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The Weber Church of Zittau inside a hornwork^[2]

Drawing, showing a hornwork, of the fortress Nya Älvsborg in Gothenburg, Sweden from 1811.

A hornwork is an element of the Italian bastion system of fortification. Its face is flanked with a pair of half-bastions. It is distinguished from a crownwork, because crownworks contain full bastions at their centers. They are both outworks.

References

^ From Cyclopaedia
^ Europaeum Theatrum, Volume 5, plate 12. Published in 1651 in Frankfurt am Main.

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[1] From Cyclopaedia

[2] Europaeum Theatrum, Volume 5, plate 12. Published in 1651 in Frankfurt am Main.

[1]

[2]

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+{{Short description|Fortification element}}
-[[Image:Table of Fortification, Cyclopaedia, Volume 1.jpg|thumb|left|Feature 'f' is a hornwork. From ''[[Cyclopaedia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences|Cyclopaedia]]''.]]
+[[Image:Table of Fortification, Cyclopaedia, Volume 1.jpg|thumb|left|Feature 'f' is a hornwork<ref>From ''[[Cyclopædia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences|Cyclopaedia]]''</ref>]]
-[[File:Hoornwerk.png|thumb|right|hornwork]]
-[[File:Hornwerk.png|thumb|The [[Weber Church]] of [[Zittau]] inside a hornwork ([[Europaeum Theatrum]], Volume 5, Plate 12. Published in 1651 in [[Frankfurt am Main]]).]]
+[[File:Hoornwerk.png|thumb|right|Hornwork]]
+[[File:Hornwerk.png|thumb|The [[Weber Church]] of [[Zittau]] inside a hornwork<ref>''[[Europaeum Theatrum]]'', Volume 5, plate 12. Published in 1651 in [[Frankfurt am Main]].</ref>]]
+[[File:NyaAlvsborg1811.jpg|alt=Drawing, showing a hornwork, of the fortress Nya Älvsborg in Gothenburg, Sweden from 1811.|thumb|Drawing, showing a hornwork, of the fortress Nya Älvsborg in Gothenburg, Sweden from 1811.]]
-A '''hornwork''' is an element of the [[trace italienne]] system of [[fortification]].  It consists of a pair of demi-[[bastion]]s with a curtain wall connecting them and with two long sides directed upon the faces of the bastions, or [[ravelin]]s of the inner fortifications, so as to be defended by them.{{sfn|Griffiths|1862|p=[http://books.google.com/books?id=hUJKAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA262#v=onepage&q&f=false 262]}}
+A '''hornwork''' is an element of the Italian bastion system of [[fortification]].  Its face is flanked with a pair of half-[[bastion]]s. It is distinguished from a [[crownwork]], because crownworks contain full bastions at their centers. They are both [[outwork]]s.
-The hornwork was used to extend the fortified area in a particular direction to prevent the enemy occupying an area of high ground or simply strengthen the overall fortifications in the expected direction of attack.{{sfn|Editor|1830|p=[http://books.google.com/books?id=nUvzAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA590#v=onepage&q&f=false 590]}} A [[crownwork]] serves a similar purpose, but unlike a hornwork, it contains full bastion.
-==Notes==
-{{reflist}}
 ==References==
+{{Reflist}}
-{{Commons category|Hornwork}}
-*{{cite book|ref=harv| last=Griffiths |first=Frederick Augustus |year=1862 |title=The artillerist's manual, and British soldier's compendium |edition=9 |publisher=Parker & Son}}
-*{{cite journal|ref=harv|author=Editor|title=A Popular View of Fortification and Gunnery, No. I. 49, No. II. 316, No. III. 586 |journal=The United Service Journal and Naval and Military Magazine |location=London |publisher=Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley |year=1830 |volume=part 1|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=nUvzAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR3#v=onepage&q&f=false}}
 {{Fortifications}}
-[[Category:Fortification (architectural elements)]]
+[[Category:Fortifications]]