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{{Short description|Hong Kong educationalist}}
'''Irene Cheng''' (October 21, 1904 – February 17, 2007; {{Lang-zh|c=鄭何艾齡}}) was a [[Hong Kong]] educationalist. The first Chinese woman to graduate from the [[University of Hong Kong]], she went on to become the highest-ranking woman in the city's Education Department. Throughout her career, she also worked as an educator in [[mainland China]] and in the [[United States]].
'''Irene Cheng''', {{nee}} '''Hotung''' (October 21, 1904 – February 17, 2007; {{Lang-zh|c=鄭何艾齡}}), was a [[Hong Kong]] educationalist. The first Chinese woman to graduate from the [[University of Hong Kong]], she went on to become the highest-ranking woman in the city's Education Department. Throughout her career, she also worked as an educator in [[mainland China]] and in the [[United States]].


== Early life and education ==
== Early life and education ==
Irene Cheng was born Irene Hotung in 1904.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Kinsman|first=Michael|date=2007-03-04|title=Irene Cheng, 102, Hong Kong-born educator was a citizen of the world|url=https://alt.obituaries.narkive.com/iRyJP35f/irene-cheng-102-hong-kong-born-educator-was-a-citizen-of-the-world|access-date=2022-02-10|website=San Diego Union-Tribune}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|last=Philipp|first=Joshua|date=2007-03-17|title=The Grand Life of Dr. Irene Cheng: She passes away at 102|work=The Epoch Times|url=https://asianresearch.org/articles/3012.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803040156/https://asianresearch.org/articles/3012.html|archive-date=2016-08-03}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Crawford|first=Barclay|date=2007-03-11|title=Irene Cheng, teacher and daughter of Hong Kong|url=https://www.scmp.com/article/584606/irene-cheng-teacher-and-daughter-hong-kong|access-date=2022-02-14|website=South China Morning Post|language=en}}</ref> She was the daughter of very wealthy [[Eurasian (mixed ancestry)#Hong Kong|Eurasian]] parents in [[Hong Kong]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> Her father, [[Robert Hotung]], was a businessman and philanthropist known as the "grand old man of Hong Kong."<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mok|first=Laramie|date=2020-06-30|title=Who was Sir Robert Hotung, great uncle of late casino king Stanley Ho?|url=https://www.scmp.com/magazines/style/news-trends/article/3091050/who-was-sir-robert-hotung-great-uncle-late-casino-king|access-date=2022-02-10|website=South China Morning Post|language=en}}</ref> Her mother was Hotung's second "co-equal" wife, Clara Hotung.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite news|last=Dungan|first=Eloise|date=1975-02-06|title='98% unemployed, but 200% busy'|pages=27|work=The San Francisco Examiner}}</ref> Hers was the first non-white family to live in Hong Kong's elite [[Victoria Peak]] neighborhood.<ref name=":2" />
Irene Cheng was born Irene Hotung in 1904.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Kinsman|first=Michael|date=2007-03-04|title=Irene Cheng, 102, Hong Kong-born educator was a citizen of the world|url=https://alt.obituaries.narkive.com/iRyJP35f/irene-cheng-102-hong-kong-born-educator-was-a-citizen-of-the-world|access-date=2022-02-10|website=San Diego Union-Tribune}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|last=Philipp|first=Joshua|date=2007-03-17|title=The Grand Life of Dr. Irene Cheng: She passes away at 102|work=The Epoch Times|url=https://asianresearch.org/articles/3012.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803040156/https://asianresearch.org/articles/3012.html|archive-date=2016-08-03}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Crawford|first=Barclay|date=2007-03-11|title=Irene Cheng, teacher and daughter of Hong Kong|url=https://www.scmp.com/article/584606/irene-cheng-teacher-and-daughter-hong-kong|access-date=2022-02-14|website=South China Morning Post|language=en}}</ref> She was the daughter of very wealthy Eurasian parents in [[Hong Kong]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> Her father, [[Robert Hotung]], was a businessman and philanthropist known as the "grand old man of Hong Kong."<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mok|first=Laramie|date=2020-06-30|title=Who was Sir Robert Hotung, great uncle of late casino king Stanley Ho?|url=https://www.scmp.com/magazines/style/news-trends/article/3091050/who-was-sir-robert-hotung-great-uncle-late-casino-king|access-date=2022-02-10|website=South China Morning Post|language=en}}</ref> Her mother was Hotung's second "co-equal" wife, Clara Hotung.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite news|last=Dungan|first=Eloise|date=1975-02-06|title='98% unemployed, but 200% busy'|pages=27|work=The San Francisco Examiner}}</ref> Hers was the first non-white family to live in Hong Kong's elite [[Victoria Peak]] neighborhood.<ref name=":2" />


After studying at the [[Diocesan Girls' School]], in 1921 Irene became one of the first women admitted to the [[University of Hong Kong]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> In 1925, she became the first Chinese woman to graduate from the university, earning a degree in [[English language|English]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HK18q3FW45oC&newbks=0|title=Growing with Hong Kong: The University and Its Graduates : the First 90 Years|date=2002-01-01|publisher=Hong Kong University Press|isbn=978-962-209-613-4|language=en}}</ref>
After studying at the [[Diocesan Girls' School]], in 1921 Cheng became one of the first women admitted to the [[University of Hong Kong]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> In 1925, she became the first Chinese woman to graduate from the university, earning a degree in [[English language|English]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HK18q3FW45oC|title=Growing with Hong Kong: The University and Its Graduates : the First 90 Years|date=2002-01-01|publisher=Hong Kong University Press|isbn=978-962-209-613-4|language=en}}</ref>


She then traveled to Britain to attend [[King's College London]], but her education there was cut short due to family responsibilities; however, she eventually completed a master's in education at [[Teachers College, Columbia University|Columbia University's Teachers College]] in 1929.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite book|last=Teng|first=Emma Jinhua|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Z1uzIlau4YC&newbks=0|title=Eurasian: Mixed Identities in the United States, China, and Hong Kong, 1842–1943|date=2013-07-13|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-95700-8|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite book|last=Lee|first=Vicky|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CWLQAQAAQBAJ&newbks=0|title=Being Eurasian: Memories Across Racial Divides|date=2004-08-01|publisher=Hong Kong University Press|isbn=978-962-209-670-7|language=en}}</ref> She later attended the [[University of London]], where she obtained a Ph.D. in 1936.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5" /> In between, she returned to China in the early 1930s to teach at [[Lingnan University]] in [[Guangzhou]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />
She then traveled to Britain to attend [[King's College London]], but her education there was cut short due to family responsibilities; however, she eventually completed a master's in education at [[Teachers College, Columbia University|Columbia University's Teachers College]] in 1929.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite book|last=Teng|first=Emma Jinhua|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Z1uzIlau4YC|title=Eurasian: Mixed Identities in the United States, China, and Hong Kong, 1842–1943|date=2013-07-13|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-95700-8|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite book|last=Lee|first=Vicky|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CWLQAQAAQBAJ|title=Being Eurasian: Memories Across Racial Divides|date=2004-08-01|publisher=Hong Kong University Press|isbn=978-962-209-670-7|language=en}}</ref> She later attended the [[University of London]], where she obtained a Ph.D. in 1936.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5" /> In between, she returned to China in the early 1930s to teach at [[Lingnan University]] in [[Guangzhou]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />


== Career ==
== Career ==
Throughout her career, Irene Cheng focused her efforts on education, including [[special education]], in both China and the United States.<ref name=":0" /> She was a strong proponent of [[bilingual education]].<ref name=":3" />
Throughout her career, Cheng focused her efforts on education, first in China and later in the United States.<ref name=":0" /> She was a strong proponent of bilingual and special education.<ref name=":3"/>


After obtaining her Ph.D., she returned to China in 1937, serving on the staff of the Ministry of Education in [[Nanjing]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":6" /> In 1940, she married an engineer from Beijing, Cheng Hsiang-hsien, and they had one child together, a daughter named June. However, less than two years into their marriage, her husband died and she became a young widow.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":6" /> She never remarried, as was customary, but she also would later express that she felt she had no time for a husband.<ref name=":1" />
After obtaining her Ph.D., she returned to China the year after and served on the staff of the Ministry of Education in [[Nanjing]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":6" /> In 1940, she married an engineer from Beijing, Cheng Hsiang-hsien, and they had a daughter. Two years into their marriage, her husband died.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":6" /> As was customary, Chang never remarried.<ref name=":1" />


In 1948 she returned to Hong Kong, where she began working at the city's Education Department, becoming the highest-ranking female staff member there.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" /> She also served on the executive board of the [[World Federation for Mental Health]] from 1956 to 1959.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
In 1948 she went to Hong Kong and began working in the city's Education Department, eventually rising to become the highest-ranking female staff member there.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" /> She also served on the executive board of the [[World Federation for Mental Health]] from 1956 to 1959.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />


Cheng retired from her position in the Education Department in 1961.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> For her service as an education officer, she was named an Officer of the [[Order of the British Empire]] that year.<ref name=":0" /> For a few years after her retirement from government, she served as principal of the Confucian Tai Shing School in Hong Kong's [[Wong Tai Sin, Hong Kong|Wong Tai Sin]].<ref name=":2" /> Then she moved to the [[San Diego]] area, near where her daughter and other relatives where living, in 1967.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" />
Cheng retired from her position in the Education Department in 1961.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> For her service as an education officer, she was named an officer of the [[Order of the British Empire]] that year.<ref name=":0" /> For a few years after her retirement from government, she served as principal of the Confucian Tai Shing School in Hong Kong's [[Wong Tai Sin, Hong Kong|Wong Tai Sin]].<ref name=":2" /> In 1967, she moved to the [[San Diego]] area to be closer to where her daughter and other relatives were living.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" />


Cheng wrote two memoirs chronicling her experiences in [[British Hong Kong]]: "Clara Ho Tung. A Hong Kong Lady: Her Family and Her Times" (1976), about her mother, and "Intercultural Reminiscences" (1997), an autobiography.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />
Cheng wrote two memoirs chronicling her time in [[British Hong Kong]]: "Clara Ho Tung. A Hong Kong Lady: Her Family and Her Times" (1976), about her mother, and "Intercultural Reminiscences" (1997), an autobiography.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />


== Later years ==
== Later years ==
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[[Category:2007 deaths]]
[[Category:2007 deaths]]
[[Category:Hong Kong educators]]
[[Category:Hong Kong educators]]
[[Category:Women educators]]
[[Category:Hong Kong civil servants]]
[[Category:Hong Kong civil servants]]
[[Category:Columbia University alumni]]
[[Category:Hong Kong women civil servants]]
[[Category:Teachers College, Columbia University alumni]]
[[Category:Ho family]]
[[Category:Ho family]]
[[Category:Women in Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Women in Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Hong Kong people of Dutch-Jewish descent]]
[[Category:Hong Kong people of Dutch-Jewish descent]]
[[Category:Hong Kong emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:Hong Kong emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:Educationalists]]
[[Category:Educational administrators]]
[[Category:Hong Kong centenarians]]
[[Category:Women centenarians]]
[[Category:Alumni of Diocesan Girls' School]]

Revision as of 10:24, 25 March 2024

Irene Cheng, née Hotung (October 21, 1904 – February 17, 2007; Chinese: 鄭何艾齡), was a Hong Kong educationalist. The first Chinese woman to graduate from the University of Hong Kong, she went on to become the highest-ranking woman in the city's Education Department. Throughout her career, she also worked as an educator in mainland China and in the United States.

Early life and education

Irene Cheng was born Irene Hotung in 1904.[1][2][3] She was the daughter of very wealthy Eurasian parents in Hong Kong.[1][3] Her father, Robert Hotung, was a businessman and philanthropist known as the "grand old man of Hong Kong."[3][4] Her mother was Hotung's second "co-equal" wife, Clara Hotung.[3][5] Hers was the first non-white family to live in Hong Kong's elite Victoria Peak neighborhood.[3]

After studying at the Diocesan Girls' School, in 1921 Cheng became one of the first women admitted to the University of Hong Kong.[1][2][3] In 1925, she became the first Chinese woman to graduate from the university, earning a degree in English.[1][2][3][6]

She then traveled to Britain to attend King's College London, but her education there was cut short due to family responsibilities; however, she eventually completed a master's in education at Columbia University's Teachers College in 1929.[1][7][8] She later attended the University of London, where she obtained a Ph.D. in 1936.[1][2][7] In between, she returned to China in the early 1930s to teach at Lingnan University in Guangzhou.[1][2][3]

Career

Throughout her career, Cheng focused her efforts on education, first in China and later in the United States.[1] She was a strong proponent of bilingual and special education.[5]

After obtaining her Ph.D., she returned to China the year after and served on the staff of the Ministry of Education in Nanjing.[3][8] In 1940, she married an engineer from Beijing, Cheng Hsiang-hsien, and they had a daughter. Two years into their marriage, her husband died.[1][3][8] As was customary, Chang never remarried.[2]

In 1948 she went to Hong Kong and began working in the city's Education Department, eventually rising to become the highest-ranking female staff member there.[1][3][6] She also served on the executive board of the World Federation for Mental Health from 1956 to 1959.[1][2]

Cheng retired from her position in the Education Department in 1961.[1][3] For her service as an education officer, she was named an officer of the Order of the British Empire that year.[1] For a few years after her retirement from government, she served as principal of the Confucian Tai Shing School in Hong Kong's Wong Tai Sin.[3] In 1967, she moved to the San Diego area to be closer to where her daughter and other relatives were living.[1][3]

Cheng wrote two memoirs chronicling her time in British Hong Kong: "Clara Ho Tung. A Hong Kong Lady: Her Family and Her Times" (1976), about her mother, and "Intercultural Reminiscences" (1997), an autobiography.[1][2][3]

Later years

In her retirement, Cheng continued her advocacy for educational opportunities, founding the Chung Hwa School, which taught Chinese culture, in San Diego in 1970.[1] She also taught at the University of California, San Diego, in this period, as well as teaching citizenship and other classes for immigrants to the United States.[1][3]

She died in 2007 at age 102.[1][3]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Kinsman, Michael (2007-03-04). "Irene Cheng, 102, Hong Kong-born educator was a citizen of the world". San Diego Union-Tribune. Retrieved 2022-02-10.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Philipp, Joshua (2007-03-17). "The Grand Life of Dr. Irene Cheng: She passes away at 102". The Epoch Times. Archived from the original on 2016-08-03.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Crawford, Barclay (2007-03-11). "Irene Cheng, teacher and daughter of Hong Kong". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 2022-02-14.
  4. ^ Mok, Laramie (2020-06-30). "Who was Sir Robert Hotung, great uncle of late casino king Stanley Ho?". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 2022-02-10.
  5. ^ a b Dungan, Eloise (1975-02-06). "'98% unemployed, but 200% busy'". The San Francisco Examiner. p. 27.
  6. ^ a b Growing with Hong Kong: The University and Its Graduates : the First 90 Years. Hong Kong University Press. 2002-01-01. ISBN 978-962-209-613-4.
  7. ^ a b Teng, Emma Jinhua (2013-07-13). Eurasian: Mixed Identities in the United States, China, and Hong Kong, 1842–1943. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-95700-8.
  8. ^ a b c Lee, Vicky (2004-08-01). Being Eurasian: Memories Across Racial Divides. Hong Kong University Press. ISBN 978-962-209-670-7.
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