablus.be.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref> and a consulate general in [[Misurata]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://misurata.bk.mfa.gov.tr/Mission/|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Consulate General of the Republic of Turkey in Misrata|website=misurata.bk.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref>
*Trade volume between the two countries was 1.87 billion USD in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 1.50/0.37 billion USD).<ref name="auto105">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-commercial-and-economic-relations-with-libya.en.mfa |title=Turkey-Libya Economic and Trade Relations}}</ref>
*188,312 Libyan tourists visited Turkey in 2018.<ref name="auto105" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Mauritania}}||14 April 1970<ref name="ReferenceI"/>||See [[Mauritania–Turkey relations]]
* [[Mauritania]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto76">{{cite web |title=Relations between Turkey and Mauritania |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-mauritania.en.mfa}}</ref>
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Nouakchott]].<ref name="auto76" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 245 million USD in 2019.<ref name="auto76" />
*There are direct flights from [[Istanbul]] to [[Nouakchott]].<ref name="auto76" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Morocco}}||17 April 1956<ref>{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and Morocco (MFA of Turkey)|url=https://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-morocco.en.mfa}}</ref>||See [[Morocco–Turkey relations]]
* [[Morocco]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a consulate general in [[Istanbul]].
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Rabat]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rabat.be.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Rabat Büyükelçiliği|website=rabat.be.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref>
*Trade volume between the two countries was 2.71 billion USD in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 1.99/0.72 billion USD).<ref name="auto52">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-commercial-and-economic-relations-with-morocco.en.mfa |title=Turkey-Morocco Economic and Trade Relations}}</ref>
*114,155 Moroccan tourists visited Turkey in 2017.<ref name="auto52" />
*[[Yunus Emre Institute]] has a local headquarters in [[Rabat]].
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Sudan}}||20 July 1957<ref name="auto69"/>||See [[Sudan–Turkey relations]]
*[[Sudan]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto69" />
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Khartoum]].<ref name="auto69" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 434 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 361/73 million USD).<ref name="auto69" />
*[[Yunus Emre Institute]] has a local headquarters in [[Khartoum]].
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Tunisia}}||<!--Date started-->1956<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-tunisia.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Tunisia}}</ref>||See [[Tunisia–Turkey relations]]
* [[Tunisia]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a consulate general in [[Istanbul]].
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Tunis]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tunus.be.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı T.C. Tunus Büyükelçiliği|website=tunus.be.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref>
*Trade volume between the two countries was 1.09 billion USD in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 904/182 million USD).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-commercial-and-economic-relations-with-tunisia.en.mfa |title=Turkey-Tunisia Economic and Trade Relations}}</ref>
*[[Yunus Emre Institute]] has a local headquarters in [[Tunis]].
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
|}

====Sub–Saharan Africa====
Since 2008, [[Turkey]] has prioritized friendly relations with [[Africa]] partly to build friendly and conflict–free relations, which was not available in the hostile atmosphere in its neighborhood.<ref>Akgün, B. "Turkey's opening to Africa." ''The Journal of Modern African Studies'', 48, pp. 525–546. 2010.</ref> Capitalizing on a strong sentiment of fellowship among [[Turkey|Turkish]] people towards [[Africa]]ns, economic and diplomatic relations with [[Africa]] flourished: Foreign trade between sub-Saharan Africa and Turkey increased from US$581 million<ref name=":2">Özkan, M. "Turkey's 'New' engagements in Africa and Asia: Scope, content and implications." ''Perceptions: Journal of International Affairs'', XVI(3), pp. 115–137. 2011.</ref> in 1998 to US$5.08<ref>"Afrika'ya Yatırım Atağı." ''Ekonomist'', 26(152273), pp. 17–21. 2016.</ref> billion in 2015.

Dating back to 1800, [[Turkey]]'s relations with sub-Saharan Africa flourished from the 1860s—when the [[Ottoman Empire]] started sending trained imams to the region—until 1885 when other European colonial powers blocked [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] influence.<ref>Kavas, A. ''Osmanlı-Afrika İlişkileri''. İstanbul: Tasam Yayınları. 2006.</ref> Relations were restored in the 1950s,<ref>Aydın, M. "Determinants of Turkish foreign policy: Changing patterns and conjectures during the Cold War." ''Middle Eastern Studies'', 36(1), pp. 105–121. 2000.</ref> and gained momentum when Emperor [[Haile Selassie]] visited [[Turkey]] in March 1967 and December 1969.<ref>Ataman, M. "Leadership change: Özal leadership and restructuring in Turkish foreign policy." ''Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations'', 1(1), pp. 132–151. 2002.</ref>

Since 2008, [[Turkey]] has contributed to the region through participation in peacekeeping missions, including the UN Mission in Ivory Coast (UNOC), the [[MONUSCO|Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[United Nations Mission in Liberia|Liberia]], [[United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad|Central African Republic]], [[United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad|Chad]].<ref name=":3">İpek, V. "Turkey's foreign policy implementation in Africa: A post international approach." ''New Perspectives on Turkey'', 49(Fall), pp. 121–156. 2013.</ref>

[[Turkey]] has also dramatically increased financial aid to the region,<ref name=":2" /> providing a total of US$6.38 billion to the region just between 2006 and 2011<ref>Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA). Turkey's development cooperation. Retrieved 12 February 2016, from http://www.mfa.gov.tr/ turkiyenin-kalkinma-isbirligi.tr.mfa. 2016.</ref> including the 2011 donation of US$200 million to fight the famine in East Africa.<ref name=":3" />

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:10%;"| Country/Region
! style="width:10%;"| Relations began
! style="width:50%;"| Notes
! style="width:10%;"| Free trade agreement
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Angola}}||9 July 1980<ref>{{cite web|title=Diplomatic relations between Angola and Turkey as of 9 July 1980 (United Nations Digital Library)|date = 9 July 1980|url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1627282?ln=en}}</ref>||See [[Angola–Turkey relations]]
* [[Angola]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto77">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and Angola|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-angola.en.mfa}}</ref>
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Luanda]].<ref name="auto77" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 212 million USD in 2019.<ref name="auto77" />
*There are direct flights from [[Istanbul]] to [[Luanda]] since 27 October 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.airporthaber.com/havacilik-haberleri/thyden-yeni-hat-duyurusu.html|title=THY'den yeni hat duyurusu|date=25 August 2021}}</ref>
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Benin}}||29 March 1974<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OB8FAQAAIAAJ&dq=ambassador+of+Turkey+Talat+Benler+presented+his+credentials+to+President+Mathieu+Kerekou&pg=RA6-PA9 |title=Translations on Sub-Saharan Africa Issues 1450-1459 |publisher=United States. Joint Publications Research Service |year=1974 |pages=9 |access-date=8 July 2023}}</ref>||See [[Benin–Turkey relations]]
* [[Benin]] closed its embassy in Ankara in 2021.
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Cotonou]].<ref name="auto19">{{cite web |title=Relations between Turkey and Benin |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-benin.en.mfa |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey}}</ref>
*Trade volume between the two countries was 142 million USD in 2019.<ref name="auto19" />
*There are direct flights from [[Istanbul]] to [[Cotonou]] since 2014.<ref name="auto19" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Botswana}}||20 January 1981<ref>{{cite web|title=Diplomatic relations between Botswana and Turkey as of 20 Jan. 1981 (United Nations Digital Library)|date = 20 January 1981|url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1636698?ln=en}}</ref>||
*Permanent Representation of [[Botswana]] in the UN Geneva Office is also accredited to [[Turkey]].
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Gaborone]].<ref name="auto90">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and Botswana|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-botswana.en.mfa}}</ref>
*Trade volume between the two countries was 2.9 million USD in 2019.<ref name="auto90" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Burkina Faso}}||6 April 1970<ref>{{Cite book|title=Summary of World Broadcasts: Non-Arab Africa, Issues 3343-3419|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service|year=1970|page=7}}</ref>||See [[Burkina Faso–Turkey relations]]
* [[Burkina Faso]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto27">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and Burkina Faso|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-burkina-faso.en.mfa|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey}}</ref>
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Ouagadougou]].<ref name="auto27" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 52.2 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 31.4/20.8 million USD).<ref name="auto27" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Burundi}}||30 April 1980<ref>{{Cite book|title=Almanac.|publisher=İ. Çevik. 1981.|page=43}}</ref>||See [[Burundi–Turkey relations]]
* [[Burundi]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto115">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and Burundi|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-burundi.en.mfa|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey}}</ref>
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Bujumbura]].<ref name="auto115" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 3.1 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 2.6/0.5 million USD).<ref name="auto115" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Cameroon}}||9 August 1963<ref name="ReferenceC">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e0sd7EW_O-4C&dq=Turkish+ambassador+to+Cameroon+Mustapha+Fehmi+Nuza&pg=RA7-PP2 |title=Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts Issues 157-158 |publisher=United States. Central Intelligence Agency |year=1963 |access-date=24 June 2023}}</ref>||See [[Cameroon–Turkey relations]]
* [[Cameroon]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Yaoundé]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 205 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 151/54 million USD).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-cameroon.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Cameroon}}</ref>
*There are direct flights from [[Istanbul]] to [[Yaoundé]].
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Cape Verde}}||24 June 1979<ref>{{Cite book|title=Sub-Saharan Africa Report - Issues 2144-2147.|publisher=Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1979.|page=11}}</ref>||See [[Cape Verde–Turkey relations]]
*The Turkish ambassador in [[Dakar]] to [[Senegal]] is also accredited to [[Cabo Verde]].<ref name="auto157">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and Cape Verde|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-cape-verde.en.mfa|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey}}</ref>
*Trade volume between the two countries was 9.5 million USD in 2019.<ref name="auto157" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Central African Republic}}||18 February 1980<ref>{{Cite book|title=Daily Report:Western Europe February-April, 1980 Vol.2 No.2|publisher=NewsBank, inc.|page=9}}</ref>||See [[Central African Republic–Turkey relations]]
* [[Central African Republic]] has an honorary consulate in [[Istanbul]].<ref name="auto51">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and the Central African Republic|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-the-central-african-republic.en.mfa|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey}}</ref>
*The Turkish ambassador in [[Yaoundé]] to [[Cameroon]] is also accredited to the [[Central African Republic]].<ref name="auto51" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 5.81 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 3.84/1.97 million USD).<ref name="auto51" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Chad}}||27 January 1970<ref>{{cite web|title=No: 26, 27 Janvier 2020, Communiqué De Presse Concernant Le 50ème Anniversaire De L'établissement Des Relations Diplomatiques Entre La République De Turquie Et La République Du Tchad (l'ambassade de Turquie à Paris)|url=http://paris.emb.mfa.gov.tr/Mission/ShowAnnouncement/368113}}</ref>||See [[Chad–Turkey relations]]
* [[Chad]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto53">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and Chad|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-chad.en.mfa}}</ref>
*Turkey has an embassy in [[N'Djamena]].<ref name="auto53" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 72.4 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 39.9/32.5 million USD).<ref name="auto53" />
*There are direct flights from [[Istanbul]] to [[N'Djamena]] since 12 December 2013.<ref name="auto53" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Comoros}}||22 August 1979<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Pulse: Daily Review of the Turkish Press.|publisher=Vedat Uras. 1979.|page=4}}</ref>||See Comoros–Turkey relations
*The ambassador of the [[Comoros]] in [[Cairo]] to [[Egypt]] is also accredited to Turkey.<ref name="auto116">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and the Comoros|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-the-comoros%20.en.mfa}}</ref>
*The Turkish ambassador in [[Antananarivo]] to [[Madagascar]] is also accredited to the Union of the Comoros.<ref name="auto116" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 21.1 million USD in 2019.<ref name="auto116" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Congo}}||9 November 1981<ref name="Le Mois en Afrique, Issues 186-193"/>||See [[Republic of the Congo–Turkey relations]]
* [[Republic of the Congo|Congo]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto125">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and Congo|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-congo.en.mfa}}</ref>
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Brazzaville]].<ref name="auto125" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 57.25 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 55.8/1.47 million USD).<ref name="auto125" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Côte d'Ivoire}}||14 July 1964<ref name="ReferenceD"/>||See [[Ivory Coast–Turkey relations]]
* [[Côte d'Ivoire]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto142">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and Côte d'Ivoire|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-cote.en.mfa}}</ref>
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Abidjan]].<ref name="auto142" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 409.7 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 220.9/188.8 million USD).<ref name="auto142" />
*There are direct flights from [[Istanbul]] to [[Abidjan]] since July 2012.<ref name="auto142" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of Congo}}||22 October 1975<ref name="ReferenceO"/>||See [[Democratic Republic of Congo–Turkey relations]]
* [[Democratic Republic of Congo]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto30">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and the Democratic Republic of Congo|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-the-democratic-republic-of-congo.en.mfa}}</ref>
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Kinshasa]].<ref name="auto30" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 54.7 million USD in 2019.<ref name="auto30" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Djibouti}}||25 June 1979<ref name="Vedat Uras. 1982"/>||See [[Djibouti–Turkey relations]]
* [[Djibouti]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto87">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and Djibouti|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-djibouti.en.mfa}}</ref>
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Djibouti]].<ref name="auto87" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 252 million USD in 2019.<ref name="auto87" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Eritrea}}||19 July 1993<ref name="Embassy"/>||See [[Eritrea–Turkey relations]]
*The ambassador of [[Eritrea]] in [[Doha]] to [[Qatar]] is also accredited to Turkey.<ref name="auto145">{{cite web |title=Relations between Turkey and Eritrea |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-eritrea.en.mfa}}</ref>
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Asmara]].<ref name="auto145" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 13.9 million USD in 2019.<ref name="auto145" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}||16 September 1980<ref name="ReferenceQ"/>||See [[Equatorial Guinea–Turkey relations]]
*[[Equatorial Guinea]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto33">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and Equatorial Guinea|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-equatorial-guinea.en.mfa}}</ref>
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Malabo]].<ref name="auto33" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 23.8 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 20.2/3.6 million USD).<ref name="auto33" />
*There are direct flights from [[Istanbul]] to [[Malabo]] since 7 February 2020.<ref name="auto33" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Eswatini}}||20 January 1981<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Diplomatic relations between Swaziland and Turkey as of 20 Jan. 1981 (United Nations Digital Library)| journal=United Nations Digital Library System |date = 20 January 1981|url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1628987?ln=en| author1=Swaziland | author2=Turkey }}</ref>||
*The Embassy of the [[Eswatini]] in [[Brussels]] to [[Belgium]] is also accredited to Turkey.<ref name="auto153">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and Eswatini|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-swaziland.en.mfa|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey}}</ref>
*The Turkish ambassador in [[Pretoria]] to [[South Africa]] is also accredited to [[Eswatini]].<ref name="auto153" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 309 thousand USD in 2019.<ref name="auto153" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}||30 January 1926, severed in 1936, re-established 23 December 1957<ref>{{cite web|title=Disisleri Bakanligi yilligi 1964-1965. Page 289|url=http://diad.mfa.gov.tr/diad/yillik/yillik-1964-1965.pdf}}</ref>||See [[Ethiopia–Turkey relations]]
* [[Ethiopia]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto34">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and Ethiopia|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-ethiopia.en.mfa}}</ref>
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Addis Ababa]].<ref name="auto34" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 398.8 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 378.3/27.5 million USD).<ref name="auto34" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Gabon}}||1 February 1963<ref>{{Cite web |title=DIŞİŞLERİ BAKANLIĞI 1967 YILLIĞI |url=http://diad.mfa.gov.tr/diad/yillik/yillik-1967.pdf |access-date=6 July 2023 |website=diad.mfa.gov.tr |page=869 |language=tr}}</ref>||See [[Gabon–Turkey relations]]
* [[Gabon]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto16">{{cite web |title=Relations between Turkey and Gabon |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-gabon.en.mfa}}</ref>
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Libreville]].<ref name="auto16" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 38.9 million USD in 2018.<ref name="auto16" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Gambia}}||<!--Date started-->1965<ref name="auto146"/> ||See [[Gambia–Turkey relations]]
* [[Gambia]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto146" />
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Banjul]].<ref name="auto146" />
*There are direct flights from [[Istanbul]] to [[Banjul]] since August 2018.<ref name="auto146" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Ghana}}|| ||See [[Ghana–Turkey relations]]
* [[Ghana]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto37">{{cite web |title=Relations between Turkey and Ghana |url=}}</ref>
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Accra]].<ref name="auto37" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 353.3 million USD in 2018.<ref name="auto37" />
| {{yes-no|Pending Ratification}}<ref name="auto82" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Guinea}}|| ||See [[Guinea–Turkey relations]]
* [[Guinea]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto48">{{cite web |title=Relations between Turkey and Guinea |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-guinea.en.mfa |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey}}</ref>
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Conakry]].<ref name="auto48" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 136.7 million USD in 2019.<ref name="auto48" />
*There are direct flights from [[Istanbul]] to [[Conakry]] since 30 January 2017.<ref name="auto48" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Guinea Bissau}}|| ||See [[Guinea-Bissau–Turkey relations]]
* [[Guinea Bissau]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Bissau]].
* Trade volume between the two countries was 4.95 million USD in 2019.<ref name="auto132">{{cite web |title=Relations between Turkey and Guinea Bissau |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-guinea-bissau.en.mfa |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey}}</ref>
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Kenya}}||30 March 1968<ref name="ReferenceF"/>||See [[Kenya–Turkey relations]]
* [[Kenya]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto113">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and Kenya|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-kenya.en.mfa}}</ref>
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Nairobi]].<ref name="auto113" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 234 million USD in 2019.<ref name="auto113" />
*There are direct flights from [[Istanbul]] to [[Nairobi]] since 20 February 2009.<ref name="auto113" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Lesotho}}||1980<ref name="facebook.com"/>||
*The Embassy of [[Lesotho]] in [[Rome]] is also accredited to Turkey.<ref name="auto70">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and Lesotho|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-lesotho.en.mfa|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey}}</ref>
*The Turkish ambassador in [[Pretoria]] to [[South Africa]] is also accredited to [[Lesotho]].<ref name="auto70" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 1.65 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 1.62/0.03 million USD).<ref name="auto70" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Liberia}}||1 August 1958<ref name="ReferenceB"/>||See [[Liberia–Turkey relations]]
*The Embassy of [[Liberia]] in [[Brussels]] is also accredited to Turkey.<ref name="auto64">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and Liberia|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-liberia.en.mfa|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey}}</ref>
*The Turkish ambassador in [[Accra]] to [[Ghana]] is also accredited to [[Liberia]].<ref name="auto64" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 191.9 million USD in 2019.<ref name="auto64" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Madagascar}}|| ||See [[Madagascar–Turkey relations]]
* Embassy of [[Madagascar]] in [[Rome]] to [[Italy]] is also accredited to Turkey.<ref name="auto56">{{cite web | url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-madagascar.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Madagascar}}</ref>
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Antananarivo]].<ref name="auto56" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 76.5 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 71.3/5.2 million USD).<ref name="auto56" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Mali}}||17 April 1963<ref>{{Cite web |title=DIŞİŞLERİ BAKANLIĞI 1967 YILLIĞI |url=http://diad.mfa.gov.tr/diad/yillik/yillik-1967.pdf |access-date=6 July 2023 |website=diad.mfa.gov.tr |page=830 |language=tr}}</ref>||See [[Mali–Turkey relations]]
* [[Mali]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto83">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and Mali|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-mali.en.mfa|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey}}</ref>
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Bamako]].<ref name="auto83" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 57 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 48.4/8.6 million USD).<ref name="auto83" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Malawi}}||4 August 1969<ref name="ReferenceG"/>||See [[Malawi–Turkey relations]]
*The Embassy of [[Malawi]] in [[Berlin]] to [[Germany]] is also accredited to Turkey.<ref name="auto68">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and Malawi|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-malawi.en.mfa}}</ref>
*The Turkish ambassador in [[Lusaka]] to [[Zambia]] is also accredited to [[Malawi]].<ref name="auto68" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 21 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 4.67/16.4 million USD).<ref name="auto68" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Mauritius}}||18 October 1976<ref name="ReferenceP"/>||See [[Mauritius–Turkey relations]]
*The Embassy of [[Mauritius]] in [[Berlin]] to [[Germany]] is also accredited to Turkey.<ref name="auto22">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and Mauritius|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-mauritius.en.mfa|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey}}</ref>
*The Turkish ambassador in [[Antananarivo]] to [[Madagascar]] is also accredited to [[Mauritius]].<ref name="auto22" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 76.5 million USD in 2019.<ref name="auto22" />
*There are direct flights from [[Istanbul]] to [[Mauritius]] since 15 December 2015.<ref name="auto22" />
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82">{{cite web | url=https://www.trade.gov/knowledge-product/turkey-trade-agreements |title=Turkey: Commercial Guide|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Mozambique}}||20 January 1981<ref>{{cite web|title=Diplomatic relations between Mozambique and Turkey as of 20 Jan. 1981 (United Nations Digital Library)|date = 20 January 1981|url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1636699?ln=en}}</ref>||See [[Mozambique–Turkey relations]]
*The Embassy of [[Mozambique]] in [[Rome]] to [[Italy]] is also accredited to Turkey.<ref name="auto15">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and Mozambique|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-mozambique.en.mfa|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey}}</ref>
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Maputo]].<ref name="auto15" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 153 million USD in 2019.<ref name="auto15" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Namibia}}||27 March 1990<ref name="Vedat Uras, 1990"/>||See [[Namibia–Turkey relations]]
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Windhoek]].<ref name="auto26">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and Namibia|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-namibia.en.mfa}}</ref>
*Trade volume between the two countries was 11.84 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 9.40/2.44 million USD).<ref name="auto26" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Niger}}||30 March 1967<ref name="Africa Research Bulletin"/>||See [[Niger–Turkey relations]]
* [[Niger]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto156">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and Niger|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-niger.en.mfa}}</ref>
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Niamey]].<ref name="auto156" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 72 million USD in 2019.<ref name="auto156" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Nigeria}}||16 February 1961<ref>{{Cite web |title=DIŞİŞLERİ BAKANLIĞI 1967 YILLIĞI |url=http://diad.mfa.gov.tr/diad/yillik/yillik-1967.pdf |access-date=6 July 2023 |website=diad.mfa.gov.tr |page=866 |language=tr}}</ref>||See [[Nigeria–Turkey relations]]
* [[Nigeria]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto148">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and Nigeria|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-nigeria.en.mfa}}</ref>
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Abuja]].<ref name="auto148" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 726 million USD in 2019.<ref name="auto148" />
*There are direct flights from [[Istanbul]] to [[Abuja]], [[Lagos]] and [[Port-Harcourt]].<ref name="auto148" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Rwanda}}||18 February 1980<ref>{{Cite book|title=Daily Report Western Europe February-April, 1980 Vol.2 No.2|publisher=NewsBank, inc.|page=59}}</ref>||See [[Rwanda–Turkey relations]]
* [[Rwanda]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto130">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and Rwanda|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-rwanda.en.mfa|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey}}</ref>
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Kigali]].<ref name="auto130" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 32.4 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 32.2/0.2 million USD).<ref name="auto130" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}}|| ||
*The Embassy of [[São Tomé and Príncipe]] in [[Lisbon]] is also accredited to Turkey.<ref name="auto106">{{cite web |title=Relations between Turkey and São Tomé and Príncipe |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-sao-tome-and-principe.en.mfa |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey}}</ref>
*The Turkish ambassador in [[Libreville]] to [[Gabon]] is also accredited to [[São Tomé and Príncipe]].<ref name="auto106" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 2.3 million USD in 2019.<ref name="auto106" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Senegal}}||17 October 1963<ref>{{Cite web |title=DIŞİŞLERİ BAKANLIĞI 1967 YILLIĞI |url=http://diad.mfa.gov.tr/diad/yillik/yillik-1967.pdf |access-date=6 July 2023 |website=diad.mfa.gov.tr |page=855 |language=tr}}</ref>||See [[Senegal–Turkey relations]]
* [[Senegal]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto54">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and Senegal|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-senegal.en.mfa}}</ref>
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Dakar]].<ref name="auto54" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 292 million USD in 2019.<ref name="auto54" />
*There are direct flights from [[Istanbul]] to [[Dakar]].<ref name="auto54" />
*[[Yunus Emre Institute]] has a local headquarters in [[Dakar]].
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Seychelles}}||22 June 1995<ref>{{cite web|title=Diplomatic Relations Between Turkey and Seychelles as of 22 June 1995 (United Nations Digital Library)| date=22 June 1995 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1481583?ln=en}}</ref>||See [[Seychelles–Turkey relations]]
*The Embassy of [[Seychelles]] in [[Paris]] is also accredited to Turkey.<ref name="auto101">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and Seychelles|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-seychelles.en.mfa}}</ref>
*The Turkish ambassador in [[Nairobi]] to [[Kenya]] is also accredited to the [[Seychelles]].<ref name="auto101" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 25.4 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 17.7/7.7 million USD).<ref name="auto101" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Sierra Leone}}||15 February 1971<ref name="ReferenceJ"/>||See [[Sierra Leone–Turkey relations]]
* [[Sierra Leone]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto60">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and Sierra Leone|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-sierra-leone.en.mfa}}</ref>
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Freetown]].<ref name="auto60" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 53.4 million USD in 2019.<ref name="auto60" />
*There are direct flights from [[Istanbul]] to [[Freetown]].<ref name="auto60" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Somalia}}||13 December 1965<ref name="ReferenceE"/>||See [[Somalia–Turkey relations]]
* [[Somalia]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and Somalia|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-somalia.en.mfa|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey}}</ref>
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Mogadishu]] and a consulate general in [[Hargeisa]].<ref name="auto1" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 250.8 million USD in 2019.<ref name="auto1" />
*[[Yunus Emre Institute]] has a local headquarters in [[Mogadishu]].
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|South Africa}}||12 October 1992<ref>{{cite web|title=Turkey and South Africa: The Development of Relations,1860–2005 Page 3|url=https://saiia.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2008/08/saia_rep_47_turkey_2005.pdf}}</ref>||See [[South Africa–Turkey relations]]
*[[South Africa]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto71">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and the Republic of South Africa|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-the-republic-of-south-africa.en.mfa}}</ref>
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Pretoria]].<ref name="auto71" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 1.3 billion USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 552.5/757.5 million USD).<ref name="auto71" />
*There are direct flights from [[Istanbul]] to [[Cape Town]] and [[Durban]] since 2015.<ref name="auto71" />
*3,600 Turkish citizens reside in [[South Africa]].<ref name="auto71" />
*[[Yunus Emre Institute]] has a local headquarters in [[Johannesburg]].
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|South Sudan}}||9 July 2011<ref name="Turkish Embassy in Juba"/>||See [[South Sudan–Turkey relations]]
*[[South Sudan]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto91">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and South Sudan|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-south-sudan.en.mfa}}</ref>
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Juba]].<ref name="auto91" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 3.2 million USD in 2019.<ref name="auto91" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Tanzania}}||5 July 1963<ref>{{Cite web |title=DIŞİŞLERİ BAKANLIĞI 1967 YILLIĞI |url=http://diad.mfa.gov.tr/diad/yillik/yillik-1967.pdf |access-date=6 July 2023 |website=diad.mfa.gov.tr |page=856 |language=tr}}</ref>||See [[Tanzania–Turkey relations]]
*[[Tanzania]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto31">{{cite web |title=Relations between Turkey and Tanzania |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-tanzania.en.mfa}}</ref>
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Dar es Salaam]].<ref name="auto31" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 151 million USD in 2015.<ref name="auto31" />
*There are direct flights from [[Istanbul]] to [[Dar es Salaam]] and [[Kilimanjaro International Airport|Kilimanjaro]] since 2010.<ref name="auto31" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Togo}}||6 December 1962<ref>{{Cite web |title=DIŞİŞLERİ BAKANLIĞI 1967 YILLIĞI |url=http://diad.mfa.gov.tr/diad/yillik/yillik-1967.pdf |access-date=6 July 2023 |website=diad.mfa.gov.tr |page=872 |language=tr}}</ref>||See [[Togo–Turkey relations]]
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Lomé]] (planned).<ref name="auto93">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and Togo|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-togo.en.mfa|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey}}</ref>
*Trade volume between the two countries was 106 million USD in 2019.<ref name="auto93" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Uganda}}||18 September 1969<ref name="ReferenceH"/>||See [[Turkey–Uganda relations]]
*[[Uganda]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto8">{{cite web|title=Turkey-Uganda Relations|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_uganda-relations.en.mfa}}</ref>
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Kampala]].<ref name="auto8" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 40 million USD in 2018.<ref name="auto8" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Zambia}}||25 February 1971<ref name="ReferenceK"/>||See [[Turkey–Zambia relations]]
*[[Zambia]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto107">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and Zambia|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-zambia.en.mfa}}</ref>
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Lusaka]].<ref name="auto107" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 23.7 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 17.8/5.9 million USD).<ref name="auto107" />
*There are direct flights from [[Istanbul]] to [[Lusaka]] since 14 December 2018.<ref name="auto107" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}||2 July 1982<ref name="Vedat Uras, 1982"/>||See [[Turkey–Zimbabwe relations]]
*[[Zimbabwe]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto55">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and Zimbabwe|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-zimbabwe.en.mfa|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey}}</ref>
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Harare]].<ref name="auto55" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 17.7 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 5.9/11.8 million USD).<ref name="auto55" />
|{{no|X}}
|}

===Americas===

====Southern Cone====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:10%;"| Country/Region
! style="width:10%;"| Relations began
! style="width:50%;"| Notes
! style="width:10%;"| Free trade agreement
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Argentina}}||29 June 1926<ref name="Biblioteca Digital de Tratados"/>|| See [[Argentina–Turkey relations]]
[[File:Erdoğan & Macri at the G20 2018 Summit 01.jpg|thumb|President [[Erdoğan]] with then-president [[Mauricio Macri]] in [[Buenos Aires]].]]
* [[Argentina]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Buenos Aires]].
* Both countries are members of [[G20]] and [[WTO]].
* Flights from [[Istanbul]] to [[Buenos Aires]] via [[São Paulo]] commenced in December 2013 and are taking place on a daily basis.<ref name="auto86">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-argentina.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Argentina}}</ref>
* Trade volume between the two countries was 455 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 161/294 million USD.<ref name="auto86" />
* 64,483 [[Argentina|Argentine]] tourists visited Turkey in 2019.
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{Flag|Chile}}||30 January 1926<ref name="chile.gob.cl"/>||See [[Chile–Turkey relations]]
[[File:Recep Tayyip Erdogan and Sebastián Piñera.jpg|thumb|President [[Erdoğan]] and [[Sebastián Piñera]]]]
* Chile has an embassy in [[Ankara]].
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Santiago]].
* Both countries are members of [[OECD]] and [[WTO]].
* Chile–Turkey Free Trade Agreement was signed on 14 July 2009 and is in effect since 1 March 2011.<ref name="auto61">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-the-republic-of-chile.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Chile}}</ref>
* Trade volume between the two countries was 579 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 344/236 million USD.<ref name="auto61" />
* 18,509 [[Chile]]an tourists visited Turkey in 2019.
*[[Chile]] was the first country in Latin America that recognized Turkey.
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Paraguay}}||11 September 1953<ref name="A un año de abrir la embajada de Tu"/>||See [[Paraguay–Turkey relations]]
* [[Paraguay]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto67">{{cite web | url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-paraguay.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Paraguay}}</ref>
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Asunción]].<ref name="auto67" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 82.1 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 47.1/35 million USD).<ref name="auto67" />
* 1,328 [[Paraguay]]an tourists visited Turkey in 2019.
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Uruguay}}||8 December 1933<ref name="x.com"/>||See [[Turkey–Uruguay relations]]
*[[Uruguay]] has an embassy in Ankara and a consulate-general in [[Istanbul]].<ref name="auto9">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and Uruguay|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/rrelations-between-turkey-and-uruguay.en.mfa}}</ref>
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Montevideo]].<ref name="auto9" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 341.4 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 42.8/298.6 million USD).<ref name="auto9" />
* 7,191 [[Uruguay]]an tourists visited Turkey in 2019.
|{{no|X}}
|}

====North America====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:10%;"| Country
! style="width:10%;"| Relations began
! style="width:50%;"| Notes
! style="width:10%;"| Free trade agreement
|- valign="top"
|{{Flag|Canada}}||25 November 1943<ref name="ottawa.emb.mfa.gov.tr"/>||See [[Canada–Turkey relations]]
* Canada has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a consulate general in [[Istanbul]].
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Ottawa]] and Consulates General in [[Montreal]], [[Toronto]] and [[Vancouver]].
*Both countries are members of [[OECD]], [[G20]], [[NATO]] and [[WTO]].
*There are direct flights from [[Istanbul]]  to [[Toronto]], [[Montreal]] and [[Vancouver]] (starting in December 2020).<ref name="auto118">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and Canada|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-canada.en.mfa}}</ref>
*Trade volume between the two countries was 2.46 billion USD in 2019.<ref name="auto118" />
*139,164 [[Canada|Canadian]] tourists visited Turkey in 2019.
*Around 65,000 people of Turkish origin live in Canada.<ref name="auto118" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{Flag|Mexico}}||12 July 1928<ref name="gob.mx"/>||See [[Mexico–Turkey relations]]
[[File:Visita de Estado del señor Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Presidente de la República de Turquía. (16328684579).jpg|thumb|President [[Erdoğan]] visiting [[Mexico]] with former [[Mexican President]] [[Enrique Peña Nieto]]]]
* Mexico has an embassy in [[Ankara]]<ref>[https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/turquia/ Embassy of Mexico in Ankara]</ref> and a consulate in [[Istanbul]].<ref>[https://consulmex.sre.gob.mx/estambul/ Consulate of Mexico in Istanbul]</ref>
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Mexico City]].<ref>[http://mexico.emb.mfa.gov.tr/Mission Embassy of Turkey in Mexico City (in Spanish and Turkish)]</ref>
*Both countries are members of [[OECD]], [[G20]] and [[WTO]].
*Flights from [[Istanbul]] to [[Mexico City]] and [[Cancún]] were launched in August 2019.<ref name="auto109">{{cite web | url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-mexico.en.mfa| title=Relations between Turkey and Mexico}}</ref>
*Trade volume between the two countries was 1.3 billion USD USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 602/678 million USD).<ref name="auto109" />
*66,557 [[Mexico|Mexican]] tourists visited Turkey in 2019.
*[[Yunus Emre Institute]] has a local headquarters in [[Mexico City]].
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|United States}}||13 September 1831, relations broke off 20 April 1917, re-established 17 February 1927<ref>{{cite web|title=A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Turkey|url=https://history.state.gov/countries/turkey}}</ref>||See [[Turkey–United States relations]]
[[File:President Trump and the First Lady Visit with the President of Turkey and Mrs. Emine Erdogan (49061400831).jpg|thumb|Presidents [[Erdoğan]] and [[Donald Trump|Trump]] with the First Ladies.]]
* United States has an embassy in [[Ankara]], a consulate general in [[Istanbul]] and a Consulate in [[Adana]].
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Washington, D.C.]] and Consulates General in [[Boston]], [[Chicago]], [[Houston]], [[Los Angeles]], [[Miami]] and [[New York City]].
*Both countries are members of [[OECD]], [[G20]], [[NATO]] and [[WTO]].
*There are direct flights from [[Istanbul]]  to [[Atlanta]], [[Boston]], [[Chicago]], [[Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport|Dallas]], [[Houston]], [[Los Angeles]], [[Miami]], [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]], [[San Francisco]], [[Seattle]] (starts 9 March 2022) and [[Washington, D.C.]]
* 578,074 [[United States|American]] tourists visited Turkey in 2019.
*[[Yunus Emre Institute]] has a local headquarters in [[Washington, D.C.]]
*Following its [[NATO]] membership in 1952 and subsequent hosting of the [[United States Air Force]] in [[Incirlik Air Base]], Turkey became the bulwark of [[NATO]]'s southeastern flank, the directly bordering [[Warsaw Pact]] countries. Turkey participated with the United States during the [[Korean War]] of the early 1950s and the [[Gulf War]] of 1990.
|{{no|X}}
|}

====Caribbean====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:10%;"| Country/Region
! style="width:10%;"| Relations began
! style="width:50%;"| Notes
! style="width:10%;"| Free trade agreement
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}}||June 1999<ref name="caricom.org"/>||
*The Turkish ambassador in [[Santo Domingo]] to the [[Dominican Republic]] is also accredited to [[Antigua and Barbuda]].<ref name="auto24">{{cite web |title=Relations between Turkey and Antigua and Barbuda |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-antigua-and-barbuda.en.mfa |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey}}</ref>
*Trade volume between the two countries was 12.5 million USD in 2019.<ref name="auto24" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Bahamas}}||5 November 1974<ref name="ReferenceM"/>||See [[Bahamas–Turkey relations]]
*The Turkish ambassador in [[Havana]] to [[Cuba]] is also accredited to [[the Commonwealth of the Bahamas]].<ref name="auto39">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and the Commonwealth of Bahamas|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-the-commonwealth-of-the-bahamas.en.mfa|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey}}</ref>
*Trade volume between the two countries was 86.1 million USD in 2019.<ref name="auto39" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Barbados}}||20 September 1972<ref name="foreign.gov.bb"/>||
*The Turkish ambassador in [[Port of Spain]] to [[Trinidad and Tobago]] is also accredited to [[Barbados]].<ref name="auto20">{{cite web | url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-barbados.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Barbados}}</ref>
*Trade volume between the two countries was 8.5 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 8.45/0.05 million USD).<ref name="auto20" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Cuba}}||25 November 1952<ref name="cubaminrex.cu"/>||See [[Cuba–Turkey relations]]
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Havana]].<ref name="auto43">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-republic-of-cuba.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and the Republic of Cuba}}</ref>
*Trade volume between the two countries was 54.7 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 42.9/11.8 million USD).<ref name="auto43" />
* The [[Ottoman Empire]] Embassy to [[Cuba]] opened in 1873.<ref name="kutlu">Kutlu, M. N. ''Osmanlı İmparatorluğu-Latin Amerika'' (Başlangıç Dönemi). Ankara: LAMER Yayınları. 2012</ref>
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Dominica}}||13 April 2006<ref name="digitallibrary_un_org" />||
*The Turkish ambassador in [[Santo Domingo]] to the [[Dominican Republic]] is also accredited to [[Dominica]].<ref name="auto110">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and Dominica|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-dominica.en.mfa|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey}}</ref>
*Trade volume between the two countries was 1.6 million USD in 2019.<ref name="auto110" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Dominican Republic}}||28 November 1951<ref>{{cite web |title=República Dominicana y Turquía establecieron Relaciones Diplomáticas el 28 de noviembre del año 1951 |url=https://twitter.com/MIREXRD/status/1294461439181193216 |access-date=17 October 2023 |website=Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores R.Dominicana |language=es}}</ref>||See [[Dominican Republic–Turkey relations]]
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Santo Domingo]].<ref name="auto36">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and Dominican Republic|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-dominican-republic.en.mfa|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey}}</ref>
*Trade volume between the two countries was 132.7 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 118.6/14.1 million USD).<ref name="auto36" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Grenada}}||8 May 1975<ref name="ReferenceN"/>||
*The Turkish ambassador in [[Port of Spain]] to [[Trinidad and Tobago]] is also accredited to [[Grenada]].<ref name="auto40">{{cite web |title=Relations between Turkey and Grenada |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-grenada.en.mfa |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey}}</ref>
*Trade volume between the two countries was 910 thousand USD in 2019.<ref name="auto40" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Haiti}}||1950<ref name="auto18">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-haiti.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Haiti|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey}}</ref>||See [[Haiti–Turkey relations]]
*The Turkish ambassador in [[Santo Domingo]] to the [[Dominican Republic]] is also accredited to [[Haiti]].<ref name="auto18" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 129.7 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 128.9/0.8 million USD).<ref name="auto18" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Jamaica}}||30 March 1971<ref name="mfaft.gov.jm"/>||See Jamaica–Turkey relations
*The Turkish ambassador in [[Havana]] to [[Cuba]] is also accredited to [[Jamaica]].<ref name="auto41">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-jamaica.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Jamaica}}</ref>
*Trade volume between the two countries was 90.5 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 90/0.5 million USD).<ref name="auto41" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|St. Kitts and Nevis}}|| ||
*The Turkish ambassador in [[Santo Domingo]] to the [[Dominican Republic]] is also accredited to [[St. Kitts and Nevis]].<ref name="auto121">{{cite web |title=Relations between Turkey and St. Kitts and Nevis |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-san-kitts.en.mfa |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey}}</ref>
*Trade volume between the two countries was 5.9 million USD in 2019.<ref name="auto121" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|St. Lucia}}||25 May 2005<ref name="ReferenceR"/>||
*The Turkish ambassador in [[Port of Spain]] to [[Trinidad and Tobago]] is also accredited to [[St. Lucia]].<ref name="auto49">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-san-lucia.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and St. Lucia}}</ref>
*Trade volume between the two countries was 3 million USD in 2019.<ref name="auto49" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|St. Vincent and Grenadines}}||4 April 2002<ref>{{cite web |title=Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Diplomatic and Consular List |url=http://www.foreign.gov.vc/foreign/images/stories/DiplomaticRelations/Updated_Diplomatic_List_Revised-as_at_February_2020_1_1.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616144127/https://foreign.gov.vc/foreign/images/stories/DiplomaticRelations/Updated_Diplomatic_List_Revised-as_at_February_2020_1_1.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=17 October 2023 |page=110}}</ref>||See [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines–Turkey relations]]
*The Turkish ambassador in [[Port of Spain]] to [[Trinidad and Tobago]] is also accredited to [[St. Vincent and Grenadines]].<ref name="auto131">{{cite web|title=Relations Between Turkey and St. Vincent and Grenadines|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-san-vincet-grenadines.en.mfa|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey}}</ref>
*Trade volume between the two countries was 11.3 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 4.8/6.5 million USD).<ref name="auto131" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}||22 May 1972<ref name="ReferenceL"/>||See [[Trinidad and Tobago–Turkey relations]]
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Port of Spain]].<ref name="auto">{{cite web | url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-trinidad-and-tobago.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Trinidad and Tobago}}</ref>
*Trade volume between the two countries was 120.8 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 68.4/52.4 million USD).<ref name="auto" />
|{{no|X}}
|}

====Central America====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:10%;"| Country/Region
! style="width:10%;"| Relations began
! style="width:50%;"| Notes
! style="width:10%;"| Free trade agreement
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Belize}}||November 1987<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 12, 2018 |title=Suleyman Gokce is Turkey's new Ambassador to Belize |url=https://lovefm.com/suleyman-gokce-turkeys-new-ambassador-belize/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130060913/https://lovefm.com/suleyman-gokce-turkeys-new-ambassador-belize/ |archive-date=30 November 2021 |access-date=17 October 2023}}</ref>||See Belize–Turkey relations
*The Turkish ambassador in [[Port of Spain]] to [[Trinidad and Tobago]] is also accredited to [[Belize]].<ref name="auto124">{{cite web |title=Relations between Turkey and Belize |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-belize.en.mfa}}</ref>
*Trade volume between the two countries was 13.7 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 10.1/3.6 million USD).<ref name="auto124" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Costa Rica}}||21 September 1950<ref name="rree.go.cr"/>||See [[Costa Rica–Turkey relations]]
* [[Costa Rica]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto58">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-costa-rica.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Costa Rica}}</ref>
*Turkey has an embassy in [[San José, Costa Rica|San Jose]].<ref name="auto58" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 100 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 58.9/41.8 million USD).<ref name="auto58" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|El Salvador}}||21 September 1950<ref name="aa.com.tr">{{cite web|title=La política de apertura de Turquía hacia América Latina en el 70º aniversario de sus relaciones|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/es/mundo/la-pol%C3%ADtica-de-apertura-de-turqu%C3%ADa-hacia-am%C3%A9rica-latina-en-el-70%C2%BA-aniversario-de-sus-relaciones/2008047}}</ref>||
* El Salvador has an embassy in Ankara.
* Turkey has an embassy in [[San Salvador]].
* Trade volume between the two countries was 17.1 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 14.8/2.3 million USD).<ref name="auto12">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-elsalvador.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and El Salvador}}</ref>
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Guatemala}}||1952<ref>{{cite web|title=Disisleri Bakanligi yilligi 1964-1965. Page 312|url=http://diad.mfa.gov.tr/diad/yillik/yillik-1964-1965.pdf}}</ref>||See [[Guatemala–Turkey relations]]
* [[Guatemala]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and an honorary consulate in [[Istanbul]].<ref name="auto81">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-guatemala.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Guatemala}}</ref>
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Guatemala City]].<ref name="auto81" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 63.5 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 53.5/10 million USD).<ref name="auto81" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Honduras}}||4 April 1950<ref name="Memoria">{{Cite book |title=Memoria ... |publisher=Honduras Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Gobernación |year=1951 |page=96}}</ref>||
*The Turkish ambassador in [[Guatemala City]] to [[Guatemala]] is also accredited to [[Honduras]].<ref name="auto84">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-honduras.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Honduras}}</ref>
*Trade volume between the two countries was 19.8 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 15/4.8 million USD).<ref name="auto84" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Nicaragua}}||21 September 1950<ref name="aa.com.tr" />||See [[Nicaragua–Turkey relations]]
*The Turkish ambassador in [[San José, Costa Rica|San José]] to [[Costa Rica]] is also accredited to [[Nicaragua]].<ref name="auto28">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and Nicaragua|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-nicaragua.en.mfa}}</ref>
*Nicaraguan Embassy in [[Berlin]] to [[Germany]] is also accredited to Turkey.<ref name="auto28" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 11.6 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 11.1/0.5 million USD).<ref name="auto28" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Panama}}||14 April 1950<ref name="mire.gob.pa"/>||See [[Panama–Turkey relations]]
* [[Panama]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto79">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and Panama|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-panama.en.mfa}}</ref>
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Panama]].<ref name="auto79" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 260.9 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 248.8/12.1 million USD).<ref name="auto79" />
|{{no|X}}
|}

====Latin America, rest of====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:10%;"| Country/Region
! style="width:10%;"| Relations began
! style="width:50%;"| Notes
! style="width:10%;"| Free trade agreement
|- valign="top"
|{{Flag|Bolivia}}||26 July 1950<ref name="diputados.bo"/>||See [[Bolivia–Turkey relations]]
*Turkey has an embassy in [[La Paz]].<ref name="auto10">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-bolivia.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Bolivia}}</ref>
*Trade volume between the two countries was 130 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 22/108 million USD).<ref name="auto10" />
* 2,491 [[Bolivia]]n tourists visited Turkey in 2019.
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{Flag|Brazil}}||8 September 1927<ref>{{cite web|title=Promulga o Tratado de amizade, entre o Brasil e a Turquia, assignado em Roma á 8 de setembro de 1927|url=https://www2.camara.leg.br/legin/fed/decret/1920-1929/decreto-18406-25-setembro-1928-562582-republicacao-86784-pe.html}}</ref>||See [[Brazil–Turkey relations]]
[[File:Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva & Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan in Brasilia, 27 May 2010 (5).jpg|thumb|Prime Minister [[Erdoğan]] meets with President [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]].]]
*Brazil has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a consulate general in [[Istanbul]].<ref name="auto103">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-brazil.en.mfa| title=Relations between Turkey and Brazil}}</ref>
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Brasília]] and a consulate general in [[São Paulo]].<ref name="auto103" />
*Both countries are members of [[G20]] and [[WTO]].
*There are daily direct flights from [[Istanbul]] to [[São Paulo]].<ref name="auto103" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 3.1 billion USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 0.48/2.6 billion USD).<ref name="auto103" />
* 101,164 [[Brazil]]ian tourists visited Turkey in 2019.
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{Flag|Colombia}}||10 April 1959<ref name="turquia.embajada.gov.co"/>||See [[Colombia–Turkey relations]]
* Colombia has an embassy in [[Ankara]].
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Bogotá]].
* Both countries are members of [[OECD]] and [[WTO]].
* Flights from [[Istanbul]] to [[Bogotá]] commenced in May 2016.
* Trade volume between the two countries was 1.7 billion USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 0.25/1.46 billion USD).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-colombia.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Colombia}}</ref>
* 70,974 [[Colombia]]n tourists visited Turkey in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oner |first=Imdat |title=Turkey's Ambitious Overture to Latin America |url=https://www.institude.org/opinion/turkeys-ambitious-overture-to-latin-america |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=www.institude.org}}</ref>
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{Flag|Ecuador}}||11 December 1959<ref>{{cite web|title=DISCURSO DEL CANCILLER JOSÉ VALENCIA, CON OCASIÓN DE LA CONMEMORACIÓN DEL 95 ANIVERSARIO DE LA PROCLAMACIÓN DE LA REPÚBLICA DE TURQUÍA|url=https://www.cancilleria.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/discurso_dia_nacional_de_turquia.pdf|access-date=14 February 2022|archive-date=14 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214203805/https://www.cancilleria.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/discurso_dia_nacional_de_turquia.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Embajador turco presenta cartas credenciales a Patiño|date=9 February 2012 |url=https://www.eltelegrafo.com.ec/noticias/informacion/1/embajador-turco-presenta-cartas-credenciales-a-patino}}</ref>||See [[Ecuador–Turkey relations]]
* Ecuador has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a consulate general in [[Istanbul]].
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Quito]] and a consulate general in [[Guayaquil]].
* Trade volume between the two countries was 117 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 59/58 million USD).<ref name="auto158">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and Ecuador|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-ecuador.en.mfa}}</ref>
*  8,416 [[Ecuador]]ian tourists visited Turkey in 2019.
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{Flag|Guyana}}||2 May 1973<ref name="minfor.gov.gy"/>||
*The Turkish ambassador in [[Port of Spain]] to [[Trinidad and Tobago]] is also accredited to [[Guyana]].<ref name="auto104">{{cite web | url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-guyana.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Guyana}}</ref>
*Trade volume between the two countries was 29.6 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 28.6/1 million USD).<ref name="auto104" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{Flag|Peru}}||1952<ref>{{cite web|title=Las relaciones diplomáticas con Turquía, establecidas en 1952 (Cancillería Perú)|url=https://twitter.com/CancilleriaPeru/status/1085686547754766336}}</ref>||See [[Peru–Turkey relations]]
* [[Peru]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a consulate general in [[Istanbul]].<ref name="auto75">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and Peru|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-peru.en.mfa}}</ref>
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Lima]].<ref name="auto75" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 250 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 177.4/72.6 million USD).<ref name="auto75" />
* 11,430 [[Peru]]vian tourists visited Turkey in 2019.
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{Flag|Suriname}}||29 June 1976<ref>{{cite web |title=Lijst van Diplomatieke Betrekkingen en Visum-afschffingsovereenkomsten |url=http://www.gov.sr/media/12102008/lijst-van-diplomatieke-betrekkingen-en-visum-afschaffingsovereenkomsten.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416134520/http://www.gov.sr/media/12102008/lijst-van-diplomatieke-betrekkingen-en-visum-afschaffingsovereenkomsten.pdf |archive-date=16 April 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref>||See [[Suriname–Turkey relations]]
*The Turkish ambassador in [[Port of Spain]] to [[Trinidad and Tobago]] is also accredited to [[Suriname]].<ref name="auto46">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and Suriname|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/rrelations-between-turkey-and-suriname.en.mfa}}</ref>
*Trade volume between the two countries was 18.2 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 18.1/0.1 million USD).<ref name="auto46" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{Flag|Venezuela}}||29 December 1950{{citation needed|date=September 2023}}||See [[Turkey–Venezuela relations]]
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Caracas]] and an honorary consulate in [[Maracaibo]].<ref name="auto78">{{cite web | url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-venezuela.en.mfa| title=Relations between Turkey and Venezuela}}</ref>
* Venezuela has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a consulate general in [[Istanbul]].
* Trade volume between the two countries was 150 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 130/20 million USD).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oner |first=Imdat |title=Turkey and Venezuela: An Alliance of Convenience {{!}} Wilson Center |url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/turkey-and-venezuela-alliance-convenience |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=www.wilsoncenter.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="auto78" />
|{{no|X}}
|}

===Asia and Oceania===

====Turkic states====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:10%;"| Country/Region
! style="width:10%;"| Relations began
! style="width:50%;"| Notes
! style="width:10%;"| Free trade agreement
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}||<!--Date started-->14 Jan. 1992<ref name="auto5">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-azerbaijan.en.mfa| title=Relations between Turkey and Azerbaijan|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>||See [[Azerbaijan–Turkey relations]]
* [[Azerbaijan]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and Consulates General in [[Istanbul]] and [[Kars]] and Consular Mission in [[Iğdır]].<ref name="auto5" />
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Baku]] and Consulates General in [[Nakhchivan (city)|Nakhchivan]] and [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]].<ref name="auto5" />
*Both countries are members of [[Asia Cooperation Dialogue]], [[Council of Europe]], [[Economic Cooperation Organization]], [[International Organization of Turkic Culture]], [[OIC]], [[TAKM]], [[Turkic Council]], [[TURKPA]], [[Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation]] and [[OSCE]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 4.18 billion USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 1.63/2.55 billion USD).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/economic-relations-between-turkey-and-azerbaijan.en.mfa |title=Economic Relations between Turkey and Azerbaijan|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
* 901,723 [[Azerbaijan|Azeri]] tourists visited Turkey in 2019.
*Azerbaijan-Turkey relations have been described as "one nation with two states" due to a common culture and the [[mutual intelligibility]] of [[Turkish language|Turkish]] and [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]].
*Turkey became the first state to recognize the Republic of Azerbaijan in November 1991.<ref name="auto5" />
*[[Yunus Emre Institute]] has a local branch in [[Baku]].
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Kazakhstan}}||<!--Date started-->2 March 1992<ref name="auto38">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-kazakhstan.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Kazakhstan|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>||See [[Kazakhstan–Turkey relations]]
* [[Kazakhstan]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a consulate general in [[Istanbul]].
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Nur-Sultan]] and a consulate general in [[Almaty]].
*Both countries are members of [[Asia Cooperation Dialogue]], [[Economic Cooperation Organization]], [[International Organization of Turkic Culture]], [[OIC]], [[TAKM]], [[Turkic Council]], [[TURKPA]], [[OSCE]] and [[WTO]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 3.9 billion USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 0.9/3 billion USD).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/economic-relations-between-turkey-and-republic-of-kazakhstan.en.mfa |title=Economic Relations between Turkey and Kazakhstan|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
* 455,724 [[Kazakhstan|Kazakh]] tourists visited Turkey in 2019.
*Turkey became the first state to recognize the Republic of Kazakhstan.<ref name="auto38" />
*[[Yunus Emre Institute]] has a local branch in [[Nur-Sultan]].
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}||<!--Date started-->29 Jan. 1992<ref name="auto122">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-kyrgyzstan.en.mfa| title=Relations between Turkey and Kyrgyzstan|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>||See [[Kyrgyzstan–Turkey relations]]
* [[Kyrgyzstan]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto122" />
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Bishkek]].<ref name="auto122" />
*Both countries are members of [[Asia Cooperation Dialogue]], [[Economic Cooperation Organization]], [[International Organization of Turkic Culture]], [[OIC]], [[TAKM]], [[Turkic Council]], [[TURKPA]], [[OSCE]] and [[WTO]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 519 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 442/77 million USD).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/economic-relations-between-turkey-and-kyrgyzstan.en.mfa| title=Economic Relations between Turkey and Kyrgyzstan|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
* 121,364 [[Kyrgyzstan|Kyrgyz]] tourists visited Turkey in 2019.
*Turkey became the first state to recognize the Republic of [[Kyrgyzstan]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-iran-relations.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Kyrgyzstan|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Turkmenistan}}||<!--Date started-->29 Feb. 1992<ref name="auto65">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-turkmenistan.en.mfa| title=Relations between Turkey and Turkmenistan|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>||See [[Turkey–Turkmenistan relations]]
* [[Turkmenistan]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Ashgabat]].
*Both countries are members of [[Economic Cooperation Organization]], [[International Organization of Turkic Culture]] and [[OIC]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 1.35 billion USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 745/601 million USD).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/economic-relations-between-turkey-and-turkmenistan.en.mfa |title=Economic Relations between Turkey and Turkmenistan|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
* 297,706 [[Turkmenistan|Turkmen]] tourists visited Turkey in 2019.
*Turkey became the first state to recognize the Republic of Turkmenistan on 27 October 1991.<ref name="auto65" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Uzbekistan}}||<!--Date started-->4 March 1992<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-uzbekistan%20.en.mfa| title=Relations between Turkey and Uzbekistan|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>||See [[Turkey–Uzbekistan relations]]
* [[Uzbekistan]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a consulate general in [[Istanbul]]
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Tashkent]].
*Both countries are members of [[Asia Cooperation Dialogue]], [[Economic Cooperation Organization]], [[International Organization of Turkic Culture]], [[OIC]], [[TAKM]], [[Turkic Council]], [[TURKPA]], [[OSCE]] and [[WTO]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 2.3 billion USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 1.23/1.14 billion USD).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/economic-relations-between-turkey-and-uzbekistan.en.mfa |title=Economic Relations between Turkey and Uzbekistan|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
*252,138 [[Uzbekistan|Uzbek]] tourists visited Turkey in 2019.
|{{no|X}}
|}

====Asia-Pacific====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:10%;"| Country/Region
! style="width:10%;"| Relations began
! style="width:50%;"| Notes
! style="width:10%;"| Free trade agreement
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Afghanistan}}||1 March 1921<ref>{{Cite web |title=No: 77, 28 February 2021, Press Release Regarding the 100th Anniversary of the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations Between the Republic of Turkey and the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan |url=https://www.mfa.gov.tr/no_-77_-turkiye-cumhuriyeti-ve-afganistan-islam-cumhuriyeti-arasinda-diplomatik-iliskilerin-kurulusunun-100-yildonumu-hk.en.mfa |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Türkiye}}</ref>||See [[Afghanistan–Turkey relations]]
*[[Afghanistan]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a consulate general in [[Istanbul]].
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Kabul]] and Consulates General in [[Kandahar]] and [[Mazar-e Sharif]].
*Both countries are members of [[Asia Cooperation Dialogue]], [[Economic Cooperation Organization]], [[OIC]] and [[WTO]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 180 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 24/156 million USD).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-commercial-and-economic-relations-with-afghanistan.en.mfa |title=Turkey-Afghanistan Economic and Trade Relations|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
*[[Yunus Emre Institute]] has a local branch in [[Kabul]].
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Australia}}||<!--Date started-->1967<ref name="auto152">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-australia.en.mfa| title=Relations between Turkey and Australia|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>||See [[Australia–Turkey relations]]
* [[Australia]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a Consulates General in [[Istanbul]] and [[Çanakkale]].<ref name="auto152" />
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Canberra]] and Consulates General in [[Melbourne]] and [[Sydney]].<ref name="auto152" />
*Both countries are members of [[G20]], [[MIKTA]], [[OECD]] and [[WTO]].<ref name="auto152" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 1.66 billion USD in 2015 (Turkish exports/imports: 521.6/544.8 million USD).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-commercial-and-economic-relations-with-australia.en.mfa |title=Commercial and Economic Relations between Turkey and Australia|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
* 120,837 [[Australia]]n tourists visited Turkey in 2019.
*150 thousand Turkish citizens reside in Australia.<ref name="auto152" />
*[[Yunus Emre Institute]] has a local branch in [[Melbourne]].
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Bangladesh}}|| ||See [[Bangladesh–Turkey relations]]
*[[Bangladesh]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto117">{{cite web |title=Relations between Turkey and Bangladesh |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey%E2%80%93bangladesh-relations.en.mfa |access-date=6 October 2020 |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}</ref>
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Dhaka]].<ref name="auto117" />
*Both countries are members of [[OIC]].<ref name="auto117" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 934 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 427/509 million USD).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_bangladesh-economic-and-trade-relations.en.mfa |title=Turkey-Bangladesh Economic and Trade Relations|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Bhutan}}||26 September 2012<ref>{{cite web|title=Bhutan Establishes diplomatic relations with the Slovak Republic and the Republic of Turkey (MFA Bhutan)|url=https://www.mfa.gov.bt/?p=1005}}</ref>||
* [[Bhutan]] and [[Turkey]] cooperate through their respective embassies in [[New Delhi]].<ref>"Economic Development and Social Changes in Bhutan." pp. 82–99 in [[Urmila Phadnis]], S.D. Muni, and Kalim Bahadur (eds.), ''Domestic Conflicts in South Asia''. New Delhi: South Asian Publishers, 1986.</ref>
* Trade volume between the two countries was 1.58 million USD in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 0.1/1.48 million USD).<ref name=":1">{{cite web|title=Economic Relations between Turkey and Bhutan|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/bhutan-economical.en.mfa|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey}}</ref>
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Brunei Darussalam}}||27 June 1984<ref>{{Cite news|title=Marking 37 years of diplomatic ties|date=31 December 2021 |url=https://borneobulletin.com.bn/marking-37-years-of-diplomatic-ties/}}</ref>||See [[Brunei–Turkey relations]]
* [[Brunei Darussalam]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto102">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and Brunei Darussalam|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-brunei-darussalam.en.mfa|access-date=6 October 2020|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}</ref>
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Bandar Seri Begawan]].<ref name="auto102" />
* Both countries are members of [[OIC]].
* Trade volume between the two countries was 4.88 billion USD in 2015 (Turkish exports/imports: 4882/16 million USD).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_brunei-bilateral-commercial-and-economic-relations.en.mfa |title=Commercial and Economic Relations between Turkey and Brunei|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag| Cambodia}}||<!--Date started--> 1959<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-cambodia.en.mfa|title=Relations between Turkey and Cambodia|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>||See [[Cambodia–Turkey relations]]
* [[Cambodia]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Phnom Penh]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 108.4 million USD in 2015 (Turkish exports/imports: 13.7/94.7 million USD).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_cambodia-bilateral-economic-and-commercial-relations.en.mfa|title=Turkey-Cambodia Bilateral Economic and Commercial Relations|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|China}}||<!--Date started-->1971<ref name="auto14">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-china.en.mfa| title=Relations between Turkey and China|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>||See [[China–Turkey relations]]
* [[China]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and Consulates General in [[Istanbul]] and [[İzmir]].<ref name="auto14" />
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Beijing]] and Consulates General in [[Guangzhou]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://guangzhou.bk.mfa.gov.tr/|title=Türkiye Cumhuriyeti T.C.Guanco Başkonsolosluğu|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref> [[Hong Kong]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hongkong.bk.mfa.gov.tr/|title=Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Hong Kong Başkonsolosluğu|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref> and [[Shanghai]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sanghay.bk.mfa.gov.tr/|title=Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Şanhay Başkonsolosluğu|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
*Both countries are members of [[G20]] and [[WTO]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 21.08 billion USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 2.58/18.49 billion USD).<ref name="auto144">{{cite web | url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-commercial-and-economic-relations-with-china.en.mfa| title=Commercial and Economic Relations between Turkey and China|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
*426,344 Chinese tourists visited Turkey in 2019.<ref name="auto144" />
*There are direct flights from [[Istanbul]] to [[Beijing]], [[Chengdu]], [[Guangzhou]], [[Hong Kong]] and [[Shanghai]].<ref name="auto144" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Cook Islands}}||<!--Date started--> 28 Oct. 2008<ref name="auto557">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-cook-islands.en.mfa| title=Relations between Turkey and Cook Islands|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>||
*The Turkish ambassador in [[Wellington]] to [[New Zealand]] is also accredited to the [[Cook Islands]].<ref name="auto557" />
* Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2019.<ref name="auto557" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|East Timor}}||<!--Date started-->20 May 2002<ref name="auto57">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-east-timor.en.mfa| title=Relations between Turkey and East Timor|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>||See [[East Timor–Turkey relations]]
*The Turkish ambassador in [[Jakarta]] to [[Indonesia]] is also accredited to [[East Timor]].<ref name="auto57" />
* Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2018.<ref name="auto57" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Fiji}}||<!--Date started-->17 Dec. 1975<ref name="auto141">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-the-republic-of-fiji.en.mfa| title=Relations between Turkey and Republic of Fiji|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>||
*The Turkish ambassador in [[Wellington]] to [[New Zealand]] is also accredited to [[Fiji]].<ref name="auto141" />
* Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2018.<ref name="auto141" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag| India}}||<!--Date started-->15 Aug. 1947<ref name="auto2">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-india-relations.en.mfa|title=Turkey – India Political Relations|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>||See [[India–Turkey relations]]
[[File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi with the President of the Republic of Turkey, Mr. Recep Tayyip Erdogan, at Hyderabad House, in New Delhi on May 01, 2017 (1).jpg|thumb|Prime Minister [[Erdoğan]] meets with [[Narendra Modi]] in [[India]].]]
* [[India]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a consulate general in [[Istanbul]].
* Turkey has an embassy in [[New Delhi]] and Consulates General in [[Hyderabad]] and [[Mumbai]].<ref name="auto2" />
* Both countries are members of [[G20]] and [[WTO]].
* Trade volume between the two countries was 7.80 billion USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 1.17/6.64 billion USD).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-commercial-and-economic-relations-with-india.en.mfa|title=Turkey-India Economic and Trade Relations|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
* 230,131 [[India]]n tourists visited Turkey in 2019.
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Indonesia}}||1950<ref>{{cite web|title=Relations between Türkiye and Indonesia|url=https://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-indonesia.en.mfa}}</ref>||See [[Indonesia–Turkey relations]]
* [[Indonesia]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto13">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and Indonesia|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-indonesia.en.mfa|access-date=6 October 2020|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}</ref>
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Jakarta]].<ref name="auto13" />
* Both countries are members of [[D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation|D-8]], [[G20]], [[MIKTA]], [[OIC]] and [[WTO]].
* Trade volume between the two countries was 1.85 billion USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 0.21/1.64 billion USD).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-commercial-and-economic-relations-with-indonesia.en.mfa| title=Commercial and Economic Relations between Turkey and Indonesia|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
* 127,149 [[Indonesia]]n tourists visited Turkey in 2019.
*2,400 Indonesian citizens reside in Turkey.<ref name="auto13" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Japan}}||<!--Date started-->1890<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-japan.en.mfa| title=Relations between Turkey and Japan|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>||See [[Japan–Turkey relations]]
* [[Japan]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a consulate general in [[Istanbul]].
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Embassy of Turkey, Tokyo|Tokyo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tokyo.be.mfa.gov.tr/|title=Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tokyo Büyükelçiliği|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref> and a consulate general in [[Nagoya]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkey-opens-consulate-in-japans-nagoya-city-148996/|title=Turkey opens consulate in Japan's Nagoya city|work=Hürriyet Daily News|date=22 November 2019 |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
*Both countries are members of [[G20]], [[OECD]] and [[WTO]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 4.02 billion USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 0.5/3.52 billion USD).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-commercial-and-economic-relations-with-japan.en.mfa| title=Commercial and Economic Relations between Turkey and Japan|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
* 103,320 [[Japan]]ese tourists visited Turkey in 2019.
*[[Yunus Emre Institute]] has a local branch in [[Tokyo]].
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Kiribati}}||<!--Date started-->2008<ref name="auto129">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-_-kiribati-relations.en.mfa| title=Relations between Turkey and Kiribati|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>||
*The Turkish ambassador in [[Canberra]] to [[Australia]] is also accredited to [[Kiribati]].<ref name="auto129" />
* Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2018.<ref name="auto129" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag| Laos}}||<!--Date started-->1958<ref name="auto139">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-laos.en.mfa|title=Relations between Turkey and Laos|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>||See [[Laos–Turkey relations]]
*The Embassy of [[Laos]] in [[Vienna]] is also accredited to Turkey.<ref name="auto139" />
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Vientiane]].<ref name="auto139" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 2.92 billion USD in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 1.44/1.48 billion USD).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_laos-bilateral-economic-and-commercial-relations.en.mfa|title=Turkey-Laos Bilateral Economic and Commercial Relations|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag| Maldives}}||<!--Date started-->1979<ref name="auto108">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_-maldives-political-relations.en.mfa|title=Turkey-Maldives Political Relations|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>||See [[Maldives–Turkey relations]]
*The Permanent Mission of the [[Republic of Maldives]] to the United Nations Office in [[Geneva]] is also accredited to Turkey.<ref name="auto108" />
*The Turkish ambassador in [[New Delhi]] to [[India]] is also accredited to the [[Maldives]].<ref name="auto108" />
*Both countries are members of [[Organization of Islamic Cooperation|OIC]].<ref name="auto108" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 46.5 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 28.2/18.3 million USD).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-commercial-and-economic-relations-with-maldives.en.mfa|title=Turkey-Maldives Economic and Trade Relations|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
*There are direct flights from [[Istanbul]] to [[Malé]] since 24 November 2012.
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Malaysia}}||<!--Date started-->1964<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-malaysia.en.mfa| title=Relations between Turkey and Malaysia|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>||See [[Malaysia–Turkey relations]]
* [[Malaysia]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Kuala Lumpur]].
*Both countries are members of [[D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation|D-8]], [[OIC]] and [[WTO]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 1.70 billion USD in 2015 (Turkish exports/imports: 0.36/1.34 billion USD).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-commercial-and-economic-relations-with-malaysia.en.mfa |title=Commercial and Economic Relations between Turkey and Malaysia|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
* 114,214 [[Malaysia]]n tourists visited Turkey in 2019.
*[[Yunus Emre Institute]] has a local branch in [[Kuala Lumpur]].
|{{yes|√}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag| Marshall Islands}}||<!--Date started-->9 April 2008<ref name=":6">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_-marshall-islands-relations.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Marshall Islands|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey}}</ref>||See Marshall Islands–Turkey relations
* Turkish ambassador in [[Canberra]] to [[Australia]] is also accredited to the [[Marshall Islands]].<ref name=":6" />
* [[Marshall Islands]] has an honorary consulate in [[Istanbul]].<ref name=":6" />
* Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2018.<ref name=":6" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag| Micronesia}}||6 August 2007<ref>{{cite web|title=Diplomatic Relations Between Turkey and Federated States of Micronesia as of 6 Aug. 2007 (United Nations Digital Library)|date = 6 August 2007|url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3843836?ln=en|last1 = Of)|first1 = Micronesia (Federated States}}</ref>||
* The Turkish ambassador in [[Canberra]] to [[Australia]] is also accredited to [[Federated States of Micronesia|Micronesia]].<ref name=":7">{{cite web|title=Relations between Turkey and Micronesia|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-_-micronesia-relations.en.mfa|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey}}</ref>
* Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2018.<ref name=":7" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Mongolia}}||<!--Date started-->24 June 1969<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-mongolia.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Mongolia|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>||See [[Mongolia–Turkey relations]]
* [[Mongolia]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Ulaanbaatar]].
*Both countries are members of [[Asia Cooperation Dialogue]] and [[WTO]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 39.7 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 39.2/0.5 million USD).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/economic-relations-between-turkey-and-mongolia.en.mfa |title=Economic Relations between Turkey and Mongolia|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag| Myanmar}}||<!--Date started-->1958<ref name="auto50">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-myanmar.en.mfa|title=Relations between Turkey and Myanmar|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>||See [[Myanmar–Turkey relations]]
*The [[Myanmar|Burmese]] Embassy in [[Cairo]] to [[Egypt]] is also accredited to Turkey.<ref name="auto50" />
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Yangon]].<ref name="auto50" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 38.7 million USD in 2015 (Turkish exports/imports: 30.7/8 million USD).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_myanmar-bilateral-economic-and-commercial-relations.en.mfa|title=Turkey-Myanmar Bilateral Economic and Commercial Relations|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag| Nauru}}|| ||
* The Turkish ambassador in [[Canberra]] to [[Australia]] is also accredited to [[Nauru]].<ref name=":8">{{cite web |title=Relations between Turkey and Nauru |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-_-nauru-relations.en.mfa |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey}}</ref>
* Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2018.<ref name=":8" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|New Zealand}}||12 December 1978<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Turkey |url=http://www.nzlii.org/nz/other/nz_gazette/1979/6.pdf |access-date=22 November 2023 |website=The New Zealand Gazette Thursday, 25 January 1979 No. 6 |page=155}}</ref>||See [[New Zealand–Turkey relations]]
* [[New Zealand]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto111">{{cite web |title=Relations between Turkey and New Zealand |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-political-relations-with-new-zealand.en.mfa |access-date=6 October 2020 |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}</ref>
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Wellington]].<ref name="auto111" />
*Both countries are members of [[OECD]] and [[WTO]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 152.8 million USD in 2015 (Turkish exports/imports: 90.1/62.7 million USD).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-commercial-and-economic-relations-with-new-zealand.en.mfa |title=Commercial and Economic Relations between Turkey and New Zealand|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
* 20,912 [[New Zealand]]ers visited Turkey in 2019.
*1,700 Turkish citizens reside in New Zealand.<ref name="auto111" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Niue}}||<!--Date started-->7 June 2014<ref>{{cite news |title=Foreign Minister Davutoğlu "In the last six years, we have taken significant steps to strengthen our relations with Pacific Island States" |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/foreign-minister-davutoglu-in-the-last-six-years-we-have-taken-significant.en.mfa |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Turkey)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey]] |access-date=2014-06-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140615041055/http://www.mfa.gov.tr/foreign-minister-davutoglu-in-the-last-six-years-we-have-taken-significant.en.mfa |archive-date=2014-06-15 |url-status=dead}}"Joint Declaration concerning the establishment of diplomatic relations between Turkey and Niue, ...were signed."</ref>||
* Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2018.
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|North Korea}}||<!--Date started-->15 Jan. 2001<ref name="auto62">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-the-democratic-peoples-republic-of-korea.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>|| See [[North Korea–Turkey relations]]
*The Embassy of [[North Korea]] in [[Sofia]] is also accredited to Turkey.<ref name="auto62" />
*The ambassador in [[Seoul]] to [[South Korea]] is also accredited to [[North Korea]].<ref name="auto62" />
* Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2018.<ref name="auto62" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Pakistan}}||<!--Date started-->1947<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-pakistan-relations.en.mfa|title=Turkey-Pakistan Relations|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>||See [[Pakistan–Turkey relations]]
*[[Pakistan]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a consulate general in [[Istanbul]].
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Islamabad]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://islamabad.be.mfa.gov.tr/|title=Türkiye Cumhuriyeti İslamabad Büyükelçiliği|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref> and Consulates General in [[Karachi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://karaci.bk.mfa.gov.tr/|title=Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Karaçi Başkonsolosluğu|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref> and [[Lahore]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aksam.com.tr/guncel/turkiye-dunyada-en-cok-temsilciligi-olan-6-ulke/haber-580158|title=Türkiye dünyada en çok temsilciliği olan 6. ülke|date=26 December 2016 |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
*Both countries are members of [[Asia Cooperation Dialogue]], [[Economic Cooperation Organization]], [[OIC]] and [[WTO]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 856 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 550/306 million USD).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-commercial-and-economic-relations-with-pakistan.en.mfa |title=Turkey-Pakistan Economic and Trade Relations|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
* 130,736 [[Pakistan]]i tourists visited Turkey in 2019.
*[[Yunus Emre Institute]] has local branches in [[Karachi]] and [[Lahore]].
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Palau}}||<!--Date started-->10 May 2007<ref name="auto114">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-palau%20.en.mfa| title=Relations between Turkey and Palau|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>||
*Turkish ambassador in [[Tokyo]] to [[Japan]] is also accredited to [[Palau]].<ref name="auto114" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 3.7 million USD in 2014.<ref name="auto114" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Papua New Guinea}}||<!--Date started-->30 May 1979<ref name="auto127">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/t%C3%BCrkiye-_-papua-yeni-gine-siyasi-%C4%B0li%C5%9Fkileri.en.mfa| title=Relations between Turkey and Papua New Guinea|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>||
*[[Papua New Guinea]] has an honorary consulate in [[Istanbul]].<ref name="auto127" />
*The Turkish ambassador in [[Canberra]] is also accredited to [[Papua New Guinea]].<ref name="auto127" />
* Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2018.<ref name="auto127" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag| Philippines}}||<!--Date started-->13 June 1949<ref name="auto85">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-the-philippines_.en.mfa| title=Relations between Turkey and the Philippines|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>||See [[Philippines–Turkey relations]]
* [[Philippines]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto85" />
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Manila]].<ref name="auto85" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 219.7 million USD in 2015 (Turkish exports/imports: 104/115.7 million USD).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-commercial-and-economical-relations-with-philippines.en.mfa| title=Commercial and Economic Relations between Turkey and the Philippines|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
* 139,126 [[Philippines|Filipino]] tourists visited Turkey in 2019.
*2,200 Philippine nationals are residing in Turkey.<ref name="auto85" />
*There are direct flights from [[Istanbul]] to [[Manila]] since March 2015.<ref name="auto85" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Samoa}}||<!--Date started-->12 April 1979<ref name="auto94">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-the-independent-state-of-samoa.en.mfa| title=Relations between Turkey and Samoa|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>||See [[Samoa–Turkey relations]]
*The Turkish ambassador in [[Wellington]] to [[New Zealand]] is also accredited to [[Samoa]].<ref name="auto94" />
* Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2018.<ref name="auto94" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Singapore}}||<!--Date started-->12 Feb. 1969<ref name="auto45">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-singapore.en.mfa| title=Relations between Turkey and Singapore|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>||See [[Singapore–Turkey relations]]
* [[Singapore]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto45" />
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Singapore]].<ref name="auto45" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 808 million USD in 2015 (Turkish exports/imports: 443/365 million USD).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-commercial-and-economic-relations-with-singapore.en.mfa| title=Commercial and Economic Relations between Turkey and Singapore|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
* 34,930 [[Singapore]]an tourists visited Turkey in 2019.
*There are direct flights from [[Istanbul]] to [[Singapore]].<ref name="auto45" />
|{{yes|√}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Solomon Islands}}||<!--Date started-->8 Mar. 1979<ref name="auto136">{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-_-solomon-islands-relations.en.mfa| title=Relations between Turkey and Solomon Islands|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>||See [[Solomon Islands–Turkey relations]]
* The [[Turkey|Turkish]] ambassador in [[Canberra]] to [[Australia]] is also accredited to [[Solomon Islands]] since 8 March 1979.<ref name="auto136" />
* Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2018.
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|South Korea}}||<!--Date started-->11 Aug. 1949<ref name="auto95">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-the-republic-of-korea.en.mfa| title=Relations between Turkey and South Korea|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>||See [[South Korea–Turkey relations]]
* [[South Korea]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto95" />
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Seoul]].<ref name="auto95" />
*Both countries are members of [[G20]], [[MIKTA]], [[OECD]] and [[WTO]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 6.53 billion USD in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 0.88/5.64 billion USD).<ref name="auto89">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-commercial-and-economic-relations-with-south-korea.en.mfa |title=Turkey-Republic of South Korea Economic and Trade Relations|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
*212,970 South Korean tourists visited Turkey in 2019.<ref name="auto89" />
*Free Trade Agreement between the two countries entered into force on 1 May 2013 and was updated on 1 August 2018 to include an Investment Agreement.<ref name="auto89" />
*Turkey ranks third in number of martyrs among the 16 countries that participated in the [[Korean War]]. [[United Nations Memorial Cemetery]] in [[Busan]] honors 462 of the 966 Turkish soldiers who died during the war.
*[[Yunus Emre Institute]] has a local branch in [[Seoul]].
|{{yes|√}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag| Sri Lanka}}||<!--Date started-->4 Feb. 1948<ref name="auto99">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-sri-lanka-relations.en.mfa|title=Turkey-Sri Lanka Political Relations|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>||See [[Sri Lanka–Turkey relations]]
*[[Sri Lanka]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto99" />
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Colombo]].<ref name="auto99" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 185.7 million USD in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 84.3/101.4 million USD).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-commercial-and-economic-relations-with-sri-lanka.en.mfa|title=Turkey-Sri Lanka Economic and Trade Relations|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Taiwan}}||Started in 1934, Ended in 1971||See [[Taiwan–Turkey relations]]
* Diplomatic recognition was withdrawn in 1971 by the establishment of diplomatic relations between Turkey and China. 
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Tajikistan}}||<!--Date started-->29 Jan. 1992<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-tajikistan.en.mfa| title=Relations between Turkey and Tajikistan|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>||See [[Tajikistan–Turkey relations]]
* Tajikistan has an embassy in [[Ankara]].
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Dushanbe]].
*Both countries are members of [[Asia Cooperation Dialogue]], [[Economic Cooperation Organization]], [[OIC]] and [[WTO]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 274 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 143/131 million USD).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/economic-relations-between-turkey-and-tajikistan.en.mfa |title=Economic Relations between Turkey and Tajikistan|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
* 44,155 [[Tajikistan|Tajik]] tourists visited Turkey in 2019.
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Thailand}}||<!--Date started-->1958<ref name="auto80">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-thailand.en.mfa| title=Relations between Turkey and Thailand|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>||See [[Thailand–Turkey relations]]
* [[Thailand]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto80" />
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Bangkok]].<ref name="auto80" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 1.34 billion USD in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 0.26/1.09 billion USD).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-commercial-and-economic-relations-with-thailand.en.mfa|title=Commercial and Economic Relations between Turkey and Thailand|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
* 62,192 [[Thailand|Thai]] tourists visited Turkey in 2019.
*Negotiations on a bilateral Free Trade Agreement (FTA) began in 2017.<ref name="auto80" />
*There are direct flights from [[Istanbul]] to [[Bangkok]] and [[Phuket]].<ref name="auto80" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Tonga}}||<!--Date started-->26 Jan. 1976<ref name="auto11">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-the-kingdom-of-tonga.en.mfa| title=Relations between Turkey and Tonga|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>||See [[Tonga–Turkey relations]]
* The [[Turkey|Turkish]] ambassador in [[Wellington]] to [[New Zealand]] is also accredited to [[Tonga]] since 26 January 1976.<ref name="auto11" />
* Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2018.<ref name="auto11" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Tuvalu}}||<!--Date started-->19 July 1979<ref name="auto143">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-the-kingdom-of-tuvalu.en.mfa| title=Relations between Turkey and Tuvalu|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>||
* The [[Turkey|Turkish]] ambassador in [[Wellington]] to [[New Zealand]] is also accredited to [[Tuvalu]].<ref name="auto143" />
* Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2018.<ref name="auto143" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Vanuatu}}||<!--Date started-->10 April 1987<ref name=":5">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-_-vanuatu-relations.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Vanuatu|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey}}</ref>||
* Turkish ambassador in [[Canberra]] to [[Australia]] is also accredited to [[Vanuatu]].<ref name=":5" />
* [[Vanuatu]] has an honorary consulate in [[Istanbul]].<ref name=":5" />
* Trade volume between the two countries was 17.4 million USD in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 10.3/7.1 million USD).<ref name=":5" />
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Vietnam}}||<!--Date started-->1978<ref name="auto98">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-vietnam-siyasi-iliskileri.en.mfa| title=Relations between Turkey and Vietnam|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>||See [[Turkey–Vietnam relations]]
* [[Vietnam]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto98" />
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Hanoi]].<ref name="auto98" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 1.91 billion USD in 2015 (Turkish exports/imports: 0.16/1.76 billion USD).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-commercial-and-economic-relations-with-vietnam.en.mfa| title=Commercial and Economic Relations between Turkey and Vietnam|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
*There are direct flights from [[Istanbul]] to [[Hanoi]] and [[Ho Chi Minh City]] since 27 June 2016.<ref name="auto98" />
|{{no|X}}
|}

====Western Asia====

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:10%;"| Country/Region
! style="width:10%;"| Relations began
! style="width:50%;"| Notes
! style="width:10%;"| Free trade agreement
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Armenia}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Armenia–Turkey relations]]
* Diplomatic relations suspended over the [[First Nagorno-Karabakh War|Nagorno-Karabakh War]].
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Bahrain}}||12 April 1973<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral Relations |url=https://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=73&language=en-US&Country=Republic%20of%20Turkey |access-date=16 December 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs Bahrain}}</ref>||See [[Bahrain–Turkey relations]]
* [[Bahrain]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Manama]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 486 million USD in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 299/187 million USD).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-commercial-and-economic-relations-with-bahrain.en.mfa |title=Turkey-Bahrain Economic and Trade Relations|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
*[[Yunus Emre Institute]] has a local branch in [[Manama]].
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Cyprus}}||<!--Date started-->||
* Diplomatic relations suspended over the [[Cyprus dispute]].
|{{yes|√}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Northern Cyprus}}||<!--Date started-->1983<ref name="mfa.gov.ct.tr"/>||See [[Northern Cyprus–Turkey relations]]
*[[Northern Cyprus]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and Consulates General in [[Antalya]], [[Gaziantep]], [[Istanbul]], [[İzmir]], [[Mersin]] and [[Trabzon]].
*Turkey has an embassy in [[North Nicosia]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lefkosa.be.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Lefkoşa Büyükelçiliği|website=lefkosa.be.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref>
*[[Yunus Emre Institute]] has a local branch in [[North Nicosia]].
| {{free|Free Trade}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Georgia}}||21 May 1992<ref>{{Cite web |title=Political Relations between Türkiye and Georgia |url=https://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkiye-and-georgia.en.mfa |access-date=16 December 2023 |website=Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}</ref>||See [[Georgia–Turkey relations]]
* [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and Consulates General in [[Istanbul]] and [[Trabzon]].<ref name="auto35">{{cite web |title=Relations between Turkey and Georgia |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-georgia.en.mfa |access-date=6 October 2020 |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}</ref>
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Tbilisi]] and a consulate general in [[Batumi]].<ref name="auto35" />
*Both countries are members of [[Council of Europe]], [[Economic Cooperation Organization]], [[Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation]], [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe]] and [[WTO]]. 
* Turkey supports Georgia's [[NATO]] membership.
*Trade volume between the two countries was 1.85 billion USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 1.58/0.27 billion USD).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/economic-relations-between-turkey-and-georgia.en.mfa|title=Economic Relations between Turkey and Georgia|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
* 1,995,254 [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]n tourists visited Turkey in 2019.<ref name="auto35" />
*[[Yunus Emre Institute]] has a local branch in [[Tbilisi]].
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Iran}}||1835<ref name="tahran-be.mfa.gov.tr"/>||See [[Iran–Turkey relations]]
* [[Iran]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and Consulates General in [[Istanbul]], [[Trabzon]] and [[Erzurum]].<ref name="auto112/">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-iran-relations.en.mfa|title=Relations between Turkey and Iran|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Tehran]] and Consulates General in [[Tabriz]], [[Orumiyeh]] and [[Mashhad]].<ref name="auto112/" />
*Both countries are members of [[Economic Cooperation Organization]] and [[OIC]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 5.60 billion USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 2.31/3.29 billion USD).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/economic-and-commercial-relations-with-iran.en.mfa|title=Economic and Commercial Relations with Iran|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
* 2,102,890 [[Iran]]ian tourists visited Turkey in 2019.
*[[Yunus Emre Institute]] has a local branch in [[Tehran]].
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Iraq}}||16 January 1928||See [[Iraq–Turkey relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 January 1928 when has been accredited the first Iraqi ambassador to Turkey Salih Nishat. The first Turkish ambassador, Lütfi Tokay, also presented his letters of credence in Baghdad on 21 December 1929.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dr. Mustafa BOSTANCI |date=2017 |title=IRAK'TA MONARŞİNİN SONU (1958 IRAK İHTİLALİ): III. İHTİLALE KADAR TÜRKİYE-IRAK İLİŞKİLERİ |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327363989 |access-date=13 September 2023 |page=251 |language=tr}}</ref>
*[[Iraq]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and Consulates General in [[Gaziantep]] and [[Istanbul]].
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Baghdad]] and a consulate general in [[Erbil]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 9.77 billion USD in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 8.35/1.42 billion USD).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-iraq.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Iraq|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
* 1,374,896 [[Iraq]]i tourists visited Turkey in 2019.
|{{no|X}}
|-
|{{Flag|Kurdistan Region}}
|2001
|See [[Kurdistan Region–Turkey relations]]
|
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Israel}}|| ||See [[Israel–Turkey relations]]
{{See also|History of the Jews in Turkey}}
* [[Israel]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a consulate general in [[Istanbul]].
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Tel Aviv]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 4.37 billion USD in 2015 (Turkish exports/imports: 2.70/1.67 billion USD).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/economic-and-commercial-relations-with-israel.en.mfa |title=Economic and Commercial Relations with Israel|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
* 569,368 [[Israel]]i tourists visited Turkey in 2019.
*The history of the Jewish–[[Turkish people|Turkish]] relations dates back to 14th–16th centuries, when the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] Sultan [[Beyazid II]] invited the [[Sephardic Jews]] fleeing the [[Spanish Inquisition|Spanish]] and [[Portuguese Inquisition]]s to settle in the [[Ottoman Empire]].
*During the 1930s and 1940s, the [[Turkey|Republic of Turkey]] again served as a safe haven for the European Jewish refugees fleeing the [[Nazi]]-perpetrated [[Holocaust]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jewishmag.com/43mag/bengurion/bengurion.htm |title=David Ben-Gurion |publisher=Jewishmag.com |date=14 May 1948|access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref> A Turkish diplomat, [[Selahattin Ulkumen]], is honoured as one of the [[Righteous Among The Nations]] for his work in rescuing Jews from [[Nazi]] officials on the island of [[Rhodes]], by issuing them Turkish visas and later arranging for their transport to Turkish territory. Another diplomat, [[Necdet Kent]], also rescued Jews from Nazi authorities, for which he was awarded a special medal by the government of the State of Israel.
*Turkey was the first country with a Muslim majority to formally recognize the [[State of Israel]].
*The founders of the State of Israel and prominent Israeli politicians such as [[David Ben-Gurion]], [[Yitzhak Ben-Zvi]] and [[Moshe Shertok]] had all studied in the leading Turkish schools of [[Istanbul]] in their youth, namely [[Galatasaray High School]] and [[Istanbul University]].
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Jordan}}||11 January 1947<ref>{{Cite web |title=Relations between Türkiye and Jordan |url=https://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkiye-and-jordan.en.mfa |access-date=16 December 2023 |website=Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}</ref>||See [[Jordan–Turkey relations]]
*[[Jordan]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto96">{{cite web |title=Relations between Turkey and Jordan |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-jordan.en.mfa |access-date=6 October 2020 |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}</ref>
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Amman]].<ref name="auto96" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 962 million USD in 2015 (Turkish exports/imports: 835/127 million USD).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-commercial-and-economic-relations-with-jordan.en.mfa |title=Commercial and Economic Relations between Turkey and Jordan|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
* 474,874 [[Jordan]]ian tourists visited Turkey in 2019.<ref name="auto96" />
*Free Trade Agreement went into force on 11 March.<ref name="auto96" />
*[[Yunus Emre Institute]] has a local branch in [[Amman]].
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Kuwait}}||10 January 1964<ref>{{Cite book |title=Chronology of Arab Politics - Volume 2, Issues 1-3 |publisher=Political Studies and Public Administration Department of the American University of Beirut |year=1964 |pages=42}}</ref>||See [[Kuwait–Turkey relations]]
*[[Kuwait]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Kuwait City]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 678 million USD in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 534/144 million USD).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-commercial-and-economic-relations-with-kuwait.en.mfa |title=Commercial and Economic Relations between Turkey and Kuwait|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
* 374,191 [[Kuwait]]i tourists visited Turkey in 2018.
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Lebanon}}||8 March 1946||See [[Lebanon–Turkey relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 March 1946.<ref name="nytimes.com">{{Cite web |date=9 March 1946 |title=Turkey Accepts Syria, Lebanon |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1946/03/09/archives/turkey-accepts-syria-lebanon.html |access-date=30 September 2023 |website=The New York Times}}</ref>
*[[Lebanon]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a consulate general in [[Istanbul]].
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Beirut]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 1070 million USD in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 901/169 million USD).
*376,721 [[Lebanon|Lebanese]] tourists visited Turkey in 2019.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-commercial-and-economic-relations-with-lebanon.en.mfa |title= Commercial and Economic Relations between Turkey and Lebanon|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
*[[Yunus Emre Institute]] has a local branch in [[Beirut]].
| {{yes-no|Pending Ratification}}<ref name="auto82" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Oman}}||18 June 1973<ref>{{Cite book|title=ARR: Arab Report and Record|publisher=Economic Features, Limited, 1973|page=278}}</ref>||See [[Oman–Turkey relations]]
*[[Oman]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Muscat]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 489 million USD in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 422/67 million USD).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-commercial-and-economic-relations-with-oman.en.mfa |title=Commercial and Economic Relations between Turkey and Oman|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Palestine}}||<!--Date started-->15 Nov. 1988<ref name="auto100">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-political-relations-with-the-palestinian-national-authority.en.mfa |title=Political Relations with the Palestinian National Authority|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>||See [[Palestine–Turkey relations]]
* [[State of Palestine|Palestine]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto100" />
* Turkey has a consulate general in [[Jerusalem]] accredited to [[State of Palestine|Palestine]].<ref name="auto100" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 84 million USD in 2015 (Turkish exports/imports: 82/2 million USD).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/filistin_in-ekonomisi.en.mfa |title=Economic and Commercial Relations with Palestine|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
*[[Yunus Emre Institute]] has local branches in [[Jerusalem]] and [[Ramallah]].
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Qatar}}||20 March 1973<ref name="ARR: Arab Report and Record"/>||See [[Qatar–Turkey relations]]
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Doha]].
* [[United Arab Emirates]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a consulate general in [[Istanbul]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 1.4 billion USD in 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-commercial-and-economic-relations-with-qatar.en.mfa |title=Commercial and Economic Relations between Turkey and Qatar|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
*Turkey has a military base in Qatar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/11/erdogan-turkey-qatar-military-base-serves-regional-stability-191125154550144.html|title=Erdogan: Turkey-Qatar military base serves regional 'stability'|date=25 November 2019|publisher=Al Jazeera|access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
*[[Yunus Emre Institute]] has a local branch in [[Doha]].
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}||3 August 1929<ref name="ReferenceA"/>||See [[Saudi Arabia–Turkey relations]]
*[[Saudi Arabia]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a consulate general in [[Istanbul]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.gov.sa/Detail.asp?InSectionID=3230&InTemplateKey=Homepage |title=Embassy of Saudi Arabia in Ankara |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Riyadh]] and a consulate general in [[Jeddah]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://riyad.be.mfa.gov.tr/ |title=Embassy of Turkey in Riyadh |date=18 August 2010 |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cidde.bk.mfa.gov.tr/ |title=Consulate–General of Turkey in Jeddah|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
*Trade volume between the two countries was 4.96 billion USD in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 2.64/2.32 billion USD).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-commercial-and-economic-relations-with-saudi-arabia.en.mfa |title=Turkey-Saudi Arabia Economic and Trade Relations|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
* 564,816 [[Saudi Arabia|Saudi]] tourists visited Turkey in 2019.
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Syria}}||8 March 1946
(relations suspended 2011)
|See [[Syria–Turkey relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 March 1946.<ref name="nytimes.com"/>
*Diplomatic relations suspended since 2011.
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}||<!--Date started-->1971<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-the-uae.en.mfa |title=Bilateral Political Relations between Turkey and the UAE|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey}}</ref>||See [[Turkey–United Arab Emirates relations]]
* [[United Arab Emirates]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a consulate general in [[Istanbul]].
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Abu Dhabi]] and a consulate general in [[Dubai]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 6.92 billion USD in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 3.14/3.78 million USD).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-commercial-and-economic-relations-with-united-arab-emirates-_uae_.en.mfa |title=Turkey's Commercial and Economic Relations with United Arab Emirates|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Yemen}}||<!--Date started-->4 March 1946<ref name="Bilateral Political Relations betwe"/>||See [[Turkey–Yemen relations]]
*[[Yemen]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].<ref name="auto123">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-yemen.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Yemen|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Sana'a]].<ref name="auto123" />
* Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2018.<ref name="auto123" />
|{{no|X}}
|}

===Europe===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:10%;"| Country/Region
! style="width:10%;"| Relations began
! style="width:50%;"| Notes
! style="width:10%;"| Free trade agreement
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Albania}}||15 December 1923<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 December 2023 |title=Türkiye, Albania mark century of diplomatic relations |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/turkiye/turkiye-albania-mark-century-of-diplomatic-relations/3083389 |access-date=16 December 2023}}</ref>||See [[Albania–Turkey relations]]
* [[Albania]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a consulate general in [[Istanbul]].
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Tirana]].
*Both countries are members of [[OIC]], [[NATO]] and [[WTO]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 430 million USD in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 408/22 million USD).<ref name="auto133">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/_turkiye-arnavutluk-siyasi-iliskileri.tr.mfa |title=Türkiye-Arnavutluk İlişkileri}}</ref>
* 125,935 Albanian tourists visited Turkey in 2018.<ref name="auto133" />
*[[Yunus Emre Institute]] has local branches in [[Shkoder]] and [[Tirana]]
*There are over 500,000 [[Albanians in Turkey|Albanians]] residing in Turkey.
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Andorra}}||<!--Date started-->8 Oct. 1998<ref name="auto72">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-andorra.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Andorra}}</ref>||
*The Turkish ambassador in [[Madrid]] to [[Spain]] is also accredited to [[Andorra]].<ref name="auto72" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 478 thousand USD in 2010 (Turkish exports/imports: 476/1.4 thousand USD).<ref name="auto72" />
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Austria}}||<!--Date started-->1526<ref name="Lonnie Johnson 1989"/>||See [[Austria–Turkey relations]]
* [[Austria]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a consulate general in [[Istanbul]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-austria.en.mfa| title=Relations between Turkey and Austria}}</ref>
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Vienna]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tiran.be.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Turkish Embassy in Tirana|website=tiran.be.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref> and Consulates General in [[Bregenz]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bregenz.bk.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Bregenz Başkonsolosluğu|website=bregenz.bk.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref> and [[Salzburg]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://salzburg.bk.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Salzburg Başkonsolosluğu|website=salzburg.bk.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref>
*Both countries are members of [[OECD]] and [[WTO]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 2.43 billion USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 1.14/1.29 billion USD).<ref name="auto7">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/commercial-and-economic-relations-between-turkey-and-austria.en.mfa |title=Economic Relations between Turkey and Austria}}</ref>
*401,475 Austrian tourists visited Turkey in 2019.<ref name="auto7" />
*[[Yunus Emre Institute]] has a local branch in [[Vienna]].
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Belarus}}||<!--Date started-->25 Mar. 1992<ref name="auto92">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-belarus.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Belarus}}</ref>||See [[Belarus–Turkey relations]]
* [[Belarus]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a consulate general in [[Istanbul]].<ref name="auto119">{{cite web|url=http://minsk.be.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Minsk Büyükelçiliği|website=minsk.be.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref>
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Minsk]].<ref name="auto119" />
*Both countries are members of [[OSCE]].<ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-political-relations-with-belarus.en.mfa Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Belarus]</ref>
*Trade volume between the two countries was 691 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 531/160 million USD).<ref name="auto92" />
* 258,419 [[Belarus]]ian tourists visited Turkey in 2019.
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Belgium}}||<!--Date started-->1838<ref name="auto128">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-belgium.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Belgium}}</ref>||See [[Belgium–Turkey relations]]
* [[Belgium]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a consulate general in [[Istanbul]].
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Brussels]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bruksel.be.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Turkish Embassy In Brussels|website=bruksel.be.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref> and a consulate general in [[Antwerp]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://anvers.bk.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Turkish Consulate General In Antwerpen|website=anvers.bk.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref>
*Both countries are members of [[OECD]], [[NATO]] and [[WTO]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 5.7 billion USD in 2015 (Turkish exports/imports: 2.6/3.1 billion USD).<ref name="auto128" />
*220 thousand Turkish citizens reside in Belgium.<ref name="auto128" /> See [[Turks in Belgium]]
*557,435 Belgian tourists visited Turkey in 2019.<ref name="auto128" />
*[[Yunus Emre Institute]] has a local branch in [[Brussels]].
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Bulgaria}}||<!--Date started-->1908<ref>{{Cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/1061402.stm |title=Time: Bulgaria| date= 23 January 2012}}</ref>||See [[Bulgaria–Turkey relations]]
* [[Bulgaria]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and Consulates General in [[Bursa]], [[Edirne]] and [[Istanbul]].
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Sofia]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sofya.be.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Sofya Büyükelçiliği|website=sofya.be.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref> and a consulate general in [[Burgas]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://burgaz.bk.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Burgaz Başkonsolosluğu|website=burgaz.bk.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref> and [[Plovdiv]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://filibe.bk.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Filibe Başkonsolosluğu|website=filibe.bk.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref> 
*Both countries are full members of the [[Council of Europe]] and [[NATO]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 4.1 billion USD in 2017 (Turkish exports/imports: 2.1/2.0 billion USD).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-bulgaria.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Bulgaria}}</ref>
* 2,713,464 [[Bulgaria]]n tourists visited Turkey in 2019.
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}||<!--Date started-->29 Aug. 1992<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vijeceministara.gov.ba/ministarstva/vanjska_trgovina_i_ekonomski_odnosi/default.aspx?id=136&langTag=en-US |title=Foreign Relations of Bosnia and Herzegovina}}</ref>||See [[Bosnia and Herzegovina–Turkey relations]]
* [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Sarajevo]]. 
* Turkey supports Bosnia and Herzegovina's [[NATO]] membership.
*Trade volume between the two countries was 661 million USD in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 420/241 million USD).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-bosna-hersek-siyasi-iliskileri-.tr.mfa |title=Türkiye-Bosna-Hersek Siyasi İlişkileri}}</ref>
*[[Yunus Emre Institute]] has local branches in [[Fojnica]], [[Mostar]] and [[Sarajevo]].
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Croatia}}||<!--Date started-->6 Aug. 1992<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mvep.hr/en/foreign-politics/bilateral-relations1/date-of-recognition-and-establishment-of-diplomatic-relations/ |title=Date of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations}}</ref>||See [[Croatia–Turkey relations]]
* [[Croatia]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and Consulates General in [[Istanbul]] and [[İzmir]].
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Zagreb]].
* Both countries are members of [[NATO]] and [[WTO]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 384 million USD in 2017 (Turkish exports/imports: 232/152 million USD).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-croatia.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Croatia}}</ref>
*[[Yunus Emre Institute]] has a local branch in [[Zagreb]].
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Czech Republic}}||<!--Date started-->1924<ref name="auto4">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-the-czech-republic.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and the Czech Republic}}</ref>||See [[Czech Republic–Turkey relations]]
* [[Czech Republic]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a consulate general in [[Istanbul]].
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Prague]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://prag.be.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Turkish Embassy in Prague|website=prag.be.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref>
*Both countries are members of [[NATO]], [[OECD]] and [[WTO]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 3.65 billion USD in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 1/2.65 billion USD).<ref name="auto4" />
*4,500 Turkish citizens reside in the Czech Republic.<ref name="auto4" />
*311,359 Czech tourists visited Turkey in 2019.<ref name="auto4" />
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Denmark}}||<!--Date started-->{{dts|1756}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ees.dk/db/files/praesentationsbrochure_tyrkiet.pdf|title=Danish Business Delegation to Turkey|publisher=Royal Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110601122436/http://www.ees.dk/db/files/praesentationsbrochure_tyrkiet.pdf|archive-date=1 June 2011|url-status=dead|access-date=11 December 2010|quote=Trade between our two countries can be dated centuries back. In 1756 Denmark and The Ottoman Empire signed a treaty on commerce and friendship, which paved the way for closer ties—both human and commercial—between our two people...}}</ref>||See [[Denmark–Turkey relations]]
* [[Denmark]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a consulate general in [[Istanbul]].
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Copenhagen]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kopenhag.be.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Turkish Embassy In Copenhagen|website=kopenhag.be.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref>
*Both countries are members of [[NATO]], [[OECD]] and [[WTO]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 1.88 billion USD in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 1.1/0.81 billion USD).<ref name="auto23">{{cite web | url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-denmark.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Denmark}}</ref>
*70 thousand Turkish citizens reside in Denmark.<ref name="auto23" /> See [[Turks in Denmark]]
*335,877 Danish tourists visited Turkey in 2018.<ref name="auto23" />
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Estonia}}||<!--Date started-->1924<ref name="auto6">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-estonia.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Estonia}}</ref>||See [[Estonia–Turkey relations]]
* [[Estonia]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Tallinn]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tallin.be.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Turkish Embassy In Tallinn|website=tallin.be.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref>
*Both countries are members of [[OECD]], [[NATO]] and [[WTO]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 312 million USD in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 92/220 million USD).<ref name="auto6" />
* 77,041 Estonian tourists visited Turkey in 2019.<ref name="auto6" />
*575 Turkish citizens live in Estonia.<ref name="auto6" />
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Finland}}||<!--Date started-->1924<ref name="auto59">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-finland.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Finland}}</ref>||See [[Finland–Turkey relations]]
* [[Finland]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Helsinki]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://helsinki.be.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Turkish Embassy In Helsinki|website=helsinki.be.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref>
*Both countries are members of [[OECD]], [[NATO]] and [[WTO]]. 
*Turkey did not support [[Accession of Finland to NATO|Finland's accession to NATO]] until March 2023, but accepted its participation.
*Trade volume between the two countries was 1.32 billion USD in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 0.34/0.98 billion USD).<ref name="auto59" />
*13 thousand Turkish citizens reside in Finland.<ref name="auto59" /> See [[Turks in Finland]]
*135,192 Finnish tourists visited Turkey in 2018.<ref name="auto59" />
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|France}}||<!--Date started-->1483<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-france.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and France}}</ref>||See [[France–Turkey relations]]
* [[France]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a consulate general in [[Istanbul]].
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Paris]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://paris.be.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Paris Büyükelçiliği|website=paris.be.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref> and Consulates General in [[Bordeaux]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bordo.bk.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Bordo Başkonsolosluğu|website=bordo.bk.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref> [[Lyon]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lyon.bk.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Liyon Başkonsolosluğu|website=lyon.bk.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref> [[Marseille]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://marsilya.bk.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Marsilya Başkonsolosluğu|website=marsilya.bk.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref> [[Nantes]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nant.bk.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı T.C. Nant Başkonsolosluğu|website=nant.bk.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref> and [[Strasbourg]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://strazburg.bk.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Strazburg Başkonsolosluğu|website=strazburg.bk.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref>
*Both countries are members of [[G20]], [[NATO]], [[OECD]] and [[WTO]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 13.4 billion USD in 2015 (Turkish exports/imports: 5.8/7.6 billion USD).<ref name="auto150">{{cite web | url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-france.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and France}}</ref>
*650 thousand Turkish citizens reside in France and 3,152 French citizens reside in Turkey.<ref name="auto150" />
*875,957 French tourists visited Turkey in 2019.<ref name="auto150" />
*[[Yunus Emre Institute]] has a local branch in [[Paris]].
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Germany}}||<!--Date started-->1790<ref name=":9">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-the-federal-republic-of-germany.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Germany}}</ref>||See [[Germany–Turkey relations]]
* [[Germany]]  has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and Consulates General in [[Antalya]], [[Istanbul]] and [[İzmir]].
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Embassy of Turkey, Berlin|Berlin]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://berlin.be.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Berlin Büyükelçiliği|website=berlin.be.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref> and Consulates General in [[Cologne]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://koln.bk.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Köln Başkonsolosluğu|website=koln.bk.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref> [[Düsseldorf]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dusseldorf.bk.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Düsseldorf Başkonsolosluğu|website=dusseldorf.bk.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref> [[Essen]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://essen.bk.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Essen Başkonsolosluğu|website=essen.bk.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref> [[Frankfurt]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://frankfurt.bk.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Frankfurt Başkonsolosluğu|website=frankfurt.bk.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref> [[Hamburg]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hamburg.bk.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Hamburg Başkonsolosluğu|website=hamburg.bk.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref> [[Hanover]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hannover.bk.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Hannover Başkonsolosluğu|website=hannover.bk.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref> [[Karlsruhe]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://karlsruhe.bk.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı T.C. Karlsruhe Başkonsolosluğu|website=karlsruhe.bk.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref> [[Mainz]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mainz.bk.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Mainz Başkonsolosluğu|website=mainz.bk.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref> [[Munich]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://munih.bk.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Münih Başkonsolosluğu|website=munih.bk.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref> [[Münster]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://munster.bk.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Münster Başkonsolosluğu|website=munster.bk.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref> [[Nuremberg]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nurnberg.bk.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Nürnberg Başkonsolosluğu|website=nurnberg.bk.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref> and [[Stuttgart]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stuttgart.bk.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Stuttgart Başkonsolosluğu|website=stuttgart.bk.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref>
*Both countries are members of [[G20]], [[NATO]], [[OECD]] and [[WTO]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 35.9 billion USD in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 16.6/19.3 billion USD).<ref name="auto3">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/commercial-and-economic-relations-between-turkey-and-the-federal-republic-of-germany.en.mfa |title=Commercial and Economic Relations between Turkey and the Federal Republic of Germany}}</ref>
*3 million people of Turkish origin reside in Germany.<ref name=":9" />
*5,027,472 German tourists visited Turkey in 2019.<ref name="auto3" />
*Relations with Turkey significantly deteriorated after the [[2016–17 Turkish purges]] and Turkey's turn to authoritarianism including the arrest of journalists such as [[Die Welt]]'s [[Deniz Yücel]].
*[[Yunus Emre Institute]] has local branches in [[Berlin]] and [[Cologne]].
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Greece}}||24 August 1833<ref name="Greece Liberated: Ottoman Empire"/>||See [[Greece-Turkey relations]]
[[File:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and George Papandreou, Turkey November 2009.jpg|thumb|left|Greek Prime Minister [[George Papandreou]] and Turkish Prime Minister [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] in [[Ankara]], November 2009]]
* [[Greece]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and Consulates General in [[Edirne]], [[Istanbul]] and [[İzmir]].
*[[Turkey]] has an embassy in [[Athens]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://atina.be.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Turkish Embassy In Athens|website=atina.be.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref> and Consulates General in [[Komotini]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gumulcine.bk.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Gümülcine Başkonsolosluğu|website=gumulcine.bk.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref> [[Piraeus]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://atinapire.bk.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Turkish Consulate General In Athens|website=atinapire.bk.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref> [[Rhodes, Greece|Rhodes]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rodos.bk.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Rodos Başkonsolosluğu|website=rodos.bk.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref> and [[Thessaloniki]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://selanik.bk.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Selanik Başkonsolosluğu|website=selanik.bk.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref>
*Both countries are members of [[BSEC]], [[OECD]], [[NATO]] and [[WTO]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 4.18 billion USD in 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-greece.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Greece}}</ref>
*150 thousand muslims that Turkey claims are "ethnic Turks" reside in Western Thrace, Greece.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkish-minority-of-western-thrace.en.mfa |title=Turkish Minority of Western Thrace}}</ref>
* 836,882 [[Greece|Greek]] tourists visited [[Turkey]] in 2019.
*Turkey and Greece have clashed for decades over the status of [[List of islands of Greece#North Aegean Islands|Aegean islands]] and over the extent of territorial waters and airspace. In February 1999, the discovery that Greek authorities had been aiding and abetting [[Abdullah Öcalan]], [[Turkey]]'s most wanted criminal, caused a diplomatic crisis. When [[Abdullah Öcalan]] was captured by [[Turkey|Turkish]] authorities, he was found holding Greek and Cypriot passports and he later revealed that he had been hiding in the Greek Embassy in [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]]. Relations have since improved, particularly following the earthquakes that struck both countries in 1999.
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Holy See}}||<!--Date started-->1960<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-the-holy-see.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and the Holy See}}</ref>||See [[Holy See–Turkey relations]]
* The [[Holy See]] has a [[nunciature]] in [[Ankara]].
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Rome]] accredited to the [[Holy See]].
* Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2018.
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Hungary }}||<!--Date started-->1521<ref>{{cite book|author=Miklós Molnár|title=A Concise History of Hungary|url=https://archive.org/details/concisehistoryof00moln|url-access=registration|year=2001|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-66736-4|page=[https://archive.org/details/concisehistoryof00moln/page/46 46]}}</ref>||See [[Hungary–Turkey relations]]
*[[Hungary]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a consulate general in [[Istanbul]].
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Budapest]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://budapeste.be.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Turkish Embassy in Budapest|website=budapeste.be.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref>
*Both countries are members of [[NATO]], [[OECD]] and [[WTO]]. Hungary is an observer in the [[Turkic Council]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 2.5 billion USD in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 1.16/1.4 billion USD).<ref name="auto137">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-hungary.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Hungary}}</ref>
* 149,523 [[Hungary|Hungarian]] tourists visited Turkey in 2019.
*2,600 Turkish citizens reside in Hungary.<ref name="auto137" />
*[[Yunus Emre Institute]] has a local branch in [[Budapest]].
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Iceland}}||<!--Date started-->17 June 1944<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/izlandanin-siyasi-gorunumu.tr.mfa |title=İzlanda'nın Siyasi Görünümü}}</ref>||See [[Iceland–Turkey relations]]
*Bilateral relations between Turkey and [[Iceland]] are being coordinated by the Embassy of the Republic of Turkey in [[Oslo]] and the Embassy of [[Iceland]] in [[Copenhagen]].<ref name="auto29">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-iceland.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Iceland}}</ref>
*Both countries are members of [[NATO]], [[OECD]] and [[WTO]].<ref name="auto29" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 51 million USD in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 24/27 million USD).<ref name="auto29" />
*100 Turkish citizens reside in Iceland.<ref name="auto29" />
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Ireland}}||2 October 1951<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dáil Éireann debate -Wednesday, 10 Feb 1960 Vol. 179 No. 1 Written Answers. - Irish Diplomatic Missions and Consular Offices. |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1960-02-10/72/ |access-date=19 October 2023 |website=oireachtas.ie}}</ref>||See [[Ireland–Turkey relations]]
* [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Dublin]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dublin.be.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Embassy of the Republic of Turkey|website=dublin.be.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref>
*Both countries are members of [[OECD]] and [[WTO]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 1.5 billion USD in 2017 (Turkish exports/imports: 528/970 million USD).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/commercial-and-economic-relations-between-turkey-and-ireland.en.mfa |title=Commercial and Economic Relations between Turkey and Ireland}}</ref>
*1,800 Turkish citizens reside in [[Ireland]].<ref name="auto17">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-ireland.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Ireland}}</ref>
*118,620 Irish tourists visited Turkey in 2011.<ref name="auto17" />
*[[Yunus Emre Institute]] has a local branch in [[Dublin]].
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Italy}}||25 September 1856<ref name="books.google.com"/>||See [[Italy–Turkey relations]]
* [[Italy]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and Consulates General in [[Istanbul]] and [[İzmir]].
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Embassy of Turkey, Rome|Rome]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://roma.be.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Ambasciata della Repubblica di Turchia a Roma|website=roma.be.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref> and a consulate general in [[Milan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://milano.bk.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Milano Başkonsolosluğu|website=milano.bk.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref>
*Both countries are members of [[G20]], [[NATO]], [[OECD]] and [[WTO]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 19.7 billion USD in 2017 (Turkish exports/imports: 8.47/11.3 billion USD).
*205,788 Italian tourists visited Turkey in 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/commercial-and-economic-relations-between-turkey-and-italy.en.mfa |title=Commercial and Economic Relations between Turkey and Italy}}</ref>
*[[Yunus Emre Institute]] has a local branch in [[Rome]].
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Kosovo }}||<!--Date started-->18 Feb. 2008<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-kosova-siyasi-iliskileri-.tr.mfa |title=Türkiye – Kosova İlişkileri}}</ref>||See [[Kosovo–Turkey relations]]
* [[Kosovo]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a consulate general in [[Istanbul]].
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Pristina]] and a consulate general in [[Prizren]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 249 million USD in 2015 (Turkish exports/imports: 241/7 million USD).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-kosovo_.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Kosovo}}</ref>
*[[Yunus Emre Institute]] has local branches in [[Peja]], [[Pristina]] and [[Prizren]].
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Latvia}}||<!--Date started-->1925<ref name="auto159">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-latvia.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Latvia}}</ref>||See [[Latvia–Turkey relations]]
* [[Latvia]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Riga]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://riga.be.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Turkish Embassy In Riga|website=riga.be.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref>
*Both countries are members of [[OECD]], [[NATO]] and [[WTO]].
*200 Turkish citizens reside in Latvia.<ref name="auto159" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 291 million USD in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 126/165 million USD).<ref name="auto159" />
* 86,051 [[Latvia]]n tourists visited Turkey in 2019.
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Liechtenstein}}||{{Dts|2 October 1992}}<ref name=":11" />||
*Bilateral relations between Turkey and Liechtenstein are being coordinated by the Embassies of the Republic of Turkey and Liechtenstein in [[Bern]].<ref name="auto88">{{cite web |title=Relations between Turkey and Liechtenstein |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-liechtenstein.en.mfa}}</ref>
*Both countries are members of [[WTO]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 7 million USD in 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/commercial-and-economic-relations-between-turkey-and-liechtenstein.en.mfa |title=Commercial and Economic Relations between Turkey and Liechtenstein}}</ref>
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Lithuania}}||<!--Date started-->1930<ref name="auto151">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-lithuania.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Lithuania}}</ref>||See [[Lithuania–Turkey relations]]
* [[Lithuania]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Vilnius]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vilnius.be.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Turkish Embassy In Vilnius|website=vilnius.be.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref>
*Both countries are members of [[OECD]], [[NATO]] and [[WTO]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 687 million USD in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 277/410 million USD).<ref name="auto151" />
* 229,704 [[Lithuania]]n tourists visited Turkey in 2019.
*350 Turkish citizens reside in Lithuania.<ref name="auto151" />
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Luxembourg}}||10 July 1946<ref>{{cite web |title=Relations between Turkey and Luxembourg (MFA of Turkey) |url=https://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-the-grand-duchy-of-luxembourg.en.mfa}}</ref>||See [[Luxembourg–Turkey relations]]
* [[Luxembourg]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Luxembourg City|Luxembourg]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://luksemburg.be.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Lüksemburg Büyükelçiliği|website=luksemburg.be.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref>
*Both countries are members of [[NATO]], [[OECD]] and [[WTO]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 160 million USD in 2017 (Turkish exports/imports: 36/124 million USD).<ref name="auto154">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-the-grand-duchy-of-luxembourg.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg}}</ref>
*900 Turkish citizens reside in Luxembourg.<ref name="auto154" />
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Malta}}||10 October 1967<ref>{{cite web |title=Congratulations to friendly Republic of Malta on the 57th Anniversary of the Independence Day. |url=https://ne-np.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=4945677355460745&set=a.2151048348257007}}</ref>||See [[Malta–Turkey relations]]
* [[Malta]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a consulate general in [[Istanbul]].
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Valletta]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://valetta.be.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Turkish Embassy in Malta|website=valetta.be.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref>
*Both countries are members of [[WTO]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 593 million USD in 2017 (Turkish exports/imports: 541/52 million USD).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/commercial-and-economic-relations-between-turkey-and-malta.en.mfa |title=Commercial and Economic Relations between Turkey and Malta}}</ref>
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Moldova}}||<!--Date started-->3 Feb. 1992<ref name="auto47">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-moldova.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Moldova}}</ref>||See [[Moldova–Turkey relations]]
* [[Moldova]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a consulate general in [[Istanbul]].
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Chişinău]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kisinev.be.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Kişinev Büyükelçiliği|website=kisinev.be.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref> and a consulate general in [[Comrat]].
*Comrat is the capital of [[Gagauzia]], an autonomous region populated by the [[Gagauz people|Gagauz]], an [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox Christian]] [[Turkic people]], the region hence acting as a bridge to Turkey and Russia.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/turkey-to-continue-supporting-gagauzia-moldova/1965261| title= Turkey to Continue Supporting Gagauzia and Moldova|publisher=Anadolu Agency}}</ref> As a response internal challenges to [[Gagauzia]]’s autonomy, Mikhail Formuzal, President of People's Assembly in [[Comrat]] is seeking Turkey's aid to defend [[Gagauz people|Gagauz]] culture and identity.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://jamestown.org/program/gagauzias-head-urges-russia-turkey-and-azerbaijan-to-be-guarantors-of-its-survival/| title= Gagauzia's Head urges Russia, Turkey and Azerbaijan to be guarantors of its survival| newspaper= Jamestown|publisher=Jamestown Foundation: Global Research and Analysis}}</ref>
*Both countries are members of [[BSEC]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 568 million USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 322/246 million USD).<ref name="auto47" />
*[[Yunus Emre Institute]] has a local branch in [[Comrat]].
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Monaco}}||<!--Date started-->1954<ref name="auto147">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-the-principality-of-monaco.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and the Principality of Monaco}}</ref>||See Monaco–Turkey relations
*Bilateral relations between Turkey and [[Monaco]] are being coordinated by the Consulates General of Turkey and [[Monaco]] in [[Marseille]].<ref name="auto147" />
*Trade volume between the two countries was 15.1 million USD in 2017.<ref name="auto147" />
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Montenegro}}||<!--Date started-->3 July 2006<ref name="auto134">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-montenegro%20.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Montenegro}}</ref>||See [[Montenegro–Turkey relations]]
* [[Montenegro]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a consulate general in [[Istanbul]].
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Podgorica]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://podgorica.be.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Turkish Embassy in Podgorica|website=podgorica.be.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref>
*Trade volume between the two countries was 46 million USD in 2015.<ref name="auto134" />
*[[Yunus Emre Institute]] has a local branch in [[Podgorica]].
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Netherlands}}||<!--Date started-->1612<ref name="mfa.gov.tr">{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-the-netherlands.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and the Netherlands|website=Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Foreign Affairs|access-date=20 December 2020}}</ref>||See [[Netherlands–Turkey relations]]
* [[Netherlands]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a consulate general in [[Istanbul]].
*Turkey has an embassy in [[The Hague]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lahey.be.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Turkish Embassy in The Hague|website=lahey.be.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref> and Consulates General in [[Amsterdam]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://amsterdam.bk.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Turkish Consulate General in Amsterdam|website=amsterdam.bk.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref> [[Deventer]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://deventer.bk.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Consulate General of Deventer|website=deventer.bk.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref> and [[Rotterdam]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rotterdam.bk.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Turkish Consulate General In Rotterdam|website=rotterdam.bk.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref>
*Both countries are members of [[NATO]], [[OECD]] and [[WTO]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 8.97 billion USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 5.76/3.20 billion USD).<ref name="auto140">{{cite web | url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/commercial-and-economic-relations-between-turkey-and-the-netherlands.en.mfa |title=Commercial and Economic Relations between Turkey and the Netherlands}}</ref>
*500 thousand people of Turkish origin reside in the Netherlands.<ref name="auto140" />
*1,117,290 Dutch tourists visited Turkey in 2019.<ref name="auto140" />
*[[Yunus Emre Institute]] has a local branch in [[Amsterdam]].
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|North Macedonia}}||<!--Date started-->26 Aug. 1992.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mfa.gov.mk/default1.aspx?ItemID=310|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930040551/http://www.mfa.gov.mk/default1.aspx?ItemID=310|title=Министерство за надворешни работи|archive-date=30 September 2011|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}</ref>||See [[North Macedonia–Turkey relations]]
* [[North Macedonia]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a consulate general in [[Istanbul]].
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Skopje]] and a consulate general in [[Bitola]].
*Both countries are members of [[NATO]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 503 million USD in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 396/107 million USD).<ref name="auto63">{{cite web | url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/makedonya-cumhuriyeti-ekonomisi.tr.mfa |title=Kuzey Makedonya Cumhuriyeti'nin Ekonomisi}}</ref>
*209,519 Macedonian tourists visited Turkey in 2018.<ref name="auto63" />
*[[Yunus Emre Institute]] has a local branch in [[Skopje]].
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Norway}}||<!--Date started-->1926<ref name="auto126">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-norway.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Norway}}</ref>||See [[Norway-Turkey relations]]
* [[Norway]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a consulate general in [[Istanbul]].
*Both countries are members of [[NATO]], [[OECD]] and [[WTO]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 1.28 billion USD in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 513/765 million USD).<ref name="auto126" />
*20 thousand Turkish citizens reside in [[Norway]] .<ref name="auto126" />
* 208,330 Norwegian tourists visited Turkey in 2019.<ref name="auto126" />
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Poland}}||<!--Date started-->1414<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-poland.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Poland}}</ref> ||See [[Poland–Turkey relations]]
* [[Poland]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a consulate general in [[Istanbul]].
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Warsaw]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://varsova.be.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Turkish Embassy In Warsaw|website=varsova.be.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref>
*Both countries are members of [[NATO]], [[OECD]] and [[WTO]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 6.45 billion USD in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 3.34/3.34 billion USD).<ref name="auto135">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/commercial-and-economic-relations-between-turkey-and-poland.en.mfa |title=Commercial and Economic Relations between Turkey and Poland}}</ref>
*880,839 [[Poland|Polish]] tourists visited Turkey in 2018.<ref name="auto135" />
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
See also [[Polonezköy]]
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Portugal}}||<!--Date started-->1843<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-portugal.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Portugal}}</ref> ||See [[Portugal–Turkey relations]]
* [[Portugal]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]].
*[[Turkey]] has an embassy in [[Lisbon]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lizbon.be.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Lisboa|website=lizbon.be.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref>
*Both countries are members of [[NATO]], [[OECD]] and [[WTO]]. [[Turkey]] is an observer in [[Lusophone Commonwealth]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 1.5 billion USD in 2017 (Turkish exports/imports: 811/684 million USD).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/commercial-and-economic-relations-between-turkey-and-portugal.en.mfa |title=Commercial and Economic Relations between Turkey and Portugal}}</ref>
* 54,130 [[Portugal|Portuguese]] tourists visited Turkey in 2019.
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Romania}}||<!--Date started-->22 Oct. 1879<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mae.ro/bilateral-relations/1746 |title=Republic of Turkey: Bilateral Relations}}</ref>||See [[Romania–Turkey relations]]
* [[Romania]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and Consulates General in [[Istanbul]] and [[İzmir]].
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Bucharest]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bukres.be.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Turkish Embassy In Bucharest|website=bukres.be.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref> and a consulate general in [[Constanţa]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kostence.bk.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Köstence Başkonsolosluğu|website=kostence.bk.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref>
*Both countries are members of [[BSEC]], [[NATO]] and [[WTO]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 5.4 billion USD in 2015 (Turkish exports/imports: 2.8/2.6 billion USD).<ref name="auto66">{{cite web | url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-romania.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Romania}}</ref>
*763,320 [[Romania]]n tourists visited Turkey in 2019.<ref name="auto66" />
*[[Yunus Emre Institute]] has local branches in [[Bucharest]] and [[Constanța]].
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Russia}}||<!--Date started-->1699<ref>{{cite book|author=Edward J. Phillips|title=The Founding of Russia's Navy: Peter the Great and the Azov Fleet, 1688–1714|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AwK3pQaf5EYC|year=1995|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-29520-1|page=113}}</ref>||See [[Russia–Turkey relations]]
[[File:Putin meets Erdogan (2024-06-03) (1).jpg|thumb|President [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan|Erdoğan]] meets with Russian President [[Vladimir Putin]] in July 2024]]
* [[Russia]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and Consulates General in [[Antalya]], [[Istanbul]] and [[Trabzon]].
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Moscow]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://moskova.be.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Moskova Büyükelçiliği|website=moskova.be.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref> and Consulates General in [[Kazan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kazan.bk.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Kazan Başkonsolosluğu|website=kazan.bk.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref> [[Novorossiysk]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://novorossisk.bk.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Novorossisk Başkonsolosluğu|website=novorossisk.bk.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref> and [[Saint Petersburg]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stpetersburg.bk.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı St. Petersburg Başkonsolosluğu|website=stpetersburg.bk.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref>
*Both countries are members of [[BSEC]], [[G20]] and [[WTO]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 26.3 billion USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 3.85/22.4 billion USD).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-the-russian-federation.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and the Russian Federation}}</ref>
* 7,017,657 [[Russia]]n tourists visited Turkey in 2019.
*[[Yunus Emre Institute]] has local branches in [[Kazan]] and [[Moscow]].
|{{no|X}}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Serbia}}||<!--Date started-->1879<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-issues/96-bilateral-issues/12380-turkey|title=Turkey|website=mfa.gov.rs}}</ref>||See [[Serbia–Turkey relations]]
* [[Serbia]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a consulate general in [[Istanbul]].
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Belgrade]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://belgrad.be.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Turkish Embassy In Belgrade|website=belgrad.be.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref>
*Both countries are members of [[BSEC]], [[Central European Free Trade Agreement]] and [[WTO]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 731 million USD in 2015 (Turkish exports/imports: 493/328 million USD).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-serbia%20.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Serbia}}</ref>
* 282,347[[Serbia]]n tourists visited Turkey in 2019.
*[[Yunus Emre Institute]] has a local branch in [[Belgrade]].
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Slovakia}}||<!--Date started-->1993<ref name="auto44">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-slovakia.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Slovakia}}</ref>||See [[Slovakia–Turkey relations]]
* [[Slovakia]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a consulate general in [[Istanbul]].
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Bratislava]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bratislava.be.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Turkish Embassy In Bratislava|website=bratislava.be.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref>
*Both countries are members of [[OECD]], [[NATO]] and [[WTO]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 1.29 billion USD in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 532/767 million USD).<ref name="auto44" />
* 207,108 Slovak tourists visited Turkey in 2019.<ref name="auto44" />
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Slovenia}}||<!--Date started-->6 Feb. 1992<ref name="auto155">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-slovenia.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Slovenia}}</ref>||See [[Slovenia–Turkey relations]]
* [[Slovenia]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a consulate general in [[Istanbul]].
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Ljubljana]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ljubljana.be.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Turkish Embassy In Ljubljana|website=ljubljana.be.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref>
*Both countries are members of [[OECD]], [[NATO]] and [[WTO]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 1.15 million USD in 2015.<ref name="auto155" />
* 50,414 [[Slovenia]]n tourists visited Turkey in 2019.
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Spain}}||<!--Date started-->1782<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-spain.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Spain}}</ref>||See [[Spain–Turkey relations]]
* [[Spain]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a consulate general in [[Istanbul]].
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Madrid]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://madrid.be.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Madrid Büyükelçiliği|website=madrid.be.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref> and a consulate general in [[Barcelona]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://barselona.bk.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Barselona Başkonsolosluğu|website=barselona.bk.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref>
*Both countries are members of [[OECD]], [[NATO]] and [[WTO]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 12.7 billion USD in 2017 (Turkish exports/imports: 6.3/6.4 billion USD).<ref name="auto73">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/commercial-and-economic-relations-between-turkey-and-spain.en.mfa |title=Commercial and Economic Relations between Turkey and Spain}}</ref>
*257,342 Spanish tourists visited Turkey in 2019.<ref name="auto73" />
*[[Yunus Emre Institute]] has a local branch in [[Madrid]].
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Sweden}}||<!--Date started-->1603<ref name="auto97">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-sweden.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Sweden}}</ref>||See [[Sweden–Turkey relations]]
* [[Sweden]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a consulate general in [[Istanbul]].
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Stockholm]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stokholm.be.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Embassy of the Republic of Turkey in Stockholm|website=stokholm.be.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref>
*Both countries are members of [[OECD]], [[NATO]] and [[WTO]]. 
*Turkey did not support [[Accession of Sweden to NATO|Sweden's accession to NATO]] until January 2024, but accepted its participation.
*Trade volume between the two countries was 3.2 billion USD in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 1.5/1.7 billion USD).<ref name="auto97" />
*115 thousand people of Turkish origin reside in Sweden.<ref name="auto97" /> See also [[Turks in Sweden]]
*444,285 Swedish tourists visited Turkey in 2019.<ref name="auto97" />
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Switzerland}}||<!--Date started-->1899<ref name="auto21">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-switzerland.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Switzerland}}</ref>||See [[Switzerland–Turkey relations]]
* [[Switzerland]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a consulate general in [[Istanbul]].
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Bern]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bern.be.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Turkish Embassy In Bern|website=bern.be.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref> and Consulates General in [[Geneva]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cenevre.bk.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Cenevre Başkonsolosluğu|website=cenevre.bk.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref> and [[Zürich]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zurih.bk.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Zürih Başkonsolosluğu|website=zurih.bk.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref>
*Both countries are members of [[OECD]] and [[WTO]].
*Trade volume between the two countries was 4.41 billion USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 1.04/3.38 billion USD).<ref name=":10">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/commercial-and-economic-relations-between-turkey-and-switzerland.en.mfa |title=Commercial and Economic Relations between Turkey and Switzerland}}</ref>
*130 thousand Turkish citizens reside in [[Switzerland]].<ref name="auto21" />
*314,572 Swiss tourists visited Turkey in 2019.<ref name=":10" />
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Ukraine}}||<!--Date started-->3 Feb. 1992<ref name="auto42">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-ukraine.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and Ukraine}}</ref>||See [[Turkey–Ukraine relations]]
* [[Ukraine]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and Consulates General in [[Antalya]] and [[Istanbul]].
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Kyiv]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kiev.be.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Turkish Embassy In Kyiv|website=kiev.be.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref> and a consulate general in [[Odesa]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://odessa.bk.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Odessa Başkonsolosluğu}}</ref>
*Both countries are members of [[WTO]]. 
* Turkey supports Ukraine's [[NATO]] membership.
*Trade volume between the two countries was 4.8 billion USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 2.1/2.72 billion USD).<ref name="auto42" />
* 1,547,996 [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] tourists visited Turkey in 2019.<ref name="auto42" />
*[[Yunus Emre Institute]] has a local branch in [[Kyiv]].
| {{yes-no|Pending Ratification}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/ekonomi/turkiye-ukrayna-serbest-ticaret-anlasmasi-is-insanlarina-yeni-is-birligi-kapilari-acacak/2500650 |title=Türkiye-Ukrayna Serbest Ticaret Anlaşması iş insanlarına yeni iş birliği kapıları açacak |publisher=Aa.com.tr |date=2019-11-13 |accessdate=2022-06-29}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|United Kingdom }}||2 September 1924<ref>{{cite web|title=Embassy|url=https://london-emb.mfa.gov.tr/Mission/About|website=[[Embassy of Turkey, London|Republic of Türkiye {{!}} Turkish Embassy in London]]|access-date=15 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216215725/https://london-emb.mfa.gov.tr/Mission/About|archive-date=16 February 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>||See [[Turkey–United Kingdom relations]][[File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer attends NATO Summit (53850724928).jpg|thumb|Turkish President [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan|Erdoğan]] and British Prime Minister [[Keir Starmer]] at the [[2024 Washington summit|2024 NATO Summit]] in Washington, D.C.]]
*The United Kingdom is accredited to Turkey through its embassy in [[Ankara]], a consulate general in [[Istanbul]], and an honorary vice consulate in [[Antalya]]. The United Kingdom also has a consulate in [[İzmir]], and honorary consulates in [[Bodrum]], [[Fethiye]], and [[Marmaris]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-embassy-ankara|title=British Embassy Ankara|website=[[gov.uk|GOV.UK]]|access-date=15 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514161240/https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-embassy-ankara|archive-date=14 May 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
*Turkey has an embassy in [[London]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://londra.be.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Turkish Embassy In London|website=londra.be.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref> and a consulate general in [[Edinburgh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://edinburg.bk.mfa.gov.tr/Mission|title=T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Turkish Consulate General in Edinburgh|website=edinburg.bk.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref>
*Both countries are members of the [[Council of Europe]], [[G20]], [[NATO]], [[OECD]], [[OSCE]], and [[WTO]].
*Bilaterally the two countries have a [[Turkey–United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement|Free Trade Agreement]],<ref>{{cite web|last1=Pitel|first1=Laura|last2=Payne|first2=Sebastian|title=UK and Turkey to sign free trade deal this week|url=https://www.ft.com/content/f7a8a311-c149-4454-92f3-905df1e72e86|website=[[Financial Times]]|date=27 December 2020|access-date=26 February 2024|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404174249/https://www.ft.com/content/f7a8a311-c149-4454-92f3-905df1e72e86|archive-date=4 April 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/otheriia/3042/turkey---united-kingdom-bit-1991-|title=Turkey - United Kingdom BIT (1991)|website=[[UN Trade and Development]]|access-date=18 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818210912/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/otheriia/3042/turkey---united-kingdom-bit-1991-|archive-date=18 August 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>
*Trade volume between the two countries was 13.9 billion USD in 2011.<ref name="auto25">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-the-united-kingdom.en.mfa |title=Relations between Turkey and the United Kingdom}}</ref>
*250 thousand Turkish citizens reside in the [[United Kingdom]].<ref name="auto25" />
*2,562,064 [[United Kingdom|British]] tourists visited Turkey in 2019.<ref name="auto25" />
*[[Yunus Emre Institute]] has a local branch in [[London]].
|{{yes|√}}<ref name="auto82" />
|}

==International organizations==
{{Main|Turkey and International Organizations}}
{{colbegin|colwidth=18em}}
*[[Association of Southeast Asian Nations|ASEAN]] (Sectoral Dialogue Partner)
*[[Asia Cooperation Dialogue|ACD]]
*[[Asian Development Bank|ADB]]
*[[Australia Group]]
*[[Bank for International Settlements|BIS]]
*[[Black Sea Naval Force]]
*[[Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation|BSEC]]
*[[Council of Europe|CE]]
*[[Community of Portuguese Language Countries]] (observer)
*[[D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation|Developing-8]]
*[[European Bank for Reconstruction and Development|EBRD]]
*[[G20]]
*[[International Atomic Energy Agency|IAEA]]
*[[International Bank for Reconstruction and Development|IBRD]]
*[[International Energy Agency]]
*[[NATO]]
*[[Nuclear Energy Agency|NEA]]
*[[Nuclear Suppliers Group|NSG]]
*[[OECD]]
*[[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation|OIC]]
*[[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe|OSCE]]
*[[Turkic Council]]
*[[TURKPA]]
*[[International Organization of Turkic Culture|TÜRKSOY]]
*[[Union for the Mediterranean|UfM]]
{{colend}}

Turkey is a founding member of the UN (1945),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/Overview/growth.htm |title=Member States of the United Nations |publisher=United Nations |access-date=28 September 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117212320/http://www.un.org/Overview/growth.htm |archive-date=17 January 2016 }}</ref> the [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] (1961),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oecd.org/document/48/0,2340,en_2649_201185_1876912_1_1_1_1,00.html |title=Organisation for European Economic Co-operation |publisher=Oecd.org |access-date=28 September 2010}}</ref> the [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]] (1969),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oic-oci.org/english/main/member-States.htm |title=The organization of Islamic Confernce |access-date=30 October 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061109030135/http://www.oic-oci.org/english/main/member-States.htm |archive-date=9 November 2006 }}</ref> the [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe]] (OSCE) (1973),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.osce.org/about/13131.html#T |title=About – Participating States |publisher=OSCE |access-date=28 September 2010}}</ref> and the [[G20 industrial nations]] (1999). Turkey is a member state of the [[Council of Europe]] (1949) and [[NATO]] (1952) as well as being in [[Accession of Turkey to the European Union|full accession negotiations]] with the [[European Union]] since 2005, having been an associate member since 1963. Turkey was also an associate member of the [[Western European Union]] from 1992 to 2011, and signed the [[EU-Turkey Customs Union|E.U. Customs Union]] agreement in 1995.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-11 |title=EU trade relations with Türkiye |url=https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/countries-and-regions/turkiye_en |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=policy.trade.ec.europa.eu |language=en}}</ref>

Turkey entered NATO in 1952 and serves as the organization's vital eastern anchor, controlling the [[Turkish Straits]] which lead from the [[Black Sea]] to the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] and sharing a border with [[Syria]], Iraq, and [[Iran]]. A NATO headquarters is located in [[İzmir]], and the United States has maintained air forces at the [[Incirlik Air Base]] in the province of [[Adana Province|Adana]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=NATO Headquarters Allied Land Command Izmir Assumption of Command Ceremony |url=https://www.incirlik.af.mil/News/Photos/igphoto/2001559538/ |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=www.incirlik.af.mil}}</ref>

Turkey is also a member of the [[World Trade Organization]] (WTO) since 1995. It has signed free trade agreements with the [[European Free Trade Association]] (EFTA), Israel, and many other countries. In 1992, Turkey and 10 other regional nations formed the [[BSEC]] to expand regional trade and economic cooperation. In 2017, [[ASEAN]]-Turkey Sectoral Dialogue Partnership<ref>{{cite web|url=https://asean.org/storage/2018/07/Overview-of-ASEAN-Turkey-Sectoral-Dialogue-Relations-as-of-18-Sept-2020-fn.pdf|title=Archived copy|access-date=15 January 2021|archive-date=1 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201152339/https://asean.org/storage/2018/07/Overview-of-ASEAN-Turkey-Sectoral-Dialogue-Relations-as-of-18-Sept-2020-fn.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> was recognized by the 50th ASEAN Foreign Ministers' Meeting in [[Manila]], [[Philippines]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mfa.gov.tr/asean.en.mfa |title=Turkey's Relations with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) / Rep. of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs |website=www.mfa.gov.tr |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309144229/http://www.mfa.gov.tr/asean.en.mfa |archive-date=2012-03-09}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Turkey|Politics}}
* [[List of diplomatic missions in Turkey]]
* [[List of diplomatic missions of Turkey]]
* [[Turkey's membership of international organizations]]
* [[Visa requirements for Turkish citizens]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{CIA World Factbook}}

==Further reading==
===European Union–Turkey relations===
* Aybet, Gülnur. ''Turkey's Foreign Policy and Its Implications for the West: A Turkish Perspective''. London: Royal United Services Institute for Defence Studies, 1994.
* Aydin-Duzgit, Senem and Keyman, Fuat, "EU–Turkey Relations and the Stagnation of Turkish Democracy," IAI/IPC, Global Turkey in Europe, Working Paper 2 (2012).
* Barchard, David. "Turkey and the West." (Chatham House Papers, No. 27, published for the Royal Institute of International Affairs.) London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1985.
* Cakir, A.E. (ed.), ''Fifty Years of EU–Turkey Relations'' (Oxon: Routledge, 2011).
* Dixon, Jeffrey C., "Turkey, Islam and the EU," ''Contexts'', 8.4 (2009).
* Engert, Stefan, ''EU Enlargement and Socialization: Turkey and Cyprus'' (New York: Routledge, 2010).
* Esfahani, Hadi Salehi and Ceviker-Gurakar, Esra, "Fading Attraction: Turkey's Shifting Relationship with the European Union," ''The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance'', 53.4 (November 2013).
* Fuller, Graham E. ''Turkey's New Geopolitics: From the Balkans to Western China''. (A Rand Study.) Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1993.
* Gocek, Fatma Muge. ''East Encounters West: France and the Ottoman Empire in the 18th Century''. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.
* Goffman, Daniel. ''Izmir and the Levantine World, 1550–1650''. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1990.
* International Crisis Group, "Turkey and Europe: The Way Ahead," Europe Report No. 184 (17 August 2007).
* Kramer, Heinz, ''A Changing Turkey: A Challenge to Europe and the US'' (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2000).
* Kubicek, Paul, "Turkey's Inclusion in the Atlantic Community: Looking Back, Looking Forward," ''Turkish Studies'', 9.1 (March 2008).
* Kuniholm, Bruce R. "Turkey and the West," ''Foreign Affairs'', 70, No. 2, Spring 1991, pp.&nbsp;34–48.
* Kuniholm, Bruce R., "Turkey and NATO," in Kaplan, L., Clawson, R. and Luraghi, R. (eds.), ''NATO and the Mediterranean'' (Wilmington: Scholarly Resources, 1985).
* McGhee, George C. "Turkey Joins the West." ''Foreign Affairs'', July 1954, pp.&nbsp;617–30.
* Oguzlu, Tarik, "Turkey and Europeanization of Foreign Policy?" ''Political Science Quarterly'', 125.4 (Winter 2010/2011).
* Pierini, Marc, "Options for the EU–Turkey Relationship," Carnegie Europe, 3 May 2019.
* Pierini, Marc and Ulgen, Sinan, "A Moment of Opportunity in the EU–Turkey Relationship," Carnegie Europe (Brussels, December 2014).
* Reuther, Helmut (ed.). ''Deutschlands Aussenpolitik seit 1955''. With a contribution by Franz von Cancig, "Die Türkei, Griechenland und die deutsche Aussenpolitik." Stuttgart-Degerloch: Seewald Verlag, 1965.
* Steinbach, Udo. "Turkey-ECC Relations: Cultural Dimension." pp.&nbsp;13–24 in Erol Manisali, ed., ''Turkey's Place in Europe: Economic, Political, and Cultural Dimensions''. Istanbul: Ucer, 1990.
* Tocci, Nathalie, "New Doubts and Uncertainties in Turkey–EU Relations," Paper, Centre for European Policy Studies (October 2000).
* Narbone, Luigi and Tocci, Nathalie, "Running Around in Circles? The Cyclical Relationship Between Turkey and the European Union," in Verney, S. and Infantis, K. (eds.), ''Turkey's Road to European Union Membership: National Identity and Political Change'' (London: Routledge, 2009).

===Greece–Turkey relations===
* "Der Zypern-Konflikt, eine Bewahrungsprobe westlicher Friedensordnung." Europa-Archiv, 1964, pp.&nbsp;713–26.
* Bahcheli, Tozun. ''Greek–Turkish Relations since 1955''. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1990.
* Balci, Ali, "Foreign Policy as Politicking in the Sarikiz Coup Plot: Cyprus Between the Coup Plotters and the JDP," ''Middle East Critique'', 21.2 (Summer 2012).
* Brus, Marcel et al., "A Promise to Keep: Time to End the International Isolation of the Turkish Cypriots," TESEV, Foreign Policy Analysis Series, No. 7 (Istanbul, June 2008).
* Couloumbis, Theodore A. ''The United States, Greece, and Turkey: The Troubled Triangle''. New York: Praeger, 1983.
* Engert, Stefan, ''EU Enlargement and Socialization: Turkey and Cyprus'' (New York: Routledge, 2010).
* Ertekün, Necati M. ''The Cyprus Dispute and the Birth of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus''. Nicosia, Northern Cyprus: Rustem, 1984.
* International Crisis Group, "Reunifying Cyprus: The Best Chance Yet," Europe Report No. 194 (23 June 2008).
* International Crisis Group, "The Cyprus Stalemate: What Next?" Europe Report No. 171 (8 March 2006).
* Migdalovitz, Carol, "Cyprus: Status of U.N. Negotiations and Related Issues," CRS Report (Washington, DC, 20 July 2007).
* Ozcan, Gencer, "The Military and the Making of Foreign Policy in Turkey," in Kirisci, K. and Rubin, B. (eds.), ''Turkey in World Politics: An Emerging Multiregional Power'' (London: Lynne Rienner, 2001).
* Pipinelis, Panayotis. "The Greco-Turkish Feud Revived." ''Foreign Affairs'', January 1959, pp.&nbsp;306–16.
* Psomiades, Harry J. ''The Eastern Question: The Last Phase. A Study in Greek Turkish Diplomacy''. Salonika (Greece): Institute for Balkan Studies, 1968.
* Qicek, Kemal. "Living Together: Muslim-Christian Relations in 18th-Century Cyprus as Reflected by the Shari'a Court Record," ''Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations'' [Birmingham, United Kingdom], 4, No. 1, 1993.
* Sozen, Ahmet, "The Cyprus Challenge in Turkey–EU Relations: Heading Towards the Defining Moment?" in Cengiz, F. and Hoffmann, L. (eds.), ''Turkey and the European Union: Facing New Challenges and Opportunities'' (London: Routledge, 2014).
* Stearns, Monteagle. ''Entangled Allies: US Policy toward Greece, Turkey, and Cyprus''. New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1992.
* Turkeş, Alpaslan. ''Dış Politikamız ve Kıbrıs'' (''Our Foreign Policy and Cyprus''). Istanbul: Publication of the Istanbul Cypriote-Turkish Society, 1966.

===Middle East–Turkey relations===
* Ayoob, Mohammed, "Beyond the Democratic Wave in the Arab World: The Middle East's Turko-Persian Future," ''Insight Turkey'', 13.2 (2011).
* Bank, André and Karadag, Roy, "The 'Ankara Moment': The Politics of Turkey's Regional Power in the Middle East," ''Third World Quarterly'', 34.2 (2013).
* Bengio, Ofra and Ozcan, Gencer, "Old Grievances, New Fears: Arab Perceptions of Turkey and Its Alignment with Israel," ''Middle Eastern Studies'', 37.2 (April 2001).
* Bolukbasi, Suha. "Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and the Euphrates Dam," ''Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies'', 16, No. 4, June 1993, pp.&nbsp;9–32.
* Brummett, Palmira. ''Ottoman Seapower and Levantine Diplomacy in the Age of Discovery''. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1994.
* Burton, J.A. "Relations Between the Khanate of Bukhara and Ottoman Turkey, 1558–1702," ''International Journal of Turkish Studies'', 5, 1990–91, pp.&nbsp;83–103.
* Fuller, Graham, The New Turkish Republic: Turkey as a Pivotal State in the Muslim World (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace, 2008).
* Haddad, Benjamin, "Time for Turkey and Europe to Face Reality: Turkey Is Not Going to Join the EU. And That Is OK," ''Foreign Policy'', 23 May 3016.
* Nafi, Basheer M., "The Arabs and Modern Turkey: A Century of Changing Perceptions," ''Insight Turkey'', 11.1 (2009).
* Hale, William M. "Turkey, the Middle East, and the Gulf Crisis," ''International Affairs'' [London], 68, No. 2, Spring 1992, pp.&nbsp;679–692.
* International Crisis Group, "Turkey and the Middle East: Ambitions and Constraints," Europe Report No. 203 (7 April 2010).
* Jennings, Ronald C. ''Christians and Muslims in Ottoman Cyprus and the Mediterranean World, 1571–1640''. New York: New York University Press, 1993.
* Karpat, Kemal H., "Turkish and Arab-Israeli Relations," in Karpat, K. (ed.), ''Turkey's Foreign Policy in Transition'' (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1975).
* Kirisci, Kemal, Tocci, Nathalie, and Walker, Joshua, "A Neighborhood Rediscovered: Turkey's Transatlantic Value in the Middle East," The German Marshall Fund of the United States, Paper Series (Washington, DC, 2010).
* Kirisci, Kemal, "The EU, Turkey and the Arab Spring: Challenges and Opportunities for Regional Integration," IAI/IPC, Global Turkey in Europe, Working Paper 1 (2012).
* Kirisci, Kemal and Winrow, Gareth M., ''The Kurdish Question and Turkey: An Example of a Trans-State Ethnic Conflict'' (London: Frank Cass, 1997).
* Levy, Aviador. ''The Sephardim in the Ottoman Empire''. Princeton: Darwin Press and Washington: Institute of Turkish Studies, 1992.
* Robins, Philip. ''Turkey and the Middle East''. London: Royal Institute of International Affairs and New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1991.
* Sayari, Sabri. "Turkey: The Changing European Security Environment and the Gulf Crisis," ''Middle East Journal'', 46, No. 1, Winter 1992, pp.&nbsp;9–21.
* Shaw, Stanford. ''The Jews of the Ottoman Emire and Modern Turkey''. New York: New York University Press, 1991.

=== Russia–Turkey relations and the Turkish Straits ===
* "The Turkish Straits in the Light of Recent Turkish-Soviet Russian Correspondence." ''American Journal of International Law'', October 1947, pp.&nbsp;727–47.
* Bayazit, Vural. "Black Sea and Mediterranean Challenges for the Turkish Navy," NATO's Sixteen Nations [Brussels], 39, January 1994, pp.&nbsp;67–69.
* DeLuca, Anthony R. ''The Great Power Rivalry at the Turkish Straits: The Montreux Conference and the Convention of 1936''. (East European Monographs.) Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1981.
* Dranov, B. Chernomorskie ''Prolivy-Mezhdunarodno-pravovoi rezhim'' (''The Black Sea Straits-International-legal regime''). Moscow: Yurid, izd-vo, 1948.
* Edmonds, Martin, and John Skitt. "Current Soviet Maritime Strategy and NATO." ''International Affairs'', January 1969, pp.&nbsp;28–43.
* Eren, Nuri. "Die türkisch-sowjetischen Beziehungen." Europa-Archiv, September 1965, pp.&nbsp;337–48.
* Erkin, Feridun Cerna. ''Les Relations Turco-Soviétiques et la Question des Detroits''. Ankara: Banur Matbaas1, 1968.
* Esmer, Ahmed Şükrü. "The Straits: Crux of World Politics." ''Foreign Affairs'', January 1947, pp.&nbsp;290–302.
* Fernau, Friedrich-Wilhelm. "Nachbarschaft am Schwarzen Meer. Wendepunkte in den türkisch-sowjetischen Beziehungen." Europa-Archiv, September 1967, pp.&nbsp;613–20.
* Howard, Harry N. "The United States and the Question of the Turkish Straits." ''Middle East Journal'', January 1947, pp.&nbsp;59–72.
* [[Hurewitz, J. C.]] ''The Background of Russia's Claims to the Turkish Straits''. Ankara: Turk Tarih Kurumu Basimevi, 1964.
* Imhoff, Christoph von. ''Duell in Mittelmeer: Moskau greift nach dem Nahen und Mittleren Osten''. Freiburg i. Br.: Rombach, 1968.
* Rohn, Peter H. "Turkish Treaties in Global Perspective." ''Turkish Yearbook of International Relations'', 1965, pp. n9-60.
* Routh, D. A. "The Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Black Sea Straits." Survey of International Affairs, 1936. London: Oxford University Press, 1937.
* Sadak, Necmeddin. "Turkey Faces the Soviets." ''Foreign Affairs'', April 1949, pp.&nbsp;449–461.
* Shotwell, James T., and Francis Deak. ''Turkey at the Straits: A Short History''. New York: Macmillan, 1940.
* Yanik, Lerna. "Allies or Partners An Appraisal of Turkey's Ties to Russia 1991–2007", ''East European Quarterly'' 41#3 (2007), pp.&nbsp;349–370.

===Turkey–Turkic world relations===
* Contessi, Nicola P. "Turkey and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization: Common values, economics or pure geopolitics?" in Emre Erşen, Seçkin Köstem, eds. ''Turkey's Pivot to Eurasia. Geopolitics and Foreign Policy in a Changing World Order'', (Routledge, 2019), pp.&nbsp;93–110.
* Gokalp, Ziya. ''The Principles of Turkism''. Trans., Robert Devereux. Leiden, Netherlands: E.J. Brill, 1968.
* Kubilay Yado Arin. ''The AKP's Foreign Policy, Turkey's Reorientation from the West to the East?'' (Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Berlin, 2013).
* Landau, Jacob M. ''Pan-Turkism in Turkey: A Study of Irredentism''. Hamden, Connecticut: Archon Books, 1981.
* Robins, Philip. "Between Sentiment and Self-interest: Turkey's Policy toward Azerbaijan and the Central Asian States," ''Middle East Journal'', 47, No. 4, Autumn 1993, pp.&nbsp;593–610.

===Turkey–United States relations===
* Armaoglu, Fahir H. "Turkey and the United States: A New Alliance." ''The Turkish Yearbook of International Relations'', 1965, pp.&nbsp;1–15.
* Aybet, Gülnur. ''Turkey's Foreign Policy and Its Implications for the West: A Turkish Perspective''. London: Royal United Services Institute for Defence Studies, 1994.
* Barkey, Henri. "Turkish-American Relations in the Post-War Era: An Alliance of Convenience," ''Orient'' [Leverkusen, Germany], 33, No. 3, 1992, pp.&nbsp;447–464.
* Barlas, Dilek, and Şuhnaz Yilmaz. "Managing the transition from Pax Britannica to Pax Americana: Turkey's relations with Britain and the US in a turbulent era (1929–47)." ''Turkish Studies'' (2016): pp.&nbsp;1–25.
* Bolukbasi, Suha. ''The Superpowers and the Third World: Turkish–American Relations and Cyprus''. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1988.
* Couloumbis, Theodore A. ''The United States, Greece, and Turkey: The Troubled Triangle''. New York: Praeger, 1983.
* Yilmaz, Şuhnaz. ''Turkish-American Relations, 1800–1952: Between the Stars, Stripes and the Crescent'' (Routledge, 2015).

===Foreign relations (1923–1945)===
* "Türk Dış Politikasına Yon Veren Etkenler (1923–1968)" ("Controlling Factors of Turkish Foreign Policy, 1923–1968"). ''Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi'' (''Review of the Political Science Faculty''), 23 (1968).
* Ataöv, Türkkaya. "Turkish Foreign Policy: 1923–1938." ''Turkish Yearbook of International Relations'', 1961, pp.&nbsp;103–42.
* Ataöv, Türkkaya. ''Turkish Foreign Policy, 1939–1945''. Ankara: Publication of the Faculty of Political Sciences of the University of Ankara, 1965.
* Hale, William. ''Turkish Foreign Policy Since 1774'' (Routledge, 2012).
* Howard, Harry N. ''The Partition of Turkey: A Diplomatic History, 1913–1923''. New York: Ferig, 1966.
* Kohn, Hans. "Ten Years of the Turkish Republic." ''Foreign Affairs'', October 1933, pp.&nbsp;141–155.
* Sousa, Nasim. ''The Capitulatory Regime of Turkey: Its History, Origin, and Nature''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1957.
* Vere-Hodge, Edward Reginald. ''Turkish Foreign Policy, 1918–1948''. Ambilly Annemasse: Imprimerie Franco-Suisse, 1950.

===Foreign relations (1945–2002)===
* Abramowitz, Morton. "Dateline Ankara: Turkey after Özal," ''Foreign Policy'', No. 91, 1993, pp.&nbsp;164–81.
* Balci, Ali and Mis, Nebi, "Turkey's Role in the Alliance of Civilizations: A New Perspective in Turkish Foreign Policy?" ''Turkish Studies'', 9.3 (September 2008).
* Batu, Hamit. "La politique étrangère de la Turquie." ''Turkish Yearbook of International Relations'', 1964, pp.&nbsp;1–12.
* Black, Joseph E., and Kenneth W. Thompson (eds.). ''Foreign Policies in a World of Change''. New York: Harper & Row, 1963. With a contribution by Nuri Eren, "The Foreign Policy of Turkey."
* Danforth, Nicholas. 2021. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=cjMyEAAAQBAJ The Remaking of Republican Turkey: Memory and Modernity since the Fall of the Ottoman Empire]''. Cambridge University Press.
*Deshocquets, Claude. "La Turquie de 1960 et la stratégie globale." ''Revue de Defense Nationale'', 17 (1961), pp.&nbsp;222–236.
* Dodd, Clement H., ed. ''Turkish Foreign Policy: New Prospects''. Huntingdon, United Kingdom: Eothen Press, 1992.
* Hale, William. ''Turkish Foreign Policy Since 1774'' (Routledge, 2012).
* Hartmann, Hans Walter. ''Die auswärtige Politik der Türkei'', pp.&nbsp;923–940. Zurich: Leemann & Co., 1999.
* Karpat, Kemal H. (ed.), ''Turkey's Foreign Policy in Transition'' (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1975).
* Kirisci, Kemal and Rubin, Barry (eds.), ''Turkey in World Politics: An Emerging Multiregional Power'' (London: Lynne Rienner, 2001).
* Robins, Philip, "Turkish Foreign Policy Under Erbakan," ''Survival'', 39.2 (Summer 1997).
* Rouleau, Eric. "The Challenges to Turkey," ''Foreign Affairs'', 72, No. 5, November–December 1993, pp.&nbsp;110–126.

===Foreign relations (2002–present)===
* Duran, Burhanettin, "JDP and Foreign Policy as an Agent of Transformation," in Yavuz, H.M. (ed.), ''The Emergence of a New Turkey: Democracy and the AK Party'' (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2006).
* Dursun-Özkanca, Ova. 2019. ''[[doi:10.1017/9781316998960|Turkey–West Relations: The Politics of Intra-Alliance Opposition]]''. Cambridge University Press.
* Hale, William. ''Turkish Foreign Policy Since 1774'' (Routledge, 2012).
* Kirisci, Kemal, "Turkey's Foreign Policy in Turbulent Times," Chaillot Paper 92 (Paris, EUISS, 2006).
* Kutlay, Mustafa, "Economy as the 'Practical Hand' of 'New Turkish Foreign Policy': A Political Economy Explanation," ''Insight Turkey'', 13.1 (2011).
* Renda, Kadri Kaan, "Turkey's Neighborhood Policy: An Emerging Complex Interdependence?" ''Insight Turkey'', 13.1 (2011).
* Sandole, Dennis J.D., "Turkey's Unique Role in Nipping in the Bud the 'Clash of Civilizations'," ''International Politics'', 46.5 (September 2009).
* Schenkkan, Nate, Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Europe, Eurasia and Emerging Threats, Foreign Affairs Committee, United States House of Representatives, Hearings on "The Future of Turkish Democracy," 15 July 2014.

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130705053230/http://www.mfa.gov.tr/ Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey]
* [https://www.peterlang.com/document/1049431- Örmeci, Ozan & Işıksal, Hüseyin (2015), Turkish Foreign Policy in the New Millennium, Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108154702/https://www.peterlang.com/document/1049431- |date=8 November 2022 }}

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