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{{Infobox religious building |
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| name = Pascual Abaj |
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| native_name =Turcaj / Turk'aj / Turuk'aj / Turukaj |
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| ⚫ | '''Pascual Abaj''' (alternatively written '''Pascual Ab'aj''')<ref name="VenturaPeliz2007p64">Ventura Peliz 2007, p. 64.</ref> |
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| native_name_lang = [[Kʼicheʼ language]] |
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| caption = The statue in 1948, before it was defaced |
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| map_type = Guatemala |
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| map_caption = Location in Guatemala |
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| coordinates = {{coord|14.936858|-91.114675}} |
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| religious_affiliation = [[Maya religion]] |
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| deity = [[Rey Pascual]] |
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| municipality = [[Chichicastenango]] |
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| district = [[Quiché Department]] |
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| region = [[Guatemalan Highlands]] |
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| country = [[Guatemala]] |
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}} |
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| ⚫ | '''Pascual Abaj''' (alternatively written '''Pascual Ab'aj'''),<ref name="VenturaPeliz2007p64">Ventura Peliz 2007, p. 64.</ref> also known as '''Turcaj''',<ref name="Haert2008p81"/> '''Turk'aj''',<ref name="Carmack2001p445"/> '''Turuk'aj''' and '''Turukaj''',<ref name="RodríguezRouanet&c1993p18">Rodríguez Rouanet et al 1993, p. 18.</ref> is a [[pre-Columbian era|pre-Columbian]] [[Maya peoples|Maya]] idol at [[Chichicastenango]] that survived the [[Spanish conquest of Guatemala]] and which is still venerated by the local community. It is the best-known example of such an image.<ref>Früsorge 2015, p. 178.</ref> The image was badly damaged in the 1950s by members of [[Catholic Action]].<ref>Hart 2008, p. 82.</ref> |
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==History== |
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After the Spanish conquest, the stone figure is said to have been carried away from a site in the village of Chichicastenango and reset upon the hill so offerings could be made away from the vigilance of the [[Catholic Church]] and the Spanish colonists.<ref name="Haert2008p81">Hart 2008, p. 81.</ref> |
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| ⚫ | Before it was defaced, the statue was described as a grotesque human figure with a large head and high, pointed forehead. It had two circular [[earspool]]s in line with its mouth; its arms were crossed on its chest, with the fingers extended. A cord was sculpted around its waist, to which was attached the image of an inverted [[Human trophy taking in Mesoamerica|severed human head]]. It stood approximately {{convert|1|m|ft}} high. An observer in the 1950s noted that the figure appeared to have been buried sometime in the past.<ref name="RodríguezRouanet&c1993p18"/> |
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| ⚫ | Traditional [[Maya priesthood|Maya shamans]] regularly perform ceremonies at the shrine, by day and night.<ref name="Carmack2001p445"/> The statue is set upon a small altar surrounded by offerings, which include pine branches, crosses, flowers, [[copal]] resin, and items crafted from stone.<ref name="Carmack2001p445"/> The shrine has now become a popular tourist attraction where visitors witness traditional Maya ceremonies.<ref>Hart 2008, pp. 81–82.</ref> |
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==Location== |
==Location== |
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==Etymology== |
==Etymology== |
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''Abaj'' means "stone" in several contemporary highland Maya languages, including [[ |
''Abaj'' means "stone" in several contemporary highland Maya languages, including [[Kʼicheʼ language|Kʼicheʼ]] and [[Kaqchikel language|Kaqchikel]],<ref name="McDougall1946,2011p248">McDougall 1946, 2011, p. 248.</ref> while Pascual means "Easter" in [[Spanish language|Spanish]].<ref>Span¡shD!ct.</ref> "[[San Pascualito|King Pascual]]" has been recorded as the subject of veneration since at least the 19th century.<ref name="McDougall1946,2011p248"/> Turcaj (spelled Turk'aj in modern Maya orthography) is the Kʼicheʼ name for the hill upon which the shrine is located.<ref name="Carmack2001p445">Carmack 2001, p. 445.</ref> |
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==Description== |
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[[File:Pascual Abaj 1948.png|thumb|upright|Detail of the statue before it was defaced]] |
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| ⚫ | Before it was defaced, the statue was described as a grotesque human figure with a large head and high, pointed forehead. It had two circular [[earspool]]s in line with its mouth; its arms were crossed on its chest, with the fingers extended. A cord was sculpted around its waist, to which was attached the image of an inverted [[Human trophy taking in Mesoamerica|severed human head]]. It stood approximately {{convert|1|m|ft}} high. An observer in the 1950s noted that the figure appeared to have been buried sometime in the past.<ref name="RodríguezRouanet&c1993p18"/> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{refbegin|indent=yes}} |
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*[[Robert M. Carmack|Carmack, Robert M.]] (2001). ''Kik'ulmatajem le Kʼicheʼaab': Evolución del Reino Kʼicheʼ ''(in Spanish). Guatemala: Iximulew. {{ISBN|99922-56-22-2}}. {{OCLC|253481949}}. |
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*Chládek, Stanislav (2011) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ATXUUBH7FGIC Exploring Maya Ritual Caves: Dark Secrets from the Maya Underworld]'' Lanham, Maryland, US: Rowman Altamira. {{ISBN|9780759119871}}. {{OCLC|741455505}}. |
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*Cook, G. W.; T. A. Offit, T. A.; and R. Taube (2013). "[https://muse.jhu.edu/chapter/835204 The Dynamics of Contemporary: Maya Religious Tradition: Agency and Structure in Selected Case Studies]" in ''[https://muse.jhu.edu/book/23399 Indigenous Religion and Cultural Performance in the New Maya World].'' Albuquerque, New Mexico, US: University of New Mexico Press. {{ISBN|9780826353191}}. {{OCLC|848918202}}. {{subscription required|via=[[Project MUSE]]}} |
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*Früsorge, Lars (2015) "[https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/82097114.pdf Sowing the stone: sacred geography and cultural continuity. Economy among the Highland Maya of Guatemala.]" ''Estudios de cultura maya'' 45: 171–189. Mexico City, Mexico: Instituto de Investigaciones Filólogicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. ISSN 2448-5179. |
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*Hart, Thomas (2008) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=bPhZJIjx49YC The Ancient Spirituality of the Modern Maya]''. Albuquerque, New Mexico, US: University of New Mexico Press. {{ISBN|9780826343505}}. {{OCLC|609225980}}. |
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*McDougall, Elsie (2011) [1946] "[https://muse.jhu.edu/chapter/275143 Observations on Altar Sites in the Quiche Region, Guatemala]" ''Notes on Middle American Archaeology and Ethnology'' 62: 243–249. Boulder, Colorado, US: University Press of Colorado. {{subscription required|via=[[Project MUSE]]}} |
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*Rodríguez Rouanet, Francisco; Edwin Soto; Fernando Seijas; Gerardo Townson Rincón (1993). ''Quiché''. Colección Monografías de Guatemala 12 (in Spanish). Guatemala: Banco Granai & Townson, S.A. {{OCLC|32156736}}. |
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*[http://www.spanishdict.com/translate/pascual Span¡shD!ct.] www.spanishdict.com. Curiosity Media. Retrieved 2017-12-01. |
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*Ventura Peliz, Sebastiana Elizabeth (April 2007) ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20171203183452/http://biblioteca.oj.gob.gt/digitales/41670.pdf El turismo en Guatemala; análisis económico jurídico y social del turismo en Santo Tomás Chichicastenango, departamento del Quiché]''. Guatemala City, Guatemala: Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala: Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales. Retrieved 2017-12-03. Archived from [http://biblioteca.oj.gob.gt/digitales/41670.pdf the original] on 2017-12-03. {{in lang|es}} |
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{{refend}} |
{{refend}} |
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==External links== |
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{{Commons category}} |
*{{Commons category-inline}} |
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{{coord|14.936858|-91.114675|display=title}} |
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{{authority control}} |
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[[Category:Chichicastenango]] |
[[Category:Chichicastenango]] |
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Latest revision as of 04:24, 14 March 2023
| Pascual Abaj | |
|---|---|
Turcaj / Turk'aj / Turuk'aj / Turukaj | |
 The statue in 1948, before it was defaced | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Maya religion |
| District | Quiché Department |
| Region | Guatemalan Highlands |
| Deity | Rey Pascual |
| Location | |
| Municipality | Chichicastenango |
| Country | Guatemala |
  Location in Guatemala | |
| Geographic coordinates | 14°56′13″N 91°06′53″W / 14.936858°N 91.114675°W |
Pascual Abaj (alternatively written Pascual Ab'aj),[1] also known as Turcaj,[2] Turk'aj,[3] Turuk'aj and Turukaj,[4] is a pre-Columbian Maya idol at Chichicastenango that survived the Spanish conquest of Guatemala and which is still venerated by the local community. It is the best-known example of such an image.[5] The image was badly damaged in the 1950s by members of Catholic Action.[6]
History
[edit].jpg)
After the Spanish conquest, the stone figure is said to have been carried away from a site in the village of Chichicastenango and reset upon the hill so offerings could be made away from the vigilance of the Catholic Church and the Spanish colonists.[2]
Before it was defaced, the statue was described as a grotesque human figure with a large head and high, pointed forehead. It had two circular earspools in line with its mouth; its arms were crossed on its chest, with the fingers extended. A cord was sculpted around its waist, to which was attached the image of an inverted severed human head. It stood approximately 1 metre (3.3 ft) high. An observer in the 1950s noted that the figure appeared to have been buried sometime in the past.[4]
Traditional Maya shamans regularly perform ceremonies at the shrine, by day and night.[3] The statue is set upon a small altar surrounded by offerings, which include pine branches, crosses, flowers, copal resin, and items crafted from stone.[3] The shrine has now become a popular tourist attraction where visitors witness traditional Maya ceremonies.[7]
Location
[edit]The shrine is located upon a wooded ridge overlooking the Chichicastenango valley,[8] approximately 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) south of the town.[9] The statue is set on a small plateau amongst pine forest.[4]
Etymology
[edit]Abaj means "stone" in several contemporary highland Maya languages, including Kʼicheʼ and Kaqchikel,[10] while Pascual means "Easter" in Spanish.[11] "King Pascual" has been recorded as the subject of veneration since at least the 19th century.[10] Turcaj (spelled Turk'aj in modern Maya orthography) is the Kʼicheʼ name for the hill upon which the shrine is located.[3]
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ Ventura Peliz 2007, p. 64.
- ^ a b Hart 2008, p. 81.
- ^ a b c d Carmack 2001, p. 445.
- ^ a b c Rodríguez Rouanet et al 1993, p. 18.
- ^ Früsorge 2015, p. 178.
- ^ Hart 2008, p. 82.
- ^ Hart 2008, pp. 81–82.
- ^ Chládek 2011, p. 98.
- ^ Ventura Peliz 2007, p. 64. Cook, Offit, and Taube 2013, p. 145.
- ^ a b McDougall 1946, 2011, p. 248.
- ^ Span¡shD!ct.
References
[edit]- Carmack, Robert M. (2001). Kik'ulmatajem le Kʼicheʼaab': Evolución del Reino Kʼicheʼ (in Spanish). Guatemala: Iximulew. ISBN 99922-56-22-2. OCLC 253481949.
- Chládek, Stanislav (2011) Exploring Maya Ritual Caves: Dark Secrets from the Maya Underworld Lanham, Maryland, US: Rowman Altamira. ISBN 9780759119871. OCLC 741455505.
- Cook, G. W.; T. A. Offit, T. A.; and R. Taube (2013). "The Dynamics of Contemporary: Maya Religious Tradition: Agency and Structure in Selected Case Studies" in Indigenous Religion and Cultural Performance in the New Maya World. Albuquerque, New Mexico, US: University of New Mexico Press. ISBN 9780826353191. OCLC 848918202. – via Project MUSE (subscription required)
- Früsorge, Lars (2015) "Sowing the stone: sacred geography and cultural continuity. Economy among the Highland Maya of Guatemala." Estudios de cultura maya 45: 171–189. Mexico City, Mexico: Instituto de Investigaciones Filólogicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. ISSN 2448-5179.
- Hart, Thomas (2008) The Ancient Spirituality of the Modern Maya. Albuquerque, New Mexico, US: University of New Mexico Press. ISBN 9780826343505. OCLC 609225980.
- McDougall, Elsie (2011) [1946] "Observations on Altar Sites in the Quiche Region, Guatemala" Notes on Middle American Archaeology and Ethnology 62: 243–249. Boulder, Colorado, US: University Press of Colorado. – via Project MUSE (subscription required)
- Rodríguez Rouanet, Francisco; Edwin Soto; Fernando Seijas; Gerardo Townson Rincón (1993). Quiché. Colección Monografías de Guatemala 12 (in Spanish). Guatemala: Banco Granai & Townson, S.A. OCLC 32156736.
- Span¡shD!ct. www.spanishdict.com. Curiosity Media. Retrieved 2017-12-01.
- Ventura Peliz, Sebastiana Elizabeth (April 2007) El turismo en Guatemala; análisis económico jurídico y social del turismo en Santo Tomás Chichicastenango, departamento del Quiché. Guatemala City, Guatemala: Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala: Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales. Retrieved 2017-12-03. Archived from the original on 2017-12-03. (in Spanish)
External links
[edit]
Media related to Pascual Abaj at Wikimedia Commons
