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{{Short description|Geologic formation in New Mexico, US}}
{{Infobox rockunit
{{Infobox rockunit
| name = Glorieta Sandstone
| name = Glorieta Sandstone
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| type = [[Formation (stratigraphy)|Formation]]
| type = [[Formation (stratigraphy)|Formation]]
| period = Kungurian
| period = Kungurian
| age = [[Kungurian]]
| age = {{Geological range|Kungurian}}
| prilithology = [[Sandstone]]
| prilithology = [[Sandstone]]
| otherlithology =
| otherlithology =
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| lat_deg = 35.4938
| lat_deg = 35.4938
| lon_deg = -105.6931
| lon_deg = -105.6931
| mark = Lightgreen pog.svg
| mark = Red pog.svg
| marksize = 12
| marksize = 12
}}
}}
}}
}}
| map_caption = Outcrop map of Glorieta Sandstone in [[New Mexico]].
| map_caption = Outcrop map of Glorieta Sandstone in [[New Mexico]] with type location indicated
}}
}}


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==Description==
==Description==
The Glorietta Sandstone is a massive yellowish brown to light gray, cliff-forming, fine to medium grained, very mature quartzarenite [[sandstone]] that weathers to reddish brown.<ref name="Sakuraf_etal_1995">Sakuraf ''et al.'' 1995</ref><ref name="krainer-lucas-2015">Krainer and Lucas 2015</ref> At the type section, about 33% of the formation is trough-crossbedded sandstone with beds up to {{convert|1.3|m|feet|abbr=off}} thick and with large foresets. Another 27% of the formation is wind-ripple laminated sandstone. Many beds are extremely well cemented.<ref name="krainer-lucas-2015"/> The formation is exposed in most of the flanking uplifts of the [[Rio Grande Rift]]<ref name="needham_1943"/> and extends in the subsurface to west Texas.<ref name="Sakuraf_etal_1995"/> It is particularly prominent in [[Glorieta Pass]] but extends west to the [[Jemez Mountains]] (where it pinches out in the central [[Nacimiento Mountains]]) and south to the [[Socorro, New Mexico|Socorro]] area.<ref name="needham_1943"/>
The Glorietta Sandstone is a massive yellowish brown to light gray, cliff-forming, fine to medium grained, very mature [[quartzarenite]] [[sandstone]] that weathers to reddish brown.{{sfn|Sakuraf|Loucks|Gardner|1995}}{{sfn|Krainer|Lucas|2015}} At the [[type section]], about 33% of the formation is trough-[[crossbedded]] sandstone with beds up to {{convert|1.3|m|feet|abbr=off}} thick and with large foresets. Another 27% of the formation is wind-ripple laminated sandstone. Many beds are extremely well cemented.{{sfn|Krainer|Lucas|2015}} The formation is exposed in most of the flanking uplifts of the [[Rio Grande Rift]]{{sfn|Needham|Bates|1943}} and extends in the subsurface to west Texas.{{sfn|Sakuraf|Loucks|Gardner|1995}} It is particularly prominent in [[Glorieta Pass]] but extends west to the [[Jemez Mountains]] (where it pinches out in the central [[Nacimiento Mountains]]) and south to the [[Socorro, New Mexico|Socorro]] area.{{sfn|Needham|Bates|1943}}


The Glorieta Sandstone is of [[Kungurian]] (upper Leonardian)<ref name="mack-bauer-2014">Mack and Bauer 2014</ref> age and forms a ledge at or near the top of the Permian section throughout central New Mexico. It rests conformably on the [[Yeso Group]] and is overlain either conformably by thin beds of the [[San Andres Formation, United States|San Andres Formation]] or disconformably with Triassic beds. At the type section at Glorieta Pass, is interpreted as a dune field overlain by eolian sheet deposits.<ref name="krainer-lucas-2015"/> Further south, it shows cross stratification suggesting subaqueous deposition, except for local coastal eolian deposition.<ref name="baars-1974">Baars 1974</ref> The presence of [[foram]]s and herringbone crossbedding also suggests a shallow marine environment.<ref name="krainer-lucas-2015"/>
The Glorieta Sandstone is of [[Kungurian]] (upper Leonardian) age{{sfn|Mack|Bauer|2014}} and forms a ledge at or near the top of the Permian section throughout central New Mexico. It rests conformably on the [[Yeso Group]] and is overlain either conformably by thin beds of the [[San Andres Formation, United States|San Andres Formation]] or disconformably with [[Triassic]] beds. At the type section at Glorieta Pass, is interpreted as a dune field overlain by eolian sheet deposits.{{sfn|Krainer|Lucas|2015}} Further south, it shows cross stratification suggesting subaqueous deposition, except for local coastal eolian deposition.{{sfn|Baars|1974}} The presence of [[foram]]s and herringbone crossbedding also suggests a shallow marine environment.{{sfn|Krainer|Lucas|2015}}


The Glorieta Sandstone likely correlates with the [[Coconino Sandstone]] of [[Arizona]], from which it was separated by the Defiance uplift.<ref name="baars_1961">Baars 1961</ref> [[Detrital zircon geochronology]] suggests that both formations were derived from [[Wind erosion|deflation]] of an arid transcontinental river system originating in the [[Appalachian orogeny|Appalachian]]-[[Ouachita orogeny|Ouachita]] [[orogen]] and [[Canadian Shield]] with some local sediment sources in the [[Ancestral Rocky Mountains]]. However, the Glorieta Sandstone is thinner, with a maximum thickness of less than {{convert|90|meters|feet}} and dune height of {{convert|7|meters|feet}} versus a thickness of {{convert|305|meters|feet}} and dune height of {{convert|21|meters|feet}} for the Coconino Sandstone. The Glorieta Sandstone was deposited by trade winds from the northeast while the Coconino Sandstone was deposited by onshore winds from the north and northwest. Tongues of the Glorieta Sandstone are found up to {{convert|150|km|miles}} southward into the San Andres Formation, and marine carbonate beds within the Glorieta Sandstone record repeated northward marine transgressions.<ref name="mack-bauer-2014"/>
The Glorieta Sandstone likely correlates with the [[Coconino Sandstone]] of [[Arizona]], from which it was separated by the [[Defiance Uplift]].{{sfn|Baars|1961}} [[Detrital zircon geochronology]] suggests that both formations were derived from [[Wind erosion|deflation]] of an arid transcontinental river system originating in the [[Appalachian orogeny|Appalachian]]-[[Ouachita orogeny|Ouachita]] [[orogen]] and [[Canadian Shield]] with some local sediment sources in the [[Ancestral Rocky Mountains]]. However, the Glorieta Sandstone is thinner, with a maximum thickness of less than {{convert|90|meters|feet}} and dune height of {{convert|7|meters|feet}} versus a thickness of {{convert|305|meters|feet}} and dune height of {{convert|21|meters|feet}} for the Coconino Sandstone. The Glorieta Sandstone was deposited by trade winds from the northeast while the Coconino Sandstone was deposited by onshore winds from the north and northwest. Tongues of the Glorieta Sandstone are found up to {{convert|150|km|miles}} southward into the San Andres Formation, and marine carbonate beds within the Glorieta Sandstone record repeated northward marine transgressions.{{sfn|Mack|Bauer|2014}}


<gallery>
<gallery>
File:Glorieta Formation.jpg|thumb|Another view of the Glorieta Formation (upper white beds) at Glorieta Mesa.
File:Glorieta Formation.jpg|Another view of the Glorieta Formation (upper white beds) at Glorieta Mesa.
File:Glorieta road cut.jpg|thumb|Road cut in the Glorieta Sandstone along I-25 near Bernal.
File:Glorieta road cut.jpg|Road cut in the Glorieta Sandstone along I-25 near Bernal.
</gallery>
</gallery>


==History of investigation==
==History of investigation==
Keyes first named the formation in 1915,<ref name="Keyes_1915">Keyes 1915</ref> mistaking it for a local tongue of the [[Dakota Formation]].<ref name="krainer-lucas-2015"/> It was long considered either the uppermost member of the [[Yeso Formation]] or the lowermost member of the San Andres Formation but was raised to formation rank in 1943.<ref name="needham_1943">Needham 1943</ref>
Keyes first named the formation in 1915,{{sfn|Keyes|1915}} mistaking it for a local tongue of the [[Dakota Formation]].{{sfn|Krainer|Lucas|2015}} It was long considered either the uppermost member of the [[Yeso Formation]] or the lowermost member of the San Andres Formation but was raised to formation rank in 1943.{{sfn|Needham|Bates|1943}}


==Footnotes==
==Footnotes==
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==References==
==References==
* {{cite journal |last1=Baars |first1=D.L. |title=Permian Blanket Sandstones of Colorado Plateau |journal=AAPG Special Publication Series |date=1961 |volume=22 |pages=179-207 |url=http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/sandsto1/data/a055/a055/0001/0150/0179.htm |accessdate=28 April 2020}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Baars |first1=D.L. |title=Permian Blanket Sandstones of Colorado Plateau |journal=AAPG Special Publication Series |date=1961 |volume=22 |pages=179-207 |url=http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/sandsto1/data/a055/a055/0001/0150/0179.htm |access-date=28 April 2020}}
* {{cite web |last1=Baars |first1=D.L. |title=Permian rocks of north-central New Mexico |journal=New Mexico Geological Society Annual Fall Field Conference Guidebook Series |issue=25 |date=1974 |pages=167–169 |url=https://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/downloads/25/25_p0167_p0169.pdf |accessdate=5 June 2019}}
* {{cite web |last1=Baars |first1=D.L. |title=Permian rocks of north-central New Mexico |journal=New Mexico Geological Society Annual Fall Field Conference Guidebook Series |issue=25 |date=1974 |pages=167–169 |url=https://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/downloads/25/25_p0167_p0169.pdf |access-date=5 June 2019}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Keyes |first1=C.R. |title=Foundation of exact geologic correlation |journal=Iowa Academy of Science Proceedings |date=1915 |volume=22 |pages=249-267 |url=https://scholarworks.uni.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6621&context=pias |accessdate=20 September 2020}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Keyes |first1=C.R. |title=Foundation of exact geologic correlation |journal=Iowa Academy of Science Proceedings |date=1915 |volume=22 |pages=249-267 |url=https://scholarworks.uni.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6621&context=pias |access-date=20 September 2020}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Krainer |first1=Karl |last2=Lucas |first2=Spencer G. |title=Type Section of the Lower Permian Glorieta Sandstone, San Miguel County, New Mexico |journal=New Mexico Geological Society Field Conference Series |date=2015 |volume=66 |url=https://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/downloads/66/66_p0205_p0210.pdf |accessdate=15 June 2020}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Krainer |first1=Karl |last2=Lucas |first2=Spencer G. |title=Type Section of the Lower Permian Glorieta Sandstone, San Miguel County, New Mexico |journal=New Mexico Geological Society Field Conference Series |date=2015 |volume=66 |url=https://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/downloads/66/66_p0205_p0210.pdf |access-date=15 June 2020}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Mack |first1=Greg H. |last2=Bauer |first2=Edward M. |title=Depositional environments, sediment dispersal, and provenance of the early Permian (Leonardian) Glorieta Sandstone, central New Mexico |journal=Geological Society of New Mexico Field Conference Series |date=2014 |volume=65 |url=https://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/downloads/65/65_p0261_p0271.pdf |accessdate=27 July 2020}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Mack |first1=Greg H. |last2=Bauer |first2=Edward M. |title=Depositional environments, sediment dispersal, and provenance of the early Permian (Leonardian) Glorieta Sandstone, central New Mexico |journal=Geological Society of New Mexico Field Conference Series |date=2014 |volume=65 |url=https://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/downloads/65/65_p0261_p0271.pdf |access-date=27 July 2020}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Needham |first1=C. E. |last2=Bates |first2=R. L. |title=Permian type sections in central New Mexico |journal=Geological Society of America Bulletin |date=1 November 1943 |volume=54 |issue=11 |pages=1653–1668 |doi=10.1130/GSAB-54-1653}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Needham |first1=C. E. |last2=Bates |first2=R. L. |title=Permian type sections in central New Mexico |journal=Geological Society of America Bulletin |date=1 November 1943 |volume=54 |issue=11 |pages=1653–1668 |doi=10.1130/GSAB-54-1653}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Sakuraf |first1=Shinichi |last2=Loucks |first2=Robert G. |last3=Gardner |first3=John S. |title=Nmr Core Analysis Of Lower San Andres/Glorieta/Upper Clear Fork (Permian) Carbonates: Central Basin Platform, West Texas |journal=SPWLA Annual Logging Symposium |date=1995 |volume=36 |url=https://www.onepetro.org/conference-paper/SPWLA-1995-M |accessdate=28 April 2020}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Sakuraf |first1=Shinichi |last2=Loucks |first2=Robert G. |last3=Gardner |first3=John S. |title=Nmr Core Analysis Of Lower San Andres/Glorieta/Upper Clear Fork (Permian) Carbonates: Central Basin Platform, West Texas |journal=SPWLA Annual Logging Symposium |date=1995 |volume=36 |url=https://www.onepetro.org/conference-paper/SPWLA-1995-M |access-date=28 April 2020}}


{{Chronostratigraphy of Colorado|Paleozoic state=expanded}}
{{Chronostratigraphy of Colorado|Paleozoic state=expanded}}


[[Category:Permian formations of New Mexico]]
[[Category:Permian formations of New Mexico]]
[[Category:Sandstone formations of the United States]]

Latest revision as of 21:48, 18 February 2022

Glorieta Sandstone
Stratigraphic range: Kungurian
Glorieta Sandstone type section
TypeFormation
UnderliesSan Andres Formation
OverliesYeso Group
Thickness81 m (266 ft) (maximum)
Lithology
PrimarySandstone
Location
Coordinates35°29′38″N 105°41′35″W / 35.4938°N 105.6931°W / 35.4938; -105.6931
RegionNew Mexico
CountryUnited States
Type section
Named forGlorieta Pass
Named byCharles Rollin Keyes
Year defined1915
Glorieta Sandstone is located in New Mexico
Glorieta Sandstone
Glorieta Sandstone (New Mexico)

Outcrop map of Glorieta Sandstone in New Mexico with type location indicated

The Glorieta Sandstone is a geologic formation in New Mexico. It preserves fossils characteristic of the Kungurian age of the Permian geology.

Description

[edit]

The Glorietta Sandstone is a massive yellowish brown to light gray, cliff-forming, fine to medium grained, very mature quartzarenite sandstone that weathers to reddish brown.[1][2] At the type section, about 33% of the formation is trough-crossbedded sandstone with beds up to 1.3 metres (4.3 feet) thick and with large foresets. Another 27% of the formation is wind-ripple laminated sandstone. Many beds are extremely well cemented.[2] The formation is exposed in most of the flanking uplifts of the Rio Grande Rift[3] and extends in the subsurface to west Texas.[1] It is particularly prominent in Glorieta Pass but extends west to the Jemez Mountains (where it pinches out in the central Nacimiento Mountains) and south to the Socorro area.[3]

The Glorieta Sandstone is of Kungurian (upper Leonardian) age[4] and forms a ledge at or near the top of the Permian section throughout central New Mexico. It rests conformably on the Yeso Group and is overlain either conformably by thin beds of the San Andres Formation or disconformably with Triassic beds. At the type section at Glorieta Pass, is interpreted as a dune field overlain by eolian sheet deposits.[2] Further south, it shows cross stratification suggesting subaqueous deposition, except for local coastal eolian deposition.[5] The presence of forams and herringbone crossbedding also suggests a shallow marine environment.[2]

The Glorieta Sandstone likely correlates with the Coconino Sandstone of Arizona, from which it was separated by the Defiance Uplift.[6] Detrital zircon geochronology suggests that both formations were derived from deflation of an arid transcontinental river system originating in the Appalachian-Ouachita orogen and Canadian Shield with some local sediment sources in the Ancestral Rocky Mountains. However, the Glorieta Sandstone is thinner, with a maximum thickness of less than 90 meters (300 ft) and dune height of 7 meters (23 ft) versus a thickness of 305 meters (1,001 ft) and dune height of 21 meters (69 ft) for the Coconino Sandstone. The Glorieta Sandstone was deposited by trade winds from the northeast while the Coconino Sandstone was deposited by onshore winds from the north and northwest. Tongues of the Glorieta Sandstone are found up to 150 kilometres (93 mi) southward into the San Andres Formation, and marine carbonate beds within the Glorieta Sandstone record repeated northward marine transgressions.[4]

  • Another view of the Glorieta Formation (upper white beds) at Glorieta Mesa.
    Another view of the Glorieta Formation (upper white beds) at Glorieta Mesa.
  • Road cut in the Glorieta Sandstone along I-25 near Bernal.
    Road cut in the Glorieta Sandstone along I-25 near Bernal.

History of investigation

[edit]

Keyes first named the formation in 1915,[7] mistaking it for a local tongue of the Dakota Formation.[2] It was long considered either the uppermost member of the Yeso Formation or the lowermost member of the San Andres Formation but was raised to formation rank in 1943.[3]

Footnotes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Sakuraf, Loucks & Gardner 1995.
  2. ^ a b c d e Krainer & Lucas 2015.
  3. ^ a b c Needham & Bates 1943.
  4. ^ a b Mack & Bauer 2014.
  5. ^ Baars 1974.
  6. ^ Baars 1961.
  7. ^ Keyes 1915.

References

[edit]
  • Baars, D.L. (1961). "Permian Blanket Sandstones of Colorado Plateau". AAPG Special Publication Series. 22: 179–207. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  • Baars, D.L. (1974). "Permian rocks of north-central New Mexico" (PDF). New Mexico Geological Society Annual Fall Field Conference Guidebook Series. pp. 167–169. Retrieved 5 June 2019.
  • Keyes, C.R. (1915). "Foundation of exact geologic correlation". Iowa Academy of Science Proceedings. 22: 249–267. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
  • Krainer, Karl; Lucas, Spencer G. (2015). "Type Section of the Lower Permian Glorieta Sandstone, San Miguel County, New Mexico" (PDF). New Mexico Geological Society Field Conference Series. 66. Retrieved 15 June 2020.
  • Mack, Greg H.; Bauer, Edward M. (2014). "Depositional environments, sediment dispersal, and provenance of the early Permian (Leonardian) Glorieta Sandstone, central New Mexico" (PDF). Geological Society of New Mexico Field Conference Series. 65. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  • Needham, C. E.; Bates, R. L. (1 November 1943). "Permian type sections in central New Mexico". Geological Society of America Bulletin. 54 (11): 1653–1668. doi:10.1130/GSAB-54-1653.
  • Sakuraf, Shinichi; Loucks, Robert G.; Gardner, John S. (1995). "Nmr Core Analysis Of Lower San Andres/Glorieta/Upper Clear Fork (Permian) Carbonates: Central Basin Platform, West Texas". SPWLA Annual Logging Symposium. 36. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
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