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| weight = {{convert|28.8|t|abbr=on}}
| weight = {{convert|28.8|t|abbr=on}}
| capacity = 157 (30 seated, 127 standing)
| capacity = 157 (30 seated, 127 standing)
| maxspeed = {{convert|70|km/h|abbr=on}} ()
| maxspeed = {{convert|70|km/h|abbr=on}} (design)
| doors = 6 (3 per side)
| doors = 6 (3 per side)
| lowfloor = 50%
| lowfloor = 50%
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| gauge = {{track gauge|sg|allk=on}}
| gauge = {{track gauge|sg|allk=on}}
}}
}}
The '''Škoda 10 T''', or '''Skoda 10T''' (with no space between the number and letter), the latter being the common English-language form, is a three-carbody-section [[low-floor tram|low-floor]] [[Bi-directional vehicle|bi-directional]] [[tram]], developed by [[Škoda Transportation]]. It was in production from 2000 to 2002.
The '''Škoda 10 T''', or '''Skoda 10T''', the latter being the common English-language form, is a three-carbody-section [[low-floor tram|low-floor]] [[Bi-directional vehicle|bi-directional]] [[tram]], developed by [[Škoda Transportation]]. It was in production from 2000 to 2002.


The vehicle is four-axled, and is based on the [[Škoda 03 T]], which is a [[Uni-directional vehicle|uni-directional]] model operating in a few cities in the [[Czech Republic]]. The low-floor area represents 50% of the entire vehicle floor.<ref>{{cite web|title = Streetcar 10 T: Bi-directional three-section low-floor streetcar for Portland and Tacoma|publisher = [[Škoda Transportation]]|url = http://www.skoda.cz/en/skoda-holding/products/products-transportation/tramcars/streetcar-10-t-aid727.html | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100111075552/http://www.skoda.cz/en/skoda-holding/products/products-transportation/tramcars/streetcar-10-t-aid727.html |archivedate=11 January 2010|accessdate = 28 November 2012}}</ref>
The vehicle is four-axled, and is based on the [[Škoda 03 T]], which is a [[Uni-directional vehicle|uni-directional]] model operating in a few cities in the [[Czech Republic]]. The low-floor area represents 50% of the entire vehicle floor.<ref>{{cite web|title = Streetcar 10 T: Bi-directional three-section low-floor streetcar for Portland and Tacoma|publisher = [[Škoda Transportation]]|url = http://www.skoda.cz/en/skoda-holding/products/products-transportation/tramcars/streetcar-10-t-aid727.html | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100111075552/http://www.skoda.cz/en/skoda-holding/products/products-transportation/tramcars/streetcar-10-t-aid727.html |archivedate=11 January 2010|accessdate = 28 November 2012}}</ref>


The 10T was originally part of Skoda's [[Škoda Astra|''Astra'']] model line,<ref name="T&UT-01">{{cite magazine |last=Taplin |first=M. R.|title=Return of the (modern) streetcar: Portland leads the way |magazine=[[Tramways & Urban Transit]] |publisher=[[Ian Allan Publishing]] Ltd |location=Hersham, Surrey, UK |date=October 2001 |url=http://www.lrta.org/mag/articles/art0110.html |pages=369–375 |issn=1460-8324 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327090515/http://www.lrta.org/mag/articles/art0110.html |archivedate=27 March 2019 |url-status=live |access-date=4 June 2019}}</ref> although in the United States it was referred to only as the 10T, not by that model name, but it was later made part of the company's [[Škoda Elektra|''Elektra'']] model line,<ref name="elektra 10T">{{cite web |title=Elektra 10 T Tramcar |url=https://www.skoda.cz/data/catalog/6/103/925.pdf |publisher=Škoda Transportation |accessdate=6 June 2019}}</ref> after that new line of models was created, around 2010.
The 10T was originally part of Skoda's [[Škoda Astra|''Astra'']] model line,<ref name="T&UT-01">{{cite magazine |last=Taplin |first=M. R. |title=Return of the (modern) streetcar: Portland leads the way |magazine=[[Tramways & Urban Transit]] |publisher=[[Ian Allan Publishing]] Ltd |location=Hersham, Surrey, UK |date=October 2001 |url=http://www.lrta.org/mag/articles/art0110.html |pages=369–375 |issn=1460-8324 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327090515/http://www.lrta.org/mag/articles/art0110.html |archivedate=27 March 2019 |url-status=live |access-date=4 June 2019 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927202015/http://www.lrta.org/mag/articles/art0110.html |date=27 September 2013 }}</ref> although in the United States it was referred to only as the 10T. However, it was later made part of the company's [[Škoda Elektra|''Elektra'']] model line,<ref name="elektra 10T">{{cite web |title=Elektra 10 T Tramcar |url=https://www.skoda.cz/data/catalog/6/103/925.pdf |publisher=Škoda Transportation |accessdate=6 June 2019}}</ref> after that new line of models was created, around 2010.


== Production ==
== Production ==
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Those ten trams were constructed at a Škoda factory in the Czech Republic and shipped complete to the USA, under a [[joint venture]] between Škoda and [[Inekon Trams|Inekon Group]], with Inekon having been responsible for most of the mechanical design, as well as marketing and shipping, and with Škoda having manufactured the vehicles. Their propulsion control equipment was supplied by an Austrian company, [[Elin EBG Traction]], and braking systems by [[Knorr-Bremse|Knorr]], under subcontracts.<ref name="T&UT-01"/>
Those ten trams were constructed at a Škoda factory in the Czech Republic and shipped complete to the USA, under a [[joint venture]] between Škoda and [[Inekon Trams|Inekon Group]], with Inekon having been responsible for most of the mechanical design, as well as marketing and shipping, and with Škoda having manufactured the vehicles. Their propulsion control equipment was supplied by an Austrian company, [[Elin EBG Traction]], and braking systems by [[Knorr-Bremse|Knorr]], under subcontracts.<ref name="T&UT-01"/>


However, the relationship between Škoda and Inekon deteriorated, and the partnership collapsed in 2001.<ref name="HN-2006">{{cite web|title=Czechs want to introduce trams to Dakar|date=13 September 2006|publisher=[[Hospodářské noviny]] newspaper |url=http://www.ceb.cz/content/view/206/95/|accessdate=4 July 2010}}</ref> Škoda 10T cars that had been ordered in 2000 or 2001 were delivered by Inekon to Portland and Tacoma in 2002, which was already after the Škoda-Inekon joint venture had effectively been dissolved. Inekon Group formed a new venture, named [[Inekon Trams|DPO Inekon]], selling a slightly modified version of the 10T (which it named 12 Trio),<ref name="T&UT-Sep03">''[[Tramways & Urban Transit]]'' magazine, September 2003, p. 347. [[Light Rail Transit Association]] (UK).</ref> while Škoda continued to offer the 10T.
However, the relationship between Škoda and Inekon deteriorated, and the partnership collapsed in 2001.<ref name="HN-2006">{{cite web|title=Czechs want to introduce trams to Dakar|date=13 September 2006|publisher=[[Hospodářské noviny]] newspaper|url=http://www.ceb.cz/content/view/206/95/|accessdate=4 July 2010}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718170355/http://www.ceb.cz/content/view/206/95/ |date=18 July 2011 }}</ref> Škoda 10T cars that had been ordered in 2000 or 2001 were delivered by Inekon to Portland and Tacoma in 2002, which was already after the Škoda-Inekon joint venture had effectively been dissolved. Inekon Group formed a new venture, named [[Inekon Trams|DPO Inekon]], selling a slightly modified version of the 10T (which it named 12 Trio),<ref name="T&UT-Sep03">''[[Tramways & Urban Transit]]'' magazine, September 2003, p. 347. [[Light Rail Transit Association]] (UK).</ref> while Škoda continued to offer the 10T.


==Related model built under license==
==Related model built under license==
Line 71: Line 71:
In 2010, the city of [[Tucson, Arizona]], placed an order with United Streetcar for seven similar trams for a new tram line to be built there, named [[Sun Link]].<ref name="railway_age_01">{{cite news|title=Tucson to United Streetcar: Build seven|date=June 8, 2010|magazine=[[Railway Age]]| url=http://www.railwayage.com/index.php/news/tucson-to-united-streetcar-build-seven.html |accessdate=August 17, 2012}}</ref> An eighth was added to the order in July 2012.<ref name="daronco_01">{{cite news|last=DaRonco|first=Darren|title=Backup streetcar to cost Tucson $3.6M|date=July 13, 2012|newspaper=Arizona Daily Star | url=http://azstarnet.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/backup-streetcar-to-cost-tucson-m/article_5e153755-2082-5e5e-afc4-29366a196982.html | accessdate=September 27, 2012}}</ref><ref name="t&ut-sep2012">"Worldwide Review" (September 2012). ''[[Tramways & Urban Transit]]'' magazine, p. 356.</ref> Designated as model 200, differing from the 100 in having more powerful [[air conditioning]] systems,<ref name="model-200">{{cite web|title=United Streetcar Options|publisher=United Streetcar|url=http://unitedstreetcar.com/products/united-streetcar-200|accessdate=September 5, 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902155744/http://unitedstreetcar.com/products/united-streetcar-200|archivedate=September 2, 2010}}</ref> they were delivered in 2013 and 2014.
In 2010, the city of [[Tucson, Arizona]], placed an order with United Streetcar for seven similar trams for a new tram line to be built there, named [[Sun Link]].<ref name="railway_age_01">{{cite news|title=Tucson to United Streetcar: Build seven|date=June 8, 2010|magazine=[[Railway Age]]| url=http://www.railwayage.com/index.php/news/tucson-to-united-streetcar-build-seven.html |accessdate=August 17, 2012}}</ref> An eighth was added to the order in July 2012.<ref name="daronco_01">{{cite news|last=DaRonco|first=Darren|title=Backup streetcar to cost Tucson $3.6M|date=July 13, 2012|newspaper=Arizona Daily Star | url=http://azstarnet.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/backup-streetcar-to-cost-tucson-m/article_5e153755-2082-5e5e-afc4-29366a196982.html | accessdate=September 27, 2012}}</ref><ref name="t&ut-sep2012">"Worldwide Review" (September 2012). ''[[Tramways & Urban Transit]]'' magazine, p. 356.</ref> Designated as model 200, differing from the 100 in having more powerful [[air conditioning]] systems,<ref name="model-200">{{cite web|title=United Streetcar Options|publisher=United Streetcar|url=http://unitedstreetcar.com/products/united-streetcar-200|accessdate=September 5, 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902155744/http://unitedstreetcar.com/products/united-streetcar-200|archivedate=September 2, 2010}}</ref> they were delivered in 2013 and 2014.


In April 2012, the [[District of Columbia Department of Transportation]], in [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], placed an order for two model 100 streetcars for use on the [[DC Streetcar]]'s [[H Street/Benning Road Line]], under construction for opening in 2015,<ref name=washbiz-2012apr>{{cite news|last=Neibauer|first=Michael|title=D.C. strikes new deal for two streetcars|newspaper=The Washington Business Journal|date=April 5, 2012|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/washington/news/2012/04/05/dc-strikes-new-deal-for-two-streetcars.html|accessdate=September 16, 2012}}</ref> and the order was expanded to three cars in August 2012.<ref name=washbiz-2012aug>{{cite news|last=Neibauer|first=Michael|title=D.C. buying third streetcar from Oregon Iron Works|newspaper=The Washington Business Journal|date=August 22, 2012|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/washington/blog/2012/08/dc-buying-third-streetcar-from.html|accessdate=September 16, 2012}}</ref> The three cars were delivered between January 2014<ref>{{cite press release|title=First of Three American Made DC Streetcar Vehicles to Arrive in District on Tuesday, January 21|date=January 17, 2014|url=http://www.dcstreetcar.com/2014/01/first-three-american-made-dc-streetcar-vehicles-arrive-district-tuesday-january-21/|publisher=DDOT|accessdate=2014-11-14}}</ref> and June 2014.<ref name="taut-2014jul">''[[Tramways & Urban Transit]]'' magazine, July 2014, p. 305.</ref>
In April 2012, the [[District of Columbia Department of Transportation]], in [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], placed an order for two model 100 streetcars for use on the [[DC Streetcar]]'s [[H Street/Benning Road Line]], under construction for opening in 2015,<ref name=washbiz-2012apr>{{cite news|last=Neibauer|first=Michael|title=D.C. strikes new deal for two streetcars|newspaper=The Washington Business Journal|date=April 5, 2012|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/washington/news/2012/04/05/dc-strikes-new-deal-for-two-streetcars.html|accessdate=September 16, 2012}}</ref> and the order was expanded to three cars in August 2012.<ref name=washbiz-2012aug>{{cite news|last=Neibauer|first=Michael|title=D.C. buying third streetcar from Oregon Iron Works|newspaper=The Washington Business Journal|date=August 22, 2012|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/washington/blog/2012/08/dc-buying-third-streetcar-from.html|accessdate=September 16, 2012}}</ref> The three cars were delivered between January 2014<ref>{{cite press release|title=First of Three American Made DC Streetcar Vehicles to Arrive in District on Tuesday, January 21|date=January 17, 2014|url=http://www.dcstreetcar.com/2014/01/first-three-american-made-dc-streetcar-vehicles-arrive-district-tuesday-january-21/|publisher=DDOT|accessdate=2014-11-14}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129032320/http://www.dcstreetcar.com/2014/01/first-three-american-made-dc-streetcar-vehicles-arrive-district-tuesday-january-21/ |date=29 November 2014 }}</ref> and June 2014.<ref name="taut-2014jul">''[[Tramways & Urban Transit]]'' magazine, July 2014, p. 305.</ref>


The orders from all three cities were completed in 2014, the last car being delivered to Portland in November of that year.<ref name="washpost-2014nov">{{cite news|last=Laris|first=Michael|title=U.S. effort to help build homegrown streetcar manufacturer falls short|date=November 29, 2014|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/trafficandcommuting/us-effort-to-help-build-homegrown-streetcar-manufacturer-falls-short/2014/11/29/98c649b0-70b9-11e4-ad12-3734c461eab6_story.html |accessdate=November 23, 2017}}</ref> With no standing orders at that time, United Streetcar ceased production. Its tramcar manufacturing facilities in Oregon were repurposed by its parent company, OIW,<ref name=oreg-2015mar>{{cite news|last=Schmidt|first=Brad|title=Streetcar jobs never arrived<!-- (print-edition headline for same article)-->|date=March 18, 2015|newspaper=The Oregonian|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/portland/index.ssf/2015/03/before_shutdown_how_many_jobs.html |accessdate=September 17, 2015|page=A1}}</ref> and United Streetcar was formally dissolved in December 2018.<ref name="SOS-filing-32989295">{{cite web |title=Business Entity Filing Records - 32989295 |url=http://records.sos.state.or.us/ORSOSWebDrawer/Recordpdf/6470590 |publisher=[[Oregon Secretary of State]] |accessdate=2019-06-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604045540/http://records.sos.state.or.us/ORSOSWebDrawer/Recordpdf/6470590 |url-status=live |archivedate=4 June 2019 |date=January 19, 2019}}</ref>
The orders from all three cities were completed in 2014, the last car being delivered to Portland in November of that year.<ref name="washpost-2014nov">{{cite news|last=Laris|first=Michael|title=U.S. effort to help build homegrown streetcar manufacturer falls short|date=November 29, 2014|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/trafficandcommuting/us-effort-to-help-build-homegrown-streetcar-manufacturer-falls-short/2014/11/29/98c649b0-70b9-11e4-ad12-3734c461eab6_story.html |accessdate=November 23, 2017}}</ref> With no standing orders at that time, United Streetcar ceased production. Its tramcar manufacturing facilities in Oregon were repurposed by its parent company, OIW,<ref name=oreg-2015mar>{{cite news|last=Schmidt|first=Brad|title=Streetcar jobs never arrived<!-- (print-edition headline for same article)-->|date=March 18, 2015|newspaper=The Oregonian|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/portland/index.ssf/2015/03/before_shutdown_how_many_jobs.html |accessdate=September 17, 2015|page=A1}}</ref> and United Streetcar was formally dissolved in December 2018.<ref name="SOS-filing-32989295">{{cite web |title=Business Entity Filing Records - 32989295 |url=http://records.sos.state.or.us/ORSOSWebDrawer/Recordpdf/6470590 |publisher=[[Oregon Secretary of State]] |accessdate=2019-06-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604045540/http://records.sos.state.or.us/ORSOSWebDrawer/Recordpdf/6470590 |url-status=live |archivedate=4 June 2019 |date=January 19, 2019}}</ref>

Latest revision as of 12:44, 9 March 2023

Škoda 10 T
A Škoda 10 T on the Portland Streetcar
ManufacturerŠkoda Transportation
AssemblyPlzeň, Czech Republic
Family nameŠkoda Elektra
Constructed2000–2002
SuccessorŠkoda 15 T (or United Streetcar model 100, under license, for the U.S. market)
Capacity157 (30 seated, 127 standing)
Specifications
Train length20.13 m (66 ft 1⁄2 in)
Width2.46 m (8 ft 7⁄8 in)
Height3.44 m (11 ft 3+3⁄8 in)
Floor height350 / 780 mm (13.78 / 30.71 in)
Low-floor50%
Doors6 (3 per side)
Articulated sections3 (two articulations)
Maximum speed70 km/h (43 mph) (design)
Weight28.8 t (28.3 long tons; 31.7 short tons)
Traction motors4 × 90 kW (120 hp)
Power output360 kW (480 hp)
Electric system(s)Overhead line, 750 V DC
Current collector(s)Pantograph
Bogiesfixed
Minimum turning radius18 m (59 ft)
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge

The Škoda 10 T, or Skoda 10T, the latter being the common English-language form, is a three-carbody-section low-floor bi-directional tram, developed by Škoda Transportation. It was in production from 2000 to 2002.

The vehicle is four-axled, and is based on the Škoda 03 T, which is a uni-directional model operating in a few cities in the Czech Republic. The low-floor area represents 50% of the entire vehicle floor.[1]

The 10T was originally part of Skoda's Astra model line,[2] although in the United States it was referred to only as the 10T. However, it was later made part of the company's Elektra model line,[3] after that new line of models was created, around 2010.

Production

[edit]

In total, 10 trams of this model were manufactured by Škoda and delivered to:

Those ten trams were constructed at a Škoda factory in the Czech Republic and shipped complete to the USA, under a joint venture between Škoda and Inekon Group, with Inekon having been responsible for most of the mechanical design, as well as marketing and shipping, and with Škoda having manufactured the vehicles. Their propulsion control equipment was supplied by an Austrian company, Elin EBG Traction, and braking systems by Knorr, under subcontracts.[2]

However, the relationship between Škoda and Inekon deteriorated, and the partnership collapsed in 2001.[4] Škoda 10T cars that had been ordered in 2000 or 2001 were delivered by Inekon to Portland and Tacoma in 2002, which was already after the Škoda-Inekon joint venture had effectively been dissolved. Inekon Group formed a new venture, named DPO Inekon, selling a slightly modified version of the 10T (which it named 12 Trio),[5] while Škoda continued to offer the 10T.

[edit]

In 2006, Škoda entered into an agreement with a US company to permit the latter to construct a 10T tram (streetcar) under license. Oregon Iron Works (OIW), a specialized manufacturing company based in Clackamas, Oregon (an unincorporated community in the southeastern suburbs of Portland), signed an exclusive technology transfer agreement with Škoda in February 2006,[6] and in January 2007 it was awarded a contract to build one 10T streetcar for the Portland Streetcar system. OIW created a new subsidiary named United Streetcar LLC for this venture.[7]

This prototype tram, which could be considered an eleventh Škoda 10T but is more accurately described as the first United Streetcar 10T, was completed and delivered to Portland Streetcar in spring 2009. It was designated as model 10T3 by United Streetcar,[8] but that company changed the model designation to "100" for the production-series cars it built later.[9] The prototype US-built 10T was presented to the public and media at a ceremony held on 1 July 2009 in Portland,[10] but it did not enter service until September 2012,[11][12] delayed first by problems that came to light during acceptance testing and later by a decision to replace its propulsion-control system with a new one built by a US company, in order to increase the US content.[13]

In August 2009, Portland signed a US$20 million contract with United Streetcar for the supply of six more streetcars,[14] but the city decided in 2010 to modify the OIW/United Streetcar contract for these six cars, to substitute equipment from Elin EBG Traction for the originally planned Škoda equipment.[15] (They did not receive the experimental system with which the 10T3 prototype was fitted.) They were delivered in 2013 and 2014.

In 2010, the city of Tucson, Arizona, placed an order with United Streetcar for seven similar trams for a new tram line to be built there, named Sun Link.[16] An eighth was added to the order in July 2012.[17][18] Designated as model 200, differing from the 100 in having more powerful air conditioning systems,[19] they were delivered in 2013 and 2014.

In April 2012, the District of Columbia Department of Transportation, in Washington, DC, placed an order for two model 100 streetcars for use on the DC Streetcar's H Street/Benning Road Line, under construction for opening in 2015,[20] and the order was expanded to three cars in August 2012.[21] The three cars were delivered between January 2014[22] and June 2014.[23]

The orders from all three cities were completed in 2014, the last car being delivered to Portland in November of that year.[24] With no standing orders at that time, United Streetcar ceased production. Its tramcar manufacturing facilities in Oregon were repurposed by its parent company, OIW,[25] and United Streetcar was formally dissolved in December 2018.[26]

[edit]
  • Portland Streetcar tram, with the logos of both Škoda and Inekon on the front
    Portland Streetcar tram, with the logos of both Škoda and Inekon on the front
  • Tacoma Link tramcar
    Tacoma Link tramcar
  • Interior of a Tacoma Link tram
    Interior of a Tacoma Link tram
  • Wheelchair ramp for a Tacoma Link car
    Wheelchair ramp for a Tacoma Link car
  • United Streetcar-built tram built for Portland under license from Škoda
    United Streetcar-built tram built for Portland under license from Škoda
  • A United Streetcar tram for DC Streetcar
    A United Streetcar tram for DC Streetcar

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Streetcar 10 T: Bi-directional three-section low-floor streetcar for Portland and Tacoma". Škoda Transportation. Archived from the original on 11 January 2010. Retrieved 28 November 2012.
  2. ^ a b Taplin, M. R. (October 2001). "Return of the (modern) streetcar: Portland leads the way". Tramways & Urban Transit. Hersham, Surrey, UK: Ian Allan Publishing Ltd. pp. 369–375. ISSN 1460-8324. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 4 June 2019. Archived 27 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ "Elektra 10 T Tramcar" (PDF). Škoda Transportation. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
  4. ^ "Czechs want to introduce trams to Dakar". Hospodářské noviny newspaper. 13 September 2006. Retrieved 4 July 2010. Archived 18 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ Tramways & Urban Transit magazine, September 2003, p. 347. Light Rail Transit Association (UK).
  6. ^ "About United Streetcar". United Streetcar. Retrieved 16 November 2009.
  7. ^ "Oregon Iron Works gets contract for streetcar". Portland Business Journal. 26 January 2007. Retrieved 16 November 2009.
  8. ^ "United Streetcar ... US manufacturer established for new trams". (April 2007). Tramways & Urban Transit, p. 146. Ian Allan Publishing/Light Rail Transit Association (UK).
  9. ^ "United Streetcar gears up for series production". Tramways & Urban Transit magazine, November 2010, p. 406.
  10. ^ Brugger, Joe (2 July 2009). "Transportation secretary watches as 'Made in USA' streetcar makes debut". The Oregonian. Retrieved 4 June 2019.
  11. ^ "Portland Opens New Line" (November 2012). Tramways & Urban Transit magazine, p. 409.
  12. ^ Rose, Joseph (27 September 2012). "Portland's newest streetcar plagued by glitches during eastside loop's opening week". The Oregonian. Archived from the original on 29 September 2012. Retrieved 6 November 2012.
  13. ^ Carinci, Justin (19 April 2010). "Grant propels streetcar development". Daily Journal of Commerce. Portland, Oregon. Archived from the original on 29 April 2010. Retrieved 4 June 2019.
  14. ^ Rivera, Dylan (14 August 2009). "Portland inks $20 million deal for locally made streetcars". The Oregonian. Archived from the original on 17 August 2009. Retrieved 4 June 2019.
  15. ^ Tramways & Urban Transit, August 2010, p. 313. LRTA Publishing (UK).
  16. ^ "Tucson to United Streetcar: Build seven". Railway Age. 8 June 2010. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
  17. ^ DaRonco, Darren (13 July 2012). "Backup streetcar to cost Tucson $3.6M". Arizona Daily Star. Retrieved 27 September 2012.
  18. ^ "Worldwide Review" (September 2012). Tramways & Urban Transit magazine, p. 356.
  19. ^ "United Streetcar Options". United Streetcar. Archived from the original on 2 September 2010. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
  20. ^ Neibauer, Michael (5 April 2012). "D.C. strikes new deal for two streetcars". The Washington Business Journal. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
  21. ^ Neibauer, Michael (22 August 2012). "D.C. buying third streetcar from Oregon Iron Works". The Washington Business Journal. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
  22. ^ "First of Three American Made DC Streetcar Vehicles to Arrive in District on Tuesday, January 21" (Press release). DDOT. 17 January 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2014. Archived 29 November 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  23. ^ Tramways & Urban Transit magazine, July 2014, p. 305.
  24. ^ Laris, Michael (29 November 2014). "U.S. effort to help build homegrown streetcar manufacturer falls short". The Washington Post. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
  25. ^ Schmidt, Brad (18 March 2015). "Streetcar jobs never arrived". The Oregonian. p. A1. Retrieved 17 September 2015.
  26. ^ "Business Entity Filing Records - 32989295". Oregon Secretary of State. 19 January 2019. Archived from the original on 4 June 2019. Retrieved 4 June 2019.
[edit]
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