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{{Use South African English|date = April 2021}}
{{Short description|South African playwright (1934–2021)}}
{{Short description|Tamil South African playwright}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Use South African English|date=April 2021}}

{{Infobox person
{{Infobox writer
| name = Ronnie Govender
| name = Ronnie Govender
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=ZAR|OIS}}
| birth_name = Sathiseelan Gurilingam Govender
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1934|05|16|df=1}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1934|05|16|df=1}}
| birth_place = [[Durban]], South Africa
| birth_place = [[Durban]], [[Natal (province)|Natal]], [[Union of South Africa]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2021|04|29|1934|05|16|df=1}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2021|04|29|1934|05|16|df=1}}
| occupation = Author and playwright
| death_place =
| occupation = Playwright and theatre director
| language = English
| notable_works = {{hlist|''At the Edge and other Cato Manor Stories''|''Black Chin White Chin''}}
| notable_works = {{hlist|''At the Edge and other Cato Manor Stories''|''Black Chin White Chin''}}
| awards = [[Order of Ikhamanga]]
| awards = [[Order of Ikhamanga]] (Category II: Silver)
}}
}}


'''Sathiseelan Gurilingam "Ronnie" Govender''' (16 May 1934{{spnd}}29 April 2021) was a South African playwright, director and activist known for his community theatre efforts. He was known as a pioneer of Indian South African theater in the country. Some of his notable works included ''Black Chin White Chin, Song of the Atman,'' and ''At the Edge and Other Cato Manor Stories.'' ''At the Edge'' won the 1997 [[Commonwealth Writers' Prize]] for best first book, Africa.
'''Sathiseelan Gurilingam''' "'''Ronnie'''" '''Govender''' {{post-nominals|country=ZAR|OIS}} (16 May 1934{{spnd}}29 April 2021) was a South African playwright, theatre director and activist known for his community theatre efforts. He was known as a pioneer of Indian South African theatre in the country. Some of his notable works included ''Black Chin White Chin, Song of the Atman,'' and ''At the Edge and Other Cato Manor Stories''. ''At the Edge'' won the 1997 [[Commonwealth Writers' Prize]] for best first book, ''Africa''.


Govender received the government of South Africa's [[Order of Ikhamanga]] in 2008 for his contributions to democracy, peace and justice in the country through theatre.
Govender received the government of South Africa's [[Order of Ikhamanga]] in 2008 for his contributions to democracy, peace and justice in the country through theatre.


== Early life ==
== Early life ==

Sathiseelan Gurilingam Govender was born on 16 May 1934 in [[Cato Manor]], an [[Indian South Africans|Indian]] neighbourhood of [[Durban]].<ref name=":0" /> His father was also born in Cato Manor, while his mother was born in Fynnlands, another part of Durban. His grandparents on both sides of the family came from South India. After completing their [[Indian indenture system|term of indenture]], his grandparents settled in Cato Manor. Like other Indian families in South Africa, they bought a small plot of land to grow vegetables. His maternal grandfather became a court interpreter. His father was a truck driver and his mother a housewife. Govender had ten brothers and sisters.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Ronnie Govender {{!}} South African History Online|url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/ronnie-govender|access-date=29 April 2021|website=www.sahistory.org.za}}</ref>
Sathiseelan Gurilingam Govender was born on 16 May 1934<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ngcoya |first=Zama |date=June 7, 2023 |title=prolific-writer-and-activist-ronnie-govender-hailed-as-instrumental-in-fight-for-liberation |url=https://www.iol.co.za/sunday-tribune/news/prolific-writer-and-activist-ronnie-govender-hailed-as-instrumental-in-fight-for-liberation-efe99517-20f3-496d-abcf-5831b769903b}}</ref> in [[Cato Manor]], an [[Indian South Africans|Indian]] neighbourhood of [[Durban]].<ref name=":0" /> His father was also born in Cato Manor, while his mother was born in Fynnlands, another part of Durban. His grandparents on both sides of the family came from South India. After completing their [[Indian indenture system|term of indenture]], his grandparents settled in Cato Manor. Like other Indian families in South Africa, they bought a small plot of land to grow vegetables. His maternal grandfather became a court interpreter. His father was a truck driver and his mother a housewife. Govender had ten brothers and sisters.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Ronnie Govender {{!}} South African History Online|url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/ronnie-govender|access-date=29 April 2021|website=www.sahistory.org.za}}</ref>


== Career ==
== Career ==
⚫
After finishing his primary and secondary education, Govender began studying at the [[University of Cape Town]] (UCT), and took on a job as a [[Sports journalism|sportswriter]] for the [[New Age (South African newspaper)|''New Age'']] to pay his fees.<ref name=":0" /> In line with the paper's stance against [[apartheid]], Govender encouraged the Indian community to boycott segregated sporting events.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Krueger|first=Anton|date=8 June 2008|title=Recording a petulant soul|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2008-06-08-recording-a-petulant-soul/|url-status=live|access-date=29 April 2021|website=The Mail & Guardian|language=en-ZA}}</ref> However, the newspaper was closed by the authorities one year after Govender joined. Unable to support himself in [[Cape Town]], he returned to Durban and entered Springfield Training College to become a teacher.<ref name=":0" />


⚫
After finishing his primary and secondary education, Govender began studying at the [[University of Cape Town]] (UCT), and took on a job as a [[Sports journalism|sportswriter]] for the [[New Age (South African newspaper)|''New Age'']] to pay his fees.<ref name=":0" /> In line with the paper's stance against [[apartheid]], Govender encouraged the Indian community to boycott segregated sporting events.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Krueger|first=Anton|date=8 June 2008|title=Recording a petulant soul|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2008-06-08-recording-a-petulant-soul/|access-date=29 April 2021|website=The Mail & Guardian|language=en-ZA}}</ref> However, the newspaper was closed by the authorities one year after Govender joined. Unable to support himself in [[Cape Town]], he returned to Durban and entered Springfield Training College to become a teacher.<ref name=":0" />
⚫
After he became a teacher, Govender began his career as a writer. His first play ''Beyond Calvary'' (1962) received praise from critics.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=19 March 2007|title=Ronnie Govender (South Africa)|url=http://www.ukzn.ac.za/cca/images/tow/TOW2007/bios/Govender.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014045649/http://www.ukzn.ac.za/cca/images/tow/TOW2007/bios/Govender.htm|archive-date=14 October 2008|access-date=30 April 2021|website=Centre for Creative Arts, [[University of KwaZulu-Natal]]}}</ref> In 1964, with Muthal Naidoo and Bennie Bersee,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Orkin|first=Martin|title=Drama and the South African State|publisher=[[Manchester University Press]]|year=1991|isbn=0-7190-2576-1|pages=[[iarchive:dramasouthafrica0000orki/page/120/mode/1up|120]]|oclc=23752813}}</ref> he founded a theatre company called the Shah Theatre Academy in opposition to the liberal theatre of the day.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Hansen|first1=Thomas Blom|date=2000|title=Plays, Politics and Cultural Identity among Indians in Durban|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2637493|journal=Journal of Southern African Studies|volume=26|issue=2|page=259|issn=0305-7070|access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref> He went on to write other plays, including ''The Lahnee's Pleasure'' (1972),<ref>{{Cite web|last=Moodley|first=Janine|date=26 April 2018|title=Friends for 50 years: Ali pays tribute to Essop Khan|url=https://www.iol.co.za/thepost/news/friends-for-50-years-ali-pays-tribute-to-essop-khan-14658653|url-status=live|access-date=29 April 2021|website=www.iol.co.za|language=en}}</ref> one of South Africa's longest-running plays.<ref>{{cite news|date=13 August 2009|title=Collection of plays from South Asian diaspora|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/08/13/stories/2009081357502000.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090816195348/http://www.hindu.com/2009/08/13/stories/2009081357502000.htm|archive-date=16 August 2009}}</ref> Although Govender received invitations to tour ''The Lahnee's Pleasure'' abroad and in mainstream South African theatres, he refused as part of the cultural boycott of apartheid. His short story collection ''At the Edge and Other Cato Manor Stories'' won the 1997 [[Commonwealth Writers' Prize]] for best first book, Africa.<ref name=":0" /> The book built on stories from his childhood growing up in [[Cato Manor]], an Indian neighbourhood of Durban. The book was later adapted to a one-woman performance portrayed by actress [[Jailoshini Naidoo]].<ref name=":2" /> The play ''1949'' (1994), also based on Govender's childhood in Cato Manor, discusses the life of the Indian community in South Africa following the [[Group Areas Act]].<ref name=":3" /> His 2007 book ''Black Chin White Chin'' was shortlisted for the 2007 Commonwealth Prize.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Chatterjee|first1=M.N.|date=2008|title=Review of Black Chin, White Chin|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23348373|journal=Indian Literature|volume=52|issue=5 (247)|page=197|issn=0019-5804|access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref> Critics have described Govender's writing style as unadorned, and have said that his works evoke the identity of the Indian community with its vitality, humour, and resilience in a difficult environment. His works have been considered important in constructing the South African national identity.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Bose|first=Neilesh|date=4 May 2015|title=Performing History and Constructing 'Culture': Ronnie Govender's 1949 and the Romanticism of Historical Memory|journal=[[African Studies (journal)|African Studies]]|volume=74|issue=2|pages=235–246|doi=10.1080/00020184.2015.1045716|issn=0002-0184}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Chetty|first=Rajendra|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1015309682|title=At the edge : the writings of Ronnie Govender|date=2017|publisher=[[Peter Lang (publisher)|Peter Lang]]|isbn=978-1-4331-4642-8|location=New York|oclc=1015309682}}</ref>

⚫
After he became a teacher, Govender began his career as a writer. His first play ''Beyond Calvary'' (1962) received praise from critics.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=19 March 2007|title=Ronnie Govender (South Africa)|url=http://www.ukzn.ac.za/cca/images/tow/TOW2007/bios/Govender.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014045649/http://www.ukzn.ac.za/cca/images/tow/TOW2007/bios/Govender.htm|archive-date=14 October 2008|access-date=30 April 2021|website=Centre for Creative Arts, [[University of KwaZulu-Natal]]}}</ref> In 1964, with Muthal Naidoo and Bennie Bersee,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Orkin|first=Martin|title=Drama and the South African State|publisher=[[Manchester University Press]]|year=1991|isbn=0-7190-2576-1|pages=[[iarchive:dramasouthafrica0000orki/page/120/mode/1up|120]]|oclc=23752813}}</ref> he founded a theatre company called the Shah Theatre Academy in opposition to the liberal theatre of the day.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Hansen|first1=Thomas Blom|date=2000|title=Plays, Politics and Cultural Identity among Indians in Durban|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2637493|journal=Journal of Southern African Studies|volume=26|issue=2|page=259|doi=10.1080/03057070050010101 |jstor=2637493 |s2cid=145407397 |issn=0305-7070|access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref> He went on to write other plays, including ''The Lahnee's Pleasure'' (1972),<ref>{{Cite web|last=Moodley|first=Janine|date=26 April 2018|title=Friends for 50 years: Ali pays tribute to Essop Khan|url=https://www.iol.co.za/thepost/news/friends-for-50-years-ali-pays-tribute-to-essop-khan-14658653|access-date=29 April 2021|website=www.iol.co.za|language=en}}</ref> one of South Africa's longest-running plays.<ref>{{cite news|date=13 August 2009|title=Collection of plays from South Asian diaspora|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/08/13/stories/2009081357502000.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090816195348/http://www.hindu.com/2009/08/13/stories/2009081357502000.htm|archive-date=16 August 2009}}</ref> Although Govender received invitations to tour ''The Lahnee's Pleasure'' abroad and in mainstream South African theatres, he refused as part of the cultural boycott of apartheid. His short story collection ''At the Edge and Other Cato Manor Stories'' won the 1997 [[Commonwealth Writers' Prize]] for best first book, Africa.<ref name=":0" /> The book built on stories from his childhood growing up in [[Cato Manor]], an Indian neighbourhood of Durban. The book was later adapted to a one-woman performance portrayed by actress [[Jailoshini Naidoo]].<ref name=":2" /> The play ''1949'' (1994), also based on Govender's childhood in Cato Manor, discusses the life of the Indian community in South Africa following the [[Group Areas Act]].<ref name=":3" /> His 2007 book ''Black Chin White Chin'' was shortlisted for the 2007 Commonwealth Prize.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Chatterjee|first1=M.N.|date=2008|title=Review of Black Chin, White Chin|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23348373|journal=Indian Literature|volume=52|issue=5 (247)|page=197|jstor=23348373 |issn=0019-5804|access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref> Critics have described Govender's writing style as unadorned, and have said that his works evoke the identity of the Indian community with its vitality, humour, and resilience in a difficult environment. His works have been considered important in constructing the South African national identity.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Bose|first=Neilesh|date=4 May 2015|title=Performing History and Constructing 'Culture': Ronnie Govender's 1949 and the Romanticism of Historical Memory|journal=[[African Studies (journal)|African Studies]]|volume=74|issue=2|pages=235–246|doi=10.1080/00020184.2015.1045716|s2cid=162011336 |issn=0002-0184}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Chetty|first=Rajendra|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1015309682|title=At the edge : the writings of Ronnie Govender|date=2017|publisher=[[Peter Lang (publisher)|Peter Lang]]|isbn=978-1-4331-4642-8|location=New York|oclc=1015309682}}</ref>


The South African government awarded him the [[Order of Ikhamanga]] in 2008 "for [his] excellent contribution to democracy and justice in South Africa through the genre of theatre".<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Orders awards 28 October 2008|url=https://www.gov.za/about-government/national-orders-awards-28-october-2008|access-date=1 May 2021|publisher=[[Government of South Africa]]}}</ref> In 2014, the [[Durban University of Technology]] also awarded Govender an honorary doctorate "for his contribution to literature and the arts in general as well as his contribution to democracy, peace and justice in South Africa through theatre".<ref name=":0" />
The South African government awarded him the [[Order of Ikhamanga]] in 2008 "for [his] excellent contribution to democracy and justice in South Africa through the genre of theatre".<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Orders awards 28 October 2008|url=https://www.gov.za/about-government/national-orders-awards-28-october-2008|access-date=1 May 2021|publisher=[[Government of South Africa]]}}</ref> In 2014, the [[Durban University of Technology]] also awarded Govender an honorary doctorate "for his contribution to literature and the arts in general as well as his contribution to democracy, peace and justice in South Africa through theatre".<ref name=":0" />


== Personal life ==
== Personal life ==

His daughter, [[Pregs Govender]], is a human rights activist and former [[Parliament of South Africa|South African member of parliament]].<ref name="Pregs Govender">{{cite web | url=http://www.literarytourism.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=638:pregaluxmi-pregs-govender&catid=13:authors&Itemid=28 | title=Pregs Govender | publisher=Literary Tourism www.literarytourism.co.za | accessdate=22 November 2014}}</ref>
His daughter, [[Pregs Govender]], is a human rights activist and former [[Parliament of South Africa|South African member of parliament]].<ref name="Pregs Govender">{{cite web | url=http://www.literarytourism.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=638:pregaluxmi-pregs-govender&catid=13:authors&Itemid=28 | title=Pregs Govender | publisher=Literary Tourism www.literarytourism.co.za | accessdate=22 November 2014}}</ref>


Govender died on 29 April 2021 from age-related illnesses. He was 86.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Legendary activist and playwright Ronnie Govender has died|url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/celebrity-news/local/legendary-activist-and-playwright-ronnie-govender-has-died-d74f99d6-caac-4af7-af46-1a9a95480069|access-date=29 April 2021|website=www.iol.co.za|language=en}}</ref>
Govender died on 29 April 2021, from age-related illnesses. He was 86.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Legendary activist and playwright Ronnie Govender has died|url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/celebrity-news/local/legendary-activist-and-playwright-ronnie-govender-has-died-d74f99d6-caac-4af7-af46-1a9a95480069|access-date=29 April 2021|website=www.iol.co.za|language=en}}</ref>


== Works ==
== Works ==

* ''An Edition of the Collected Plays of Ronnie Govender'', University of Natal, 1991
* ''An Edition of the Collected Plays of Ronnie Govender'', University of Natal, 1991
* {{cite book| title=The Lahnee's Pleasure| publisher=Ravan Press| year= 1992| isbn=978-0-86975-087-2}}
* {{cite book| title=The Lahnee's Pleasure| publisher=Ravan Press| year= 1992| isbn=978-0-86975-087-2}}
Line 46: Line 53:
== External links ==
== External links ==


* [https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/ronnie-govender-interview 2002 interview]
* [https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/ronnie-govender-interview Interview for the "Voices of Resistance" project (2002)] at the [[University of Durban-Westville]]
*[https://scnc.ukzn.ac.za/doc/B/Gs/Biography_GOs/Govender_Ronnie.pdf Excerpt from "Brothers of the Spirit" (1996)]
*[https://scnc.ukzn.ac.za/doc/B/Gs/Biography_GOs/Govender_Ronnie.pdf Excerpt from "Brothers of the Spirit" (1996)]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sGizwwAuzfw Jailoshini Naidoo performing ''<nowiki/>'At The Edge' and Other Cato Manor Stories'' (2014)]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H50j1hO026s Premiere of "At the Edge" (1990)]
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


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[[Category:South African dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:South African dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:South African educators]]
[[Category:South African educators]]
[[Category:South African people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:South African people of Tamil descent]]
[[Category:South African people of Tamil descent]]
[[Category:South African politicians of Indian descent]]
[[Category:South African politicians of Indian descent]]
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[[Category:Tamil writers]]
[[Category:Tamil writers]]
[[Category:Writers from Durban]]
[[Category:Writers from Durban]]

[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Ikhamanga]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Ikhamanga]]

Revision as of 05:32, 17 May 2024

Ronnie Govender

OIS
BornSathiseelan Gurilingam Govender
(1934-05-16)16 May 1934
Durban, Natal, Union of South Africa
Died29 April 2021(2021-04-29) (aged 86)
OccupationPlaywright and theatre director
LanguageEnglish
Notable works
  • At the Edge and other Cato Manor Stories
  • Black Chin White Chin
Notable awardsOrder of Ikhamanga (Category II: Silver)

Sathiseelan Gurilingam "Ronnie" Govender OIS (16 May 1934 – 29 April 2021) was a South African playwright, theatre director and activist known for his community theatre efforts. He was known as a pioneer of Indian South African theatre in the country. Some of his notable works included Black Chin White Chin, Song of the Atman, and At the Edge and Other Cato Manor Stories. At the Edge won the 1997 Commonwealth Writers' Prize for best first book, Africa.

Govender received the government of South Africa's Order of Ikhamanga in 2008 for his contributions to democracy, peace and justice in the country through theatre.

Early life

Sathiseelan Gurilingam Govender was born on 16 May 1934[1] in Cato Manor, an Indian neighbourhood of Durban.[2] His father was also born in Cato Manor, while his mother was born in Fynnlands, another part of Durban. His grandparents on both sides of the family came from South India. After completing their term of indenture, his grandparents settled in Cato Manor. Like other Indian families in South Africa, they bought a small plot of land to grow vegetables. His maternal grandfather became a court interpreter. His father was a truck driver and his mother a housewife. Govender had ten brothers and sisters.[2]

Career

After finishing his primary and secondary education, Govender began studying at the University of Cape Town (UCT), and took on a job as a sportswriter for the New Age to pay his fees.[2] In line with the paper's stance against apartheid, Govender encouraged the Indian community to boycott segregated sporting events.[3] However, the newspaper was closed by the authorities one year after Govender joined. Unable to support himself in Cape Town, he returned to Durban and entered Springfield Training College to become a teacher.[2]

After he became a teacher, Govender began his career as a writer. His first play Beyond Calvary (1962) received praise from critics.[4] In 1964, with Muthal Naidoo and Bennie Bersee,[5] he founded a theatre company called the Shah Theatre Academy in opposition to the liberal theatre of the day.[6] He went on to write other plays, including The Lahnee's Pleasure (1972),[7] one of South Africa's longest-running plays.[8] Although Govender received invitations to tour The Lahnee's Pleasure abroad and in mainstream South African theatres, he refused as part of the cultural boycott of apartheid. His short story collection At the Edge and Other Cato Manor Stories won the 1997 Commonwealth Writers' Prize for best first book, Africa.[2] The book built on stories from his childhood growing up in Cato Manor, an Indian neighbourhood of Durban. The book was later adapted to a one-woman performance portrayed by actress Jailoshini Naidoo.[9] The play 1949 (1994), also based on Govender's childhood in Cato Manor, discusses the life of the Indian community in South Africa following the Group Areas Act.[10] His 2007 book Black Chin White Chin was shortlisted for the 2007 Commonwealth Prize.[11] Critics have described Govender's writing style as unadorned, and have said that his works evoke the identity of the Indian community with its vitality, humour, and resilience in a difficult environment. His works have been considered important in constructing the South African national identity.[10][12]

The South African government awarded him the Order of Ikhamanga in 2008 "for [his] excellent contribution to democracy and justice in South Africa through the genre of theatre".[13] In 2014, the Durban University of Technology also awarded Govender an honorary doctorate "for his contribution to literature and the arts in general as well as his contribution to democracy, peace and justice in South Africa through theatre".[2]

Personal life

His daughter, Pregs Govender, is a human rights activist and former South African member of parliament.[14]

Govender died on 29 April 2021, from age-related illnesses. He was 86.[9]

Works

  • An Edition of the Collected Plays of Ronnie Govender, University of Natal, 1991
  • The Lahnee's Pleasure. Ravan Press. 1992. ISBN 978-0-86975-087-2.
  • At the Edge and Other Cato Manor Stories, Manx, 1996
  • Song of the Atman, Jacana Media, 2006, ISBN 978-17-7009-186-3
  • Interplay: A Collection of South African Plays, MANX, 2006, ISBN 978-1-919690-97-1
  • Black Chin White Chin, HarperCollins, 2007, ISBN 978-81-7223-690-8
  • In the Manure: Memories and Reflections, David Philip, 2008, ISBN 978-0-86486-720-9

References

  1. ^ Ngcoya, Zama (7 June 2023). "prolific-writer-and-activist-ronnie-govender-hailed-as-instrumental-in-fight-for-liberation".
  2. ^ a b c d e f "Ronnie Govender | South African History Online". www.sahistory.org.za. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  3. ^ Krueger, Anton (8 June 2008). "Recording a petulant soul". The Mail & Guardian. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  4. ^ "Ronnie Govender (South Africa)". Centre for Creative Arts, University of KwaZulu-Natal. 19 March 2007. Archived from the original on 14 October 2008. Retrieved 30 April 2021.
  5. ^ Orkin, Martin (1991). Drama and the South African State. Manchester University Press. pp. 120. ISBN 0-7190-2576-1. OCLC 23752813.
  6. ^ Hansen, Thomas Blom (2000). "Plays, Politics and Cultural Identity among Indians in Durban". Journal of Southern African Studies. 26 (2): 259. doi:10.1080/03057070050010101. ISSN 0305-7070. JSTOR 2637493. S2CID 145407397. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  7. ^ Moodley, Janine (26 April 2018). "Friends for 50 years: Ali pays tribute to Essop Khan". www.iol.co.za. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  8. ^ "Collection of plays from South Asian diaspora". The Hindu. 13 August 2009. Archived from the original on 16 August 2009.
  9. ^ a b "Legendary activist and playwright Ronnie Govender has died". www.iol.co.za. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  10. ^ a b Bose, Neilesh (4 May 2015). "Performing History and Constructing 'Culture': Ronnie Govender's 1949 and the Romanticism of Historical Memory". African Studies. 74 (2): 235–246. doi:10.1080/00020184.2015.1045716. ISSN 0002-0184. S2CID 162011336.
  11. ^ Chatterjee, M.N. (2008). "Review of Black Chin, White Chin". Indian Literature. 52 (5 (247)): 197. ISSN 0019-5804. JSTOR 23348373. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  12. ^ Chetty, Rajendra (2017). At the edge : the writings of Ronnie Govender. New York: Peter Lang. ISBN 978-1-4331-4642-8. OCLC 1015309682.
  13. ^ "National Orders awards 28 October 2008". Government of South Africa. Retrieved 1 May 2021.
  14. ^ "Pregs Govender". Literary Tourism www.literarytourism.co.za. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
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