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{{short description|Submarine-launched ballistic missile}}
⚫
{{Infobox Weapon
⚫
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
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{{Infobox weapon
|name= Julang-1 (JL-1), NATO : CSS-N-3
|name= Julang-1 (JL-1), NATO : CSS-N-3
|image= [[Image:JL-1 and JL-2.PNG|250px]]
| image= JL-1 and JL-2.PNG
| image_size = 250
|caption= JL-1 and JL-2.
|caption= JL-1 and JL-2.
|origin=
|origin=
|type= SLBM
|type= [[SLBM]]
<!-- Type selection -->
<!-- Type selection -->
|is_missile= yes
|is_missile= yes
|is_UK=
|is_UK=
<!-- Service history -->
<!-- Service history -->
|service=
|service=
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|wars=
|wars=
<!-- Production history -->
<!-- Production history -->
|designer= Huang Weilu
|designer= [[Huang Weilu]]
|design_date= 1970s
|design_date= 1970s
|manufacturer= Factory 307 (Nanjing Dawn Group)
|manufacturer= Factory 307 (Nanjing Dawn Group)
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|detonation=
|detonation=
|yield= 250-500Kt
|yield= 250-500Kt

<!-- Vehicle/missile specifications -->
<!-- Vehicle/missile specifications -->
|armour=
|armour=
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|clearance=
|clearance=
|wingspan=
|wingspan=
|propellant= solid fuel
|propellant= Solid fuel
|fuel_capacity=
|fuel_capacity=
|vehicle_range= 1,770 km (JL-1), 2,500 km (JL-1A)
|vehicle_range= 1,770&nbsp;km (JL-1), 2,500&nbsp;km (JL-1A)
|ceiling=
|ceiling=
|altitude=
|altitude=
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|boost=
|boost=
|speed=
|speed=
|guidance=inertial
|guidance= Inertial
|steering=
|steering=
|accuracy=
|accuracy=
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}}
}}


The '''Julang-1''' ({{zh|c=巨浪-1|l=Huge Wave-1}}), also known as the '''JL-1''' and in US nomenclature as the CSS-N-3, is [[China]]'s first submarine-launched nuclear [[ballistic missile]]. According to a 2011 [[US Department of Defense]], the operational status of the JL-1 was "questionable".<ref>{{Cite journal|first1=Marcus|last1=Taylor|first2=Eric|last2=Tamerlani|first3=Timothy|last3=Farnsworth|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/23629520|title=Pentagon Sees China Progressing on SLBM|date=June 2013|volume=43|issue=5|pages=31–32|journal=Arms Control Today|publisher=Arms Control Association|subscription=yes|via=[[JSTOR]]|accessdate=27 April 2015}}</ref>
The '''Julang-1''' ({{zh|c=巨浪-1|p=Jù Làng Yī|l=Huge Wave-1}}, also known as the '''JL-1'''; NATO reporting name '''CSS-N-3''') was China's first generation nuclear [[submarine-launched ballistic missile]] (SLBM). According to a [[US Department of Defense]] report in 2011, the operational status of the JL-1 was "questionable".<ref>{{Cite journal|first1=Marcus|last1=Taylor|first2=Eric|last2=Tamerlani|first3=Timothy|last3=Farnsworth|jstor=23629520|title=Pentagon Sees China Progressing on SLBM|date=June 2013|volume=43|issue=5|pages=31–32|journal=Arms Control Today|publisher=Arms Control Association}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
Research and development began in 1967 and detailed design in the early 1970s, with a first land launch 30 April 1982 and a sea launch from a Project 629A (Golf) class submarine on 12 October 1982. The general designer of the missile is Huang Weilu ({{zh|c=黄纬禄}}) 1916-2011;<ref>[http://military.cntv.cn/2013/06/09/ARTI1370742007703220_2.shtml military.cntv.cn]</ref> academician Chen Deren ({{zh|c=陈德仁}}, 1922 - December 21, 2007) served as deputy chief designer. The missile was assembled at Factory 307 (Nanjing Dawn Group Limited Liability Company [南京晨光集团有限责任公司]).
Research and development began in 1967 and detailed design in the early 1970s, with a first land launch 30 April 1982 and a sea launch from a Project 629A (Golf) class submarine on 12 October 1982. The general designer of the missile was [[Huang Weilu]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://military.cntv.cn/2013/06/09/ARTI1370742007703220_2.shtml|title=中国潜射洲际导弹总师：曾在英国研究V-2导弹_军事频道_央视网|website=military.cntv.cn}}</ref> and Chen Deren ({{zh|c=陈德仁}}, 1922 – 21 December 2007) served as his deputy. The missile was assembled at Factory 307 (now Nanjing Dawn Group [南京晨光集团]).{{Cn|date=January 2021}}


The JL-1 was deployed on [[Type 092 submarine|Xia class submarine]] in 1986. The Type 092 Xia class nuclear submarines have 12 launch tubes.
The JL-1 was deployed on [[Type 092 submarine|Xia class submarine]] in 1986. The Type 092 Xia class nuclear submarine has 12 launch tubes.{{Cn|date=January 2021}}


The JL-1 was initially tested and deployed on the PLAN's modified [[Golf-class submarine|Golf class SSB]]. The Golf has since been modified again for further testing of other missiles, such as the JL-2, which has test-launched multiple times with varying levels of success.
The JL-1 was initially tested and deployed on the PLAN's modified [[Golf-class submarine|Golf class SSB]]. The Golf has since been modified again for further testing of other missiles, such as the JL-2, which has test-launched multiple times with varying levels of success.{{Cn|date=January 2021}}


The [[DF-21]] appears to be a land-based version of the JL-1. As of 2018, the JL-1 and its warheads are believed to have been retired and dismantled.<ref>{{Cite journal|first1=Hans M.|last1=Kristensen|first2= Robert S.|last2=Norris|doi=10.1080/00963402.2018.1486620|title=Chinese nuclear forces, 2018|journal=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists|volume=74|issue=4|date=2018|pages=289–295|bibcode=2018BuAtS..74d.289K|doi-access=free}}</ref>
The [[DF-21]] appears to be a land-based version of the JL-1.


==See also==
==See also==
*[[JL-2]]
* [[JL-2]]
*[[R-27 Zyb]]
* [[R-29 Vysota]]
*[[KN-11]]
* [[R-29RM Shtil]]
*[[UGM-27 Polaris]]
* [[R-29RMU Sineva]]
* [[R-29RMU2 Layner]]
* [[RSM-56 Bulava]]
* [[UGM-133 Trident II]]
* [[M45 (missile)]]
* [[M51 (missile)]]
* [[K Missile family]]
* [[KN-11|Pukkuksong-1]]
* [[R-39 Rif]]
* [[R-39M]]


==References==
==References==
<references/>
<references/>
* Norris, Robert, Burrows, Andrew, Fieldhouse, Richard "Nuclear Weapons Databook, Volume V, British, French and Chinese Nuclear Weapons, San Francisco, Westview Press, 1994, ISBN 0-8133-1612-X
* Norris, Robert, Burrows, Andrew, Fieldhouse, Richard "Nuclear Weapons Databook, Volume V, British, French and Chinese Nuclear Weapons, San Francisco, Westview Press, 1994, {{ISBN|0-8133-1612-X}}
* Lewis, John Wilson and Xue Litai, "China's Strategic Seapower: The Politics of Force Modernization in the Nuclear Age," Stanford, 1994.
* Lewis, John Wilson and Xue Litai, "China's Strategic Seapower: The Politics of Force Modernization in the Nuclear Age," Stanford, 1994.



{{Chinese missiles}}
{{Chinese missiles}}
{{Portal bar|Nuclear technology|Weapons of mass destruction}}
{{Portal bar|Nuclear technology}}

⚫
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2010}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Jl-1}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jl-1}}
[[Category:Submarine-launched ballistic missiles]]
[[Category:Submarine-launched ballistic missiles of the People's Republic of China]]
[[Category:Ballistic missiles of the People's Republic of China]]
[[Category:Nuclear weapons of the People's Republic of China]]
[[Category:Nuclear weapons of the People's Republic of China]]
[[Category:1960s establishments in China]]
[[Category:1960s establishments in China]]
[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1980s]]

Latest revision as of 22:52, 25 June 2022

Julang-1 (JL-1), NATO : CSS-N-3
JL-1 and JL-2.
TypeSLBM
Service history
Used byChina
Production history
DesignerHuang Weilu
Designed1970s
ManufacturerFactory 307 (Nanjing Dawn Group)
Produced1980s
Specifications
Mass14,700 kilograms (32,400 lb)
Length10.7 metres (35 ft)
Width1.4 metres (4.6 ft)
Warheadnuclear
Blast yield250-500Kt
PropellantSolid fuel
Operational
range
1,770 km (JL-1), 2,500 km (JL-1A)
Guidance
system
Inertial
Launch
platform
Xia class submarine

The Julang-1 (Chinese: 巨浪-1; pinyin: Jù Làng Yī; lit. 'Huge Wave-1', also known as the JL-1; NATO reporting name CSS-N-3) was China's first generation nuclear submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM). According to a US Department of Defense report in 2011, the operational status of the JL-1 was "questionable".[1]

History

[edit]

Research and development began in 1967 and detailed design in the early 1970s, with a first land launch 30 April 1982 and a sea launch from a Project 629A (Golf) class submarine on 12 October 1982. The general designer of the missile was Huang Weilu,[2] and Chen Deren (Chinese: 陈德仁, 1922 – 21 December 2007) served as his deputy. The missile was assembled at Factory 307 (now Nanjing Dawn Group [南京晨光集团]).[citation needed]

The JL-1 was deployed on Xia class submarine in 1986. The Type 092 Xia class nuclear submarine has 12 launch tubes.[citation needed]

The JL-1 was initially tested and deployed on the PLAN's modified Golf class SSB. The Golf has since been modified again for further testing of other missiles, such as the JL-2, which has test-launched multiple times with varying levels of success.[citation needed]

The DF-21 appears to be a land-based version of the JL-1. As of 2018, the JL-1 and its warheads are believed to have been retired and dismantled.[3]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Taylor, Marcus; Tamerlani, Eric; Farnsworth, Timothy (June 2013). "Pentagon Sees China Progressing on SLBM". Arms Control Today. 43 (5). Arms Control Association: 31–32. JSTOR 23629520.
  2. ^ "中国潜射洲际导弹总师：曾在英国研究V-2导弹_军事频道_央视网". military.cntv.cn.
  3. ^ Kristensen, Hans M.; Norris, Robert S. (2018). "Chinese nuclear forces, 2018". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 74 (4): 289–295. Bibcode:2018BuAtS..74d.289K. doi:10.1080/00963402.2018.1486620.
  • Norris, Robert, Burrows, Andrew, Fieldhouse, Richard "Nuclear Weapons Databook, Volume V, British, French and Chinese Nuclear Weapons, San Francisco, Westview Press, 1994, ISBN 0-8133-1612-X
  • Lewis, John Wilson and Xue Litai, "China's Strategic Seapower: The Politics of Force Modernization in the Nuclear Age," Stanford, 1994.
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