View source for Storm Shadow

{{Short description|Franco-British cruise missile}}
{{About|the cruise missile|the fictional character|Storm Shadow (G.I. Joe)|other uses|Stormshadow (disambiguation){{!}}Stormshadow}}
{{Infobox weapon
| name               = Storm Shadow/SCALP EG
| image              = RAF Museum, Colindale, London - DSC06025.JPG
| image_size         = 300
| alt                =
| caption            = A missile displayed in the [[Royal Air Force Museum London|RAF Museum, London]]
| type               = [[Air-launched cruise missile]]
| origin             = France & the United Kingdom
<!-- Type selection -->| is_missile         = y
| is_UK              = y
<!-- Service history -->| service            = 2003–present
| used_by            = See [[#Operators|operators]]
| wars               = {{Tree list}}
* [[Iraq War]]
* [[Libyan civil war (2011)|Libyan Civil War]]
** [[2011 military intervention in Libya]]
* [[Syrian civil war|Syrian Civil War]]
** [[US intervention in the Syrian civil war]]
* [[Yemeni civil war (2014–present)|Yemeni Civil War]]
* [[Russo-Ukrainian War]]
** [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]]
{{Tree list/end}}
<!-- Production history -->| designer           = [[Matra BAe Dynamics]]
| design_date        = 1994–2001
| manufacturer       = [[MBDA]]
| unit_cost          = {{Currency|2.0M|code=POUND STERLING}} (FY2023) ({{Currency|2.5M|code=USD}})<ref name="Sabbagh 2023 l478">{{cite web | last=Sabbagh | first=Dan | title=British-led coalition hopes to supply longer-range missiles to Ukraine | website=the Guardian | date=2023-05-09 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/09/british-led-coalition-hoping-to-supply-longer-range-missiles-to-ukraine | access-date=2023-09-09}}</ref>
| production_date    =
| number             =
| variants           = <!-- General specifications -->
| mass               = {{cvt|1300|kg|lb}}
| length             = {{cvt|5.1|m|ftin}}
| width              = {{cvt|630|mm|in}}
| height             = {{cvt|480|mm|in}}
<!-- Explosive specifications -->| filling            = Multistage [[BROACH warhead|BROACH]] penetration warhead
| filling_weight     = {{convert|450|kg|lbs}}
| detonation         =
| yield              = <!-- Missile specifications -->
| engine             = [[Microturbo TRI 60|Microturbo TRI 60-30]] turbojet
| engine_power       = {{cvt|5.4|kN}}
| pw_ratio           =
| payload_capacity   =
| fuel_capacity      =
| vehicle_range      = {{cvt|550|km|mi nmi|0}}<ref>{{cite web|website=CSIS Missile Threat|url=https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/apache-ap/#:~:text=SCALP%20EG%2F%20Storm%20Shadow%20Specifications&text=The%20missiles%20are%205.1%20m,250-400%20km.13.|title=SCALP EG / Storm Shadow / SCALP Naval / Black Shaheen / APACHE AP}}</ref>
| speed              = {{cvt|0.95|Mach|m/sec ft/sec}}
| guidance           = [[GPS]], [[Inertial navigation system|INS]], [[Imaging infrared|IIR]] & [[TERPROM]]
| steering           = 6 [[tailplane]]s (4 vertical & 2 horizontal)
<!-- Missiles only -->| wingspan           = {{cvt|3|m|ftin}}
| propellant         =
| ceiling            =
| altitude           =
| boost              =
| depth              =
| accuracy           =
| launch_platform    =
| transport          = [[Dassault Mirage 2000|Mirage 2000]], [[Dassault Rafale|Rafale]], [[Su-24]], [[Panavia Tornado|Tornado]], [[Eurofighter Typhoon|Typhoon]], [[Gripen]]
<!-- For all -->| ref                = [[Janes Information Services|Janes]]<ref>{{Citation |author=[[Janes Information Services|Janes]] |url=https://customer.janes.com/display/JALW2901-JALW |title=Scalp/Storm Shadow |date=19 May 2023 |website=Janes Weapons: Air Launched |publisher=Jane's Group UK Limited. |publication-place=[[Coulsdon]], [[Surrey]] |url-access=subscription |access-date=21 May 2023}}</ref> & [[The Daily Telegraph|''The Telegraph'']]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sheridan |first1=Danielle |last2=Nicholls |first2=Dominic |last3=Holl-Allen |first3=Genevieve |date=11 May 2023 |title=Britain is first nation to send long-range missiles to Ukraine |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/05/11/britain-send-ukraine-long-range-missiles-storm-shadow/ |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |location=[[London]] |url-access=subscription |access-date=21 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Kilner |first=James |date=13 May 2023 |title='Nightmare' for Russia as Ukraine strikes base with British Storm Shadow missiles |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/05/13/storm-shadow-missiles-strike-far-behind-russian-lines/ |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |location=[[London]] |url-access=subscription |access-date=21 May 2023}}</ref>
}}

The '''Storm Shadow''' is a [[France|Franco]]-[[United Kingdom|British]] [[stealth technology|low-observable]], long-range [[air-launched cruise missile]] developed since 1994 by [[Matra]] and [[British Aerospace]], and now manufactured by [[MBDA]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-11 |title=The U.K. Has Given Ukraine the Storm Shadow: A Western Missile on a Soviet Warbird |url=https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/aviation/a43864887/uk-gives-ukraine-storm-shadow-long-range-missile/ |access-date=2023-07-16 |website=Popular Mechanics |language=en-US}}</ref> "Storm Shadow" is the weapon's British name; in France it is called '''SCALP-EG''' (which stands for "''Système de Croisière Autonome à Longue Portée – Emploi Général''"; [[English language|English]]: "Long Range Autonomous Cruise Missile System – General Purpose"). The missile is based on the French-developed [[MBDA Apache|Apache]] [[anti-runway bomb|anti-runway]] cruise missile, but differs in that it carries a unitary warhead instead of [[cluster munition]]s.<ref>{{cite web | title=Apache (Anti-Runway Cruise Missile)| website=Armed Forces Europe | url=http://www.armedforces.co.uk/Europeandefence/edequipment/edmis/edmis3a3.htm | access-date=12 May 2023}}</ref>

To meet the requirement issued by the [[French Ministry of Defence]] for a more potent cruise missile capable of being launched from surface vessels and submarines, and able to strike strategic and military targets from extended standoff ranges with even greater precision, MBDA France began development of the ''[[MdCN (missile)|Missile de Croisière Naval]]'' ("Naval Cruise Missile") or ''MdCN'' in 2006 to complement the SCALP. The first firing test took place in July 2013 and was successful.<ref>{{Cite press release|url=https://www.mbda-systems.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Press-release-2013-07-05-FR.pdf|title=Nouveau succès pour le missile de croisière naval|date=4 July 2013|publisher=Direction générale de l'armement (DGA) (France)}}</ref> The MdCN has been operational on French [[FREMM]] frigates since 2017 and also equips France's [[Barracuda-class submarine (France)|Barracuda nuclear attack submarines]], which entered operational service in 2022.

In 2017, a joint contract to upgrade the respective Storm Shadow/SCALP stockpiles in French and British service was signed. It is expected to sustain the missile until its planned withdrawal from service in 2032.<ref>{{cite web | title=MOD signs £146 million contract to upgrade RAF's long-range missile | website=UK Government – Defence and armed forces| date=22 February 2017 | url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/mod-signs-146-million-contract-to-upgrade-rafs-long-range-missile}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=MBDA se voit confier la rénovation à mi-vie du SCALP | website=Air & Cosmos| date=24 February 2017 | url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/mod-signs-146-million-contract-to-upgrade-rafs-long-range-missile}}</ref>

Since 2023, during the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]], Storm Shadow missiles have been supplied to Ukraine in large quantities. Multiple Russian ships have been either sunk or heavily damaged by them. {{cn|date=September 2024}}

France, the UK and [[Italy]] are together developing the [[Future Cruise/Anti-Ship Weapon]] (FC/ASW) to replace SCALP/Storm Shadow and each nation's respective [[anti-ship missile]]s by 2028 and 2034.

==Characteristics==
[[File:Microturbo TR60-30 - Musée Safran (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|A [[Microturbo TRI 60|Microturbo TRI 60-30]] expendable turbojet engine used by the Storm Shadow, [[Musée aéronautique et spatial Safran]]]]

The missile weighs about {{convert |1300|kg|lb}}, with a conventional warhead of {{convert|450|kg|lb}}. It has a maximum body diameter of {{convert |48|cm|in}} and a wingspan of {{convert |3|m|in|spell=in}}. It is propelled at Mach 0.8 by a [[Microturbo TRI 60|Microturbo TRI 60-30]] [[turbojet]] engine and has a range of approximately {{convert|250|km|nmi mi|abbr=on}}.<ref name="rafequip">{{cite web |date=2019 |title=2019 STORM SHADOW datasheet |url=https://www.mbda-systems.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/2019-STORM-SHADOW-datasheet.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628190340/https://www.mbda-systems.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/2019-STORM-SHADOW-datasheet.pdf |archive-date=2024-06-28 |access-date=2024-11-20 |publisher=MBDA}}</ref>

The weapon can be launched from a number of different aircraft—the [[Saab Gripen]], [[Dassault Mirage 2000]], [[Dassault Rafale]], the [[Panavia Tornado]], both the Italian Tornado IDS and formerly the British Tornado GR4 (now retired),<ref name="fas_storm_shadow">{{cite web |url= http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/casom.htm |title= Storm Shadow |publisher= [[Federation of American Scientists]] |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20040603010411/http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/casom.htm |archive-date= 2004-06-03 }}</ref> and a modified [[Sukhoi Su-24]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/su-24-fencer-is-ukraines-storm-shadow-missile-carrier|title=Su-24 Fencer Is Ukraine's Storm Shadow Missile Carrier|first=Thomas|last=Newdick|date=May 24, 2023|website=The Drive}}</ref> Storm Shadow was integrated with the [[Eurofighter Typhoon]] as part of the Phase 2 Enhancement (P2E) in 2015,<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/eurofighter-flies-with-storm-shadow-missiles-393618/ |title= Eurofighter flies with Storm Shadow missiles |last =Hoyle |first =Craig |date=28 November 2013 |website= Flight Global |publisher= Reed Business Information |access-date=28 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{citation | title= Eurofighter Typhoon Gains Altitude | url= http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?channel=dti&id=news/DTI-TYPHOON.xml | archive-url= https://archive.today/20120720031000/http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?channel=dti&id=news/DTI-TYPHOON.xml | url-status= dead | archive-date= July 20, 2012 | date= 14 January 2009 | first= Bill | last= Sweetman | publisher= Aviation Week | access-date= 20 March 2011 }}</ref>  but will not be fitted to the [[F-35 Lightning II]].<ref name="jsf_storm_shadow">{{cite web | publisher = Jane's | url = http://www.janes.com/article/57304/storm-shadow-dropped-from-uk-s-f-35b-follow-on-integration-plan | title = Storm Shadow dropped from UK's F-35B follow-on integration plan | access-date = 2016-01-20 | archive-date = 2016-01-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160122235748/http://www.janes.com/article/57304/storm-shadow-dropped-from-uk-s-f-35b-follow-on-integration-plan | url-status = dead }}</ref>

The Storm Shadow's [[BROACH warhead]] features an initial penetrating charge to clear soil or enter a bunker, then a variable delay [[fuze]] to control [[detonation]] of the main warhead. Intended targets are command, control and communications centres; airfields; ports and power stations; ammunition management and storage facilities; surface ships and submarines in port; bridges and other high value strategic targets.

The missile is [[fire and forget]], programmed before launch. Once launched, it cannot be controlled or commanded to self-destroy and its target information cannot be changed. Mission planners programme the weapon with details of the target and its air defences. The missile follows a path semi-autonomously, on a low flight path guided by [[Global Positioning System|GPS]] and [[terrain mapping]] to the target area.<ref>{{Cite journal |last= Handy |first= Brian |date= August 2003|title= Royal Air Force Aircraft & Weapons |url= http://www.raf.mod.uk/rafcms/mediafiles/0186cc2a_1143_ec82_2ef2bffff37857da.pdf |journal=DCC (RAF) Publications |access-date= 18 March 2016}}</ref> Close to the target, the missile climbs to increase its [[field of view]] and improve penetration, matches the target stored image with its [[Thermographic camera|IR camera]] and then dives into the target.<ref name="auto">{{Cite news | last =Eklund | first = Dylan | title= Fire and Brimstone: The RAF's 21st Century Missiles | work= RAF Magazine | pages= 19–25 | year= 2006}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-05-12 |title=Technical Overview of the Storm Shadow Cruise Missile for Ukraine |url=https://www.designnews.com/industry/technical-overview-storm-shadow-cruise-missile-ukraine |access-date=2023-07-16 |website=designnews.com |language=en}}</ref>

Climbing to altitude is intended to achieve the best probability of target identification and penetration. During the final maneuver, the nose cone is jettisoned to allow a high resolution [[thermographic camera]] ([[infrared homing]]) to observe the target area. The missile then tries to locate its target based upon its targeting information ([[DSMAC]]). If it cannot, and there is a high risk of [[collateral damage]], the missile is capable of flying to a crash point instead of risking inaccuracy.<ref name="auto"/>

Enhancements reported in 2005 included the capability to relay target information just before impact and usage of one-way (link back) [[data link]] to relay battle damage assessment information back to the host aircraft, under development under a French DGA contract. At the time, inflight re-targeting capability using a two-way data link was planned.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://defense-update.com/products/s/storm-shadow.htm|title= Storm Shadow/SCALP EG Cruise Missile|work= Defense update|date= 27 January 2005|archive-date= 27 April 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180427210917/http://defense-update.com/products/s/storm-shadow.htm|url-status= dead}}</ref> In 2016, it was announced that Storm Shadow would be refurbished under the Selective Precision Effects At Range 4 ('''SPEAR 4''') missile project,<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.contracts.mod.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/SellingtoMOD_Ed22.pdf|title= Defence Suppliers Service|work= UK Ministry of Defence|access-date= 19 May 2016|archive-date= 13 October 2016|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161013015234/https://www.contracts.mod.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/SellingtoMOD_Ed22.pdf|url-status= dead}}</ref><ref name=mod-20170222>{{cite news |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/mod-signs-146-million-contract-to-upgrade-rafs-long-range-missile |title=MOD signs £146 million contract to upgrade RAF's long-range missile |publisher=Ministry of Defence |via=gov.uk |date=22 February 2017 |access-date=21 November 2024}}</ref> with the upgrade being completed in 2022.<ref name=janes-20220228>{{cite news |url=https://www.janes.com/osint-insights/defence-news/weapons/update-mid-life-refurbishment-of-uk-storm-shadow-stockpile-nears-completion |title=Update: Mid-Life Refurbishment of UK Storm Shadow stockpile nears completion |last=Hughes |first=Robin |publisher=IHS |work=Janes |date=28 February 2022 |access-date=21 November 2024}}</ref>

Some reports suggest a reduced capability version complying with [[Missile Technology Control Regime]] (MTCR) restrictions was created for export, for example to the [[United Arab Emirates]].<ref name=janes-19980408>{{cite news |url=http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-Defence-Weekly-98/USA-ANGRY-OVER-FRENCH-DECISION-TO-EXPORT-APACHE.html |title=USA angry over French decision to export Apache, Headlines |publisher=IHS |work=Jane's Defence Weekly |date=8 April 1998 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605020920/http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-Defence-Weekly-98/USA-ANGRY-OVER-FRENCH-DECISION-TO-EXPORT-APACHE.html |archive-date=5 June 2011}}</ref><ref name=missilethreat-20161202>{{cite web |url=https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/apache-ap/ |title=APACHE AP/ SCALP EG/ Storm Shadow/ SCALP Naval/ Black Shaheen |publisher=Center for Strategic and International Studies |work=Missile Threat |orig-date=Modified 28 July 2021|date=2 December 2016}}</ref><ref name=armscontrolcenter-2017>{{cite web |url=https://armscontrolcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Missile-Technology-Control-Regime-MTCR-Factsheet.pdf |title=Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) |publisher=The Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation |year=2017 |access-date=15 April 2018}}</ref>

The missile relies on classified US-owned cartographic data, using Terrain Contour Matching or [[TERCOM]], to guide the missile to the target. This gives the US government veto of any sales to foreign countries under [[International Traffic in Arms Regulations|ITAR]].<ref name=aerotime-20241119>{{cite web|title= UK, France maintain fog of war on Storm Shadow missile use for strikes in Russia |url= https://www.aerotime.aero/articles/uk-france-maintain-fog-of-war-on-storm-shadow-missile-use-for-strikes-in-russia/amp |date=19 November 2024 |access-date=19 November 2024|language=en|author=Clément Charpentreau |work=aerotime}}</ref> In 2018 the French government tried to bypass this by creating a "ITAR-free" version of the missile for sale to Egypt that didn't use TERCOM. The missiles would have relied solely on GPS and inertial navigation systems to get to the target, making the missile more vulnerable to Electronic Warfare.<ref>{{cite web|title=A jet sale to Egypt is being blocked by a US regulation, and France is over it |url=https://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2018/08/01/a-jet-sale-to-egypt-is-being-blocked-by-a-us-regulation-and-france-is-over-it/ |date=19 November 2024 |access-date=19 November 2024|language=en |author=Pierre Tran |work=defensenews}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.latribune.fr/entreprises-finance/industrie/aeronautique-defense/exportations-comment-mbda-desserre-le-noeud-coulant-des-etats-unis-itar-812016.html | title=Exportations : Comment MBDA desserre le nœud coulant des Etats-Unis (ITAR) | trans-title=Exports: How MBDA loosens the noose of the United States (ITAR) | date=27 March 2019 }}</ref> An issue in Ukraine, where Russian jams GPS signals, is that US approval and data is necessary for the missiles to operate to peak performance.<ref name=aerotime-20241119/><ref name=wato-20241118>{{cite AV media |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m00254cl |title=Former defence secretary Ben Wallace gives his view over the decision |people=Wallace, Ben |publisher=BBC Radio 4 |series=World at One |medium=Radio broadcast |time=18m34-18m53s |date=18 November 2024 |access-date=21 November 2024 |quote=''Ben Wallace'': We could use Storm Shadows just using GPS, right, just using satellite, but the resilience technologies we have in it relies on other technologies that puts us in areas that we have to rely on the United States in certain environments, and that's just the reality of it.}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:StormShadow-Hendon 1.jpg|thumb|A Storm Shadow at the [[Royal Air Force Museum London]]]]

Matra and British Aerospace were selected as the prime contractors for the Conventionally Armed Standoff Missile (CASOM) in July 1996; their Storm Shadow missile beat submissions from [[McDonnell Douglas]], [[Texas Instruments]]/[[Short Brothers]], [[Hughes Aircraft Company|Hughes]]/[[Smiths Industries]], [[DaimlerChrysler Aerospace|Daimler-Benz Aerospace]]/[[Bofors]], [[GEC-Marconi]] and [[Rafael Advanced Defense Systems|Rafael]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Morrocco |first=John D. |date=29 July 1996 |title=BAe, GEC Snare Key U.K. Contracts |work=[[Aviation Week and Space Technology]] |publisher=McGraw-Hill, Inc. |page=64}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite news | first = Michael | last = Evans | title = £4bn orders will equip RAF for the 21st century | work = The Times | publisher = Times Newspapers Ltd. | date = 26 June 1996 }}</ref> The Storm Shadow design was based on Matra's [[Apache (missile)|Apache]] anti-runway cruise missile.<ref name=":0" /> A development and production contract was signed in February 1997, by which time Matra and BAe had completed the merger of their missile businesses to form [[Matra BAe Dynamics]].<ref>{{cite news | title = £700 Million RAF Contract Signed | publisher = The Press Association Limited | date = 11 February 1997 }}</ref> France ordered 500 SCALP missiles in January 1998.<ref>{{cite news |date=14 January 1998 |title=France Takes Scalp |work=[[Flight International]] |publisher=Reed Business Publishing}}</ref>

The first successful fully guided firing of the Storm Shadow/SCALP EG took place at the CEL [[Biscarosse]] range in France at the end of December 2000<ref name="fas_storm_shadow"/> from a Mirage 2000N.

The first flight of Storm Shadow missiles on the [[Eurofighter Typhoon]] took place on 27 November 2013 at [[Decimomannu Air Base]] in Italy, and was performed by [[Alenia Aermacchi]] using instrumented production aircraft 2.<ref>{{cite web |title=Eurofighter flies with Storm Shadow missiles |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/eurofighter-flies-with-storm-shadow-missiles-393618/ |access-date=2013-11-28 |website=[[Flightglobal.com]]}}</ref>

The SCALP EG and Storm Shadow are identical except for how they integrate with the aircraft.<ref name=CSIS>{{cite web |title=APACHE AP/ SCALP EG/ Storm Shadow/ SCALP Naval/ Black Shaheen  |date=28 July 2021 |orig-date=2 December 2016|work=Missile Threat |publisher= Center for Strategic and International Studies |access-date=2 November 2022 |url=https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/apache-ap/#:~:text=SCALP%20EG%2F%20Storm%20Shadow%20Specifications&text=The%20missiles%20are%205.1%20m,250%2D400%20km.13.}}</ref>

In July 2016, the UK's MoD awarded a £28 million contract to support the Storm Shadow over the next five years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-contract-to-support-the-rafs-long-range-missiles |title=New contract to support the RAF's long range missiles|publisher=UK Ministry of Defence |access-date=2016-07-08}}</ref>

===Combat use===
[[File:Tornado Storm Shadow.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|A RAF [[Tornado GR4]] carrying two Storm Shadow missiles under its fuselage takes off at [[RAF Akrotiri]] in [[Cyprus]] on an [[Operation Shader]] mission, January 2019]]
RAF Tornados used Storm Shadow missiles operationally for the first time during the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]].<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->  |date=8 March 2019 |title=ANALYSIS: How RAF's Tornados made storming contribution |work=Flight International |quote=By then upgraded to the GR4 standard, the UK's ground-attack aircraft played a part in the opening salvoes of the second conflict with Saddam Hussein's forces in Iraq. This was a spectacular debut for its Storm Shadow weapons, which allowed pinpoint strikes to be conducted against key infrastructure targets from a launch distance of more than 135nm (250km).}}</ref>  Although they were yet to officially enter service, "an accelerated testing schedule" saw them employed by the RAF's [[No. 617 Squadron RAF|617 Squadron]] in the conflict.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.raf.mod.uk/our-organisation/squadrons/617-squadron/ |title=617 Squadron |website=Raf.mod.uk |publisher=Royal Air Force |access-date=2020-07-18 |quote=2003 – Flew the RAF's first operational mission using Storm Shadow.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Almond|first1=Peter |last2=Carr-Brown|first2=Jonathon |date=30 March 2003|title=Dambusters test-fire new missile |work=Sunday Times |location=London |quote=[Wing Commander Robertson] set about completing his mission – firing Britain's first air-launched cruise missile, the Storm Shadow.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Hoyle |first1=Craig |date=6 July 2004 |title= Flying colours; Last year's Iraq conflict was a solid test for the UK RAF after a decade that has brought it closer to industry. Its highest ranking officer discusses its performance|work=Flight International }}</ref>

During the [[2011 military intervention in Libya]], the Storm Shadow/SCALP EG was fired at pro-Gaddafi targets by [[French Air Force]] Rafales<ref>{{cite web |date=2011-03-25 |title=Rafale destroys Libyan jet, as France steps up action |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/rafale-destroys-libyan-jet-as-france-steps-up-action-354776 |access-date=2012-09-15 |website=[[Flightglobal.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/blogs/defense/index.jsp?plckController=Blog&plckBlogPage=BlogViewPost&newspaperUserId=27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a-01329aef79a7&plckPostId=Blog%3A27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a-01329aef79a7Post%3A11aa5346-3d2b-4c52-9f09-4cf4e8bfa430&plckScript=blogScript&plckElementId=blogDest |title=Libya: France May Shift Rafales from Rafaletown to Sigonella |website=Aviationweek.com |access-date=2012-09-15 |archive-date=2012-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120417224731/http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/blogs/defense/index.jsp?plckController=Blog&plckBlogPage=BlogViewPost&newspaperUserId=27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a-01329aef79a7&plckPostId=Blog%3a27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a-01329aef79a7Post%3a11aa5346-3d2b-4c52-9f09-4cf4e8bfa430&plckScript=blogScript&plckElementId=blogDest |url-status=dead }}</ref> and [[Italian Air Force]] and [[Royal Air Force]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/DefenceNews/MilitaryOperations/UpdatedBritishArmedForcesLaunchStrikeAgainstLibyanAirDefenceSystems.htm | title=British Armed Forces launch strike against Libyan air defence systems | publisher=Ministry of Defence | date=20 March 2011 | access-date=20 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/blogs/defense/index.jsp?plckController=Blog&plckBlogPage=BlogViewPost&newspaperUserId=27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a-01329aef79a7&plckPostId=Blog%3A27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a-01329aef79a7Post%3Ac9874eff-f7a9-4a14-8098-746a7449cfaf&plckScript=blogScript&plckElementId=blogDest |title=U.K. Libya Strikes Include Storm Shadows |publisher=Aviation week |date=2011-03-20 |access-date=2011-03-22 }}{{Dead link|date=February 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Tornados.  Targets included the [[Al Jufra Air Base]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.marianne2.fr/blogsecretdefense/Libye-premier-tir-operationnel-d-un-missile-de-croisiere-Scalp-par-la-France_a189.html |title=Libye : premier tir opérationnel d'un missile de croisière Scalp par la France |website=Marianne2.fr |access-date=2012-09-15 |archive-date=2012-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308170255/http://www.marianne2.fr/blogsecretdefense/Libye-premier-tir-operationnel-d-un-missile-de-croisiere-Scalp-par-la-France_a189.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> and a military bunker in [[Sirte]], the home town of Libyan leader [[Muammar Gaddafi]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14677754|title=UK jets bomb Gaddafi hometown bunker|work=BBC News | date=26 August 2011}}</ref> In December 2011, Italian defence officials noted that Italian Tornado IDS aircraft had fired between 20 and 30 Storm Shadows during the Libyan Campaign. This was the first time that Italian aircraft had fired the missile in live combat, and it was reported the missile had a 97 per cent success rate.<ref>{{cite web|title=Italy Gives Bombing Stats for Libya Campaign|url=http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=8567271&c=AIR&s=EUR|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120727234740/http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=8567271&c=AIR&s=EUR|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 27, 2012|access-date=15 December 2011}}</ref>

French aircraft fired 12 SCALP missiles at [[Islamic State|ISIS]] targets in [[Syria]] as part of [[Operation Chammal]]. These launches took place on 15 December 2015 and 2 January 2016. It is thought that these firings may have been approved after a decision by the French MoD to reduce their inventory of SCALP missiles to reduce costs.<ref>{{cite web |last=Tran |first=Pierre |date=7 January 2016 |title=Engine Support Surges With Rafale Flight Hours, Exports |url=http://www.defensenews.com/story/defense/air-space/support/2016/01/07/engine-support-surges-rafale-flight-hours-exports/78441944/ |access-date=31 January 2016 |work=[[Defense News]]}}</ref> On Sunday 26 June 2016 the RAF used four Storm Shadow missiles against an ISIS bunker in [[Iraq]]. The Storm Shadow missiles were launched from two Tornado aircraft. All four missiles scored direct hits, penetrating deep into the bunker. Storm Shadow missiles were used due to the bunker's massive construction.

In October 2016 the UK Government confirmed UK-supplied missiles were used by Saudi Arabia in the [[Yemeni Civil War (2015–present)|conflict in Yemen]].<ref>[http://www.defensenews.com/articles/uk-supplied-precision-weapons-prove-popular-in-saudi-led-yemen-campaign UK-Supplied Precision Weapons Prove Popular in Saudi-Led Yemen Campaign], Defensenews.com, 17 October 2016</ref>

In April 2018 the UK Government announced they used Storm Shadow missiles deployed by [[Tornado GR4|Panavia Tornado GR4s]] to [[April 2018 missile strikes against Syria|strike]] a chemical weapon facility in Syria.<ref>{{cite news| title=RAF jets strike chemical weapon facility in Syria | website=UK Government|publisher=Ministry of Defence and Gavin Williamson | date=14 April 2018 | url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/raf-jets-strike-chemical-weapon-facility-in-syria}}</ref> According to US Marine Corps Lt. Gen. [[Kenneth F. McKenzie Jr.|Kenneth McKenzie]], the Him Shinshar chemical weapons storage facility near Homs was hit by 9 US Tomahawks, 8 British Storm Shadows, 3 French MdCN cruise missiles, and 2 French SCALP cruise missiles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-43767156|title=Trump hails 'perfect' Syria strikes|date=14 April 2018|website=Bbc.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.militarytimes.com/pentagon/2018/04/14/us-launched-105-weapons-against-syria-with-none-intercepted-dod-says/|title=Coalition launched 105 weapons against Syria, with none intercepted, DoD says|website=Militarytimes.com|date=14 April 2018}}</ref> Satellite images showed that the site was destroyed in the attack.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/04/14/602550478/images-show-3-syrian-chemical-weapons-sites-before-and-after-missile-strikes|title=PHOTOS: 2 Syrian Chemical Weapons Sites Before And After Missile Strikes|first=Jenny|last=Gathright|date=14 April 2018|access-date=2 January 2022|website=Npr.org}}</ref> The Pentagon said that no missiles had been intercepted, and that the raids were "precise and overwhelming".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/apr/14/allies-dispute-russian-and-syrian-claims-of-shot-down-missiles |title=Allies dispute Russian and Syrian claims of shot down missiles |newspaper=The Guardian |date=14 April 2018  |author= Ewen MacAskill, and Julian Borger|access-date= 14 April 2018}}</ref> In response, the Russian Ministry of Defence, during a press conference in Moscow, presented parts of what they claimed was a downed Storm Shadow missile.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/5156635|title=Tomahawk и авиаракета доставлены из Сирии в Москву для изучения|language=ru |trans-title=Tomahawk and air missile delivered from Syria to Moscow for study|website=Тass.ru|access-date=2 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.interfax.ru/russia/610081|title=Российские военные показали обломки выпущенных по Сирии крылатых ракет|language=ru |trans-title=The Russian military showed the wreckage of cruise missiles fired at Syria|website=Interfax.ru|date=25 April 2018 |access-date=2 January 2022}}</ref>

It has been suggested that Storm Shadows, deployed by either Emirati [[Dassault Mirage|Mirages]] or Egyptian [[Dassault Rafale|Rafales]], could have been used in the July 2020 airstrike against [[Al-Watiya Air Base]] during the [[Second Libyan Civil War]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/pauliddon/2020/08/26/uae-sends-fighter-jets-to-support-allies-against-turkey/?sh=1d43733827e1 | title=UAE Dispatches Fighter Jets to Support Its Allies Against Turkey | website=[[Forbes]] }}</ref> The attack against the base, which housed Turkish military personnel supporting the internationally recognized [[Government of National Accord]], injured several Turkish soldiers, destroyed their [[MIM-23 Hawk]] anti-aircraft missiles systems and their [[KORAL Electronic Warfare System]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/173908/|title=Turkish Forces Lick Wounds After Airstrikes Hit Their Base In Libya|date=8 July 2021|work=[[Syrian Observatory for Human Rights]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/89264/LNA-destroys-Turkish-air-defense-electronic-warfare-systems-western-Libya|title=LNA destroys Turkish air defense, electronic warfare systems western Libya|work=Egypt Today|date=5 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/africa/airstrikes-hit-libya-base-held-by-turkey-backed-forces/2020/07/05/edb71878-bef6-11ea-8908-68a2b9eae9e0_story.html |title=Airstrikes hit Libya base held by Turkey-backed forces |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=5 July 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/turkey-libya-watiya-attack-vows-retribution |title=Libya: Turkey vows 'retribution' for attack on its positions at al-Watiya airbase |website=Middle East Eye |date=6 July 2020 }}</ref>

On 11 March 2021, two Royal Air Force Typhoon FGR4 jets operating out of [[RAF Akrotiri]], [[Cyprus]] hit a cave complex south west of the city of [[Erbil]] in northern Iraq, where a significant number of [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|ISIS]] fighters were reported, marking the first combat use of the Storm Shadow from the Typhoon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/typhoon-fires-storm-shadow-operationally-for-first-time|title=Typhoon fires Storm Shadow operationally for first time|website=Janes.com|access-date=2 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/39792/british-typhoons-have-used-storm-shadow-cruise-missiles-for-the-first-time-in-combat|title=British Typhoons Have Used Storm Shadow Cruise Missiles For The First Time In Combat|first=Thomas|last=Newdick|website=Thedrive.com|date=15 March 2021 |access-date=2 January 2022}}</ref>

=== Use by Ukraine ===
On 11 May 2023, the United Kingdom announced that it was supplying Storm Shadows to the [[Ukrainian military]] during the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]]. This followed a pledge from the UK in February 2023 to send Ukraine long-range missiles in response to [[Russian strikes against Ukrainian infrastructure (2022–present)|Russian strikes against Ukrainian infrastructure]]. Ukraine has insisted it would not use such weapons on Russian territory. [[Minister of Defence (UK)|UK Defence Minister]] [[Ben Wallace (politician)|Ben Wallace]] emphasized the delivery as a "calibrated, proportionate response to Russia's escalation", noting Russian use of even longer-range munitions including the [[Kh-47M2]] [[hypersonic]] missile, [[3M-54 Kalibr]] cruise missile, and [[Shahed-136]] one-way attack drone.<ref name="gregory">{{cite news |last=Gregory |first=James |date=11 May 2023 |title=UK confirms supply of Storm Shadow long-range missiles in Ukraine |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-65558070 |website=BBC News}}</ref><ref>[https://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2023/05/11/ukraine-gets-british-long-range-missiles-ahead-of-counteroffensive/ Ukraine gets British long-range missiles ahead of counteroffensive]. ''[[Defense News]]''. 11 May 2023.</ref>

The grant of Storm Shadow missiles is a significant boost to the Ukrainian military, as they are capable of striking targets at much longer ranges than had previously been possible, including command-and-control nodes and logistics points in occupied [[Crimea]] to interrupt Russia's ability to support the frontline.<ref>[https://breakingdefense.com/2023/05/armed-with-storm-shadow-ukraine-could-starve-russian-front-lines-of-logistics-leadership/ Armed with Storm Shadow, Ukraine could 'starve' Russian front lines of logistics, leadership]. ''Breaking Defense''. 16 May 2023.</ref> Shortly after, France announced it would be delivering the SCALP EG, its version of the missile, to Ukraine as well. France said it was not delivering weapons capable of hitting Russian soil.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/ukraine-situation-report-france-sending-scalp-eg-cruise-missiles|title=Ukraine Situation Report: France Sending SCALP-EG Cruise Missiles|first=Howard|last=Altman|date=May 16, 2023|website=The Drive}}</ref> The UK on 18 May confirmed Ukraine had already successfully used the Storm Shadow.<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/2023/05/18/politics/ben-wallace-cnn-interview/index.html Ukraine has 'successfully' used UK-provided Storm Shadow missiles against Russia, British Defense Secretary tells CNN]. ''[[CNN]]''. 18 May 2023.</ref> Although no information was publicly disclosed regarding when exactly the French missiles were delivered to Ukraine, Ukraine's ambassador to France, Vadym Omelchenko, confirmed in an interview with LB.ua on 22 August 2023 that all SCALP missiles promised by French president [[Emmanuel Macron]] had been delivered already, likely by the time of the latter's announcement in May. Omelchenko further stated that the first batch of missiles (reported by some outlets to number 50 units) had more than proven its worth and that supplies of SCALP batches by France would continue.<ref>[https://mil.in.ua/en/news/ambassador-france-has-handed-over-all-promised-in-the-first-batch-scalp-missiles-to-ukraine/ Ambassador: France has handed over all promised in the first batch SCALP missiles to Ukraine]. ''MILITARNYI''. 22 August 2023.</ref><ref>[https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2023/08/22/7416650// Ukrainian ambassador in France announces further batches of long-range SCALP missiles]. ''Ukrainska Pravda''. 22 August 2023.</ref> Previously, on August 6, a few days after the attack on the Chongar Strait railway bridge, the SCALP's operational status in Ukraine had visually been confirmed as were its use in the attack and its successful integration to Ukrainian [[Su-24]] bombers.<ref>[https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/french-scalp-eg-cruise-missiles-officially-in-use-in-ukraine French SCALP-EG Cruise Missiles Officially In Use In Ukraine]. ''The Drive''. 6 August 2023.</ref>

Russia claimed Ukraine used Storm Shadow missiles to strike industrial sites in [[Luhansk]] on 13 May 2023, just two days after their delivery had been announced.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russia-says-ukraine-used-storm-shadow-missiles-britain-attack-luhansk-2023-05-13/ Russia says Ukraine used Storm Shadow missiles from Britain to attack Luhansk]. ''[[Reuters]]''. 13 May 2023.</ref> According to a report by Russian news outlet [[Izvestia]], the cruise missiles are launched from specially modified [[Su-24]] strike aircraft and fly under the cover of [[MiG-29]] and [[Su-27]] fighters equipped with [[AGM-88 HARM]]s. Ukrainian command also uses [[UAV]]s and [[ADM-160 MALD]] decoys to divert Russian air defenses and protect the aircraft and ordnance from being intercepted.<ref>[https://eurasiantimes.com/ukraines-specially-modified-warplane-under-cover-of-mig-29/ Ukraine's 'Specially Modified' Warplane Under Cover Of MiG-29 & Su-27 Pounds Russia With Storm Shadow Missiles; UK Confirms Its Use]. ''The EurAsian Times''. 19 May 2023.</ref> [[List of Ministers of Defense (Ukraine)|Ukraine's Minister of Defense]] [[Oleksii Reznikov]] confirmed the Su-24 as the [[Ukrainian Air Force]]'s Storm Shadow launch platform, tweeting a photo of a Su-24MR with a missile on each of its inboard underwing pylons.<ref>[https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/su-24-fencer-is-ukraines-storm-shadow-missile-carrier Su-24 Fencer Is Ukraine's Storm Shadow Missile Carrier]. ''The Drive''. 24 May 2023.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=25 May 2023|title=Ukraine conflict: Ukraine employing Su-24 to carry Storm Shadow, defence minister reveals|url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/ukraine-conflict-ukraine-employing-su-24-to-carry-storm-shadow-defence-minister-reveals|access-date=|website=[[Janes Information Services]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526071957/https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/ukraine-conflict-ukraine-employing-su-24-to-carry-storm-shadow-defence-minister-reveals|archive-date=26 May 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> The pylons use an adaptor derived from retired RAF [[Tornado GR4]] aircraft.<ref>{{cite news |title=Retired Tornado parts used to launch Ukrainian Storm Shadows |url=https://ukdefencejournal.org.uk/retired-tornado-parts-used-to-launch-ukrainian-storm-shadows/ |access-date=29 September 2023 |work=[[UK Defence Journal]] |date=2 July 2023}}</ref>

Reznikov said at the end of May that the missiles had hit 100% of their targets,<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://news.yahoo.com/storm-shadow-missiles-show-100-180300950.html |title= Storm Shadow missiles show 100% efficiency in Ukraine – Ukraine's Defence Minister |date=May 29, 2023|website= Yahoo! News}}</ref><ref>[https://www.forces.net/ukraine/storm-shadow-missiles-have-hit-100-intended-russian-targets-ukraines-mod-says Ukraine says Storm Shadow missiles have hit '100%' of intended Russian targets]. ''[[Forces.net]]''. 30 May 2023.</ref> although [[Ministry of Defence (Russia)|Russia's Defence Ministry]] has claimed to have shot some down.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-05-27 |title=Russian forces intercept two British Storm Shadow missiles, defence ministry says |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russian-forces-intercept-two-british-storm-shadow-missiles-defence-ministry-2023-05-27/ |access-date=2023-05-29}}</ref><ref>[https://www.businessinsider.com/ukraine-storm-shadow-missiles-hit-100-targets-defense-ministry-2023-5 Ukraine's defense ministry says its Storm Shadow long-range missiles have hit 100% of their targets]. ''[[Business Insider]]''. 28 May 2023.</ref>

On 12 June, a strike which involved the Storm Shadow killed Major General [[Sergey Goryachev]] in [[Zaporizhzhia Oblast]]. At the time he was Chief of Staff of the [[35th Combined Arms Army]].<ref>{{cite news |author= Allison Quinn|url= https://finance.yahoo.com/news/russians-mourn-best-general-ukraine-115904638.html |title= Russians Mourn 'Best' General as Ukraine Counteroffensive Gains Ground |date=13 June 2023 |work= Yahoo! News}}</ref> On 22 June, the [[Chonhar Strait|Chonhar road bridge]] connecting Crimea with [[Kherson Oblast]] was struck by a Storm Shadow missile to interrupt Russian logistics.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/06/22/ukraine-zelensky-zaporizhzhia-nuclear-plant/|newspaper=Washington Post|title=Zelensky says Russia is planning to sabotage Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant}}</ref><ref>[https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/ukraine-strikes-key-bridge-to-crimea-hints-at-more-long-range-attacks Ukraine Strikes Key Bridge To Crimea, Hints At More Long-Range Attacks]. ''The Drive/The War Zone''. 22 June 2023.</ref> A largely intact Storm Shadow crashed in Zaporizhzhia in early July. [[TASS]] claimed Russian forces had shot it down and recovered the wreckage to study the missile's design and help develop countermeasures to it.<ref>[https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/crashed-storm-shadow-missile-falls-into-russian-hands Crashed Storm Shadow Missile Falls Into Russian Hands]. ''The Drive/The War Zone''. 5 July 2023.</ref><ref>[https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-says-intact-storm-shadow-missile-studying-parts-ukraine-2023-7 Russia says it's snagged the intact parts of a Storm Shadow missile, and can now study the British-made munition that's been devastating its operations in Ukraine from long range]. ''[[Business Insider]]''. 7 July 2023.</ref>

On 9 July 2023, Storm Shadow/SCALP missile was shot down by Russian air defence and captured later.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-09 |title=Russian troops seize near intact UK Storm Shadow missile |url=https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2023/07/09/russian-troops-seize-near-intact-uk-storm-shadow-missile/ |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=Modern Diplomacy |language=en-US}}</ref>

On 29 July 2023, a Storm Shadow or SCALP missile hit the Chongar Strait railway bridge linking occupied Crimea with the Kherson Oblast, landing between the two tracks on the bridge approach.<ref>[https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/french-scalp-eg-cruise-missiles-officially-in-use-in-ukraine French SCALP-EG Cruise Missiles Officially In Use In Ukraine]. ''The Drive''. 6 August 2023.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ukraine Situation Report: Key Crimean Railway Bridge Targeted In Missile Strike |url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/ukraine-situation-report-key-crimean-railway-bridge-targeted-in-missile-strike |date=31 July 2023}}</ref>

On 13 September 2023, Storm Shadow and/or SCALP missiles were used in a strike against the [[Sevastopol]] port,<ref>[https://news.sky.com/story/ukraine-says-bomber-deployed-british-and-french-cruise-missiles-perfectly-in-major-attack-on-russian-navy-12962116 Ukraine says bomber deployed British and French cruise missiles 'perfectly' in major attack on Russian navy]. ''Sky News''. 15 September 2023.</ref><ref>[https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/russian-submarine-shows-massive-damage-after-ukrainian-strike Russian Submarine Shows Massive Damage After Ukrainian Strike]. ''The Drive''. 18 September 2023.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=British cruise missiles were used in significant Ukrainian attack on Russian submarine |url=https://news.sky.com/story/ukraine-strikes-russian-submarine-and-landing-ship-in-audacious-assault-on-crimea-naval-base-12960336 |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=Sky News |language=en}}</ref> seriously damaging the ''[[Russian submarine B-237|Rostov na Donu]]'' submarine and seriously damaging (according to some sources, beyond repair<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-24 |title=Attack On Europe: Documenting Russian Equipment Losses During The Russian Invasion Of Ukraine |url=https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2022/02/attack-on-europe-documenting-equipment.html |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=Oryx}}</ref>) the [[Ropucha-class landing ship|Ropucha-class]] landing ship ''[[Russian landing ship Minsk|Minsk]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Two Russian Navy Black sea ships hit by missiles, one destroyed VIDEO |url=https://www.fleetmon.com/maritime-news/2023/42945/two-russian-navy-black-sea-ships-hit-missiles-one-/ |date=13 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-09-13 |title=Ukraine launches missile attack on Crimea |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66793900 |access-date=2023-09-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Edwards |first=Tim|date=2023-09-13 |title=Ukrainian missiles strike Russian warships in Crimean naval base |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/09/13/europe/crimea-missile-attack-ukraine-russia-intl/index.html |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref>

On 22 September 2023, at least three Storm Shadow and/or SCALP missiles [[2023 missile strike on the Sevastopol Naval Base|hit]] the [[Black Sea Fleet]] headquarters in Sevastopol.<ref>[https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/black-sea-fleet-headquarters-takes-direct-hit-from-cruise-missile Black Sea Fleet Headquarters Takes Direct Hit From Cruise Missile]. ''The Drive''. 22 September 2023.</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66887524 Ukraine hits HQ of Russia's symbolic Black Sea navy]. ''BBC''. 22 September 2023.</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Storm Shadow missile 'tears open' Black Sea Fleet HQ in Crimea |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/09/22/british-storm-shadow-strikes-black-sea-fleet-hq-in-crimea |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=Telegraph |date=22 September 2023 |language=en |last1=Barnes |first1=Joe }}</ref> According to the Ukraine military, the missile attack  [[2023 missile strike on the Sevastopol Naval Base|targeted a meeting of the Russian Navy's leadership.]] "After the hit of the headquarters of the Russian Black Sea Fleet, 34 officers were killed, including the commander of the Russian Black Sea Fleet", they said. While no confirmation of [[Viktor Sokolov (naval officer)|Sokolov]]'s alleged death is known, neither has any reliable source depicted him as alive and well since the attack took place. They also claimed that the strike wounded at least 100 other Russian service personnel.<ref name="Rob Picheta 2023 s715">{{cite web | last=Picheta | first=Rob | title=Ukraine claims commander of Russia's Black Sea Fleet was killed in Sevastopol attack | website=CNN | date=2023-09-25 | url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/09/25/europe/russia-commander-killed-ukraine-attack-intl/index.html | access-date=2023-09-25}}</ref>

On 26 December 2023 it is believed two Storm Shadow and/or SCALP missiles were launched against the Russian occupied port of [[Feodosia]] with the [[Russian landing ship Novocherkassk]] being hit and turned into a burning wreck.<ref>[https://www.rfi.fr/fr/europe/20231227-frappe-ukrainienne-en-mer-noire-la-marine-russe-est-d%C3%A9sormais-sur-la-d%C3%A9fensive Frappe ukrainienne en mer Noire: «La marine russe est désormais sur la défensive»]. ''RFI''. 27 December 2023.</ref><ref>[https://www.meretmarine.com/fr/defense/la-marine-russe-a-perdu-un-batiment-de-debarquement-de-chars-en-mer-noire La marine russe a perdu un bâtiment de débarquement de chars en mer Noire]. ''Mer et Marine''. 27 December 2023.</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Watch: Russian warship sunk in suspected Storm Shadow missile attack |newspaper=The Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/12/26/russian-warship-destroyed-in-ukrainian-attack-on-crimea/ |date=26 December 2023 |last1=Kilner |first1=James }}</ref>

At a news conference on 28 May 2024, French President Macron said he permitted Ukraine to use SCALP missiles to strike targets inside Russia, a major departure from previous guidelines that restricted the use of foreign-supplied weapons only to occupied territory. This expansion of use is still restricted to neutralization of military facilities being used for attacks into Ukraine.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wsj.com/world/europe/macron-permits-ukraine-to-use-french-missiles-to-strike-inside-russia-within-limits-80fe5908?mod=world_lead_story |title=Macron Allows Ukraine to Use French Missiles to Strike Inside Russia |first= |last= |date=28 May 2024 |access-date=28 May 2024 |url-access=subscription |work=[[Wall Street Journal]] |publisher= }}</ref>

In July 2024, the British Prime Minister [[Keir Starmer]] announced that the British government would allow the defensive use of Storm Shadow missiles on targets inside Russia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Keir Starmer gives go-ahead for British missiles to be used in strikes against targets inside Russia |url=https://news.sky.com/story/keir-starmer-gives-go-ahead-for-british-missiles-to-be-used-in-strikes-against-targets-inside-russia-13176370 |access-date=2024-07-11 |website=Sky News |language=en}}</ref>

On 25 September 2024, Russian President [[Vladimir Putin]] warned the West that if attacked with conventional weapons Russia would consider a [[Nuclear warfare|nuclear retaliation]],<ref>{{cite news |title=The Unthinkable: What Nuclear War In Europe Would Look Like |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/nuclear-war-europe-russia-ukraine/33137063.html |work=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |date=27 September 2024}}</ref> in an apparent deviation from the [[no first use]] doctrine.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Vladimir Putin warns west he will consider using nuclear weapons |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/sep/25/vladimir-putin-warns-west-nuclear-weapons |work=The Guardian |first= Pjotr |last= Sauer |date= 2024-09-25 |access-date=2024-09-26}}</ref> Putin went on to threaten [[List of states with nuclear weapons|nuclear powers]] that if they supported another country's attack on Russia, then they would be considered participants in such an aggression.<ref>{{cite news |title=Putin's nuclear red line: Does he actually mean it? |url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/defence-and-security/news/putins-nuclear-read-line-does-he-actually-mean-it/ |work=[[Euractiv]] |date=27 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Putin's nuclear threats: empty rhetoric or a shift in battlefield strategy? |url=https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20240927-vladimir-putin-nuclear-weapons-declaration-more-than-an-empty-threat-ukraine-nato-us-war |work=[[France 24]] |date=27 September 2024}}</ref> Experts say Putin's announcement is aimed at dissuading the United States, the United Kingdom and France from allowing Ukraine to use Western-supplied long-range missiles such as the [[ATACMS]] and Storm Shadow in [[Attacks in Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine|strikes against Russia]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Putin lowers bar for nuclear strike amid Ukraine attacks: Why it matters |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/9/26/putin-lowers-bar-for-nuclear-strike-amid-ukraine-attacks-why-it-matters |work=Al Jazeera |date=26 September 2024}}</ref>

On 20 November 2024, Ukraine was reported to have fired British Storm Shadow missiles into Russia for the first time.
The use of Storm Shadow missiles comes after Russia launched a counteroffensive in Kursk, which was invaded by Ukrainian troops in August. It also follows the [[Biden administration]]'s decision to give Ukraine the green light to use US-made long-range missiles inside Russia earlier this week. Kyiv first used ATACMS to strike a military facility in [[Bryansk]] early on 19 November.
<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2024/11/20/russia-ukraine-zelensky-putin-war-latest-news57/ |title=Ukraine fires British Storm Shadow missiles into Russia for first time |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=20 November 2024 |website=telegraph.co.uk |publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=20 November 2024 |quote=}}</ref>

It was later reported that the 20 November strikes had allegedly hit a command post, killing Russian general [[Valery Solodchuk|Lt-Gen Valery Solodchuk]] and North Korean troops.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Russian general and hundreds of North Korean troops 'killed in first UK-supplied Storm Shadow missile' strike |url=https://www.gbnews.com/news/world/russian-general-hundreds-north-korean-troops-killed-uk-storm-shadow-missile-strike |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=www.gbnews.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Stewart |first=Will |last2=Doyle |first2=Liam |date=2024-11-23 |title=Top Putin general and 500 North Korean troops 'killed in UK Storm Shadow strike' |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/breaking-kremlin-general-500-north-34174538 |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=The Mirror |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-23 |title=Storm Shadow Strike Reportedly Kills 500 North Korean Soldiers and 18 Russian Officers in Kursk Region |url=https://united24media.com/latest-news/storm-shadow-strike-reportedly-kills-500-north-korean-soldiers-and-18-russian-officers-in-kursk-region-3960 |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=UNITED24 Media |language=en}}</ref>

==Export variant==

===Black Shaheen===
Developed by France for export to the United Arab Emirates for use with its [[Mirage 2000]], modifications were made to reduce the range reportedly to {{convert|290|km|nmi mi|abbr=on}} in order to comply with [[Missile Technology Control Regime]] guidelines.<ref name=CSIS/>

==MdCN==
{{main|MdCN (missile)}}
In 2006, [[MBDA|MBDA France]]<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=4 July 2013 |title=Communiqué de presse |url=https://www.mbda-systems.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Press-release-2013-07-05-FR.pdf}}</ref> began the development of a more potent deep strike naval cruise missile to be deployed on a new series of French warships and submarines for land-attack operations in order to complement the SCALP/Storm Shadow. This '''Missile de Croisière Naval (MdCN)''',<ref name="urlMdCN (Missile De Croisière Naval – Naval Cruise Missile) – Naval Technology">{{Cite news|url=https://www.naval-technology.com/projects/mdcn-missile-croisiere-naval/|title=MdCN (Missile De Croisière Naval – Naval Cruise Missile), France|newspaper=Naval Technology|access-date=2 January 2022}}</ref> formerly dubbed ''SCALP Naval'', became operational on the French [[FREMM multipurpose frigate]]s in 2017<ref>[http://www.upi.com/Defense-News/2017/06/07/French-frigates-getting-cruise-missiles/4111496820728/ French frigates getting cruise missiles] – UPI.com, 7 June 2017</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-3551784821.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924204402/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-3551784821.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 September 2015|title=Final Qualification Firing for French Naval Cruise Missile|work=Sea Technology|date=1 December 2014|access-date=15 August 2015}}</ref> and on {{sclass2|Barracuda|submarine|1||France}}s in June 2022,<ref name="navalnews.com">{{cite web |date=3 June 2022 |title=French Navy's 1st Suffren-class Nuclear Powered Submarine Enters Service |url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2022/06/french-navys-1st-suffren-class-nuclear-powered-submarine-enters-service/}}</ref> using the A70 version of the Sylver launcher on the former<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/naval-exhibitions/2018/euronaval-2018/6536-french-navy-fitting-aster-30-long-range-sam-on-its-last-two-asw-fremm-frigates.html|title=French Navy Fitting Aster 30 Long Range SAM on its Last Two ASW FREMM Frigates|website=Navyrecognition.com|access-date=2 January 2022}}</ref> and the 533&nbsp;mm torpedo tubes on the latter.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2021/10/rare-access-inside-suffren-submarine/|title=World's Newest Class of Nuclear Attack Submarine: Rare Access Inside Suffren|first=Xavier|last=Vavasseur|website=Navalnews.com|date=21 October 2021|access-date=2 January 2022}}</ref> As it is not launched from a plane like the SCALP, the MdCN uses a booster during its launch phase to break out of the ship and gain some initial velocity.<ref name="Mer et Marine">{{cite web |date=16 June 2010 |title=Premier tir réussi pour le missile de croisière Scalp Naval |url=http://www.meretmarine.com/article.cfm?id=113468 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718104040/http://www.meretmarine.com/article.cfm?id=113468 |archive-date=18 July 2012 |access-date=24 May 2012 |website=Mer et Marine |publisher= |language=fr}}</ref>

Despite the fact that it was previously called SCALP Naval, it is not a variant of the Storm Shadow, has no stealth shaping, but is a more conventional, longer range sea-launched cruise missile, very similar to Tomahawk.

== Replacement ==
{{Main articles|Future Cruise/Anti-Ship Weapon}}
Between 2016 and 2018, [[France]] and the [[United Kingdom]] began jointly developing a replacement for Storm Shadow/SCALP for both the [[French Air and Space Force]] and the [[Royal Air Force]], as well as the [[Exocet]] and [[Harpoon (missile)|Harpoon]] [[anti-ship missile]]s for the [[French Navy]] and [[Royal Navy]]. As of 2022, the programme was examining two complementary concepts; a subsonic, [[Stealth technology|low observable]] missile and a [[Supersonic speed|supersonic]], highly manoeuvrable missile.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UK and France advance future cruise / anti-ship weapon project {{!}} Press Release |url=https://www.mbda-systems.com/press-releases/uk-and-france-advance-future-cruise-anti-ship-weapon-project/ |access-date=2023-11-01 |website=MBDA |language=en-US}}</ref> On 20 June 2023 at the [[Paris Air Show]], [[Italy]] signed a letter of intent to join the programme.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vavasseur |first=Xavier |date=2023-06-26 |title=Italy Joins France and the UK for FC/ASW Program |url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2023/06/italy-joins-france-and-the-uk-for-fc-asw-program/ |access-date=2023-11-01 |website=Naval News |language=en-US}}</ref> Italy confirmed its initial funding contribution in November and this also came with the announcement that the programme would produce a deep-strike land-attack missile by 2028 and an anti-ship missile by 2034.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Italy finally funds naval missile projects {{!}} Shephard |url=https://www.shephardmedia.com/news/naval-warfare/italy-finally-funds-naval-missile-projects/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=www.shephardmedia.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Operators==
[[File:Storm Shadow operators.png|thumb|400px|Operators of Storm Shadow in blue]]
[[File:Stormshadowcrop.JPG|thumb|Storm Shadow/SCALP EG]]

;{{EGY}}: 100+ delivered for the [[Egyptian Air Force]] as part of the [[Dassault Rafale]] deal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2021/02/15/missili-a-lungo-raggio-venduti-e-consegnati-allegitto-di-al-sisi-dal-consorzio-europeo-mbda-al-25-dellitaliana-leonardo/6101648/|title=Missili a lungo raggio venduti e consegnati all'Egitto di al-Sisi dal consorzio europeo Mbda (al 25% dell'italiana Leonardo)|date=15 February 2021|website=Il Fatto Quotidiano|access-date=2 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=3 Feb 2021|title=Egyptian Air Force displays SCALP cruise missile|url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/egyptian-air-force-displays-scalp-cruise-missile|access-date=11 Feb 2021|website=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://egyptindependent.com/photos-egypts-army-reveals-scalp-stealth-missiles/|title=Photos: Egypt's army reveals SCALP stealth missiles|website=Egyptindependent.com|date=3 February 2021|access-date=2 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/egyptian-air-force-displays-scalp-cruise-missile|title=Egyptian Air Force displays SCALP cruise missile|website=Janes.com|access-date=2 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://missilethreat.com/missiles/scalp-eg/|title=Scalp EG/Storm Shadow/Black Shaheen|access-date=7 May 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408041603/http://missilethreat.com/missiles/scalp-eg/|archive-date=8 April 2014}}</ref>
;{{FRA}}: 500 SCALP missiles ordered for the [[French Air and Space Force]] in 1998. 50 MdCNs ordered in 2006 and a further 150 ordered in 2009 for the [[French Navy]].<ref name=Francebudget2012>{{cite web | url=http://www.senat.fr/rap/a12-150-8/a12-150-815.html#toc290 | title=Projet de loi de finances pour 2013 : Défense : équipement des forces | language=fr | publisher=Senate of France | date=22 November 2012 | access-date=2013-11-07}}</ref>
; {{GRE}}: 90 ordered for the [[Hellenic Air Force]] in 2000 and 2003.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.haf.gr/arsenal/scalp-eg/|title=SCALP-EG|publisher=Hellenic Air Force|access-date=14 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newsbeast.gr/greece/arthro/2551156/i-polemiki-aeroporia-diatheti-piravlo-krouz|title=Η πολεμική αεροπορία διαθέτει πύραυλο κρουζ|website=Newsbeast.gr|access-date=14 April 2018}}</ref> More ordered and delivered in 2022 as part of the [[Dassault Rafale|Dassault Rafale F3R]] deal.<ref>{{cite news |title=All Greek Rafales will be at the latest F3R standard |url=https://www.meta-defense.fr/en/2020/09/25/all-greek-bursts-will-be-at-latest-f3r-standard/ |work=Meta-Defense |date=25 September 2020 |access-date=31 August 2021 |archive-date=15 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115192946/https://www.meta-defense.fr/en/2020/09/25/all-greek-bursts-will-be-at-latest-f3r-standard/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
;{{ITA}}: 200 ordered for the [[Aeronautica Militare]] in 1999.<ref name=missilethreat-20161202/>
;{{IND}}: Undisclosed number ordered for the [[Indian Air Force]] in 2016 as part of the [[Dassault Rafale]] deal.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Shukla|first1=Tarun|title=India signs $8.9 billion Rafale fighter jet deal with France|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/evf5K6CXgBWob80jHxbUgL/India-France-sign-89billion-dollar-Rafale-deal-for-36-fig.html|work=Livemint|date=23 September 2016}}</ref>
;{{QAT}}: 140 ordered for the [[Qatar Air Force]] in 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://airrecognition.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1745%20|title=Qatar Emiri Air Force To Get The Full Range of MBDA Missiles for its 24 Rafale fighters 0705152|website=Airrecognition.com|access-date=8 October 2015}}</ref>
;{{KSA}}: Undisclosed number ordered for the [[Royal Saudi Air Force]].<ref name=CSIS/><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.armscontrolwonk.com/archive/205127/saudi-storm-shadow-sale-confirmed/ |title=Saudi Storm Shadow Sale Confirmed |access-date=2021-06-25 |archive-date=2021-06-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625225722/https://www.armscontrolwonk.com/archive/205127/saudi-storm-shadow-sale-confirmed/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
;{{UKR}}: Undisclosed number donated by France, Italy, and the UK.
;{{ARE}}: Undisclosed number ordered for the [[United Arab Emirates Air Force]] in 1997. Known as ''Black Shaheen''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.defense-aerospace.com/article-view/release/31493/greece-orders-mica,-scalp-missiles-(jan.-9).html|title=MBDA to Supply MICA and SCALP EG / STORM SHADOW Missile Systems to the Hellenic Air Force|website=Defense-aerospace.com|access-date=2 January 2022|archive-date=11 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111091707/http://www.defense-aerospace.com/article-view/release/31493/greece-orders-mica,-scalp-missiles-(jan.-9).html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=CSIS/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/storm-shadow-missile/|title=Storm Shadow / SCALP Long-Range, Air-Launched, Stand-Off Attack Missile|newspaper=Airforce Technology|access-date=2 January 2022}}</ref>
;{{UK}}:  ''[[The Independent]]'' estimated the order for the Royal Air Force to be between 700 and 1,000.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bellamy |first1=Christopher |last2=Brown |first2=Colin |date=25 June 1996 |title=Thousands of jobs shielded by new military spending |work=The Independent |location=London}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}
* {{lwc|Kalibr (missile family)|3M14A}}
* {{lwc|AGM-129 ACM}}
* {{lwc|AGM-158 JASSM}}
* {{lwc|BrahMos#BrahMos-A|BrahMos-A}}
* {{lwc|Delilah (missile)|Delilah}}
* {{lwc|Hongniao#HN-1|HN-1}}
* {{lwc|HOPE/HOSBO}}
* {{lwc|Joint Strike Missile}}
* {{lwc|KD-88}}
* {{lwc|Kh-55}}
* {{lwc|P-800 Oniks|Kh-61/P-800}}
* {{lwc|AV-TM 300|MTC-300}}
* {{lwc|Popeye (missile)|Popeye}}
* {{lwc|Ra'ad-II}}
* {{lwc|Saber (cruise missile)|Saber}}
* {{lwc|SOM (missile)}}
* {{lwc|Taurus KEPD 350}}
* {{lwc|Wan Chien}}
* {{lwc|YJ-12}}
{{Div col end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons|Storm Shadow}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100701163919/http://www.mbda-systems.com/mbda/site/ref/scripts/siteFO_contenu.php?lang=EN&noeu_id=178&page_id=282 MBDA's SCALP Naval page]
* [http://www.raf.mod.uk/equipment/longrange.cfm RAF long-range air-to surface missiles page]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040603010411/http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/casom.htm FAS]
* [http://www.defense-update.com/products/s/storm-shadow.htm Storm Shadow Programme Update]

{{UKmissiles}}

[[Category:Cruise missiles of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Cruise missiles of France]]
[[Category:Naval cruise missiles]]
[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 2000s]]
[[Category:Post–Cold War missiles of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Cruise missiles]]
[[Category:Air-launched cruise missiles]]
[[Category:Military equipment of the Russian invasion of Ukraine]]
[[Category:Stealth cruise missiles]]
[[Category:MBDA]]
[[Category:Surface-to-surface missiles of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Surface-to-surface missiles of France]]