Vogt (Switzerland): Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Title and office in the Old Swiss Confederacy}}{{See also|Vogt}} |
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{{Italic title}} |
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[[File:Karte Gemeine-Herrschaften.png|thumb|240px|Swiss condominiums in the 18th century]] |
[[File:Karte Gemeine-Herrschaften.png|thumb|240px|Swiss condominiums in the 18th century]] |
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[[File:Rüti - Kloster Rüti - Amthaus IMG 1667.jpg|thumb|Former ''Amthaus'' in [[Rüti ZH]]]] |
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A '''''[[Vogt]]''''' (plural ''Vögte'') was a title in the [[Old Swiss Confederacy]], inherited from the [[feudal]] system of the [[Holy Roman Empire]], corresponding to the English ''[[reeve]]''. |
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The German term ''Vogtei'' is ultimately a loan from Latin ''[ad]vocatia''. |
A '''''[[Vogt]]''''' (plural ''Vögte'') was a title and office in the [[Old Swiss Confederacy]], inherited from the [[feudal]] system of the [[Holy Roman Empire]], corresponding to the English ''[[Reeve (England)|reeve]]''. The German term ''Vogtei'' is ultimately a loan from Latin ''[ad]vocatia''. |
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== ''Vogtei'' == |
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[[image:Franz Rudolf Frisching.jpg|thumb|left|[[Franz Rudolf Frisching]], [[bailiff]] in the [[Vallemaggia (district)|Vallemaggia]] in 1770, in the uniform of an officer of the [[Canton of Bern|Bernese]] Huntsmen Corps with his [[Berner Laufhund]], painted by [[Jean Preudhomme]] in 1785]] |
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The cantons took turns in appointing a ''Landvogt'' for a period of two years. The system of ''Landvogteien'' was inherited from the [[Habsburg]] administration. |
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There were two basic types of ''Vogteien'': ''Obervogteien'' (also ''Landgerichte'', ''innere Vogteien'') were administered by reeves (''Obervögte'', ''Venner'') residing in the city, usually elected from among the city parliament, who visited their territories on certain fixed days to act as judges or collect taxes. They were represented by local lieutenants (''Untervögte''). |
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== ''Reichsvogt'' == |
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The ''Landvogt'' usually resided in a castle within the ''Landvogtei''. These castles were known as ''Landvogteischloss'', and there are sevreal buildings still so identified, e.t. in [[Baden, |
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''[[Reichsvogt]]'' was the term for a ''Vogt'', that was nominated by the king as the representative of the [[Holy Roman Empire]], and was especially in today's Switzerland in the [[High Middle Ages]] a very influential position.<ref name="hds-reichsvogt">{{cite web|url=http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D26441.php|title=Reichsvogt|publisher=HDS|author=Waltraud Hörsch|language=de|date=2011-12-23|access-date=2014-11-13}}</ref> |
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Switzerland|Baden]] and in [[Willisau]]. |
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== ''Landvogt'' == |
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| ⚫ | The second type of ''Vogtei'' was a ''Landvogtei'' where the ''Landvogt'' ("[[sheriff]]" or "[[bailiff]]") resided permanently, usually in a castle within the ''Landvogtei'' known as ''Landvogteischloss''. There are several buildings still so identified, e.g. in [[Baden, Switzerland|Baden]] and in [[Willisau]]. A ''Landvogt'' was an official acting on behalf of the Confederacy or one or several cantons, ruling a condominium (''[[Gemeine Herrschaft]]'') of several cantons, notably acting as a judge for capital crimes ([[Blutgericht]]). The title first appears in 1415. The cantons took turns in appointing a ''Landvogt'' for a period of two years. |
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The office of ''Landvogt'' was abolished in 1798, with the foundation of the [[Helvetic Republic]]. |
The office of ''Landvogt'' was abolished in 1798, with the foundation of the [[Helvetic Republic]]. |
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The notion of ''fremde Vögte'' ("foreign reeves") is central to [[Swiss national mythology]], since the early Confederacy in the 14th century had the main purpose to expel imperial judges. |
The notion of ''fremde Vögte'' ("foreign reeves") is central to [[Swiss national mythology]], since the early Confederacy in the 14th century is commonly believed to have had the main purpose to expel imperial judges. One of the core points of the [[Federal Charter of 1291]] is that the ''[[Eidgenossen]]'' "will accept or receive no judge in the aforesaid valleys, who shall have obtained his office for any price, or for money in any way whatever, or one who shall not be a native or a resident with us." The "foreign ''Vögte''" were replaced by native ''[[Bailiff|Ammänner]]'' called into office by the [[Landsgemeinde]]. |
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One of the core points of the [[Federal Charter of 1291]] is that the ''[[Eidgenossen]]'' "will accept or receive no judge in the aforesaid valleys, who shall have obtained his office for any price, or for money in any way whatever, or one who shall not be a native or a resident with us." |
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The "foreign ''Vögte''" were replaced by native ''[[Ammann|Ammänner]]'' called into office by the [[Landsgemeinde]]. |
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The term ''fremde Vögte'' is still in use polemically in [[Swiss politics]], particularly by conservatives, in the context of [[Switzerland and the European Union]]. |
The term ''fremde Vögte'' is still in use polemically in [[Swiss politics]], particularly by conservatives, in the context of [[Switzerland and the European Union]]. |
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== |
== See also == |
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==See also== |
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*[[Gemeine Herrschaften]] |
*[[Gemeine Herrschaften]] |
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*[[Talschaft]] |
*[[Talschaft]] |
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*[[Reichsvogt]] |
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*[[Landammann]] |
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== External links == |
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== References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Swiss reeves| ]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Former condominiums of Switzerland| ]] |
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[[Category:Feudalism in Switzerland]] |
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[[Category:Swiss noble titles]] |
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Latest revision as of 16:09, 25 March 2023
A Vogt (plural Vögte) was a title and office in the Old Swiss Confederacy, inherited from the feudal system of the Holy Roman Empire, corresponding to the English reeve. The German term Vogtei is ultimately a loan from Latin [ad]vocatia.
Vogtei
[edit]
There were two basic types of Vogteien: Obervogteien (also Landgerichte, innere Vogteien) were administered by reeves (Obervögte, Venner) residing in the city, usually elected from among the city parliament, who visited their territories on certain fixed days to act as judges or collect taxes. They were represented by local lieutenants (Untervögte).
Reichsvogt
[edit]Reichsvogt was the term for a Vogt, that was nominated by the king as the representative of the Holy Roman Empire, and was especially in today's Switzerland in the High Middle Ages a very influential position.[1]
Landvogt
[edit]The second type of Vogtei was a Landvogtei where the Landvogt ("sheriff" or "bailiff") resided permanently, usually in a castle within the Landvogtei known as Landvogteischloss. There are several buildings still so identified, e.g. in Baden and in Willisau. A Landvogt was an official acting on behalf of the Confederacy or one or several cantons, ruling a condominium (Gemeine Herrschaft) of several cantons, notably acting as a judge for capital crimes (Blutgericht). The title first appears in 1415. The cantons took turns in appointing a Landvogt for a period of two years.
In exceptional cases, the population of the Landvogtei was allowed to elect their own Landvogt. This concerned Oberhasli in particular, which was nominally a subject territory of Bern, but enjoyed a special status as a military ally.
The office of Landvogt was abolished in 1798, with the foundation of the Helvetic Republic.
The notion of fremde Vögte ("foreign reeves") is central to Swiss national mythology, since the early Confederacy in the 14th century is commonly believed to have had the main purpose to expel imperial judges. One of the core points of the Federal Charter of 1291 is that the Eidgenossen "will accept or receive no judge in the aforesaid valleys, who shall have obtained his office for any price, or for money in any way whatever, or one who shall not be a native or a resident with us." The "foreign Vögte" were replaced by native Ammänner called into office by the Landsgemeinde.
The term fremde Vögte is still in use polemically in Swiss politics, particularly by conservatives, in the context of Switzerland and the European Union.
See also
[edit]External links
[edit]- Vogt (Switzerland) in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
References
[edit]- ^ Waltraud Hörsch (2011-12-23). "Reichsvogt" (in German). HDS. Retrieved 2014-11-13.
