Hupehsuchus: Difference between revisions

Hupehsuchus; Temporal range: Early Triassic, Olenekian, Olenekian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
	Specimen WGSC 26004
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	†Hupehsuchia
Family:	†Hupehsuchidae
Genus:	†Hupehsuchus; Young, 1972
Type species
	†Hupehsuchus nanchangensis; Young, 1972

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Life restoration of *Hupehsuchus nanchangensis*

Hupehsuchus is an extinct genus of small marine reptiles, about 1 m (3 ft) long, found in the area of Hubei in China.^[1] This marine reptile lived in the Olenekian stage of the Early Triassic period.^[2] It was probably a filter feeder, like modern baleen whales.^[3]

Description

Specimen on display at the Paleozoological Museum of China

Hupehsuchus was similar to its close relative, Nanchangosaurus, but differed from it in a number of ways. For example, Hupehsuchus had heavier armor on its back than Nanchangosaurus, and its back spines were more finely divided, giving it a more crocodile-like appearance than Nanchangosaurus. It had a thin, long snout like a gharial, river dolphin, or ichthyosaur, which it probably used to snag fish or probe for aquatic invertebrates. A 2023 study suggests, on the basis of cranial anatomy paralleling that of baleen whales, that Hupehsuchus could have been a filter feeder.^[3]

Classification

Exactly to what species Hupehsuchus is related is unknown. Fairly clearly, it shares a close relationship with Nanchangosaurus, but other relations are unknown. Many features, including the discovery of polydactyly, suggest that Hupehsuchus is related to the ichthyosaurs, but the fact that Hupehsuchus' extra digits include more bones in the hand, rather than just the fingers as in the ichthyosaurs, may discredit that theory. It, along with Nanchangosaurus, seems to be so different from any other reptile that a new order has been constructed for the two genera called Hupehsuchia.

References

^ Li, Qiang; Liu, Jun (2020). "An Early Triassic sauropterygian and associated fauna from South China provide insights into Triassic ecosystem health". Communications Biology. 3 (1). 63. doi:10.1038/s42003-020-0778-7. PMC 7012838. PMID 32047220.
^ Chen, X. H.; Motani, R.; Cheng, L.; Jiang, D. Y.; Rieppel, O. (2014). "A Carapace-Like Bony 'Body Tube' in an Early Triassic Marine Reptile and the Onset of Marine Tetrapod Predation". PLOS ONE. 9 (4): e94396. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...994396C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0094396. PMC 3981804. PMID 24718682.
^ ^a ^b Fang, Zi-Chen (8 August 2023). "First filter feeding in the Early Triassic: cranial morphological convergence between Hupehsuchus and baleen whales". BMC Ecology and Evolution. 23 (36): 36. doi:10.1186/s12862-023-02143-9. ISSN 2730-7182. PMC 10408079. PMID 37550649.

Chinese Fossil Vertebrates by Spencer G. Lucas
The World Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Creatures by Dougal Dixon

This article about a Triassic reptile is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[1] Li, Qiang; Liu, Jun (2020). "An Early Triassic sauropterygian and associated fauna from South China provide insights into Triassic ecosystem health". Communications Biology. 3 (1). 63. doi:10.1038/s42003-020-0778-7. PMC 7012838. PMID 32047220.

[2] Chen, X. H.; Motani, R.; Cheng, L.; Jiang, D. Y.; Rieppel, O. (2014). "A Carapace-Like Bony 'Body Tube' in an Early Triassic Marine Reptile and the Onset of Marine Tetrapod Predation". PLOS ONE. 9 (4): e94396. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...994396C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0094396. PMC 3981804. PMID 24718682.

[Filter-3] Fang, Zi-Chen (8 August 2023). "First filter feeding in the Early Triassic: cranial morphological convergence between Hupehsuchus and baleen whales". BMC Ecology and Evolution. 23 (36): 36. doi:10.1186/s12862-023-02143-9. ISSN 2730-7182. PMC 10408079. PMID 37550649.

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[2]

[3]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Extinct genus of reptiles}}
 {{Automatic taxobox
-| fossil_range = [[Early Triassic]], {{Fossil range|Olenekian}}
+| fossil_range = [[Early Triassic]], [[Olenekian]], {{Fossil range|Olenekian}}
 | image = Hupehsuchus.png
-| image_width = 250px
+| image_upright = 1.15
 | image_caption = Specimen WGSC 26004
+| taxon = Hupehsuchus
 | authority = Young, [[1972 in paleontology|1972]]
 | type_species = {{extinct}}'''''Hupehsuchus nanchangensis'''''
@@ Line 9: / Line 11: @@
 }}
+[[Image:Hupehsuchus.jpg|thumb|left|Life restoration of ''Hupehsuchus nanchangensis'']]
-'''''Hupehsuchus''''' is an [[extinct]] [[genus]] of small marine reptile, about 1&nbsp;meter (3&nbsp;ft) long. It was found in the area of [[Hubei]] in [[China]]. This marine reptile lived in the [[Olenekian]] stage of the [[Early Triassic]] period.
+'''''Hupehsuchus''''' is an [[extinct]] [[genus]] of small marine reptiles, about 1&nbsp;m (3&nbsp;ft) long, found in the area of [[Hubei]] in [[China]].<ref>{{cite journal|year=2020 |first1=Qiang |last1=Li |first2=Jun |last2=Liu |title=An Early Triassic sauropterygian and associated fauna from South China provide insights into Triassic ecosystem health|journal=Communications Biology|volume=3|issue=1 |at=63|doi=10.1038/s42003-020-0778-7|pmid=32047220 |pmc=7012838 |doi-access=free}}</ref> This marine reptile lived in the [[Olenekian]] stage of the [[Early Triassic]] period.<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0094396| pmid = 24718682| title = A Carapace-Like Bony 'Body Tube' in an Early Triassic Marine Reptile and the Onset of Marine Tetrapod Predation| journal = PLOS ONE| volume = 9| issue = 4| pages = e94396| year = 2014| last1 = Chen | first1 = X. H. | last2 = Motani | first2 = R. | last3 = Cheng | first3 = L. | last4 = Jiang | first4 = D. Y. | last5 = Rieppel | first5 = O. | pmc=3981804| bibcode = 2014PLoSO...994396C| doi-access = free}}</ref>   It was probably a [[filter feeder]], like modern [[baleen whale]]s.<ref name="Filter">{{cite journal |last1=Fang |first1=Zi-Chen |title=First filter feeding in the Early Triassic: cranial morphological convergence between Hupehsuchus and baleen whales |journal=BMC Ecology and Evolution |date=8 August 2023 |volume=23 |issue=36 |page=36 |doi=10.1186/s12862-023-02143-9 |pmid=37550649 |pmc=10408079 |language=en |issn=2730-7182 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
 ==Description==
 [[File:HupehsuchusNanchangensis-PaleozoologicalMuseumOfChina-May23-08.jpg|thumb|left|Specimen on display at the [[Paleozoological Museum of China]]]]
+''Hupehsuchus'' was similar to its close relative, ''[[Nanchangosaurus]]'', but differed from it in a number of ways. For example, ''Hupehsuchus'' had heavier armor on its back than ''Nanchangosaurus'', and its back spines were more finely divided, giving it a more crocodile-like appearance than ''Nanchangosaurus''. It had a thin, long snout like a [[gharial]], [[river dolphin]], or [[ichthyosaur]], which it probably used to snag fish or probe for aquatic invertebrates. A 2023 study suggests, on the basis of cranial anatomy paralleling that of [[baleen whales]], that ''Hupehsuchus'' could have been a filter feeder.<ref name="Filter"/>
-[[Image:Hupehsuchus.jpg|thumb|left|Life restoration of ''Hupehsuchus nanchangensis'']]
-''Hupehsuchus'' was similar to its close cousin, ''[[Nanchangosaurus]]'', but differed from it in a number of ways. For example, ''Hupehsuchus'' had heavier armor on its back than ''Nanchangosaurus'', and its back spines were more finely divided, giving it a more crocodile-like appearance than ''Nanchangosaurus''. It had a thin, long snout like a [[gharial]], [[river dolphin]], or [[ichthyosaur]], which it probably used to snag fish or probe for aquatic invertebrates.
 ==Classification==
-It is unknown exactly what ''Hupehsuchus'' is related to. It is fairly clear that it shares a close relationship with ''Nanchangosaurus'', but other relations are unknown. Many features, including the discovery of polydactyly, suggest that ''Hupehsuchus'' is related to the ichthyosaurs, but the fact that ''Hupehsuchus''' extra digits include more bones in the hand, rather than just the fingers as in the ichthyosaurs, may discredit that theory. It along with ''Nanchangosaurus'' seem to be so different from any other reptile that a new order has been constructed for the two genera called [[Hupehsuchia]].
+Exactly to what species ''Hupehsuchus'' is related  is unknown. Fairly clearly, it shares a close relationship with ''Nanchangosaurus'', but other relations are unknown. Many features, including the discovery of polydactyly, suggest that ''Hupehsuchus'' is related to the ichthyosaurs, but the fact that ''Hupehsuchus''' extra digits include more bones in the hand, rather than just the fingers as in the ichthyosaurs, may discredit that theory. It, along with ''Nanchangosaurus'', seems to be so different from any other reptile that a new order has been constructed for the two genera called [[Hupehsuchia]].
-==Sources==
+==References==
+{{Reflist}}
 * ''Chinese Fossil Vertebrates'' by Spencer G. Lucas
 * ''The World Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Creatures'' by Dougal Dixon
-[[Category:Triassic reptiles]]
-[[Category:Prehistoric reptiles of Asia]]
-{{triassic-reptile-stub}}
 {{portal|Paleontology}}
+{{Ichthyosauromorpha|Ichthyosauromorpha}}
+{{Taxonbar|from=Q1014441}}
+[[Category:Triassic ichthyosauromorphs]]
+[[Category:Early Triassic reptiles of Asia]]
+[[Category:Hupehsuchians]]
+[[Category:Ichthyosauromorph genera]]
+{{triassic-reptile-stub}}