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{{short description|Burgundian duke}} |
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'''Amalgar''', also ''Amalgarius'' ( |
'''Amalgar''', also ''Amalgarius'' ({{circa|590}}{{snd}}643), was a [[Burgundians|Burgundian]] duke from the area around [[Dijon]]. He was also the proprietor of multiple monasteries, and was a progenitor of the [[Etichonid]] clan, from which the [[Habsburgs]] originate. |
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== Life == |
== Life == |
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Amalgar's family belonged to the Burgundian people, as the formation of his personal name from the East Germanic ''Amal'' tribe suggests, and came to the region of the [[Saône]] plain as part of the expansion of Burgundian rule under King [[Gundobad]]. |
Amalgar's family belonged to the Burgundian people, as the formation of his personal name from the East Germanic ''Amal'' tribe suggests, and came to the region of the [[Saône]] plain as part of the expansion of Burgundian rule under King [[Gundobad]]. |
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Because of the ''Amal'' tribe, which rarely occurs among the Burgundian dukes, medievalists suspect that Amalgar was the grandson of the Duke [[Amalo]] |
Because of the ''Amal'' tribe, which rarely occurs among the Burgundian dukes, medievalists suspect that Amalgar was the grandson of the Duke [[Amalo]], who is named in volume 9 of the ''Decem libri historiarum'' by [[Gregory of Tours]].<ref>{{Cite book |author=Gregory of Tours |author-link=Gregory of Tours |title=Decem libri historiarum |volume=9}}</ref> |
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The first mention of Amalgar as duke can be found in the [[chronicle of Fredegar]] for the year 629,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Collins |first=Roger |title=The Fredegar Chronicles (unpublished English version of my Die Fredegar Chroniken) |url=https://www.academia.edu/28868071 |
The first mention of Amalgar as duke can be found in the [[chronicle of Fredegar]] for the year 629,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Collins |first=Roger |title=The Fredegar Chronicles (unpublished English version of my Die Fredegar Chroniken) |url=https://www.academia.edu/28868071}}</ref> but research{{By whom|date=April 2022}} generally assumes that he was already awarded the ducal dignity under the reign of [[Chlothar II|Chlotar II]]. |
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After Chlotar's death, King [[Dagobert I]] took control of the Frankish Empire and passed over his half-brother [[Charibert II]], who was described as simple-minded in the usual division of the estate. As Fredegar reports, under pressure from [[Neustria]]n nobles around Charibert's uncle Brodulf, the king was forced to give his half-brother the sub-kingdom in [[Aquitaine]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Deutsch |first=Lorànt |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/857663739 |title=Metronome : a history of Paris from the underground up |date=2013 |others=Emmanuel Haymann |isbn=978-1-250-02367-4 |edition=First U.S. |location=New York |oclc=857663739}}</ref> In order to prevent the enforcement of Neustrian particular interests in the [[Francia|Frankish Empire]] in the future, Dagobert decided to have his influential uncle eliminated. In 630 Brodulf, who was on his way to Aquitaine, was murdered jointly by Amalgar, the Dux Arnebert and the Patricius [[Willibad]] at the instigation of the Frankish king during a stay in [[Saint-Jean-de-Losne]] in Burgundy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Notice sur Grégoire de Tours par François Guizot |url=http://remacle.org/bloodwolf/historiens/gregoire/fregedaire.htm |access-date=2022-04-05 |website=remacle.org}}</ref> |
After Chlotar's death, King [[Dagobert I]] took control of the Frankish Empire and passed over his half-brother [[Charibert II]], who was described as simple-minded in the usual division of the estate. As Fredegar reports, under pressure from [[Neustria]]n nobles around Charibert's uncle Brodulf, the king was forced to give his half-brother the sub-kingdom in [[Aquitaine]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Deutsch |first=Lorànt |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/857663739 |title=Metronome : a history of Paris from the underground up |date=2013 |others=Emmanuel Haymann |isbn=978-1-250-02367-4 |edition=First U.S. |location=New York |oclc=857663739}}</ref> In order to prevent the enforcement of Neustrian particular interests in the [[Francia|Frankish Empire]] in the future, Dagobert decided to have his influential uncle eliminated. In 630 Brodulf, who was on his way to Aquitaine, was murdered jointly by Amalgar, the Dux Arnebert and the Patricius [[Willibad]] at the instigation of the Frankish king during a stay in [[Saint-Jean-de-Losne]] in Burgundy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Notice sur Grégoire de Tours par François Guizot |url=http://remacle.org/bloodwolf/historiens/gregoire/fregedaire.htm |access-date=2022-04-05 |website=remacle.org}}</ref> |
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After this act, Amalgar was one of the closest Burgundian confidants of Dagobert I and was entrusted with important tasks by the king. In 631 he led a Frankish army to the [[Visigothic Kingdom|Visigoths]] on the Iberian Peninsula to support the [[Sisenand]] uprising against King [[ |
After this act, Amalgar was one of the closest Burgundian confidants of Dagobert I and was entrusted with important tasks by the king. In 631 he led a Frankish army to the [[Visigothic Kingdom|Visigoths]] on the Iberian Peninsula to support the [[Sisenand]] uprising against King [[Suinthila]]. In 637 Amalgar was appointed head of the Burgundian army, which was called up by Dagobert I to suppress a [[Basques|Basque]] revolt.{{Citation needed|date=April 2022}} |
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After the death of Dagobert I, Amalgar played a central role in the inner-Burgundian power struggle for the underage King [[Clovis II]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2022}} He supported a Burgundian faction fighting against that of Willibald, who had previously aided him in the murder of Brodulf. At the gates of [[Autun]] there was a [[Battle of Autun (640s)|decisive battle]] in September 642 in the dispute for power in the Frankish part of Burgundy, which came to an end with the death of Willibad.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wallace-Hadrill |first=J. M. |date=1959-03-01 |title=The bloodfeud of the Franks |url=https://www.manchesterhive.com/view/journals/bjrl/41/2/article-p459.xml |journal=Bulletin of the John Rylands Library |language=en |volume=41 |issue=2 |pages=459–487 |doi=10.7227/BJRL.41.2.10 |issn=2054-9318}}</ref> |
After the death of Dagobert I, Amalgar played a central role in the inner-Burgundian power struggle for the underage King [[Clovis II]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2022}} He supported a Burgundian faction fighting against that of Willibald, who had previously aided him in the murder of Brodulf. At the gates of [[Autun]] there was a [[Battle of Autun (640s)|decisive battle]] in September 642 in the dispute for power in the Frankish part of Burgundy, which came to an end with the death of Willibad.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wallace-Hadrill |first=J. M. |date=1959-03-01 |title=The bloodfeud of the Franks |url=https://www.manchesterhive.com/view/journals/bjrl/41/2/article-p459.xml |journal=Bulletin of the John Rylands Library |language=en |volume=41 |issue=2 |pages=459–487 |doi=10.7227/BJRL.41.2.10 |issn=2054-9318}}</ref> |
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== Legacy == |
== Legacy == |
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Amalgar was married to Aquilina,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Family tree of Amalgar de DIJON |url=https://gw.geneanet.org/jlbohrer?lang=en&n=de+dijon&oc=0&p=amalgar |access-date=2022-04-05 |website=Geneanet |language=en}}</ref> the daughter of [[ |
Amalgar was married to Aquilina,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Family tree of Amalgar de DIJON |url=https://gw.geneanet.org/jlbohrer?lang=en&n=de+dijon&oc=0&p=amalgar |access-date=2022-04-05 |website=Geneanet |language=en}}</ref> the daughter of [[Waldelenus]], a duke from Upper Burgundy. With this connection, the two most powerful families of Burgundy united - in particular the side of the Waldelenus rose over the course of the following two centuries as a clan of the {{ill|Waltriche|de}} to one of the most influential families in the Frankish Empire. |
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From the marriage came the two sons: Adalrich, who succeeded his father as duke, and Waldelenus, who was taught in the [[Luxeuil Abbey|Luxeuil]] abbey of [[Columbanus]] and then worked as abbot of the family monastery of Saint-Pierre, as well as the daughter Adalsind, who became an abbess in [[Bregille|Brégille]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Genève |first=Société d'Histoire et d'archéologie de |url=https://books.google. |
From the marriage came the two sons: Adalrich, who succeeded his father as duke, and Waldelenus, who was taught in the [[Luxeuil Abbey|Luxeuil]] abbey of [[Columbanus]] and then worked as abbot of the family monastery of Saint-Pierre, as well as the daughter Adalsind, who became an abbess in [[Bregille|Brégille]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Genève |first=Société d'Histoire et d'archéologie de |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eE4jWAJUurEC&pg=PA26 |title=Memoires et Documents |date=1961 |publisher=Librairie Droz |isbn=978-2-600-05015-9 |language=fr}}</ref> |
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The grandson of Amalgar, Adalrich's son [[Eticho]], was a duke in Alsace, father of [[ |
The grandson of Amalgar, Adalrich's son [[Eticho]], was a duke in Alsace, father of [[St. Odilia]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Life of St Odilia |url=https://www.ottilien.org/wp-content/uploads/Life_of_Odilia_editioparva_lr.pdf |access-date=April 5, 2022}}</ref> and ancestor of the noble family, the Etichonids, to which later dynasties, for example the Habsburgs, trace their origin. |
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Like many Christians at the time, Amalgar was convinced that public penance would allow all sins to be forgiven. Therefore, he founded the Saint-Pierre monastery immediately after Brodulf's murder. Later on, he would also found the |
Like many Christians at the time, Amalgar was convinced that public penance would allow all sins to be forgiven. Therefore, he founded the Saint-Pierre monastery immediately after Brodulf's murder. Later on, he would also found the Bregille abbey. Both would be richly endowed with lands around Burgundy. |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{reflist}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Amalgar}} |
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[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]] |
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[[Category:6th-century births]] |
[[Category:6th-century births]] |
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[[Category:643 deaths]] |
[[Category:643 deaths]] |
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Latest revision as of 20:39, 20 January 2024
Amalgar, also Amalgarius (c. 590 – 643), was a Burgundian duke from the area around Dijon. He was also the proprietor of multiple monasteries, and was a progenitor of the Etichonid clan, from which the Habsburgs originate.
Life
[edit]Amalgar's family belonged to the Burgundian people, as the formation of his personal name from the East Germanic Amal tribe suggests, and came to the region of the Saône plain as part of the expansion of Burgundian rule under King Gundobad.
Because of the Amal tribe, which rarely occurs among the Burgundian dukes, medievalists suspect that Amalgar was the grandson of the Duke Amalo, who is named in volume 9 of the Decem libri historiarum by Gregory of Tours.[1]
The first mention of Amalgar as duke can be found in the chronicle of Fredegar for the year 629,[2] but research[by whom?] generally assumes that he was already awarded the ducal dignity under the reign of Chlotar II.
After Chlotar's death, King Dagobert I took control of the Frankish Empire and passed over his half-brother Charibert II, who was described as simple-minded in the usual division of the estate. As Fredegar reports, under pressure from Neustrian nobles around Charibert's uncle Brodulf, the king was forced to give his half-brother the sub-kingdom in Aquitaine.[3] In order to prevent the enforcement of Neustrian particular interests in the Frankish Empire in the future, Dagobert decided to have his influential uncle eliminated. In 630 Brodulf, who was on his way to Aquitaine, was murdered jointly by Amalgar, the Dux Arnebert and the Patricius Willibad at the instigation of the Frankish king during a stay in Saint-Jean-de-Losne in Burgundy.[4]
After this act, Amalgar was one of the closest Burgundian confidants of Dagobert I and was entrusted with important tasks by the king. In 631 he led a Frankish army to the Visigoths on the Iberian Peninsula to support the Sisenand uprising against King Suinthila. In 637 Amalgar was appointed head of the Burgundian army, which was called up by Dagobert I to suppress a Basque revolt.[citation needed]
After the death of Dagobert I, Amalgar played a central role in the inner-Burgundian power struggle for the underage King Clovis II.[citation needed] He supported a Burgundian faction fighting against that of Willibald, who had previously aided him in the murder of Brodulf. At the gates of Autun there was a decisive battle in September 642 in the dispute for power in the Frankish part of Burgundy, which came to an end with the death of Willibad.[5]
Legacy
[edit]Amalgar was married to Aquilina,[6] the daughter of Waldelenus, a duke from Upper Burgundy. With this connection, the two most powerful families of Burgundy united - in particular the side of the Waldelenus rose over the course of the following two centuries as a clan of the Waltriche to one of the most influential families in the Frankish Empire.
From the marriage came the two sons: Adalrich, who succeeded his father as duke, and Waldelenus, who was taught in the Luxeuil abbey of Columbanus and then worked as abbot of the family monastery of Saint-Pierre, as well as the daughter Adalsind, who became an abbess in Brégille.[7]
The grandson of Amalgar, Adalrich's son Eticho, was a duke in Alsace, father of St. Odilia[8] and ancestor of the noble family, the Etichonids, to which later dynasties, for example the Habsburgs, trace their origin.
Like many Christians at the time, Amalgar was convinced that public penance would allow all sins to be forgiven. Therefore, he founded the Saint-Pierre monastery immediately after Brodulf's murder. Later on, he would also found the Bregille abbey. Both would be richly endowed with lands around Burgundy.
References
[edit]- ^ Gregory of Tours. Decem libri historiarum. Vol. 9.
- ^ Collins, Roger. The Fredegar Chronicles (unpublished English version of my Die Fredegar Chroniken).
- ^ Deutsch, Lorànt (2013). Metronome : a history of Paris from the underground up. Emmanuel Haymann (First U.S. ed.). New York. ISBN 978-1-250-02367-4. OCLC 857663739.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "Notice sur Grégoire de Tours par François Guizot". remacle.org. Retrieved 2022-04-05.
- ^ Wallace-Hadrill, J. M. (1959-03-01). "The bloodfeud of the Franks". Bulletin of the John Rylands Library. 41 (2): 459–487. doi:10.7227/BJRL.41.2.10. ISSN 2054-9318.
- ^ "Family tree of Amalgar de DIJON". Geneanet. Retrieved 2022-04-05.
- ^ Genève, Société d'Histoire et d'archéologie de (1961). Memoires et Documents (in French). Librairie Droz. ISBN 978-2-600-05015-9.
- ^ "The Life of St Odilia" (PDF). Retrieved April 5, 2022.