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Kaiser Broadcasting merged with [[Chicago]]-based [[Field Communications]] in 1973 as part of a [[joint venture]] between the companies. In 1977, Kaiser sold its interest in the stations to Field for $42.625 million, making Field the sole owner of KBHK.<ref>{{Cite news|id={{ProQuest|1014674421}} |date=January 31, 1977 |title=Station sales rise with curve of air billings |page=23 |work=Broadcasting |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1977/BC-1977-01-31.pdf |access-date=September 26, 2021 |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308042607/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1977/BC-1977-01-31.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Field also retained the headquarters of its broadcast division in San Francisco.{{r|promise}} After Field put its stations up for sale in 1982, KBHK was sold to [[United Television]], a division of [[Chris-Craft Industries]], in 1983.<ref name="promise">{{Cite news |last=Mann |first=Bill |date=July 26, 1983 |title=Sales of KDIA and KBHK hold promise for Bay Area |page=C-6 |work=Oakland Tribune |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/86001289/sales-of-kdia-and-kbhk-hold-promise-for/ |access-date=September 26, 2021 |archive-date=September 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927203749/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/86001289/sales-of-kdia-and-kbhk-hold-promise-for/ |url-status=live }}</ref> United offered $50 million to [[KQED (TV)|KQED]] to switch channel 9 and 44, moving the commercial station to VHF, in 1984; the offer was rejected as too low.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 24, 1985 |title=KQED to study UHF signals |page=B10 |work=San Francisco Examiner |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/86001382/kqed-to-study-uhf-signals/ |access-date=September 26, 2021 |archive-date=September 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927203749/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/86001382/kqed-to-study-uhf-signals/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
Kaiser Broadcasting merged with [[Chicago]]-based [[Field Communications]] in 1973 as part of a [[joint venture]] between the companies. In 1977, Kaiser sold its interest in the stations to Field for $42.625 million, making Field the sole owner of KBHK.<ref>{{Cite news|id={{ProQuest|1014674421}} |date=January 31, 1977 |title=Station sales rise with curve of air billings |page=23 |work=Broadcasting |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1977/BC-1977-01-31.pdf |access-date=September 26, 2021 |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308042607/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1977/BC-1977-01-31.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Field also retained the headquarters of its broadcast division in San Francisco.{{r|promise}} After Field put its stations up for sale in 1982, KBHK was sold to [[United Television]], a division of [[Chris-Craft Industries]], in 1983.<ref name="promise">{{Cite news |last=Mann |first=Bill |date=July 26, 1983 |title=Sales of KDIA and KBHK hold promise for Bay Area |page=C-6 |work=Oakland Tribune |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/86001289/sales-of-kdia-and-kbhk-hold-promise-for/ |access-date=September 26, 2021 |archive-date=September 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927203749/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/86001289/sales-of-kdia-and-kbhk-hold-promise-for/ |url-status=live }}</ref> United offered $50 million to [[KQED (TV)|KQED]] to switch channel 9 and 44, moving the commercial station to VHF, in 1984; the offer was rejected as too low.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 24, 1985 |title=KQED to study UHF signals |page=B10 |work=San Francisco Examiner |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/86001382/kqed-to-study-uhf-signals/ |access-date=September 26, 2021 |archive-date=September 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927203749/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/86001382/kqed-to-study-uhf-signals/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Meteoric Rise, 1987-1993===
By early 1987, KBHK was still an obscure UHF station, showing little if anything other than movies and reruns of decades-old shows. In late 1987, however, it managed to secure the first-run syndication rights to [[Star Trek: the Next Generation]] and [[Friday the 13th: The Series]], which both became ratings juggernauts<ref>https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-11-06-ca-1286-story.html</ref><ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1988/07/05/arts/tv-producers-discover-new-path-to-prime-time.html</ref>. This persuaded KBHK to pursue more syndicated shows. [[War of the Worlds (1988 TV series)|War of the Worlds]] was added to KBHK's lineup upon its launch in 1988, and [[The Arsenio Hall Show]] in 1989. Arsenio Hall became another major hit<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1993/01/15/local-stations-not-eager-for-letterman/8e87048b-1694-412e-8e6d-b32b95e73d11/</ref>.

By the fall of 1989, however, these were still KBHK's only noteworthy evening shows. The rest of its evening lineup consisted of reruns of [[Growing Pains]], [[Happy Days]], [[Family Ties]], [[Night Court]], one of the two Twilight Zones that had been made by then, the original [[Star Trek: The Original Series|Star Trek]], and movies. Children's programming was being pursued much more aggressively, and reruns of decades-old cartoons like [[The Jetsons]], [[Bugs Bunny]], and [[Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!|Scooby-Doo]] were phased out in favor of newer first-run syndicated cartoons like [[Paddington Bear (TV series)|Paddington Bear]], [[Fantastic Max]], [[C.O.P.S.]], [[Maxie's World]], [[Denver, the Last Dinosaur]], [[The Real Ghostbusters]], and [[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles]]<ref>https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=SRPD19891001.1.127</ref>.

When [[the Disney Afternoon]] launched in 1990, KBHK picked it up. When [[Baywatch]] was canceled by NBC in 1990, and revived as a first-run syndicated show in '91, KBHK picked it up, and it became another ratings winner, setting the world record for largest number of weekly viewers<ref>https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/66933-largest-tv-audience-series</ref>. Over the next few years, the children's programming pursued by KBHK became increasingly action/adventure-oriented. By March of 1992, [[G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero (1989 TV series)|GI Joe]] and [[The New Adventures of He-Man|He-Man]] were brought back from the grave and added to the weekday morning lineup, along with the newer [[James Bond Jr.]], while the Sunday morning lineup was being filled out by shows like [[Bucky O'Hare]], and [[Toxic Crusaders]].


[[File:650 California Street 02.jpg|upright=0.6|thumb|KBHK was located at [[650 California Street]] from 1992 to 2001.|alt=Refer to caption]]
[[File:650 California Street 02.jpg|upright=0.6|thumb|KBHK was located at [[650 California Street]] from 1992 to 2001.|alt=Refer to caption]]
After nearly 25 years at 420 Taylor Street, KBHK moved to [[650 California Street]] in 1992.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Calandra |first=Thom |date=August 16, 1992 |title=It's an office renter's market |pages=E-1, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/86016743/its-an-office-renters-market/ E-6] |work=San Francisco Examiner |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/86016779/its-an-office-renters-market/ |access-date=September 26, 2021 |archive-date=September 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927203753/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/86016779/its-an-office-renters-market/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The station had been looking to move out for some time; in 1988, it had reached a deal with KQED to purchase its former studios when it relocated,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Watson |first=Lloyd |date=October 28, 1988 |title=KQED Finds a New Home, Three Times Bigger |page=C3 |work=San Francisco Chronicle}}</ref> but it changed its mind and opted to default on the purchase.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Caen |first=Herb |date=November 26, 1991 |title=The Rambling Wreck |page=D1 |work=San Francisco Chronicle}}</ref>
After nearly 25 years at 420 Taylor Street, KBHK moved to [[650 California Street]] in 1992.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Calandra |first=Thom |date=August 16, 1992 |title=It's an office renter's market |pages=E-1, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/86016743/its-an-office-renters-market/ E-6] |work=San Francisco Examiner |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/86016779/its-an-office-renters-market/ |access-date=September 26, 2021 |archive-date=September 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927203753/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/86016779/its-an-office-renters-market/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The station had been looking to move out for some time; in 1988, it had reached a deal with KQED to purchase its former studios when it relocated,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Watson |first=Lloyd |date=October 28, 1988 |title=KQED Finds a New Home, Three Times Bigger |page=C3 |work=San Francisco Chronicle}}</ref> but it changed its mind and opted to default on the purchase.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Caen |first=Herb |date=November 26, 1991 |title=The Rambling Wreck |page=D1 |work=San Francisco Chronicle}}</ref>


===As a UPN affiliate===
===As a PTEN and UPN affiliate (1993-2006)===
In 1993, Chris-Craft/United Television partnered with Warner to launch [[Prime Time Entertainment Network|PTEN]], with KBHK as its Bay Area affiliate. PTEN's two shows, [[Babylon 5]] and [[Kung Fu: The Legend Continues]], aired on Wednesday nights. This did not slow down the station's aggressive pursuit of first-run syndicated programming, and it continued to acquire sci-fi and action-adventure shows like [[Star Trek: Deep Space Nine]], [[Thunder in Paradise]], and [[RoboCop (live action TV series)|Robocop: the Series]] for adults, and [[Conan the Adventurer]], [[The Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog]], [[Double Dragon (TV series)|Double Dragon]], [[King Arthur and the Knights of Justice]], and [[Mutant League]] for kids. Cartoons based on robots and/or mech suits, such as [[The Bots Master]], [[ExoSquad]], [[Transformers: Generation Two]], and [[BattleTech: The Animated Series|Battletech]], were an especially conspicuous focus. Noticing the enormous success of [[X-Men: The Animated Series|X-Men]]<ref>https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/x-men-animated-series-story-90s-cartoon-hit-1052263/</ref> on the [[Fox Kids]] block, KBHK also beat [[KTVU]], the Bay Area's Fox affiliate, to the rights to air [[Iron Man (TV series)|Iron Man]] and [[Fantastic Four (1994 TV series)|Fantastic Four]].
In 1993, Chris-Craft/United Television partnered with [[Paramount Pictures]] (which would merge with [[Viacom (1952–2005)|Viacom]] in 1994) to launch the United Paramount Network ([[UPN]]), with the United Television independent stations becoming charter outlets of the network when it launched on January 16, 1995.<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 27, 1993 |title=Paramount Plans to Begin Fifth TV Network in 1995 |page=A1 |work=San Francisco Chronicle}}</ref>

In January 1995, Chris-Craft abandoned PTEN, and instead partnered with [[Paramount Pictures|Paramount]]-[[Viacom (1952–2006)|Viacom]] to launch the United Paramount Network ([[UPN]]); KBHK then became an affiliate of UPN.<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 27, 1993 |title=Paramount Plans to Begin Fifth TV Network in 1995 |page=A1 |work=San Francisco Chronicle}}</ref>. UPN brought many times more new shows than PTEN did, reducing the station's need to acquire more syndicated programming. After KBHK had been affiliated with both networks for two years, PTEN finally imploded in 1997, and KBHK was exclusively affiliated with UPN.


In 2000, Viacom bought Chris-Craft's 50% ownership interest in UPN (which Chris-Craft had wholly owned, until Viacom acquired a stake in the network in 1996). On August 12 of that year, Chris-Craft sold its UPN stations to the [[Fox Television Stations]] subsidiary of [[News Corporation]] for $5.5 billion;<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hofmeister |first=Sallie |date=August 12, 2000 |title=News Corp. to Buy Chris-Craft Parent for $5.5 Billion, Outbidding Viacom |work=Los Angeles Times |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2000/aug/12/business/fi-3272 |access-date=March 23, 2011 |archive-date=October 4, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004232639/http://articles.latimes.com/2000/aug/12/business/fi-3272 |url-status=live }}</ref> the deal was finalized on July 31, 2001. The deal created immediate ownership cap problems for Fox, which sought to have duopolies in markets where it already owned Fox stations; further, Fox could not convert KBHK to the Fox network because KTVU had a long-term affiliation agreement.<ref name="swap">{{Cite news |last=Trigoboff |first=Dan |date=August 13, 2001 |title=Fox swaps for a pair of duops |page=9 |work=Broadcasting & Cable |id={{Gale|A77287508}} |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-2001/BC-2001-08-13.pdf |access-date=September 26, 2021 |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308034433/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-2001/BC-2001-08-13.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Similarly, Viacom, which had purchased CBS and KPIX a year earlier, wanted to have duopolies in more markets.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=McConnell |first1=Bill |last2=Ault |first2=Susanne |date=July 30, 2001 |title=Fox TV's 'triopoly' strategy |pages=5, 6 |work=Broadcasting & Cable |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-2001/BC-2001-07-30.pdf |access-date=September 26, 2021 |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308023450/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-2001/BC-2001-07-30.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> As a result, Fox traded KBHK-TV to Viacom in exchange for [[KTXH]] in [[Houston]] and [[WDCA]] in [[Washington, D.C.]], which gave Fox duopolies in those markets.{{r|swap}} The FCC approved the deal in August 2001 on the condition that Viacom sell one of its San Francisco radio stations.<ref>{{Cite news |last=McConnell |first=Bill |date=October 26, 2001 |title=FCC clears Fox, Viacom trade |work=Broadcasting & Cable |url=https://www.nexttv.com/news/fcc-clears-fox-viacom-trade-90127 |access-date=September 26, 2021 |archive-date=September 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927203801/https://www.nexttv.com/news/fcc-clears-fox-viacom-trade-90127 |url-status=live }}</ref> After the sale was consummated, KBHK moved from California Street to Grey Rock, the KPIX studios on Battery Street.{{r|qtube}}
In 2000, Viacom bought Chris-Craft's 50% ownership interest in UPN (which Chris-Craft had wholly owned, until Viacom acquired a stake in the network in 1996). On August 12 of that year, Chris-Craft sold its UPN stations to the [[Fox Television Stations]] subsidiary of [[News Corporation]] for $5.5 billion;<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hofmeister |first=Sallie |date=August 12, 2000 |title=News Corp. to Buy Chris-Craft Parent for $5.5 Billion, Outbidding Viacom |work=Los Angeles Times |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2000/aug/12/business/fi-3272 |access-date=March 23, 2011 |archive-date=October 4, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004232639/http://articles.latimes.com/2000/aug/12/business/fi-3272 |url-status=live }}</ref> the deal was finalized on July 31, 2001. The deal created immediate ownership cap problems for Fox, which sought to have duopolies in markets where it already owned Fox stations; further, Fox could not convert KBHK to the Fox network because KTVU had a long-term affiliation agreement.<ref name="swap">{{Cite news |last=Trigoboff |first=Dan |date=August 13, 2001 |title=Fox swaps for a pair of duops |page=9 |work=Broadcasting & Cable |id={{Gale|A77287508}} |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-2001/BC-2001-08-13.pdf |access-date=September 26, 2021 |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308034433/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-2001/BC-2001-08-13.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Similarly, Viacom, which had purchased CBS and KPIX a year earlier, wanted to have duopolies in more markets.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=McConnell |first1=Bill |last2=Ault |first2=Susanne |date=July 30, 2001 |title=Fox TV's 'triopoly' strategy |pages=5, 6 |work=Broadcasting & Cable |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-2001/BC-2001-07-30.pdf |access-date=September 26, 2021 |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308023450/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-2001/BC-2001-07-30.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> As a result, Fox traded KBHK-TV to Viacom in exchange for [[KTXH]] in [[Houston]] and [[WDCA]] in [[Washington, D.C.]], which gave Fox duopolies in those markets.{{r|swap}} The FCC approved the deal in August 2001 on the condition that Viacom sell one of its San Francisco radio stations.<ref>{{Cite news |last=McConnell |first=Bill |date=October 26, 2001 |title=FCC clears Fox, Viacom trade |work=Broadcasting & Cable |url=https://www.nexttv.com/news/fcc-clears-fox-viacom-trade-90127 |access-date=September 26, 2021 |archive-date=September 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927203801/https://www.nexttv.com/news/fcc-clears-fox-viacom-trade-90127 |url-status=live }}</ref> After the sale was consummated, KBHK moved from California Street to Grey Rock, the KPIX studios on Battery Street.{{r|qtube}}


===As a CW affiliate===
===As a CW affiliate (2006-2023)===
[[File:KBCW logo.svg|thumb|right|2013-2023 logo as KBCW]]
[[File:KBCW logo.svg|thumb|right|2013-2023 logo as KBCW]]
On January 24, 2006, the Warner Bros. unit of [[WarnerMedia|Time Warner]] and [[CBS Corporation]] (which had been created as a result of the split of Viacom on December 31, 2005) announced that the two companies would shut down [[The WB]] and UPN and combine the networks' respective programming to create a new "fifth" network called [[The CW]]; the day of the announcement, it was revealed that 11 of CBS Corporation's 15 UPN affiliates, including KBHK, would become CW stations.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seid |first=Jessica |date=January 24, 2006 |title='Gilmore Girls' meet 'Smackdown'; CW Network to combine WB, UPN in CBS-Warner venture beginning in September |url=https://money.cnn.com/2006/01/24/news/companies/cbs_warner/ |website=[[CNN Money]] |publisher=CNN |access-date=August 3, 2020 |archive-date=March 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316043531/http://money.cnn.com/2006/01/24/news/companies/cbs_warner/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Carter |first=Bill |date=January 24, 2006 |title=UPN and WB to Combine, Forming New TV Network |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/24/business/media/24cnd-network.html?bl |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=February 22, 2017 |archive-date=October 17, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017035638/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/24/business/media/24cnd-network.html?bl |url-status=live }}</ref> To reflect the new affiliation, the call letters were changed from KBHK to KBCW on July 1, 2006.<ref name="qtube">{{Cite news |last=Mann |first=Bill |date=June 25, 2006 |title=Q Tube |work=The Press Democrat |id={{ProQuest|282279915}} |via=ProQuest}}</ref>
On January 24, 2006, the Warner Bros. unit of [[WarnerMedia|Time Warner]] and [[CBS Corporation]] (which had been created as a result of the split of Viacom on December 31, 2005) announced that the two companies would shut down [[The WB]] and UPN and combine the networks' respective programming to create a new "fifth" network called [[The CW]]; the day of the announcement, it was revealed that 11 of CBS Corporation's 15 UPN affiliates, including KBHK, would become CW stations.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seid |first=Jessica |date=January 24, 2006 |title='Gilmore Girls' meet 'Smackdown'; CW Network to combine WB, UPN in CBS-Warner venture beginning in September |url=https://money.cnn.com/2006/01/24/news/companies/cbs_warner/ |website=[[CNN Money]] |publisher=CNN |access-date=August 3, 2020 |archive-date=March 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316043531/http://money.cnn.com/2006/01/24/news/companies/cbs_warner/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Carter |first=Bill |date=January 24, 2006 |title=UPN and WB to Combine, Forming New TV Network |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/24/business/media/24cnd-network.html?bl |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=February 22, 2017 |archive-date=October 17, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017035638/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/24/business/media/24cnd-network.html?bl |url-status=live }}</ref> To reflect the new affiliation, the call letters were changed from KBHK to KBCW on July 1, 2006.<ref name="qtube">{{Cite news |last=Mann |first=Bill |date=June 25, 2006 |title=Q Tube |work=The Press Democrat |id={{ProQuest|282279915}} |via=ProQuest}}</ref>
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On December 4, 2019, CBS Corporation and [[Viacom (2005–2019)|Viacom]] remerged into ViacomCBS (now [[Paramount Global]]).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Weprin |first=Alex |date=December 4, 2019 |title=Bob Bakish's Memo to ViacomCBS Staff: Merger "a Historic Moment" |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/bob-bakishs-memo-viacomcbs-staff-merger-a-historic-moment-1259584 |access-date=April 7, 2020 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en |archive-date=April 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406033606/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/bob-bakishs-memo-viacomcbs-staff-merger-a-historic-moment-1259584 |url-status=live }}</ref>
On December 4, 2019, CBS Corporation and [[Viacom (2005–2019)|Viacom]] remerged into ViacomCBS (now [[Paramount Global]]).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Weprin |first=Alex |date=December 4, 2019 |title=Bob Bakish's Memo to ViacomCBS Staff: Merger "a Historic Moment" |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/bob-bakishs-memo-viacomcbs-staff-merger-a-historic-moment-1259584 |access-date=April 7, 2020 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en |archive-date=April 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406033606/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/bob-bakishs-memo-viacomcbs-staff-merger-a-historic-moment-1259584 |url-status=live }}</ref>


===Return to independence===
===CBS affiliation (2023-present)===
[[Nexstar Media Group]] acquired majority ownership of The CW on October 3, 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hayes |first=Dade |date=October 3, 2022 |title=New Day Dawns For Broadcast TV As Nexstar Closes Deal For Control Of The CW |url=https://deadline.com/2022/10/nexstar-closes-deal-for-control-of-the-cw-mark-pedowitz-exits-top-job-1235133428/ |access-date=January 17, 2023 |website=Deadline |language=en-US |archive-date=October 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014023432/https://deadline.com/2022/10/nexstar-closes-deal-for-control-of-the-cw-mark-pedowitz-exits-top-job-1235133428/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Under the agreement, CBS was given the right to pull its affiliations from KBCW and its seven other CW stations. CBS announced it would exercise that right on May 5, 2023, disaffiliating KBCW from the network at the end of August and returning the station to independent status, instigating a series of network affiliation changes nationwide.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://deadline.com/2023/05/cbs-stations-eight-drop-cw-go-independent-this-fall-1235357388/|work=[[Deadline Hollywood|Deadline]]|date=May 5, 2023|access-date=May 5, 2023|title=Eight CBS Stations To Ditch CW And Go Independent This Fall}}</ref> The CW affiliation was moved to [[KRON-TV]], itself owned by Nexstar.<ref name="sfc-kroncw">{{cite news |last1=Vaziri |first1=Aidin |title=Major change is coming to this beloved Bay Area TV station |url=https://datebook.sfchronicle.com/movies-tv/kron-the-cw-network-affiliate-san-francisco-18154946 |access-date=June 29, 2023 |work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]] |date=June 15, 2023}}</ref>
[[Nexstar Media Group]] acquired majority ownership of The CW on October 3, 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hayes |first=Dade |date=October 3, 2022 |title=New Day Dawns For Broadcast TV As Nexstar Closes Deal For Control Of The CW |url=https://deadline.com/2022/10/nexstar-closes-deal-for-control-of-the-cw-mark-pedowitz-exits-top-job-1235133428/ |access-date=January 17, 2023 |website=Deadline |language=en-US |archive-date=October 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014023432/https://deadline.com/2022/10/nexstar-closes-deal-for-control-of-the-cw-mark-pedowitz-exits-top-job-1235133428/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Under the agreement, CBS was given the right to pull its affiliations from KBCW and its seven other CW stations. CBS announced it would exercise that right on May 5, 2023, disaffiliating KBCW from the network at the end of August and returning the station to independent status, instigating a series of network affiliation changes nationwide.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://deadline.com/2023/05/cbs-stations-eight-drop-cw-go-independent-this-fall-1235357388/|work=[[Deadline Hollywood|Deadline]]|date=May 5, 2023|access-date=May 5, 2023|title=Eight CBS Stations To Ditch CW And Go Independent This Fall}}</ref> The CW affiliation was moved to [[KRON-TV]], itself owned by Nexstar.<ref name="sfc-kroncw">{{cite news |last1=Vaziri |first1=Aidin |title=Major change is coming to this beloved Bay Area TV station |url=https://datebook.sfchronicle.com/movies-tv/kron-the-cw-network-affiliate-san-francisco-18154946 |access-date=June 29, 2023 |work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]] |date=June 15, 2023}}</ref>


Revision as of 01:50, 18 February 2024

KPYX
CitySan Francisco, California
Channels
BrandingKPIX+ 44 Cable 12
Programming
Affiliations
Ownership
Owner
KPIX-TV
History
First air date
January 2, 1968
(56 years ago) (1968-01-02)
Former call signs
  • KBHK-TV (1967–2006)
  • KBCW (2006–2023)
Former channel number(s)
  • Analog: 44 (UHF, 1968–2009)
  • Digital: 45 (UHF, 1998–2020)
  • Independent (1968–1995)
  • UPN (1995–2006)
  • The CW (2006–2023)
Call sign meaning
Brand extension of KPIX
Technical information[1]
Licensing authority
FCC
Facility ID69619
ERP1,000 kW
HAAT490.3 m (1,609 ft)
Transmitter coordinates37°45′19″N 122°27′10″W / 37.75528°N 122.45278°W / 37.75528; -122.45278 (KPYX)
Links
Public license information
Websitewww.cbsnews.com/sanfrancisco/kpixplus/

KPYX (channel 44), branded KPIX+, is an independent television station licensed to San Francisco, California, United States, serving the San Francisco Bay Area. It is owned by the CBS News and Stations group alongside KPIX-TV (channel 5), the market's CBS owned-and-operated station. The two stations share studios at Broadway and Battery Street, just north of San Francisco's Financial District; KPYX's transmitter is located atop Sutro Tower.

As KBHK, channel 44 was one of the UHF stations built by Kaiser Broadcasting and one of just two commercial UHF stations in the Bay Area to survive a boom-and-bust cycle of new stations in the late 1960s and early 1970s. It was acquired by United Television in 1982 and was one of the launch owned-and-operated stations for the United Paramount Network in 1995. The station has been under its present ownership since 2001 and, as KBCW, was part of The CW from its 2006 launch until 2023, when CBS withdrew its eight affiliates from the network after selling its ownership stake to Nexstar Media Group. Together with a call sign change to KPYX, the station launched prime time and morning local news after leaving The CW.

History

Kaiser, Field, and Chris-Craft ownership

On November 14, 1962, Kaiser Broadcasting, a division of Oakland-based Kaiser Industries and owner of San Francisco radio station KFOG (104.5 FM), obtained a construction permit to build channel 44 in San Francisco.[2] Before the construction permit bore the call letters KBHK, it was originally KFOG-TV and then KHJK-TV, in honor of Kaiser Industries founder Henry J. Kaiser.[3]

KBHK-TV debuted January 2, 1968.[4] It had been intended that Kaiser sign on two stations at once, with WKBF-TV in Cleveland also planned to launch the same day (weather delays in Cleveland pushed back its launch). Channel 44's flagship local program was Tonight in San Francisco.[5] The studios at 420 Taylor Street had a broadcasting heritage that predated channel 44 by decades; the facility was built for NBC and its San Francisco station, KPO/KNBC/KNBR, and was also used for a time by KGO. KGO moved to new radio and television quarters in the 1950s and KNBR to Fox Plaza in 1967, leaving the facility vacant.[6]

With channel 44, Kaiser became the latest broadcaster to enter what was then a crowded, meager existence on the UHF dial in the Bay Area. By 1968, three other UHF stations operated in San Francisco itself alongside one in San Jose (KGSC) and one educational outlet in San Mateo, the underpowered KCSM-TV. In 1966, Concord's KCFT-TV channel 42 had existed for all of seven months. With signals that were often hindered by the region's hilly terrain, ratings were low, and all but children and sports fans were hard gets for the stations. KBHK-TV was no exception; three live entertainment programs had failed by 1969, as had a live 10 p.m. newscast,[7] but ratings were increasing.[8] However, as channels 20, 32 and 38 all sank under the weight of financial losses, it was Kaiser's station that remained afloat and operating.[9] Originally broadcasting from San Bruno Mountain, KBHK-TV moved to Sutro Tower upon its completion, with the San Bruno mast used to broadcast KDTV on channel 60 when it started in 1975.[10]

Kaiser Broadcasting merged with Chicago-based Field Communications in 1973 as part of a joint venture between the companies. In 1977, Kaiser sold its interest in the stations to Field for $42.625 million, making Field the sole owner of KBHK.[11] Field also retained the headquarters of its broadcast division in San Francisco.[12] After Field put its stations up for sale in 1982, KBHK was sold to United Television, a division of Chris-Craft Industries, in 1983.[12] United offered $50 million to KQED to switch channel 9 and 44, moving the commercial station to VHF, in 1984; the offer was rejected as too low.[13]

Meteoric Rise, 1987-1993

By early 1987, KBHK was still an obscure UHF station, showing little if anything other than movies and reruns of decades-old shows. In late 1987, however, it managed to secure the first-run syndication rights to Star Trek: the Next Generation and Friday the 13th: The Series, which both became ratings juggernauts[14][15]. This persuaded KBHK to pursue more syndicated shows. War of the Worlds was added to KBHK's lineup upon its launch in 1988, and The Arsenio Hall Show in 1989. Arsenio Hall became another major hit[16].

By the fall of 1989, however, these were still KBHK's only noteworthy evening shows. The rest of its evening lineup consisted of reruns of Growing Pains, Happy Days, Family Ties, Night Court, one of the two Twilight Zones that had been made by then, the original Star Trek, and movies. Children's programming was being pursued much more aggressively, and reruns of decades-old cartoons like The Jetsons, Bugs Bunny, and Scooby-Doo were phased out in favor of newer first-run syndicated cartoons like Paddington Bear, Fantastic Max, C.O.P.S., Maxie's World, Denver, the Last Dinosaur, The Real Ghostbusters, and Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles[17].

When the Disney Afternoon launched in 1990, KBHK picked it up. When Baywatch was canceled by NBC in 1990, and revived as a first-run syndicated show in '91, KBHK picked it up, and it became another ratings winner, setting the world record for largest number of weekly viewers[18]. Over the next few years, the children's programming pursued by KBHK became increasingly action/adventure-oriented. By March of 1992, GI Joe and He-Man were brought back from the grave and added to the weekday morning lineup, along with the newer James Bond Jr., while the Sunday morning lineup was being filled out by shows like Bucky O'Hare, and Toxic Crusaders.

Refer to caption
KBHK was located at 650 California Street from 1992 to 2001.

After nearly 25 years at 420 Taylor Street, KBHK moved to 650 California Street in 1992.[19] The station had been looking to move out for some time; in 1988, it had reached a deal with KQED to purchase its former studios when it relocated,[20] but it changed its mind and opted to default on the purchase.[21]

As a PTEN and UPN affiliate (1993-2006)

In 1993, Chris-Craft/United Television partnered with Warner to launch PTEN, with KBHK as its Bay Area affiliate. PTEN's two shows, Babylon 5 and Kung Fu: The Legend Continues, aired on Wednesday nights. This did not slow down the station's aggressive pursuit of first-run syndicated programming, and it continued to acquire sci-fi and action-adventure shows like Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, Thunder in Paradise, and Robocop: the Series for adults, and Conan the Adventurer, The Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog, Double Dragon, King Arthur and the Knights of Justice, and Mutant League for kids. Cartoons based on robots and/or mech suits, such as The Bots Master, ExoSquad, Transformers: Generation Two, and Battletech, were an especially conspicuous focus. Noticing the enormous success of X-Men[22] on the Fox Kids block, KBHK also beat KTVU, the Bay Area's Fox affiliate, to the rights to air Iron Man and Fantastic Four.

In January 1995, Chris-Craft abandoned PTEN, and instead partnered with Paramount-Viacom to launch the United Paramount Network (UPN); KBHK then became an affiliate of UPN.[23]. UPN brought many times more new shows than PTEN did, reducing the station's need to acquire more syndicated programming. After KBHK had been affiliated with both networks for two years, PTEN finally imploded in 1997, and KBHK was exclusively affiliated with UPN.

In 2000, Viacom bought Chris-Craft's 50% ownership interest in UPN (which Chris-Craft had wholly owned, until Viacom acquired a stake in the network in 1996). On August 12 of that year, Chris-Craft sold its UPN stations to the Fox Television Stations subsidiary of News Corporation for $5.5 billion;[24] the deal was finalized on July 31, 2001. The deal created immediate ownership cap problems for Fox, which sought to have duopolies in markets where it already owned Fox stations; further, Fox could not convert KBHK to the Fox network because KTVU had a long-term affiliation agreement.[25] Similarly, Viacom, which had purchased CBS and KPIX a year earlier, wanted to have duopolies in more markets.[26] As a result, Fox traded KBHK-TV to Viacom in exchange for KTXH in Houston and WDCA in Washington, D.C., which gave Fox duopolies in those markets.[25] The FCC approved the deal in August 2001 on the condition that Viacom sell one of its San Francisco radio stations.[27] After the sale was consummated, KBHK moved from California Street to Grey Rock, the KPIX studios on Battery Street.[28]

As a CW affiliate (2006-2023)

2013-2023 logo as KBCW

On January 24, 2006, the Warner Bros. unit of Time Warner and CBS Corporation (which had been created as a result of the split of Viacom on December 31, 2005) announced that the two companies would shut down The WB and UPN and combine the networks' respective programming to create a new "fifth" network called The CW; the day of the announcement, it was revealed that 11 of CBS Corporation's 15 UPN affiliates, including KBHK, would become CW stations.[29][30] To reflect the new affiliation, the call letters were changed from KBHK to KBCW on July 1, 2006.[28]

On December 4, 2019, CBS Corporation and Viacom remerged into ViacomCBS (now Paramount Global).[31]

CBS affiliation (2023-present)

Nexstar Media Group acquired majority ownership of The CW on October 3, 2022.[32] Under the agreement, CBS was given the right to pull its affiliations from KBCW and its seven other CW stations. CBS announced it would exercise that right on May 5, 2023, disaffiliating KBCW from the network at the end of August and returning the station to independent status, instigating a series of network affiliation changes nationwide.[33] The CW affiliation was moved to KRON-TV, itself owned by Nexstar.[34]

On July 18, 2023, CBS News and Stations filed a request to change KBCW's call letters to KPYX as of September 1, 2023.[35] The new call sign serves as a brand extension of KPIX-TV, with KPYX concurrently rebranded as "KPIX+".[36]

Local programming

Sports

When channel 44 launched, it was the home of the Golden State Warriors and Oakland Athletics.[5][37] The A's aired on KBHK from 1968 to 1972[38] and again from 1982 to 1984,[39][40] while the Warriors broadcast on channel 44 from 1968 to and again from 1981 to 1984.[41][42] The station also aired three televised games in the last season of the National Hockey League's California Golden Seals in 1976,[43] preseason games from the NFL's San Francisco 49ers in 1973,[44] and the United States Football League's Oakland Invaders.[45] More recently, in 2022, the station aired Bay Area Panthers indoor football home games.[46]

Newscasts

Main article: KPIX-TV § News operation

KBHK briefly produced a nightly newscast in the late 1960s, which was canceled due to low ratings.[7]

On March 3, 2008, KPIX began producing a nightly half-hour prime time newscast at 10:00 p.m. for KBCW; this program competed against KTVU's longer-established, hour-long newscast.[47] In July 2014, the weeknight newscasts were renamed Bay Area Nightbeat. While the newscast came to an end on December 6, 2019, the station provided an hour of CBSN Bay Area weeknights at 10 until cancelling it in June 2020. In January 2012, KPIX-TV started a short-lived hour-long extension of its weekend morning newscast for KBCW airing on Sundays at 8:30 a.m., which ended in 2015.[48]

A 10:00 p.m. newscast was reintroduced in July 2022 as part of the launch of the CBS News Now format.[49] Coinciding with the relaunch as an independent station in 2023, this was replaced with primetime news at 8 and 9 p.m., and the station launched a morning newscast from 7 to 9 a.m.[50]

Technical information

Subchannels

The station's signal is multiplexed:

Subchannels of KPYX[51]
Channel Res. Aspect Short name Programming
44.1 1080i 16:9 KPYX-DT Main KPYX programming
44.2 480i TBD TBD
44.3 MeTV MeTV
44.4 Nest The Nest
44.5 QVC 2 QVC2
4.3 480i 16:9 Rewind Rewind TV (KRON-DT3)
4.4 CHARGE! Charge! (KRON-DT4)
  Broadcast on behalf of another station

Analog-to-digital conversion

KBHK-DT began broadcasting on channel 45 on April 15, 1999.[52] KBCW shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 44, on June 12, 2009, as part of the federally mandated transition from analog to digital television.[53]

In 2019, KBCW relocated to digital channel 28 as part of the FCC's spectrum reallocation.[51]

References

  1. ^ "Facility Technical Data for KPYX". Licensing and Management System. Federal Communications Commission.
  2. ^ FCC History Cards for KBCW
  3. ^ Newton, Dwight (March 13, 1966). "Kaiser TV On the Way". San Francisco Examiner. p. II:5. Archived from the original on September 27, 2021. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
  4. ^ Newton, Dwight (January 2, 1968). "Channel 44 Opens Today". San Francisco Examiner. p. 55. Archived from the original on September 27, 2021. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
  5. ^ a b Newton, Dwight (October 16, 1967). "New KBHK Warms Up". San Francisco Examiner. p. 19. Archived from the original on September 27, 2021. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
  6. ^ Newton, Dwight (December 6, 1967). "New Life at 420 Taylor". San Francisco Examiner. p. 75. Archived from the original on September 27, 2021. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
  7. ^ a b Newton, Dwight (April 27, 1969). "Year of failure for high-number television". San Francisco Examiner. p. B5. Archived from the original on September 27, 2021. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
  8. ^ Newton, Dwight (May 8, 1969). "The Year of The Brochure". San Francisco Examiner. p. 37. Archived from the original on September 27, 2021. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
  9. ^ Newton, Dwight (March 16, 1972). "A Reborning At KEMO-TV". San Francisco Examiner. p. 19. Archived from the original on September 27, 2021. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
  10. ^ Newton, Dwight (August 10, 1975). "Spanish station: TViva!!". San Francisco Sunday Examiner and Chronicle. p. C10. Archived from the original on September 27, 2021. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
  11. ^ "Station sales rise with curve of air billings" (PDF). Broadcasting. January 31, 1977. p. 23. ProQuest 1014674421. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
  12. ^ a b Mann, Bill (July 26, 1983). "Sales of KDIA and KBHK hold promise for Bay Area". Oakland Tribune. p. C-6. Archived from the original on September 27, 2021. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
  13. ^ "KQED to study UHF signals". San Francisco Examiner. May 24, 1985. p. B10. Archived from the original on September 27, 2021. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
  14. ^ https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-11-06-ca-1286-story.html
  15. ^ https://www.nytimes.com/1988/07/05/arts/tv-producers-discover-new-path-to-prime-time.html
  16. ^ https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1993/01/15/local-stations-not-eager-for-letterman/8e87048b-1694-412e-8e6d-b32b95e73d11/
  17. ^ https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=SRPD19891001.1.127
  18. ^ https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/66933-largest-tv-audience-series
  19. ^ Calandra, Thom (August 16, 1992). "It's an office renter's market". San Francisco Examiner. pp. E-1, E-6. Archived from the original on September 27, 2021. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
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  21. ^ Caen, Herb (November 26, 1991). "The Rambling Wreck". San Francisco Chronicle. p. D1.
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  23. ^ "Paramount Plans to Begin Fifth TV Network in 1995". San Francisco Chronicle. October 27, 1993. p. A1.
  24. ^ Hofmeister, Sallie (August 12, 2000). "News Corp. to Buy Chris-Craft Parent for $5.5 Billion, Outbidding Viacom". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 4, 2013. Retrieved March 23, 2011.
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  32. ^ Hayes, Dade (October 3, 2022). "New Day Dawns For Broadcast TV As Nexstar Closes Deal For Control Of The CW". Deadline. Archived from the original on October 14, 2022. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
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  35. ^ "Form 380 - Change Request". Federal Communications Commission. July 18, 2023. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
  36. ^ Nelson, Mike (August 30, 2023). "CBS to transition eight company-owned stations from affiliates of The CW to independents on Friday, Sept. 1" (Press release). CBS News and Stations. Retrieved September 2, 2023.
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  38. ^ Gordon, Frank (March 7, 1973). "Frankly Speaking". The Register. p. 9A. Archived from the original on September 27, 2021. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
  39. ^ Bergman, Ron (March 26, 1982). "Television war brewing". Oakland Tribune. p. F-3. Archived from the original on September 27, 2021. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
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  42. ^ "Hoop happenings". San Francisco Examiner. July 18, 1984. p. F9. Archived from the original on September 26, 2021. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
  43. ^ "Seals on TV". Contra Costa Times. January 14, 1976. p. 27. Archived from the original on September 26, 2021. Retrieved September 25, 2021.
  44. ^ Foster, Bob (August 10, 1973). "49ers Put Channel 44 In the TV Big Time". The Times. p. 20. Archived from the original on September 26, 2021. Retrieved September 24, 2021.
  45. ^ Cooney, Frank (March 18, 1983). "Invaders finally make TV debut". San Francisco Examiner. pp. F1, F3. Archived from the original on September 26, 2021. Retrieved September 25, 2021.
  46. ^ Hahn, Michael (March 21, 2022). "Bay Area Panthers announce broadcast partners for 2022 season". bayareapanthers.com. Archived from the original on July 10, 2022. Retrieved July 10, 2022.
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  48. ^ "KPIX Producing KBCW Sunday Morning News". TVNewsCheck. January 4, 2012. Archived from the original on September 26, 2021. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
  49. ^ Malone, Michael (July 21, 2022). "CBS-Owned Stations Debut Primetime News in Ten Markets". Broadcasting & Cable. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
  50. ^ "CBS To Transition Eight Stations From CW To Independents". TVNewsCheck. August 30, 2023. Retrieved August 31, 2023.
  51. ^ a b "TV Query for KPYX". RabbitEars. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved October 23, 2013.
  52. ^ Bowser, Andrew (August 2, 1999). "Bumpy digital ride for KBHK-DT" (PDF). Broadcasting & Cable. p. 32. Gale A55360973. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
  53. ^ "DTV Tentative Channel Designations for the First and Second Rounds" (PDF). Federal Communications Commission. May 23, 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 29, 2013. Retrieved August 29, 2021.
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