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{{Short description|German two-seat glider, 1935}}
{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin
{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin
| name=Kranich
| name=Kranich
| image= DFS Kranich.jpg|250px|Kranich
| image= DFS Kranich.jpg
| caption=An '''AB Flygplan Se-103''', a Swedish licence-built Kranich.
| caption=An '''AB Flygplan Se-103''', a Swedish licence-built Kranich.
}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type
}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type
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| manufacturer=[[Karl Schweyer AG]] (primary manufacturer)
| manufacturer=[[Karl Schweyer AG]] (primary manufacturer)
| designer=[[Hans Jacobs]] for [[Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Segelflug|DFS]]
| designer=[[Hans Jacobs]] for [[Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Segelflug|DFS]]
| first flight={{avyear|1935}}
| first flight=1935
| introduced=
| introduced=
| retired=
| retired=
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Series production of the Kranich (Crane) took place in the aircraft division of [[Karl Schweyer AG]] in [[Mannheim]]. The two-seater was, in its version 2, the most widely built two-seat glider in Germany from 1935 to 1939. Several hundred examples were built; exact numbers are not known.
Series production of the Kranich (Crane) took place in the aircraft division of [[Karl Schweyer AG]] in [[Mannheim]]. The two-seater was, in its version 2, the most widely built two-seat glider in Germany from 1935 to 1939. Several hundred examples were built; exact numbers are not known.


On 11 October 1940 Erich Klöckner in a Kranich achieved the record height in a glider of 11,460 m. Because it occurred in wartime, the altitude record was not recognized by the Allied occupying powers, and Klöckner only received official recognition by the [[Fédération Aéronautique Internationale]] (FAI) in the late 1990s.<ref>aerokurier magazine 1/1999: Erich Klöckners Vorstoß zur Tropopause, Motor Presse 1999</ref> This record height was only exceeded ten years after the flight by the American Bill Ivans during a similar scientific program in the [[Sierra Nevada (U.S.)|Sierra Nevada]].
On 11 October 1940 Erich Klöckner in a Kranich achieved the record height in a glider of 11,460 m (37598 ft). Because it occurred in wartime, the altitude record was not recognized by the Allied occupying powers, and Klöckner only received official recognition by the [[Fédération Aéronautique Internationale]] (FAI) in the late 1990s.<ref>aerokurier magazine 1/1999: Erich Klöckners Vorstoß zur Tropopause, Motor Presse 1999</ref> This record height was only exceeded ten years after the flight by the American Bill Ivans during a similar scientific program in the [[Sierra Nevada (U.S.)|Sierra Nevada]].


In 1942 30 Kranichs were built by the Swedish manufacturer [[AB Flygplan]] in [[Norrköping]], and delivered to the [[Swedish Air Force]] for training purposes. These machines were given the military designation '''Flygplan Se 103'''.
In 1942 30 Kranichs were built by the Swedish manufacturer [[AB Flygplan]] in [[Norrköping]], and delivered to the [[Swedish Air Force]] for training purposes. These machines were given the military designation '''Flygplan Se 103'''.


Between 1950 and 1952 50 examples of a slightly modified copy of the Kranich II were built in Poland, known as the [[SZD-C Żuraw]] (''żuraw'' is ''Kranich'' in Polish = "[[Crane (bird)|crane]]").
Between 1950 and 1952 50 examples of a slightly modified copy of the Kranich II were built in Poland, known as the [[SZD-C Żuraw]] (''żuraw'' is ''Kranich'' in Polish = "[[Crane (bird)|crane]]").

Between 1947-48 10 examples and until 1957, 17 more of a slightly modified copy of the Kranich II were built in Yugoslavia, they have also repaired two war trophy left by the Germans. They were known as the [[UTVA Ždral LIBIS Žerjav ]] (''ždral-žerjav'' is ''Kranich'' in Serbian and Slovenian = "[[Crane (bird)|crane]]").


After the war, Jacobs designed the Kranich III, a new development very different from its predecessors. It was developed and produced at the [[Focke-Wulf]] aircraft factory in [[Bremen]]. The first flight was on 1 May 1952, piloted by [[Hanna Reitsch]]. Thirty-seven were built.
After the war, Jacobs designed the Kranich III, a new development very different from its predecessors. It was developed and produced at the [[Focke-Wulf]] aircraft factory in [[Bremen]]. The first flight was on 1 May 1952, piloted by [[Hanna Reitsch]]. Thirty-seven were built.
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[[File:DFS Kranich II-B1 HB-475 OTT 2013 02.jpg|thumb|Kranich II]]
[[File:DFS Kranich II-B1 HB-475 OTT 2013 02.jpg|thumb|Kranich II]]
;Kranich: The initial prototype designed by [[Hans Jacobs]] for the DFS.
;Kranich: The initial prototype designed by [[Hans Jacobs]] for the DFS.
;Kranich II: Production aircraft built primarily by [[Karl Schweyer AG]] and by [[Beneš-Mráz|Mraz]], Czechoslovakia, but also in [[Poland]] and [[Sweden]]
;Kranich II:Production aircraft built primarily by [[Karl Schweyer AG]] and by [[Beneš-Mráz|Mraz]], Czechoslovakia, but also in [[Poland]], Spain and [[Sweden]]
;Liege-Kranich: Conversion of Kranich II with an additional cockpit in the glazed nose for a prone pilot. Several built. First conversion in Trebbin in the middle of World War II for the purpose of testing prone flying. Also used for training to fly new German types (BV 40, DFS 228 and DFS 346).
;Flygplan Se 103: License production of 30 aircraft in Sweden for the [[Swedish Air Force]]
;Flygplan Se 103: License production of 30 aircraft in Sweden for the [[Swedish Air Force]]
;[[SZD-C Żuraw]]: License production of a modified Kranich in Poland
;[[SZD-C Żuraw]]: License production of a modified Kranich in Poland
;[[Focke-Wulf Kranich III]]: A major re-design.
;[[Focke-Wulf Kranich III]]: A major re-design.
;[[UTVA Żdral]]: License production of 10 aircraft a modified Kranich in Yugoslavia
;[[LIBIS Żerjav]]: License production of 17 aircraft a modified Kranich in Yugoslavia by LIBIS Letalski inštitut Branko Ivanuš Slovenija


==Specifications (Kranich II)==
==Specifications (Kranich II)==
[[File:DFS Kranich II-B1 HB-475 OTT 2013 04.jpg|thumb|Fuselage of a DFS Kranich II-B1 built in 1938]]
[[File:DFS Kranich II-B1 HB-475 OTT 2013 04.jpg|thumb|Fuselage of a DFS Kranich II-B1 built in 1938]]
{{Aircraft specs
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=The World's Sailplanes:Die Segelflugzeuge der Welt:Les Planeurs du Monde<ref name=Shenstone>{{cite book|last=Shenstone|first=B.S.|title=The World's Sailplanes:Die Segelflugzeuge der Welt:Les Planeurs dans Le Monde|year=1958|publisher=Organisation Scientifique et Technique Internationale du Vol a Voile (OSTIV) and Schweizer Aero-Revue|location=Zurich|pages=91–94|edition=1st |author2=K.G. Wilkinson |author3=Peter Brooks|language=English, French, German}}</ref>
|ref=''The World's Sailplanes:Die Segelflugzeuge der Welt:Les Planeurs du Monde'' <ref name=Shenstone>{{cite book|last=Shenstone|first=B.S.|title=The World's Sailplanes:Die Segelflugzeuge der Welt:Les Planeurs dans Le Monde|year=1958|publisher=Organisation Scientifique et Technique Internationale du Vol a Voile (OSTIV) and Schweizer Aero-Revue|location=Zurich|pages=91–94|edition=1st |author2=K.G. Wilkinson |author3=Peter Brooks|language=English, French, German}}</ref>
|prime units?=met
|prime units?=met
<!--
<!--
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|never exceed speed kmh=175
|never exceed speed kmh=175
|never exceed speed note=<br/>
|never exceed speed note=<br/>
*'''Rough air speed max:''' {{convert|128|km/h|mph kn|abbr=on|1}}
*'''Rough air speed max:''' {{convert|128|km/h|mph kn|abbr=on}}
*'''Aerotow speed:''' {{convert|100|km/h|mph kn|abbr=on|1}}
*'''Aerotow speed:''' {{convert|100|km/h|mph kn|abbr=on}}
*'''Winch launch speed:''' {{convert|80|km/h|mph kn|abbr=on|1}}
*'''Winch launch speed:''' {{convert|80|km/h|mph kn|abbr=on}}
|g limits=<!-- aerobatic -->
|g limits=<!-- aerobatic -->
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
|glide ratio=23.6 at {{convert|70|km/h|mph kn|abbr=on|1}}
|glide ratio=23.6 at {{convert|70|km/h|mph kn|abbr=on}}
|sink rate ms=0.7
|sink rate ms=0.7
|sink rate note=at {{convert|60|km/h|mph kn|abbr=on|1}}
|sink rate note=at {{convert|60|km/h|mph kn|abbr=on}}
|wing loading kg/m2=19.4
|wing loading kg/m2=19.4
}}
}}
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* Georg Brütting; ''Die berühmtesten Segelflugzeuge'', Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 2003, {{ISBN|3-613-02296-6}}
* Georg Brütting; ''Die berühmtesten Segelflugzeuge'', Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 2003, {{ISBN|3-613-02296-6}}
* Horst Lommel: Zeitschrift Luftfahrt History Nr. 4: ''Der Flieger Erich - ein Nachruf auf Erich Klöckner'', Lautec Software und Medien GmbH, Siegen 2004
* Horst Lommel: Zeitschrift Luftfahrt History Nr. 4: ''Der Flieger Erich - ein Nachruf auf Erich Klöckner'', Lautec Software und Medien GmbH, Siegen 2004
* {{citation/core|Surname1=Peter F. Selinger|Title=Segelflugzeug-Geschichten: die Gleit- und Segelflugzeuge des Deutschen Segelflugmuseums mit Modellflug auf der Wasserkuppe |Publisher=Stiftung Deutsches Segelflugmuseum Wasserkuppe mit Modellflug|PublicationPlace=Gersfeld/Rhön|Year=2004|ISBN=3-00-011649-4|Date= 2004|language=German}}
* {{citation|surname1=Peter F. Selinger|title=Segelflugzeug-Geschichten: die Gleit- und Segelflugzeuge des Deutschen Segelflugmuseums mit Modellflug auf der Wasserkuppe |publisher=Stiftung Deutsches Segelflugmuseum Wasserkuppe mit Modellflug|publication-place=Gersfeld/Rhön|isbn=3-00-011649-4|date= 2004|language=German}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
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<!--* Das Weltrekordflugzeug im Deutschen Museum http://www.deutsches-museum.de/flugwerft/sammlungen/segelflugzeuge/kranich/
<!--* Das Weltrekordflugzeug im Deutschen Museum http://www.deutsches-museum.de/flugwerft/sammlungen/segelflugzeuge/kranich/
* [http://web.ukonline.co.uk/sssrcsoaring/Spotlight_Data/Kranich/Kranich.htm Informationen (englisch) und Bilder]-->
* [http://web.ukonline.co.uk/sssrcsoaring/Spotlight_Data/Kranich/Kranich.htm Informationen (englisch) und Bilder]-->
* [http://www.luftfahrtmuseum.com/htmd/dtf/kran2.htm Das Virtuelle Luftfahrtmuseum]: Technische Daten, visited on 2 March 2009
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100117083617/http://luftfahrtmuseum.com/htmd/dtf/kran2.htm Das Virtuelle Luftfahrtmuseum]: Technische Daten, visited on 2 March 2009
* [http://www.segelflugmuseum.de/index.php?id=4539&psid=805bc7b579ddf7e41f6ede760fdc35ad Deutsches Segelflugmuseum]: 1935–1950, visited on 2 March 2009
* [http://www.segelflugmuseum.de/index.php?id=4539&psid=805bc7b579ddf7e41f6ede760fdc35ad Deutsches Segelflugmuseum]: 1935–1950, visited on 2 March 2009
{{Hans Jacobs aircraft}}
{{Hans Jacobs aircraft}}
{{DFS aircraft}}
{{DFS aircraft}}
{{Swedish military aircraft designations}}


[[Category:German sailplanes 1930–1939]]
[[Category:1930s German sailplanes]]
[[Category:DFS aircraft|Kranich]]
[[Category:DFS aircraft|Kranich]]
[[Category:Glider aircraft]]
[[Category:Glider aircraft]]
[[Category:Gull-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Gull-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1935]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1935]]
[[Category:Prone pilot aircraft]]
[[Category:Shoulder-wing aircraft]]

Latest revision as of 18:15, 5 August 2023

Kranich
An AB Flygplan Se-103, a Swedish licence-built Kranich.
Role Two-seat sailplane
Manufacturer Karl Schweyer AG (primary manufacturer)
Designer Hans Jacobs for DFS
First flight 1935
Variants SZD-C Żuraw

The DFS Kranich is a type of German glider. It was developed by Hans Jacobs for the Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Segelflug (DFS).

History

[edit]

Series production of the Kranich (Crane) took place in the aircraft division of Karl Schweyer AG in Mannheim. The two-seater was, in its version 2, the most widely built two-seat glider in Germany from 1935 to 1939. Several hundred examples were built; exact numbers are not known.

On 11 October 1940 Erich Klöckner in a Kranich achieved the record height in a glider of 11,460 m (37598 ft). Because it occurred in wartime, the altitude record was not recognized by the Allied occupying powers, and Klöckner only received official recognition by the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) in the late 1990s.[1] This record height was only exceeded ten years after the flight by the American Bill Ivans during a similar scientific program in the Sierra Nevada.

In 1942 30 Kranichs were built by the Swedish manufacturer AB Flygplan in Norrköping, and delivered to the Swedish Air Force for training purposes. These machines were given the military designation Flygplan Se 103.

Between 1950 and 1952 50 examples of a slightly modified copy of the Kranich II were built in Poland, known as the SZD-C Żuraw (żuraw is Kranich in Polish = "crane").

Between 1947-48 10 examples and until 1957, 17 more of a slightly modified copy of the Kranich II were built in Yugoslavia, they have also repaired two war trophy left by the Germans. They were known as the UTVA Ždral LIBIS Žerjav (ždral-žerjav is Kranich in Serbian and Slovenian = "crane").

After the war, Jacobs designed the Kranich III, a new development very different from its predecessors. It was developed and produced at the Focke-Wulf aircraft factory in Bremen. The first flight was on 1 May 1952, piloted by Hanna Reitsch. Thirty-seven were built.

Variants

[edit]
Kranich II
Kranich
The initial prototype designed by Hans Jacobs for the DFS.
Kranich II
Production aircraft built primarily by Karl Schweyer AG and by Mraz, Czechoslovakia, but also in Poland, Spain and Sweden
Liege-Kranich
Conversion of Kranich II with an additional cockpit in the glazed nose for a prone pilot. Several built. First conversion in Trebbin in the middle of World War II for the purpose of testing prone flying. Also used for training to fly new German types (BV 40, DFS 228 and DFS 346).
Flygplan Se 103
License production of 30 aircraft in Sweden for the Swedish Air Force
SZD-C Żuraw
License production of a modified Kranich in Poland
Focke-Wulf Kranich III
A major re-design.
UTVA Żdral
License production of 10 aircraft a modified Kranich in Yugoslavia
LIBIS Żerjav
License production of 17 aircraft a modified Kranich in Yugoslavia by LIBIS Letalski inštitut Branko Ivanuš Slovenija

Specifications (Kranich II)

[edit]
Fuselage of a DFS Kranich II-B1 built in 1938

Data from The World's Sailplanes:Die Segelflugzeuge der Welt:Les Planeurs du Monde [2]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 2
  • Length: 7.7 m (25 ft 3 in)
  • Wingspan: 18 m (59 ft 1 in)
  • Wing area: 22.7 m2 (244 sq ft)
  • Aspect ratio: 14.3
  • Airfoil: Göttingen 535
  • Empty weight: 185 kg (408 lb) (equipped)
  • Max takeoff weight: 350 kg (772 lb)

Performance

  • Never exceed speed: 175 km/h (109 mph, 94 kn)
  • Rough air speed max: 128 km/h (80 mph; 69 kn)
  • Aerotow speed: 100 km/h (62 mph; 54 kn)
  • Winch launch speed: 80 km/h (50 mph; 43 kn)
  • Maximum glide ratio: 23.6 at 70 km/h (43 mph; 38 kn)
  • Rate of sink: 0.7 m/s (140 ft/min) at 60 km/h (37 mph; 32 kn)
  • Wing loading: 19.4 kg/m2 (4.0 lb/sq ft)

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ aerokurier magazine 1/1999: Erich Klöckners Vorstoß zur Tropopause, Motor Presse 1999
  2. ^ Shenstone, B.S.; K.G. Wilkinson; Peter Brooks (1958). The World's Sailplanes:Die Segelflugzeuge der Welt:Les Planeurs dans Le Monde (in English, French, and German) (1st ed.). Zurich: Organisation Scientifique et Technique Internationale du Vol a Voile (OSTIV) and Schweizer Aero-Revue. pp. 91–94.

References

[edit]
  • Shenstone, B.S.; K.G. Wilkinson; Peter Brooks (1958). The World's Sailplanes:Die Segelflugzeuge der Welt:Les Planeurs dans Le Monde (in English, French, and German) (1st ed.). Zurich: Organisation Scientifique et Technique Internationale du Vol a Voile (OSTIV) and Schweizer Aero-Revue. pp. 91–94.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Horst Lommel: Vom Höhenaufklärer bis zum Raumgleiter 1935 – 1945, Geheimprojekte der DFS, Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-613-02072-6
  • aerokurier magazine 1/1999: Erich Klöckners Vorstoß zur Tropopause, Motor Presse 1999
  • Georg Brütting; Die berühmtesten Segelflugzeuge, Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-613-02296-6
  • Horst Lommel: Zeitschrift Luftfahrt History Nr. 4: Der Flieger Erich - ein Nachruf auf Erich Klöckner, Lautec Software und Medien GmbH, Siegen 2004
  • Peter F. Selinger (2004), Segelflugzeug-Geschichten: die Gleit- und Segelflugzeuge des Deutschen Segelflugmuseums mit Modellflug auf der Wasserkuppe (in German), Gersfeld/Rhön: Stiftung Deutsches Segelflugmuseum Wasserkuppe mit Modellflug, ISBN 3-00-011649-4
[edit]
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