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{{Short description|Dutch artist, art collector and scientist}}
{{Infobox Scientist
{{Infobox scientist
|name = Pierre Lyonnet
|name = Pierre Lyonnet
|box_width =
|image =Lyonnet Pierre 1707-1789.jpg
|image =Lyonnet Pierre 1707-1789.jpg
|image_width =150px
|image_size =220px
|caption = Pierre Lyonnet
|caption = Pierre Lyonnet
|birth_date = [[July 22]], [[1708]]
|birth_date = 21 July 1706
|birth_place = [[Maastricht]]
|birth_place = [[Maastricht]], Netherlands
|death_date = [[The Hague]]
|death_date = {{death-date and age|10 January 1789|21 July 1706}}
|death_place = [[10 October]], [[1789]]
|death_place = [[The Hague]], Netherlands
|residence =
|residence =
|citizenship =
|citizenship =
|nationality =
|nationality =
|ethnicity =
|ethnicity =
|field = [[naturalist]].
|field = [[naturalist]].
|work_institutions =
|work_institutions =
|alma_mater =
|alma_mater =
|doctoral_advisor =
|doctoral_advisor =
|doctoral_students =
|doctoral_students =
|known_for =
|known_for =
|author_abbrev_bot =
|author_abbrev_bot =
|author_abbrev_zoo =
|author_abbrev_zoo =
|influences =
|influences =
|influenced =
|influenced =
|prizes =
|prizes =
|religion =
|religion =
|footnotes =
|footnotes =
|signature =
|signature =
⚫
}}
}}'''Pierre Lyonnet''' or '''Lyonet''' ([[Maastricht]], [[1708-07-22]] - [[The Hague]], [[1789-10-10]]) was an [[artist]] and [[engraving|engraver]] who became a [[naturalist]].
'''Pierre Lyonnet''' or '''Lyonet''' (21 July 1706 – 10 January 1789)<ref name="Ref_" /> <!-- (22 July 1708 – 10 October 1789) --> was a Dutch [[artist]] and [[engraving|engraver]] who became a [[naturalist]]. He was a collector both of shells (a major collecting craze at the time) and paintings, whose collection included ''[[Woman Reading a Letter (Vermeer)|Woman Reading a Letter]]'' by [[Vermeer]], now in the [[Rijksmuseum]]. This fetched far less than his best shells in the auctions of his collection after his death.<ref>[https://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/aconite/conchylomania.html Conchylomania]</ref>


==Biography==
According to the RKD he was a pupil of [[Hendrik van Limborch]], [[Carel de Moor]], and [[Jan Wandelaar]].<ref name="Ref_">[https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/92087 Pieter Lyonet] in the [[RKD]]</ref>
He was secretary and translator (he spoke more than eight languages) for the government of the [[Dutch Republic]].
He was secretary and translator (he spoke more than eight languages) for the government of the [[Dutch Republic]].


Initially he trained as a [[lawyer]] before choosing to specialize in the engraving of [[natural history]] and the work of [[dissection]]. He illustrated ''Theology of the insects, or demonstration of the perfections of God in all that relates to the insects'' (1742) of [[Friedrich Christian Lesser]] (1692-1754) and ''Treatise on the polyps'' (1744) of [[Abraham Trembley]] (1710-1784). He then decided to make his do own observations and to write his own [[monograph]] on the anatomy of the insects. His first work appeared in 1750 under the name of ''Anatomical treatise of the caterpillar which corrodes the wood of Willow''. He illustrated 4,041 different muscles thus. He lacked the anatomical knowledge of [[Jan Swammerdam]] (1637-1680) and of [[Marcello Malpighi]] (1628-1694) and his observations show it. His book was received with scepticism which affirmed that Lyonnet imagined the details which he drew with so much precision. It was to counter these criticisms, that he put in the second edition which appears in 1752, a drawing of its instruments and a description of its method. Lyonnet planned to study the [[pupa|chrysalis]] and the [[imago|adult]] but, sixty years old, the tiredness of his eyes obliged him to stop his projects.
Initially he trained as a [[lawyer]] before choosing to specialize in the engraving of [[natural history]] and the work of [[dissection]]. He illustrated ''Theology of the insects, or demonstration of the perfections of God in all that relates to the insects'' (1742) of [[Friedrich Christian Lesser]] (1692–1754) and ''Treatise on the polyps'' (1744) of [[Abraham Trembley]] (1710–1784). He then decided to make his do own observations and to write his own [[monograph]] on the anatomy of the insects. His first work appeared in 1760 under the name of ''Anatomical treatise of the caterpillar which corrodes the wood of Willow''. He illustrated 4,041 different muscles thus. He lacked the anatomical knowledge of [[Jan Swammerdam]] (1637–1680) and of [[Marcello Malpighi]] (1628–1694) and his observations show it. His book was received with scepticism which affirmed that Lyonnet imagined the details which he drew with so much precision. It was to counter these criticisms, that he put in the second edition which appears in 1762, a drawing of its instruments and a description of its method. Lyonnet planned to study the [[pupa|chrysalis]] and the [[imago|adult]] but, sixty years old, the tiredness of his eyes obliged him to stop his projects.

Lyonnet was elected a [[Fellow of the Royal Society|fellow]] of the [[Royal Society]] on 14 January 1748.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1RVVZY00MZNrK2YCTTzVrbTFH2t3RxoAZah128gQR-NM/pubhtml |title=Fellowship of the Royal Society |website=docs.google.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015185820/https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1RVVZY00MZNrK2YCTTzVrbTFH2t3RxoAZah128gQR-NM/pubhtml |archive-date=2015-10-15}} </ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
*{{cite journal
*{{cite journal
| quotes = yes
|last=Wellmann
|last=Wellmann
|first=Janina
|first=Janina
⚫
|year=2008
|authorlink=
⚫
|year=[[2008]]|month=
|title=Picture metamorphosis. The transformation of insects from the end of the seventeenth to the beginning of the nineteenth century
|title=Picture metamorphosis. The transformation of insects from the end of the seventeenth to the beginning of the nineteenth century
|journal=NTM
|journal=NTM
|volume=16
|volume=16
|issue=2
|issue=2
|pages=183-211
|pages=183–211
|doi=10.1007/s00048-008-0285-2
|publisher= |location = [[Switzerland]]| issn = 0036-6978| pmid = 19227706
| pmid = 19227706
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
|s2cid=170354736
⚫
}}
}}

=== Illustrations from ''Traité anatomique'' (1750) ===
; Illustrations from ''Traité anatomique'' (1750): larva of the willow moth
<gallery>
<gallery title=Larva of the [[willow moth]]>
Image:Lyonnet 1.jpg|Larve de la chenille
Image:Lyonnet 2.jpg|Système nerveux central
Image:Lyonnet 1.jpg|Larva of the willow moth
Image:Lyonnet 2.jpg|Central nervous system with the nerves
Image:Lyonnet 3.jpg|Muscles
Image:Lyonnet 3.jpg|Muscles
Image:Lyonnet 4.jpg|Dissection de la tête
Image:Lyonnet 4.jpg|Head
Image:Lyonnet 5.jpg|Cerveau et nerf de la tête
Image:Lyonnet 5.jpg|Larva of the willow moth
Image:Lyonnet 6.jpg|''Microscope'' utilisé par Lyonet pour ses travaux de dissection (1752)
Image:Lyonnet 6.jpg|Lyonet's dissecting outfit
</gallery>
</gallery>


==Literature==
==Literature==
* Wouter Hendrik van Seters, ''Pierre Lyonet, 1706–1789: Sa vie, ses collections de coquillages et de tableux ses reserches entomologiques'' (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1962).
*''Cryptology and statecraft in the Dutch Republic - Karl de Leeuw'' ISBN 9057760398
* Emile Hublard, ''Le naturaliste hollandais Pierre Lyonet: sa vie et ses oeuvres (1706–1789) d'apres des lettres inédites'' (Brussel: Lebègue, 1910).
*''Pierre Lyonet - W.H. Seters'' (1962)
* Karl Maria Michael de Leeuw, ''Cryptology and statecraft in the Dutch Republic'' (Amsterdam: APA-Holland University Press, 2000) {{ISBN|90-5776-039-8}}.
* Koen Scholten, "Pierre Lyonet's (1706–1789) Study of Insects: Displaying Virtue and Gaining Social Status through Natural History", ''Studium'', vol. 11:4 (2018): 245–259.
* "Van lezen en microscopen IV: Trembley en Lyonet" (Leiden: Museum Boerhaave, 1978)

{{Authority control (arts)}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Lyonnet, Pierre}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lyonnet, Pierre}}
[[Category:1708 births]]
[[Category:1706 births]]
[[Category:1789 deaths]]
[[Category:1789 deaths]]
[[Category:Illustrators]]
[[Category:Dutch illustrators]]
[[Category:Dutch entomologists]]
[[Category:Dutch entomologists]]
[[Category:Dutch naturalists]]
[[Category:18th-century Dutch naturalists]]
[[Category:People from Maastricht]]
[[Category:Dutch engravers]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]

[[Category:Artists from Maastricht]]
[[fr:Pierre Lyonnet]]
[[Category:Art collectors from The Hague]]
[[nl:Pierre Lyonet]]

Latest revision as of 23:57, 27 February 2024

Pierre Lyonnet
Pierre Lyonnet
Born21 July 1706
Maastricht, Netherlands
Died10 January 1789 (1789-01-11) (aged 82)
The Hague, Netherlands
Scientific career
Fieldsnaturalist.

Pierre Lyonnet or Lyonet (21 July 1706 – 10 January 1789)[1] was a Dutch artist and engraver who became a naturalist. He was a collector both of shells (a major collecting craze at the time) and paintings, whose collection included Woman Reading a Letter by Vermeer, now in the Rijksmuseum. This fetched far less than his best shells in the auctions of his collection after his death.[2]

Biography

[edit]

According to the RKD he was a pupil of Hendrik van Limborch, Carel de Moor, and Jan Wandelaar.[1] He was secretary and translator (he spoke more than eight languages) for the government of the Dutch Republic.

Initially he trained as a lawyer before choosing to specialize in the engraving of natural history and the work of dissection. He illustrated Theology of the insects, or demonstration of the perfections of God in all that relates to the insects (1742) of Friedrich Christian Lesser (1692–1754) and Treatise on the polyps (1744) of Abraham Trembley (1710–1784). He then decided to make his do own observations and to write his own monograph on the anatomy of the insects. His first work appeared in 1760 under the name of Anatomical treatise of the caterpillar which corrodes the wood of Willow. He illustrated 4,041 different muscles thus. He lacked the anatomical knowledge of Jan Swammerdam (1637–1680) and of Marcello Malpighi (1628–1694) and his observations show it. His book was received with scepticism which affirmed that Lyonnet imagined the details which he drew with so much precision. It was to counter these criticisms, that he put in the second edition which appears in 1762, a drawing of its instruments and a description of its method. Lyonnet planned to study the chrysalis and the adult but, sixty years old, the tiredness of his eyes obliged him to stop his projects.

Lyonnet was elected a fellow of the Royal Society on 14 January 1748.[3]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Pieter Lyonet in the RKD
  2. ^ Conchylomania
  3. ^ "Fellowship of the Royal Society". docs.google.com. Archived from the original on 2015-10-15.
Illustrations from Traité anatomique (1750)
larva of the willow moth
  • Larva of the willow moth
    Larva of the willow moth
  • Central nervous system with the nerves
    Central nervous system with the nerves
  • Muscles
    Muscles
  • Head
    Head
  • Larva of the willow moth
    Larva of the willow moth
  • Lyonet's dissecting outfit
    Lyonet's dissecting outfit

Literature

[edit]
  • Wouter Hendrik van Seters, Pierre Lyonet, 1706–1789: Sa vie, ses collections de coquillages et de tableux ses reserches entomologiques (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1962).
  • Emile Hublard, Le naturaliste hollandais Pierre Lyonet: sa vie et ses oeuvres (1706–1789) d'apres des lettres inédites (Brussel: Lebègue, 1910).
  • Karl Maria Michael de Leeuw, Cryptology and statecraft in the Dutch Republic (Amsterdam: APA-Holland University Press, 2000) ISBN 90-5776-039-8.
  • Koen Scholten, "Pierre Lyonet's (1706–1789) Study of Insects: Displaying Virtue and Gaining Social Status through Natural History", Studium, vol. 11:4 (2018): 245–259.
  • "Van lezen en microscopen IV: Trembley en Lyonet" (Leiden: Museum Boerhaave, 1978)
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