Kanoite: Difference between revisions

Kanoite
Kanoite
	Kanoite exhibited at the Mining Museum of Akita University, Japan
General
Category	Silicate mineral (pyroxene, inosilicate)
Formula; (repeating unit)	(Mg,Mn2+)2Si2O6
IMA symbol	Knt
Crystal system	Monoclinic
Crystal class	Prismatic (2/m) ; (same H-M symbol)
Space group	P21/c
Unit cell	a = 9.73, b = 8.93 ; c = 5.26 [Å]; β = 108.56°; Z = 4
Identification
Formula mass	246.73 g/mol
Color	Light pinkish brown
Twinning	Polysynthetic
Cleavage	Perfect on {110}, {110} - {110} = 88°
Mohs scale hardness	6
Luster	vitreous
Diaphaneity	Semitransparent
Specific gravity	3.66
Optical properties	Biaxial (+)
Refractive index	nα = 1.715 nβ = 1.715 nγ = 1.728
Birefringence	0.0130
2V angle	40-42 measured
References

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Kanoite is a light pinkish brown silicate mineral that is found in metamorphic rocks. It is an inosilicate and has a chemical formula of (Mg,Mn²⁺)₂Si₂O₆.^[2] It is a member of pyroxene group and clinopyroxene subgroup.^[5]

Crystallography

Kanoite crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system. Its Hermann–Mauguin Symbol is 2/m. Under this crystal system, the three axes of the crystal are all different in length. The a and the b axes are perpendicular, and b and c axes are perpendicular. The a and c axes make an oblique shape. The axial ratio for kanoite is a:b:c =1.0894:1:0.5884 and the cell dimensions are: a = 9.73, b = 8.93 and c = 5.26 Å with Z = 4.^[3] Kanoite has a 2-fold axis and a mirror plane.

Kanoite is birefringent. It occurs as a mineral has 3 different indices of refraction. When the light passes through the Kanoite medium, the light splits due to unequal reflection from the crystal faces. As kanoite is birefringent, it is also anisotropic. In an anisotropic mineral, the velocity of light differs as the direction of the crystal changes.

Discovery and occurrence

Kanoite is a rare mineral which was found in Tatehira mine, Kumaishi, Oshima Peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan in 1977. In the type locality kanoite occurs along a joint that cuts a pyroxmangite-cummingtonite metamorphic rock in a manganese ore deposit. The region has undergone contact metamorphism as magma intruded the area. It was named to honor Hiroshi Kano, a petrology professor at Akita University in Japan.^[2]

It has also been reported from Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia, the Semail Ophiolite in Oman, and the Balmat–Edwards zinc district, Saint Lawrence County, New York.^[3]

References

^ Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
^ ^a ^b ^c Handbook of Mineralogy
^ ^a ^b ^c Classification of Kanoite. In Kanoite, Ralph, J., & Chau, I., Mindat.org
^ Webmineral data
^ Physical Properties of Kanoite. In Kanoite Mineral Data. Barthelmy, D. (1997-2010).

Gnos, E., Armbruster, T., and Nyfeler, D. (1996) Kanoite, donpeacorite and tirodite: Mn-Mg-silicates from a manganiferous quartzite in the United Arab Emirates. European Journal of Mineralogy, 8, 251-261.
Kobayashi, H. (1977) Kanoite, (Mn²⁺;Mg)₂[Si₂O₆], a new clinopyroxene in the metamorphic rock from Tatehira, Oshima Peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan. The Journal of the Geological Society of Japan, 83, 537-542.
Arlt, T. and Armbruster, T. (1997) The temperature dependent P2₁/c-C2/c phase transition in the clinopyroxene kanoite MnMg[Si₂O₆]: a single-crystal X-ray and optical study. European Journal of Mineralogy, 9, 953–964.
Akimoto, S. and Syono, Y. (1972) High pressure transformations in MnSiO₃. American Mineralogist, 57, 76–84.
Mineral Data Publishing, 2001, “Kanoite.” http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/kanoite.pdf. Accessed 21 October 2010.
Ralph, Jolyon and Chau, Ida, 5 November 2010, “Kanoite.” http://www.mindat.org/min-2154.html. Accessed 1 November 2010.
Barthelmy, David, 1997-2010, “Kanoite Mineral Data.” http://www.webmineral.com/data/Kanoite.shtml. Accessed 7 November 2010.
Weisstein, Eric, 1996-2007, “Birefringence.” http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/Birefringence.html. Accessed 7 November 2010.

[1] Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.

[HBM-2] Handbook of Mineralogy

[Mindat-3] Classification of Kanoite. In Kanoite, Ralph, J., & Chau, I., Mindat.org

[Webmin-4] Webmineral data

[5] Physical Properties of Kanoite. In Kanoite Mineral Data. Barthelmy, D. (1997-2010).

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Infobox mineral
 | name        = Kanoite
-| category    = [[Silicate mineral]]
+| category    = [[Silicate mineral]] ([[pyroxene]], [[inosilicate]])
 | boxwidth    =
 | boxbgcolor  =
-| image       =
+| image       = Kanoite displayed at Mining Museum of Akita University.jpg
-| caption     = Prismic Kaonite crytals formed on top of a matrix
+| caption     = Kanoite exhibited at the Mining Museum of [[Akita University]], Japan
-| formula     = (Mg,Mn<sup>2+</sup>)<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub>
+| formula     = {{chem2|(Mg,Mn(2+))2Si2O6}}
+| IMAsymbol   = Knt<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Warr|first=L.N.|date=2021|title=IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols|journal=Mineralogical Magazine|volume=85|issue=3|pages=291–320|doi=10.1180/mgm.2021.43|bibcode=2021MinM...85..291W|s2cid=235729616|doi-access=free}}</ref>
-| symmetry    = Monoclinic 2/m
+| molweight   = 246.73 g/mol
-| unit cell   = a = 9.73 Å, b = 8.93 Å, c = 5.26 Å; β = 108.56°; Z = 4
+| system      = [[Monoclinic]]
-| molweight   = 246.73 g
+| class       = Prismatic (2/m) <br/><small>(same [[H-M symbol]])</small>
+| symmetry    = ''P2''<sub>1</sub>/c
+| unit cell   = a = 9.73, b = 8.93 <br/>c = 5.26&nbsp;[Å]; β = 108.56°; Z&nbsp;=&nbsp;4
 | color       = Light pinkish brown
 | habit       =
-| system      = [[Monoclinic]] prismatic
 | twinning    = Polysynthetic
-| cleavage    =  Perfect on {110}, {110} - {1{{overline|1}}0} = 88°
+| cleavage    = Perfect on {110}, {110} - {1{{overline|1}}0} = 88°
 | fracture    =
 | tenacity    =
@@ Line 36: / Line 38: @@
 }}
-'''Kanoite''' is a light pinkish brown [[silicate mineral]] that is found in [[metamorphic rocks]].
+'''Kanoite''' is a light pinkish brown [[silicate mineral]] that is found in [[metamorphic rocks]]. It is an [[inosilicate]] and has a chemical formula of {{chem2|(Mg,Mn(2+))2Si2O6}}.<ref name=HBM>[http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/kanoite.pdf Handbook of Mineralogy]</ref>  It is a member of [[pyroxene]] group and [[clinopyroxene]] subgroup.<ref>[http://webmineral.com/data/Kanoite.shtml Physical Properties of Kanoite. In Kanoite Mineral Data.] ''Barthelmy, D. (1997-2010)''.</ref>
-Kanoite is an [[inosilicate]] and has a formula of (Mg,Mn<sup>2+</sup>)<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub>.<ref name=HBM>[http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/kanoite.pdf Handbook of Mineralogy]</ref>  It is a member of [[pyroxene]] group and [[clinopyroxene]] subgroup.<ref>[http://webmineral.com/data/Kanoite.shtml Physical Properties of Kanoite. In Kanoite Mineral Data.] ''Barthelmy, D. (1997-2010)''.</ref>
 ==Crystallography==
-Kanoite has monoclinic prismatic crystal system. Its Hermann-Maugin Symbol is 2/m. Under this crystal system, the three axes of the crystal are all different in length. The a and the b axes are perpendicular, and b and c axes are perpendicular. The a and c axes make an oblique shape. The axial ratio for kanoite is a:b:c =1.0894:1:0.5884 and the cell dimensions are: a = 9.73, b = 8.93 and c = 5.26 Å with Z = 4.<ref name=Mindat/> Kanoite has a 2-fold axis and a mirror plane.
+Kanoite crystallizes in the [[monoclinic]] [[crystal system]]. Its [[Hermann–Mauguin notation|Hermann–Mauguin Symbol]] is 2/m. Under this crystal system, the three axes of the crystal are all different in length. The a and the b axes are perpendicular, and b and c axes are perpendicular. The a and c axes make an oblique shape. The axial ratio for kanoite is a:b:c =1.0894:1:0.5884 and the cell dimensions are: a = 9.73, b = 8.93 and c = 5.26 Å with Z = 4.<ref name=Mindat/> Kanoite has a 2-fold axis and a mirror plane.
-Kanoite is birefringent. It occurs as a mineral has two different indices of refraction. When the light passes through the Kanoite medium, the light splits due to unequal reflection from the crystal faces. Thus, Kanoite splits the ray of light into two.
+Kanoite is birefringent. It occurs as a mineral has 3 different indices of refraction. When the light passes through the Kanoite medium, the light splits due to unequal reflection from the crystal faces. As kanoite is birefringent, it is also anisotropic. In an [[anisotropic]] mineral, the velocity of light differs as the direction of the crystal changes.
+==Discovery and occurrence==
-The fact that Kanoite is birefringent tells us that it is also anisotropic. In an anisotopic mineral, the velocity of light differs as the direction of the crystal changes. Therefore, anisotropic minerals gives off colors when they are seen under polarized microscope. (If the minerals were isotropic, then they would be blacked out under polarized light.)
+Kanoite is a rare mineral which was found in Tatehira mine, [[Kumaishi]], [[Oshima Peninsula]], [[Hokkaido]], [[Japan]] in 1977. In the [[Type locality (geology)|type locality]] kanoite occurs along a [[Joint (geology)|joint]] that cuts a [[pyroxmangite]]-[[cummingtonite]] [[metamorphic rock]] in a  manganese ore deposit. The region has undergone [[contact metamorphism]] as [[magma]] intruded the area.  It was named to honor Hiroshi Kano, a [[petrology]] professor at [[Akita University]] in Japan.<ref name=HBM/>
+It has also been reported from [[Broken Hill]], [[New South Wales]], [[Australia]], the [[Semail Ophiolite]] in [[Oman]], and the [[Balmat–Edwards]] zinc district, [[Saint Lawrence County, New York]].<ref name=Mindat/>
-==Occurrence and discovery==
-Since kanoite is a relatively rare mineral that was discovered in 1977, it is mainly used by scientists. Kanoite can be found at a joint that cuts a pyroxmangite-cummingtonite metamorphic rock. Hence, kanoite can be used to infer the previous environment that the region may have gone through. Kanoite is a rare mineral which was found in Tatehira mine, Kumaishi, Oshima peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan. This region is a manganese ore, where pyroxmangite and cummingtonite could be mainly found. The region has undergone a contact metamorphism as magma intruded the area. Therefore, if kanoite is found somewhere on earth, we may infer the region is abundant in manganese and experienced a contact metamorphism.
-Moreover, Kanoite has a low transition temperature of lower than 250°C. This characteristic of Kanoite is used by scienctists to study high pressure and high temperature relationship. Since the transition has already occurred at the low temperature, it is easier for the scienctists to tract the pure relationships between the high pressure and high temperature.
-We do not have that many applicaitons for this mineral. Yet, kanoite's value comes from the mineral's distinctive characteristics and its potential of deepening our knowledge in geology.
-It occurs in association with [[spessartine]], [[Manganese|manganoan]] [[cummingtonite]] and [[pyroxmangite]] in metamorphic rock from near [[Tatehira]], [[Oshima Peninsula]], [[Hokkaido]], [[Japan]].<ref name=HBM/>
-It was named to honor Hiroshi Kano, a [[petrology]] professor at [[Akita University]] in Japan.<ref name=HBM/>
 ==References==
 {{reflist}}
 *Gnos, E., Armbruster, T., and Nyfeler, D. (1996) Kanoite, donpeacorite and tirodite: Mn-Mg-silicates from a manganiferous quartzite in the United Arab Emirates. European Journal of Mineralogy, 8, 251-261.
+*Kobayashi, H. (1977) Kanoite, (Mn<sup>2+</sup>;Mg)<sub>2</sub>[Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub>], a new clinopyroxene in the metamorphic rock from Tatehira, Oshima Peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan. The Journal of the Geological Society of Japan, 83, 537-542.
-*The Mineralogical Society of America. (1978) Kanoite. In Brian Mason Ed. New Mineral Names, 63, 598. American Mineralogist, Washington, D.C.
+*Arlt, T. and Armbruster, T. (1997) The temperature dependent P2<sub>1</sub>/c-C2/c phase transition in the clinopyroxene kanoite MnMg[Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub>]: a single-crystal X-ray and optical study. European Journal of Mineralogy, 9, 953–964.
-*Kobayashi, H. (1977) Kanoite, (Mn2+;Mg)2[Si2O6], a new clinopyroxene in the metamorphic rock from Tatehira, Oshima Peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan. J. Geol. Soc. Japan, 83, 537-542.
+*Akimoto, S. and Syono, Y. (1972) High pressure transformations in MnSiO<sub>3</sub>. American Mineralogist, 57, 76–84.
-*Arlt, T. and Armbruster, T. (1997) The temperature dependent P21/c-C2/c phase transition in the clinopyroxene kanoite MnMg[Si2O6]: a singlecrystal X-ray and optical study. European Journal of Mineralogy, 9, 953–964.
+*Mineral Data Publishing, 2001, “Kanoite.” http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/kanoite.pdf. Accessed 21 October 2010.
-*Akimoto, S. and Syono, Y. (1972) High pressure transformations in MnSiO3. American Mineralogist, 57, 76–84.
+*Ralph, Jolyon and Chau, Ida, 5 November 2010, “Kanoite.” http://www.mindat.org/min-2154.html. Accessed 1 November 2010.
+*Barthelmy, David, 1997-2010, “Kanoite Mineral Data.” http://www.webmineral.com/data/Kanoite.shtml. Accessed 7 November 2010.
-*[http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/Birefringence.html Weisstein, E. W. (1996-2007). Birefringent. Retrieved from Wolfram Research ]
+*Weisstein, Eric, 1996-2007, “Birefringence.” http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/Birefringence.html. Accessed 7 November 2010.
-{{silicate-mineral-stub}}
 [[Category:Inosilicates]]
 [[Category:Magnesium minerals]]
-[[Category:Manganese minerals]]
+[[Category:Manganese(II) minerals]]
 [[Category:Monoclinic minerals]]
+[[Category:Minerals in space group 14]]
 [[Category:Pyroxene group]]