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#REDIRECT [[Gender in horror films#Psycho-biddy]] |
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{{Redirect|Hagsploitation|the Feud episode|Hagsploitation (Feud)}} |
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[[Image:Bette Davis and Joan Crawford in Whatever Happened to Baby Jane trailer.jpg|right|250px|thumb|[[Bette Davis]] and [[Joan Crawford]] in<br>''[[What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? (film)|What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?]]'' (1962)]] |
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'''Psycho-biddy''' (also known as '''Grande Dame Guignol''', '''hagsploitation''' and '''hag horror''')<ref name=":0">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Grande_Dame_Guignol_Cinema.html?id=HKYqAQAAIAAJ|title=Grande Dame Guignol Cinema: A History of Hag Horror from "Baby Jane" to "Mother"|last=Shelley|first=Peter|date=September 15, 2009|publisher=McFarland and Company, Inc.|isbn=978-0786445691|location=Jefferson, North Carolina and London}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-02-01|title=MENOPAUSAL MANIACS: A HAG HORROR WATCHLIST|url=https://www.rue-morgue.com/menopausal-maniacs-a-hag-horror-watchlist/|access-date=2021-05-24|website=Rue Morgue|language=en-US}}</ref> is a film subgenre which combines elements of the [[horror film|horror]], [[thriller film|thriller]] and [[woman's film]] genres, which conventionally feature a formerly-glamorous older woman who has become mentally unbalanced and terrorizes those around her.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pahle|first=Rebecca|date=2019-11-13|title=A primer for the unexpectedly awesome hagsploitation horror subgenre|url=https://www.syfy.com/syfywire/a-primer-for-the-unexpectedly-awesome-hagsploitation-horror-subgenre|access-date=2021-05-24|website=SYFY WIRE|language=en}}</ref> The genre was inaugurated in 1962 with the film ''[[What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? (film)|What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?]]'' and lasted through the mid-1970s. [[Renata Adler]], in her ''[[The New York Times|New York Times]]'' review for the 1968 film ''[[The Anniversary (1968 film)|The Anniversary]]'', referred to the genre as "the Terrifying Older Actress Filicidal Mummy genre."<ref>[https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9905E0DE1131E034BC4951DFB5668383679EDE ''New York Times'' review]</ref> |
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==Definition, themes and influences== |
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This subgenre includes elements of many other genres, including [[Gothic fiction|Gothic]], [[Grand Guignol]], [[black comedy]], [[psychodrama]], [[melodrama]], and even the [[Musical film|musical]]. |
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==History== |
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The genre began in [[1962 in film|1962]] with ''[[What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? (film)|What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?]]'', directed by [[Robert Aldrich]]. ''What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?'' bolstered the flagging careers of its [[Movie star|star]]s, [[Bette Davis]] and [[Joan Crawford]], as [[Baby Jane Hudson]] and [[Blanche Hudson]], respectively. The [[1950 in film|1950]] [[Billy Wilder]] classic ''[[Sunset Boulevard (1950 film)|Sunset Boulevard]]'' shares thematic similarities with ''What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?'' (their respective central characters are both psychotically deranged, formerly-glamorous older women) and can be seen as a precursor to the genre.<ref name=":0" /> |
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[[Mad Magazine|''Mad'' magazine]] poked fun at the genre in 1966 with a film musical satire entitled "Hack, Hack Sweet Has-Been - or Whatever Happened to Good Taste?"<ref>''"Hack, Hack Sweet Has-Been - or Whatever Happened to Good Taste?"'' Written by Mort Drucker, Illustrated by Larry Siegel. ''MAD'' Magazine, Issue No. 100, January 1966.</ref> |
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== Examples == |
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While the subgenre has existed over a broad time period, it is closely tied to the 1960s and the end of the [[Classical Hollywood cinema|Classical Hollywood]] Era.<ref name=":0" /> Thus, while there are many entries into the subgenre which exist outside of this decade (it is preceded by such films as [[Sunset Boulevard (film)|''Sunset Boulevard'']] and [[The Star (1952 film)|''The Star'']], and followed by [[Misery (film)|''Misery'']] and [[Mommie Dearest (film)|''Mommie Dearest'']]), it should be primarily considered within the context of the dying [[studio system]]. |
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* ''[[What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? (film)|What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?]]'' ([[Robert Aldrich]], 1962)<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-01-18|title=‘Hagsploitation’: horror’s obsession with older women returns|url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/jan/18/hagsploitation-horrors-obsession-with-older-women-returns|access-date=2021-05-24|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref> |
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* ''[[Strait-Jacket]]'' ([[William Castle]], 1964) |
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* ''[[Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte]]'' ([[Robert Aldrich]], 1964)<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-10-21|title=10 Grand Hagsploitation Horror Movies|url=https://filmschoolrejects.com/best-hagsploitation-horror-movies/|access-date=2021-05-24|website=Film School Rejects|language=en-US}}</ref> |
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* ''[[Fanatic (1965 film)|Fanatic]]'' (a.k.a. ''Die! Die! My Darling!'') ([[Silvio Narizzano]], 1965) |
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* ''[[What Ever Happened to Aunt Alice?]]'' ([[Lee H. Katzin]], 1969) |
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* ''[[What's the Matter with Helen?]]'' ([[Curtis Harrington]], 1971) |
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* ''[[Whoever Slew Auntie Roo?]]'' ([[Curtis Harrington]], 1971)<ref name=":0" /> |
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== Further reading == |
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* {{Cite book|last=Fisiak|first=Tomasz|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OyRQBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA5&lpg=PA5&dq=Hag+Horror+Heroines:+Kitsch/Camp+Goddesses,+Tyrannical+Females,+Queer+Icons.%E2%80%9D+Redefining+Kitsch+and+Camp+in+Literature+and+Culture&source=bl&ots=m6eJsAoUOF&sig=ACfU3U1iGiiK8cIuPASgjAVD_ctKjTUsFA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjikfvxn-LwAhUbbs0KHXYyD2oQ6AEwA3oECAIQAw#v=onepage&q=Hag%20Horror%20Heroines:%20Kitsch/Camp%20Goddesses,%20Tyrannical%20Females,%20Queer%20Icons.%E2%80%9D%20Redefining%20Kitsch%20and%20Camp%20in%20Literature%20and%20Culture&f=false|title=Redefining Kitsch and Camp in Literature and Culture|date=2014-09-26|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|isbn=978-1-4438-6779-5|language=en|chapter=Hag Horror Heroines: Kitsch/Camp Goddesses, Tyrannical Females, Queer Icons.}} |
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*{{Cite journal|last=Smith|first=Michelle|date=Spring 2021|title=Look At Her: The Subversive Spectacle of Grande Dame Guignol Cinema|url=https://repository.belmont.edu/english_theses/2/|journal=English Theses, Belmont University}} |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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{{Horror film}} |
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{{Women in Media}} |
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{{Film genres}} |
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[[Category:Film genres]] |
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[[Category:Horror films by genre]] |
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[[Category:Depictions of women in film]] |
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Latest revision as of 04:05, 17 November 2023
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