George L. Harrison: Difference between revisions
m →Career: edit for clarity |
add photo of wedding; add commons |
||
| (7 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) | |||
| Line 20: | Line 20: | ||
==Early life and education== |
==Early life and education== |
||
Harrison was born in [[San Francisco, California]], on January 26, 1887. In 1909, at [[ |
Harrison was born in [[San Francisco, California]], on January 26, 1887. In 1909, at [[Yale University]], he was elected to the [[Skull and Bones]] secret society.<ref name="nyt280509" >{{cite news |work=[[New York Times]] |date=28 May 1909 |title=Taft's son elected to Skull and Bones }}</ref> He graduated from [[Yale University]] in 1910<ref name = NYTObit>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title= George L. Harrison Dead at 71; Headed Federal Reserve Here|url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1958/03/06/83399186.pdf |newspaper= The New York Times|location= New York City|date= 6 March 1958|access-date= 2 September 2016}}</ref> and [[Harvard Law School]] in 1913.<ref name=NYTObit/> |
||
==Career== |
==Career== |
||
After earning his law degree, Harrison became [[law clerk]] for one year to [[Supreme Court of the United States|U.S. Supreme Court]] Justice [[Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.|Oliver Wendell Holmes]]. |
After earning his law degree, Harrison became [[law clerk]] for one year to [[Supreme Court of the United States|U.S. Supreme Court]] Justice [[Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.|Oliver Wendell Holmes]]. |
||
After serving as general counsel to the [[Federal Reserve Board]], Harrison served as president of the [[Federal Reserve Bank of New York]] for 13 years, starting in 1928.<ref name=head>{{cite news |title=G.L. Harrison Heads Reserve Bank Here |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1928/11/24/archives/gl-harrison-heads-reserve-bank-here-deputy-governor-is-appointed-to.html |newspaper=[[New York Times]] |date=November 24, 1928 |access-date=2012-10-28 }}</ref> |
After serving as general counsel to the [[Federal Reserve Board]], Harrison served as president of the [[Federal Reserve Bank of New York]] for 13 years, starting in 1928.<ref name=head>{{cite news |title=G.L. Harrison Heads Reserve Bank Here |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1928/11/24/archives/gl-harrison-heads-reserve-bank-here-deputy-governor-is-appointed-to.html |newspaper=[[New York Times]] |date=November 24, 1928 |access-date=2012-10-28 }}</ref> A year after he became president of the New York branch, the U.S. economy went into a recession. Harrison tried to curb an emerging stock bubble and persuaded the Federal Reserve board to raise interest rates, instead of letting the stock market react naturally to economic conditions.<ref>[https://www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/stock-market-crash-of-1929 “Stock Market Crash of 1929, October 1929.” Federal Reserve History, Economic Research, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis]</ref> In October 1929, the stock market crashed, starting the [[Great Depression]]. The Federal Reserve raised interest rates again following the crash and also failed to increase the money supply to combat deflation, thereby allowing conditions to deteriorate further. |
||
persuaded the Federal Reserve board to raise interest rates, instead of letting the stock market react naturally to economic conditions.<ref>[https://www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/stock-market-crash-of-1929 “Stock Market Crash of 1929, October 1929.” Federal Reserve History, Economic Research, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis]</ref> In October 1929, the stock market crashed, starting the [[Great Depression]]. The Federal Reserve raised interest rates again following the crash and also failed to increase the money supply to combat deflation, thereby allowing conditions to deteriorate further. |
|||
Harrison left the Federal Reserve in 1941 to become president of [[New York Life Insurance Company]]. |
Harrison left the Federal Reserve in 1941 to become president of [[New York Life Insurance Company]]. |
||
| ⚫ | During [[World War II]], Harrison was War Secretary [[Henry L. Stimson]]'s special assistant for matters relating to the development of the [[atomic bomb]]. He served with Stimson on the eight-member [[Interim Committee]] which examined problems expected to result from the bomb's creation and which recommended direct military use of the bomb against [[Japan]] without specific warning. Harrison chaired the committee when Stimson was absent, including at the [[Potsdam Conference]]. |
||
During [[World War II]], Harrison was War Secretary [[Henry L. Stimson]]'s special assistant for matters relating to the development of the [[atomic bomb]]. One of Harrison's notable moments was when he informed Secretary Stimson of the success detonation of the atomic bomb testing in New Mexico. Specifically, he wrote that<blockquote>“Doctor has just returned most enthusiastic and confident that the little boy is as husky as his big brother. The light in his eyes discernible from here to high hold and I could have heard his screams from here to my farm.”<ref>https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB162/35.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref></blockquote>The meaning of this quote is that the "[[Little Boy]]" atomic bomb (made of [[Uranium-235]]) was as successful as the "[[Fat Man]]" bomb (made of plutonium). The light from here to high hold refers how the detonation was visible from "here" in [[Washington, D.C.]] to Stimson's Highhold estate nearly 250 miles away on [[Long Island]]. The bomb was so loud that Harrison could hear the detonation from "here" in Washington, D.C. to his farm on [[Upperville, Virginia|Upperville, VA]], nearly 50 miles away. |
|||
One of Harrison's notable moments in this role was when he informed Secretary Stimson of the successful [[Trinity test|first test of the atomic bomb]] in New Mexico. Specifically, he cabled to him that: |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
<blockquote>"Doctor has just returned most enthusiastic and confident that the little boy is as husky as his big brother. The light in his eyes discernible from here to high hold and I could have heard his screams from here to my farm."<ref>https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB162/35.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref></blockquote> |
|||
Harrison and Stimson had not worked out a code for describing the test results ahead of time, so Harrison improvised the above, knowing Stimson would understand it to mean General [[Leslie Groves]] ("Doctor") had returned from New Mexico to Washington, D.C., and had reported that the tested "[[Fat Man]]" [[Nuclear_weapon_design#Implosion-type|implosion-type]] atomic bomb (fueled by of [[plutonium-239]]) was as successful as the untested "[[Little Boy]]" bomb (fueled by [[uranium-235]]) was expected to be (prior to the test, the implosion design was expected to be much less powerful in its present form than the gun-type bomb). The light from here to high hold refers how the detonation was visible from "here" in [[Washington, D.C.]] to Stimson's Highhold estate nearly 250 miles away on [[Long Island]]. The bomb was so loud that Harrison could hear the detonation from "here" in Washington, D.C. to his farm on [[Upperville, Virginia|Upperville, VA]], nearly 50 miles away. |
|||
Harrison returned to his position at New York Life after the war, becoming chair of the company's board in 1948. |
Harrison returned to his position at New York Life after the war, becoming chair of the company's board in 1948. |
||
==Personal life== |
==Personal life== |
||
[[File:Grayson's widow weds. Washington, D.C., March 2. Mrs. Alice Gertrude Grayson, widow of Rear Admiral Cary T. Grayson who was personal physician to the late President Wilson, was married today LCCN2016877213.jpg|thumb|right|Harrison and his bride Alice at their wedding in 1940]] |
|||
Harrison married the widow of Rear Admiral [[Cary T. Grayson]], who was the former Alice Gertrude Gordon.<ref name = NYTObit/> |
Harrison married the widow of Rear Admiral [[Cary T. Grayson]], who was the former Alice Gertrude Gordon.<ref name = NYTObit/> |
||
| Line 48: | Line 52: | ||
==External links== |
==External links== |
||
{{commons category}} |
|||
*[http://www.newyorkfed.org/aboutthefed/GHarrisonbio.html Harrison's Biography at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York] |
*[http://www.newyorkfed.org/aboutthefed/GHarrisonbio.html Harrison's Biography at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York] |
||
* {{PM20|FID=pe/007175}} |
* {{PM20|FID=pe/007175}} |
||
Latest revision as of 04:05, 17 January 2024
George Harrison | |
|---|---|
 | |
| President of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York | |
| In office November 24, 1928 – December 31, 1940 | |
| Preceded by | Benjamin Strong Jr. |
| Succeeded by | Allan Sproul |
| Personal details | |
| Born | George Leslie Harrison January 26, 1887 San Francisco, California, U.S. |
| Died | March 5, 1958 (aged 71) New York City, New York, U.S. |
| Resting place | Rock Creek Cemetery Washington, D.C., U.S. |
| Education | Yale University (BA) Harvard University (LLB) |
| Signature |  |
George Leslie Harrison (January 26, 1887 – March 5, 1958) was an American banker, insurance executive and advisor to Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson during World War II.[1]
Early life and education
[edit]Harrison was born in San Francisco, California, on January 26, 1887. In 1909, at Yale University, he was elected to the Skull and Bones secret society.[2] He graduated from Yale University in 1910[3] and Harvard Law School in 1913.[3]
Career
[edit]After earning his law degree, Harrison became law clerk for one year to U.S. Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes.
After serving as general counsel to the Federal Reserve Board, Harrison served as president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York for 13 years, starting in 1928.[1] A year after he became president of the New York branch, the U.S. economy went into a recession. Harrison tried to curb an emerging stock bubble and persuaded the Federal Reserve board to raise interest rates, instead of letting the stock market react naturally to economic conditions.[4] In October 1929, the stock market crashed, starting the Great Depression. The Federal Reserve raised interest rates again following the crash and also failed to increase the money supply to combat deflation, thereby allowing conditions to deteriorate further.
Harrison left the Federal Reserve in 1941 to become president of New York Life Insurance Company.
During World War II, Harrison was War Secretary Henry L. Stimson's special assistant for matters relating to the development of the atomic bomb. He served with Stimson on the eight-member Interim Committee which examined problems expected to result from the bomb's creation and which recommended direct military use of the bomb against Japan without specific warning. Harrison chaired the committee when Stimson was absent, including at the Potsdam Conference.
One of Harrison's notable moments in this role was when he informed Secretary Stimson of the successful first test of the atomic bomb in New Mexico. Specifically, he cabled to him that:
"Doctor has just returned most enthusiastic and confident that the little boy is as husky as his big brother. The light in his eyes discernible from here to high hold and I could have heard his screams from here to my farm."[5]
Harrison and Stimson had not worked out a code for describing the test results ahead of time, so Harrison improvised the above, knowing Stimson would understand it to mean General Leslie Groves ("Doctor") had returned from New Mexico to Washington, D.C., and had reported that the tested "Fat Man" implosion-type atomic bomb (fueled by of plutonium-239) was as successful as the untested "Little Boy" bomb (fueled by uranium-235) was expected to be (prior to the test, the implosion design was expected to be much less powerful in its present form than the gun-type bomb). The light from here to high hold refers how the detonation was visible from "here" in Washington, D.C. to Stimson's Highhold estate nearly 250 miles away on Long Island. The bomb was so loud that Harrison could hear the detonation from "here" in Washington, D.C. to his farm on Upperville, VA, nearly 50 miles away.
Harrison returned to his position at New York Life after the war, becoming chair of the company's board in 1948.
Personal life
[edit]
Harrison married the widow of Rear Admiral Cary T. Grayson, who was the former Alice Gertrude Gordon.[3]
Harrison died of a cerebral hemorrhage in New York City in 1958[3] and is buried in Rock Creek Cemetery in Washington, DC.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b "G.L. Harrison Heads Reserve Bank Here". New York Times. November 24, 1928. Retrieved 2012-10-28.
- ^ "Taft's son elected to Skull and Bones". New York Times. 28 May 1909.
- ^ a b c d "George L. Harrison Dead at 71; Headed Federal Reserve Here" (PDF). The New York Times. New York City. 6 March 1958. Retrieved 2 September 2016.
- ^ “Stock Market Crash of 1929, October 1929.” Federal Reserve History, Economic Research, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
- ^ https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB162/35.pdf [bare URL PDF]
External links
[edit]
- Harrison's Biography at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York
- Newspaper clippings about George L. Harrison in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| People | |
| Other | |
- 1887 births
- 1958 deaths
- Burials at Rock Creek Cemetery
- Businesspeople from San Francisco
- Federal Reserve Bank of New York presidents
- Harvard Law School alumni
- Law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States
- New York Life Insurance Company
- Skull and Bones Society
- Yale University alumni
- 20th-century American businesspeople
- Members of Skull and Bones