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=== '''Uterine Leiomyomas''' ===
=== '''Uterine Leiomyomas''' ===
Uterine Leiomyomas are benign tumors that occur in 70% of European people with uterus and more than 80% African descent people with uterus by the time they turn 50 years of age. Although, only 30% of people with uterus experience symptoms.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lewis |first=Terrence D. |last2=Malik |first2=Minnie |last3=Britten |first3=Joy |last4=San Pablo |first4=Angelo Macapagal |last5=Catherino |first5=William H. |date=2018-01-28 |title=A Comprehensive Review of the Pharmacologic Management of Uterine Leiomyoma |url=https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2018/2414609/ |journal=BioMed Research International |language=en |volume=2018 |pages=e2414609 |doi=10.1155/2018/2414609 |issn=2314-6133 |pmc=5893007 |pmid=29780819}}</ref> Of those with uterine leiomyomas, 29% result in hospitalizations.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Merrill |first=Ray M. |date=2008 |title=Hysterectomy surveillance in the United States, 1997 through 2005 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18160941 |journal=Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=CR24–31 |issn=1234-1010 |pmid=18160941}}</ref> These fibroids are derived from a mutation of a single mesenchymal cell with the involvement of progesterone and 17 b-Estrodiol. Symptoms are dependent on the location of the tumor and may occur in the submucosal, intramural, or subserosal areas. These tumors are mainly treated by performing hysterectomies and account for approximately 40-60% of all performed hysterectomies.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mathew |first=Rishi Philip |last2=Francis |first2=Swati |last3=Jayaram |first3=Vinayak |last4=Anvarsadath |first4=Shameema |date=2021 |title=Uterine leiomyomas revisited with review of literature |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00261-021-03126-4 |journal=Abdominal Radiology |language=en |volume=46 |issue=10 |pages=4908–4926 |doi=10.1007/s00261-021-03126-4 |issn=2366-004X}}</ref>
Uterine Leiomyomas are benign tumors that occur in 70% of European people with uteri and more than 80% African descent people with uteri by the time they turn 50 years of age. Although, only 30% of people with uteri experience symptoms.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lewis |first=Terrence D. |last2=Malik |first2=Minnie |last3=Britten |first3=Joy |last4=San Pablo |first4=Angelo Macapagal |last5=Catherino |first5=William H. |date=2018-01-28 |title=A Comprehensive Review of the Pharmacologic Management of Uterine Leiomyoma |url=https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2018/2414609/ |journal=BioMed Research International |language=en |volume=2018 |pages=e2414609 |doi=10.1155/2018/2414609 |issn=2314-6133 |pmc=5893007 |pmid=29780819}}</ref> Of those with uterine leiomyomas, 29% result in hospitalizations.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Merrill |first=Ray M. |date=2008 |title=Hysterectomy surveillance in the United States, 1997 through 2005 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18160941 |journal=Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=CR24–31 |issn=1234-1010 |pmid=18160941}}</ref> These fibroids are derived from a mutation of a single mesenchymal cell with the involvement of progesterone and 17 b-Estrodiol. Symptoms are dependent on the location of the tumor and may occur in the submucosal, intramural, or subserosal areas. These tumors are mainly treated by performing hysterectomies and account for approximately 40-60% of all performed hysterectomies.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mathew |first=Rishi Philip |last2=Francis |first2=Swati |last3=Jayaram |first3=Vinayak |last4=Anvarsadath |first4=Shameema |date=2021 |title=Uterine leiomyomas revisited with review of literature |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00261-021-03126-4 |journal=Abdominal Radiology |language=en |volume=46 |issue=10 |pages=4908–4926 |doi=10.1007/s00261-021-03126-4 |issn=2366-004X}}</ref>


One-third of patients with these fibroids experience life-threating anemia.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bartels |first=Chantal B. |last2=Cayton |first2=Kamaria C. |last3=Chuong |first3=Farah S. |last4=Holthouser |first4=Kristine |last5=Arian |first5=Sara E. |last6=Abraham |first6=Tara |last7=Segars |first7=James H. |date=2016 |title=An Evidence-based Approach to the Medical Management of Fibroids: A Systematic Review |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26756261 |journal=Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=30–52 |doi=10.1097/GRF.0000000000000171 |issn=1532-5520 |pmid=26756261}}</ref>
One-third of patients with these fibroids experience life-threating anemia.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bartels |first=Chantal B. |last2=Cayton |first2=Kamaria C. |last3=Chuong |first3=Farah S. |last4=Holthouser |first4=Kristine |last5=Arian |first5=Sara E. |last6=Abraham |first6=Tara |last7=Segars |first7=James H. |date=2016 |title=An Evidence-based Approach to the Medical Management of Fibroids: A Systematic Review |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26756261 |journal=Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=30–52 |doi=10.1097/GRF.0000000000000171 |issn=1532-5520 |pmid=26756261}}</ref>

Revision as of 21:09, 26 July 2022

Genital leiomyomas (also known as "Dartoic leiomyomas") are leiomyomas that originate in the dartos muscles of the genitalia, areola, and nipple.[1]

Types of genital leiomyomas

Uterine Leiomyomas

Uterine Leiomyomas are benign tumors that occur in 70% of European people with uteri and more than 80% African descent people with uteri by the time they turn 50 years of age. Although, only 30% of people with uteri experience symptoms.[2] Of those with uterine leiomyomas, 29% result in hospitalizations.[3] These fibroids are derived from a mutation of a single mesenchymal cell with the involvement of progesterone and 17 b-Estrodiol. Symptoms are dependent on the location of the tumor and may occur in the submucosal, intramural, or subserosal areas. These tumors are mainly treated by performing hysterectomies and account for approximately 40-60% of all performed hysterectomies.[3][4]

One-third of patients with these fibroids experience life-threating anemia.[5]

Signs and symptoms

People with leiomyoma can be presented as asymptomatic. However, some people may experience severe symptoms that can interfere with daily activities. Common symptoms are recurrent pain and pressure in the affected region. [6] People with uterine leiomyoma can experience pain during urination, bowel movements, and sexual intercourse. Other symptoms are abnormal vaginal bleeding and severe menstrual cramps. [7]

Causes

Uterine Leiomyomas

Genetics

Development and progression of uterine leiomyomas may be contributed by changes in gene regulation or mutation of genes found to be associated with uterine fibroids. Abnormalities of these genes may initiate the formation or growth of these tumors.[8]

Treatment

Treatment for genital leiomyomas primarily consist of surgeries [9][10].

For uterine meiolyomas, complete removal of the uterus is required [11]. There is minimal evidence to support the use of myomectomy to preserve fertility [12]. Evidence shows that preoperative use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist can reduce surgical complications [13].

Subareolar meiolyomas require surgical removals [14].

See also

References

  1. ^ Freedberg, et al. (2003). Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine. (6th ed.). Page 1033. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-138076-0.
  2. ^ Lewis, Terrence D.; Malik, Minnie; Britten, Joy; San Pablo, Angelo Macapagal; Catherino, William H. (2018-01-28). "A Comprehensive Review of the Pharmacologic Management of Uterine Leiomyoma". BioMed Research International. 2018: e2414609. doi:10.1155/2018/2414609. ISSN 2314-6133. PMC 5893007. PMID 29780819.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  3. ^ a b Merrill, Ray M. (2008). "Hysterectomy surveillance in the United States, 1997 through 2005". Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research. 14 (1): CR24–31. ISSN 1234-1010. PMID 18160941.
  4. ^ Mathew, Rishi Philip; Francis, Swati; Jayaram, Vinayak; Anvarsadath, Shameema (2021). "Uterine leiomyomas revisited with review of literature". Abdominal Radiology. 46 (10): 4908–4926. doi:10.1007/s00261-021-03126-4. ISSN 2366-004X.
  5. ^ Bartels, Chantal B.; Cayton, Kamaria C.; Chuong, Farah S.; Holthouser, Kristine; Arian, Sara E.; Abraham, Tara; Segars, James H. (2016). "An Evidence-based Approach to the Medical Management of Fibroids: A Systematic Review". Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 59 (1): 30–52. doi:10.1097/GRF.0000000000000171. ISSN 1532-5520. PMID 26756261.
  6. ^ Florence, Ashley M.; Fatehi, Mary (2022), "Leiomyoma", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 30855861, retrieved 25 July 2022
  7. ^ Costantini, Elisabetta; Cochetti, Giovanni; Porena, Massimo (2008-08-01). "Vaginal para-urethral myxoid leiomyoma: case report and review of the literature". International Urogynecology Journal. 19 (8): 1183–1185. doi:10.1007/s00192-008-0588-9. ISSN 1433-3023.
  8. ^ Medikare, Veronica; Kandukuri, Lakshmi Rao; Ananthapur, Venkateshwari; Deenadayal, Mamata; Nallari, Pratibha (2011). "The genetic bases of uterine fibroids; a review". Journal of Reproduction & Infertility. 12: 181–191. ISSN 2228-5482. PMC 3719293. PMID 23926501.
  9. ^ Rakotomahenina, Hajanirina; Rajaonarison, José; Wong, Lufee; Brun, Jean-Luc (2017). "Myomectomy: technique and current indications". Minerva Ginecologica. 69 (4): 357–369. doi:10.23736/S0026-4784.17.04073-4. ISSN 1827-1650. PMID 28447445.
  10. ^ Sabry, Mohamed; Al-Hendy, Ayman (2012). "Medical Treatment of Uterine Leiomyoma". Reproductive Sciences. 19 (4): 339–353. doi:10.1177/1933719111432867. ISSN 1933-7191. PMC 3343067. PMID 22378865.
  11. ^ Juhasz-Böss, Ingolf; Gabriel, Lena; Bohle, Rainer M.; Horn, Lars C.; Solomayer, Erich-Franz; Breitbach, Georg-Peter (2018). "Uterine Leiomyosarcoma". Oncology Research and Treatment. 41 (11): 680–686. doi:10.1159/000494299. ISSN 2296-5270. PMID 30321869.
  12. ^ Metwally, Mostafa; Raybould, Grace; Cheong, Ying C; Horne, Andrew W (2020). "Surgical treatment of fibroids for subfertility". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2020 (1): CD003857. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003857.pub4. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 6989141. PMID 31995657.
  13. ^ Lethaby, Anne; Puscasiu, Lucian; Vollenhoven, Beverley (2017). "Preoperative medical therapy before surgery for uterine fibroids". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2017 (11): CD000547. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000547.pub2. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 6486044. PMID 29139105.
  14. ^ Salemis, Nikolaos S. (2020). "Subareolar male genital leiomyoma: An exceedingly rare clinical entity". The Breast Journal. 26 (11): 2248–2249. doi:10.1111/tbj.14052. ISSN 1524-4741. PMID 32935434.


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