Ice XVI: Difference between revisions
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[[File:IceXVI.png|thumb|Ice XVI. White edges mark the unit cell (~17 Å).]] |
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'''Ice XVI''' is the least dense (0.81 g/cm{{sup|3}})<ref name="falenty2014" /> experimentally obtained crystalline form of [[ice]]. It is topologically equivalent to the empty structure of [[Clathrate hydrate#Structure|sII]] [[clathrate hydrates]]. It was first obtained in 2014 by removing gas molecules from a [[neon clathrate]] under vacuum at temperatures below 147 K.<ref name="falenty2014">{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1038/nature14014| pmid = 25503235| title = Formation and properties of ice XVI obtained by emptying a type sII clathrate hydrate| journal = Nature| volume = 516| issue = 7530| pages = 231| year = 2014| last1 = Falenty | first1 = A. | last2 = Hansen | first2 = T. C. | last3 = Kuhs | first3 = W. F. | bibcode = 2014Natur.516..231F}}{{closed access}}</ref> The resulting empty water frame, ice XVI, is thermodynamically unstable at the experimental conditions, yet it can be preserved at cryogenic temperatures. Above 145–147 K at positive pressures ice XVI transforms into the stacking-faulty [[Ice Ic|Ice I<sub>c</sub>]] and further into ordinary [[Ice Ih|Ice I<sub>h</sub>]] . Theoretical studies predict Ice XVI to be thermodynamically stable at negative pressures (that is under [[tension (physics)|tension]]).<ref name="conde2009">{{cite journal|last1=Conde|first1=M.M.|last2=Vega|first2=C.|last3=Tribello|first3=G.A.|last4=Slater|first4=B.|title=The phase diagram of water at negative pressures: Virtual ices|journal=[[J. Chem. Phys.|The Journal of Chemical Physics]]|date=2009|volume=131|issue=034510|doi=10.1063/1.3182727}}{{closed access}}</ref><ref name="jacobson2009">{{cite journal|last1=Jacobson|first1=Liam C.|last2=Hujo|first2=Waldemar|last3=Molinero|first3=Valeria|title=Thermodynamic Stability and Growth of Guest-Free Clathrate Hydrates: A Low-Density Crystal Phase of Water|journal=[[J. Phys. Chem. B|Journal of Physical Chemistry B]]|date=2009|volume=113|issue=30|pages=10298–10307|doi=10.1021/jp903439a}}{{closed access}}</ref> |
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[[File:Water phase diagram extended to negative pressurs.png|thumb|Water phase diagram extended to negative pressures calculated with TIP4P/2005 model (after Conde et al., 2009)]] |
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==See also== |
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*[[Ice]] for other crystalline form of ice |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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{{ice}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Ice Xvi}} |
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[[Category:Water ice]] |
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{{material-stub}} |
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{{physical-chemistry-stub}} |
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{{inorganic-compound-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 21:56, 24 April 2024
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