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Word chain, also known as grab on behind, last and first, alpha and omega, and the name game,^[1]^[2]^[3] is a word game in which players come up with words that begin with the letter or letters that the previous word ended with. A category of words is usually chosen, there is a time limit such as five seconds,^[1]^[4] and words may not be repeated in the same game.^[5] The version of the game in which cities are used is called geography, and a generalized version with place names is called Atlas.

Time

An example chain for food would be: Soup - Peas - Sugar - Rice.^[1]

The game is used as a tool for teaching English as a second language^[6]^[7] and as a car game.^[5]

Related games

A similar Japanese game is shiritori, in which the word must begin with the last mora, or kana, of the previous word. It includes a rule for loss: words ending with N may not be used since the kana is never used in the beginning of words. The game antakshari (ant means end, akshar means letter), played in India, Pakistan and Nepal also involves chaining, but with verses of movie songs (usually Bollywood songs). In Russia, a game similar to the Word chain is called Words (Russian: слова), or "A Game of Cities" (Игра в города) if played using city and town names. In French-speaking countries, the game marabout involves the last syllable.

In Chinese languages, a similar game is known as jielong (接龍), where players start new words with the last hanzi of the preceding word. Another variant of the game is known as tzuchuan (字串), which utilises adding, removing or replacing of one of the character's components to form another character. The most popular variant of the game is known as chengyu jielong (成語接龍), which involves four character idioms instead.

There is also a similar South Slavic game called kalodont, in which players continue the chain by beginning with last two letters of the previous word.

In Korean, a similar game is kkeunmaritgi (끝말잇기), in which players must say a word that starts with the last Hangul letter of the previous word. In Romanian, there is a game called "Fazan" ("Pheasant"), in which players must say a word that starts with the last two letters of the previous word.

Writing poetry following the same principle is called capping verses.^[8]^[9] Various other variants exist, such as Ancient Greek skolion.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Wise, Debra; Sandra Forrest (2003). Great big book of children's games: over 450 indoor and outdoor games for kids. McGraw-Hill Professional. ISBN 0-07-142246-3.
^ Wood, Clemend; Gloria Goddard (1940). The complete book of games (2 ed.). Garden City.
^ "How to Play the Name Game!". The Van Gogh-Goghs. 1999. Retrieved 27 April 2019.
^ Cullen, Ruth (2004). Brainiac's Gross-Out Activity Book. Activity Journal Series. Peter Pauper Press. ISBN 0-88088-448-7.
^ ^a ^b Rosenthal, Aaron. "Are We There Yet?". Street Directory. Retrieved 8 December 2009.
^ Sperling, Dave. "w-o-r-d c-h-a-i-n". Dave's ESL Cafe. Retrieved 8 December 2009.
^ Hill, Monica (2005). "Fun Vocabulary Learning Activities". Harsh words: English words for Chinese learners. Hong Kong University Press. p. 138. ISBN 962-209-717-0.
^ Cap Verses (To)., Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, Brewer, 1898
^ Brewer, E. Cobham (1898). "Cap Verses (To).". Dictionary of Phrase and Fable.

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[great-1] Wise, Debra; Sandra Forrest (2003). Great big book of children's games: over 450 indoor and outdoor games for kids. McGraw-Hill Professional. ISBN 0-07-142246-3.

[2] Wood, Clemend; Gloria Goddard (1940). The complete book of games (2 ed.). Garden City.

[3] "How to Play the Name Game!". The Van Gogh-Goghs. 1999. Retrieved 27 April 2019.

[4] Cullen, Ruth (2004). Brainiac's Gross-Out Activity Book. Activity Journal Series. Peter Pauper Press. ISBN 0-88088-448-7.

[yet-5] Rosenthal, Aaron. "Are We There Yet?". Street Directory. Retrieved 8 December 2009.

[6] Sperling, Dave. "w-o-r-d c-h-a-i-n". Dave's ESL Cafe. Retrieved 8 December 2009.

[7] Hill, Monica (2005). "Fun Vocabulary Learning Activities". Harsh words: English words for Chinese learners. Hong Kong University Press. p. 138. ISBN 962-209-717-0.

[8] Cap Verses (To)., Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, Brewer, 1898

[9] Brewer, E. Cobham (1898). "Cap Verses (To).". Dictionary of Phrase and Fable.

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+{{Short description|Oral game for a group of people}}
 {{redirect|Last and First}}
-{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2010}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
 {{for|the games in which one word is progressively changed into another|Word Ladder|Word golf}}
-'''Word chain''', also known as '''grab on behind''', '''last and first''', '''alpha and omega''', and '''the name game'''.<ref name=great>{{cite book|last=Wise|first=Debra|author2=Sandra Forrest |title=Great big book of children's games: over 450 indoor and outdoor games for kids|publisher=McGraw-Hill Professional|date=2003|isbn=0-07-142246-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wTuZMWvmUisC&pg=PA74}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Wood|first=Clemend|author2=Gloria Goddard |title=The complete book of games|publisher=Garden City|date=1940|edition=2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vgg.com/tr/namegame.html|title=How to Play the Name Game!|date=1999|website=The Van Gogh-Goghs|access-date=27 April 2019}}</ref> is a [[word game]] in which players come up with words that begin with the letter or letters that the previous word ended with. A category of words is usually chosen, there is a time limit such as five seconds,<ref name=great/><ref>{{cite book|last=Cullen|first=Ruth|title=Brainiac's Gross-Out Activity Book|publisher=Peter Pauper Press|date=2004|series=Activity Journal Series|isbn=0-88088-448-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6UN1rAxGKJAC&pg=PA113}}</ref> and words may not be repeated in the same game.<ref name=yet>{{cite web|url=http://www.streetdirectory.com/travel_guide/15243/parenting/are_we_there_yet.html|title=Are We There Yet?|last=Rosenthal|first=Aaron|work=Street Directory|accessdate=8 December 2009}}</ref> The version of the game in which cities are used is called '''geography'''.
+'''Word chain''', also known as '''grab on behind''', '''last and first''', '''alpha and omega''', and '''the name game''',<ref name=great>{{cite book|last=Wise|first=Debra|author2=Sandra Forrest |title=Great big book of children's games: over 450 indoor and outdoor games for kids|publisher=McGraw-Hill Professional|date=2003|isbn=0-07-142246-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wTuZMWvmUisC&pg=PA74}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Wood|first=Clemend|author2=Gloria Goddard |title=The complete book of games|publisher=Garden City|date=1940|edition=2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vgg.com/tr/namegame.html|title=How to Play the Name Game!|date=1999|website=The Van Gogh-Goghs|access-date=27 April 2019}}</ref> is a [[word game]] in which players come up with words that begin with the letter or letters that the previous word ended with. A category of words is usually chosen, there is a time limit such as five seconds,<ref name=great/><ref>{{cite book|last=Cullen|first=Ruth|title=Brainiac's Gross-Out Activity Book|publisher=Peter Pauper Press|date=2004|series=Activity Journal Series|isbn=0-88088-448-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6UN1rAxGKJAC&pg=PA113}}</ref> and words may not be repeated in the same game.<ref name=yet>{{cite web|url=http://www.streetdirectory.com/travel_guide/15243/parenting/are_we_there_yet.html|title=Are We There Yet?|last=Rosenthal|first=Aaron|work=Street Directory|accessdate=8 December 2009}}</ref> The version of the game in which cities are used is called '''geography''', and a generalized version with place names is called '''Atlas'''.
 == Time ==
@@ Line 11: / Line 12: @@
 ==Related games==
-A similar Japanese game is [[Shiritori]], in which the word must begin with the last syllable, or [[kana]], of the previous word. It includes a rule for loss: words ending with N may not be used since the kana is never used in the beginning of words. The game [[Antakshari]] (''ant'' means ''end'', ''akshar'' means ''letter''), played in [[India]], [[Pakistan]] and [[Nepal]] also involves chaining, but with verses of movie songs (usually [[Bollywood songs]]). In Russia a game similar to the Word chain is called Words (Russian: слова). In French-speaking countries, the game [[Marabout]] involves the last syllable.
+A similar Japanese game is [[shiritori]], in which the word must begin with the last mora, or [[kana]], of the previous word. It includes a rule for loss: words ending with N may not be used since the kana is never used in the beginning of words. The game [[antakshari]] (''ant'' means ''end'', ''akshar'' means ''letter''), played in [[India]], [[Pakistan]] and [[Nepal]] also involves chaining, but with verses of movie songs (usually [[Bollywood songs]]). In Russia, a game similar to the Word chain is called Words (Russian: слова), or "A Game of Cities" ({{lang|ru|Игра в города}}) if played using city and town names. In French-speaking countries, the game ''marabout'' involves the last syllable.
+In [[Sinitic languages|Chinese languages]], a similar game is known as ''jielong'' ([[wikt:接龍|接龍]]), where players start new words with the last [[hanzi]] of the preceding word. Another variant of the game is known as ''tzuchuan'' (字串), which utilises adding, removing or replacing of one of the character's components to form another character. The most popular variant of the game is known as ''chengyu jielong'' ([[wiktionary:成語|成語]][[wiktionary:接龍|接龍]]), which involves four character idioms instead.
-Writing poetry following the same principle is called ''capping verses.''<ref>[http://www.bartleby.com/81/2991.html Cap Verses (To).], Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, Brewer, 1898</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.bartleby.com/81/2991.html|title=Dictionary of Phrase and Fable|last=Brewer|first=E. Cobham|year=1898|chapter=Cap Verses (To).}}</ref> Various other variants exist, such as Ancient Greek [[skolion]].
+There is also a similar [[South Slavic languages|South Slavic]] game called [[Kalodont (game)|kalodont]], in which players continue the chain by beginning with last two letters of the previous word.
-==Examples from popular culture==
-{{In popular culture|section|date=April 2020}}
+In [[Korean Language|Korean]], a similar game is ''kkeunmaritgi'' ([[wikt:끝말잇기|끝말잇기]]), in which players must say a word that starts with the last [[Hangul]] letter of the previous word. In [[Romanian language|Romanian]], there is a game called "Fazan" ("Pheasant"), in which players must say a word that starts with the last two letters of the previous word.
-* In the European Version of ''[[Tomodachi Life]]'' there is an event called Word Chain, it is the English version of Shiritori Tournament but the North American Version lacks it and replaced with a similar event called ''Rap Battle''.
+Writing poetry following the same principle is called ''capping verses.''<ref>[http://www.bartleby.com/81/2991.html Cap Verses (To).], Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, Brewer, 1898</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.bartleby.com/81/2991.html|title=Dictionary of Phrase and Fable|last=Brewer|first=E. Cobham|year=1898|chapter=Cap Verses (To).}}</ref> Various other variants exist, such as Ancient Greek [[skolion]].
 ==See also==