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{{Short description|Montserratian musician (1949–2010)}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
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{{Infobox musical artist
{{Infobox musical artist
|name = Arrow
| name = Arrow
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100|MBE}}
|background = solo_singer
|birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1949|11|16}}<br />[[Montserrat]], [[Caribbean|West Indies]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1949|11|16}}
| birth_place = [[Plymouth, Montserrat]]
|death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2010|09|15|1949|11|16}}<br />Montserrat, West Indies
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2010|09|15|1949|11|16}}
|birth_name = Alphonsus Celestine Edmund Cassell
| death_place = [[Lime Kiln Bay, Montserrat|Lime Kiln Bay]], Montserrat
|instrument = Vocals
| birth_name = Alphonsus Celestine Edmund Cassell
|genre = [[Soca music|Soca]]
| instrument = Vocals
|occupation = Musician, singer-songwriter
| genre = {{Flatlist|*[[Calypso music|Calypso]]
|years_active = 1959–2010
*[[Soca music|soca]]}}
|label = Arrow (1973–2010)<br/>[[Chrysalis Records|Chrysalis]] (1981–84)<br/>[[London Records|London]] (1984)<br/>[[Island Records|Island]] (1988–89)<br/>[[Mango Records|Mango]] (1989–90)
| occupation = {{hlist|Musician|singer-songwriter}}
|associated_acts =
| years_active = 1959–2010
|website = http://arrow-music.com/
| label = {{unbulleted list|Arrow (1973–2010)|[[Chrysalis Records|Chrysalis]] (1981–1984)|[[London Records|London]] (1984)|[[Island Records|Island]] (1988–1989)|[[Mango Records|Mango]] (1989–1990)}}
| associated_acts =
| website = {{Official website|arrow-music.com}}
}}
}}


'''Alphonsus Celestine Edmund Cassell''' [[Order of the British Empire|MBE]] (16 November 1949<ref>[http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/afterword/2010/09/soca-singer-arrow-cassell-dies-at-60-on-montserrat.html "Soca singer Alphonsus 'Arrow' Cassell dies at 60" ''Los Angeles Times''] 16 September 2010</ref> – 15 September 2010) was a [[Calypso music|calypso]] and [[soca music]]ian who performed under the stage name '''Arrow''', and is regarded as the first superstar of soca from [[Montserrat]].<ref name="Thompson">Thompson, Dave (2002) "Reggae & Caribbean Music", Backbeat Books, ISBN 0-87930-655-6, pp.&nbsp;26–28</ref>
'''Alphonsus Celestine Edmund Cassell''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100|MBE}} (16 November 1949<ref>Associated Press, [http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/afterword/2010/09/soca-singer-arrow-cassell-dies-at-60-on-montserrat.html "Soca singer Alphonsus 'Arrow' Cassell dies at 60"], ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', 16 September 2010.</ref> – 15 September 2010), known mononymously as '''Arrow''', was a [[Montserrat]]ian [[Calypso music|calypso]] and [[soca music]]ian, regarded as the first superstar of soca from Montserrat.<ref name="Thompson">Thompson, Dave (2002) ''Reggae & Caribbean Music'', Backbeat Books, {{ISBN|0-87930-655-6}}, pp.&nbsp;26–28.</ref> Internationally, his biggest hit song was "[[Hot Hot Hot (Arrow song)|Hot Hot Hot]]" (1982), known from the original by Arrow and numerous later versions by other musicians.


==Early years==
==Early years==
Cassell first performed at the age of 10 in a concert at the Montserrat Secondary School.<ref name="Thompson" /> He began singing calypso in 1967 and took the ''Junior Monarch'' title that year. He took up singing professionally in 1969, and in that year he was runner up in the ''Montserrat Calypso King'' competition, going on to win the title the following year (following in the footsteps of his brothers Justin (a.k.a. Hero) and Lorenzo (a.k.a. Young Challenger).<ref name="Thompson" /> He would go on to take the title a total of four times.
Born in [[Plymouth, Montserrat]],<ref name=Davison/> Cassell first performed at the age of 10 in a concert at the [[Montserrat Secondary School]].<ref name="Thompson" /> He began singing calypso in 1967 and took the ''Junior Monarch'' title that year.
Cassell took up singing professionally in 1969. That year he was runner up in the ''Montserrat Calypso King'' competition. He won the title the following year, following in the footsteps of his brothers Justin (known as Hero) and Lorenzo (known as Young Challenger).<ref name="Thompson" /> He took the title a total of four times.


==Career==
==Career==


He released his first album ''Arrow on Target'' in the summer of 1971, two singles in mid 1972, "Dance with woman", and "Jean under the bed." In 1972 November he released his second album.. ''Arrow strikes again''... Cassell began to fuse calypso with other genres such as [[Zouk]], [[R&B]], and [[Salsa music|salsa]], resulting in some criticism, with accusations that he was destroying Montserrat's calypso traditions. Others argued, his updating of the genre brought it to a new audience.<ref name="Thompson" />
He released his first album ''Arrow on Target'' in the summer of 1971, two singles in mid 1972, "Dance with me woman", and "Jean under the bed." In 1972 November he released his second album.. ''Arrow strikes again''... His third album was released in 1975. Ed Watson served as arranger for these first three albums. Arrow recorded five more albums with Watson before he started working with Leston Paul.
Cassell began to fuse calypso with other genres such as [[Zouk (musical movement)|Zouk]], [[R&B]], and [[Salsa music|salsa]]. This resulted in some criticism and accusations that he was destroying Montserrat's calypso traditions. Others argued that his updating of the genre brought it to a new audience.<ref name="Thompson" />


In 1982, Cassell began working with arranger Leston Paul, and, with his Multi National Force band, recorded the album ''Hot Hot Hot'', the title track, "[[Hot Hot Hot (Arrow song)|Hot Hot Hot]]", becoming his first pan-[[Caribbean]] hit and the biggest selling soca hit of all time after the "Oles" part, Kevin Doody narrated "Goldilocks and the Three Bears" for a pool dance party that Robert Southey wrote this classic fairy tale. Composed by Alphonsus Cassell, written by Robert Southey, narrated by Kevin Doody.<ref name="Thompson" /> It was adopted as the theme song of the 1986 [[FIFA World Cup]] in Mexico, and was later [[cover version|covered]] by [[David Johansen]] (in his Buster Poindexter [[alter ego]]), [[Menudo (band)|Menudo]], and [[Babla & Kanchan]].<ref name="Thompson" />
In 1982, Cassell began collaborating with arranger Leston Paul and recorded "Hot Hot Hot". This was his biggest hit and it became the biggest selling soca hit of all time. "Hot Hot Hot" was composed by Arrow's brother, Justin 'Hero' Cassell. The song was adopted as the theme song of the [[1986 FIFA World Cup]] in Mexico, and was later covered by [[David Johansen|Buster Poindexter]], [[Menudo (band)|Menudo]], and [[Babla & Kanchan]].<ref name="Thompson" />


He capitalised on this success with 1983's ''Heat'' album, and the "Rub Up" single, and 1984's ''Soca Savage'' album, from which the international hit "Long Time" was taken, a top 30 hit in the United Kingdom.<ref name="Thompson" /> He enjoyed further chart success in the UK with a remixed version of "Hot Hot Hot", which reached number 38 (the original had stalled at number 58). By this time, Arrow was also incorporating Latin brass into his music. Subsequent albums also saw the incorporation of [[Merengue music|merengue]] (1986's ''Heavy Energy''), and rock (1988's ''Knock Dem Dead''). ''Heavy Energy'' was his first album for [[Island Records]]' Mango label, with two further albums released on the label.
Arrow capitalised on this success with 1983's ''Heat'' album, and the "Rub Up" single, and 1984's ''Soca Savage'' album, from which the international hit "Long Time" was taken, a top 30 hit in the United Kingdom.<ref name="Thompson" /> He enjoyed further chart success in the UK with a remixed version of "Hot Hot Hot", which reached number 38 (the original had stalled at number 58). By this time, Arrow was also incorporating Latin brass into his music. Subsequent albums also saw the incorporation of [[Merengue music|merengue]] (1986's ''Heavy Energy''), and rock (1988's ''Knock Dem Dead''). ''Heavy Energy'' was his first album for [[Island Records]]' Mango label, with two further albums released on the label.


Cassell also established himself as a businessman in Montserrat, owning the Arrow's Manshop store in [[Plymouth, Montserrat|Plymouth]]. When this was destroyed by the Soufriere Hills volcanic eruption, he relocated to St. John's. He organised a fundraising calypso festival on the island in 1996, in response to the devastation caused by the volcano.<ref name="Thompson" />
Cassell established himself as a businessman in Montserrat in 1973, owning the Arrow's Manshop store in [[Plymouth, Montserrat|Plymouth]]. When this was destroyed by the [[Soufrière Hills|Soufriere Hills]] volcanic eruption, he relocated to [[St. John's, Antigua]]. He organised a fund-raising calypso festival on the island in 1996, in response to the devastation caused by the volcano.<ref name="Thompson" />


Cassell co-headlined [[Bermuda]]'s Soca '96 festival, and continued to regularly release albums. In 1988, he was given the Living Legends award by the organizers of the Caribbean Song Festival and the Bahamas Tourist Board.<ref name="Thompson" />
Cassell co-headlined [[Bermuda]]'s Soca '96 festival, and continued to regularly release albums. In 1988, he was given the Living Legends award by the organizers of the Caribbean Song Festival and the Bahamas Tourist Board.<ref name="Thompson" />


Cassell continued to be much in demand in the [[Caribbean]]. He performed at the [[Cricket World Cup 2007]] opening ceremonies with [[Shaggy (musician)|Shaggy]], [[Byron Lee]] and [[Kevin Lyttle]]. His last performance was at a fund raising concert for Haiti at the Montserrat Cultural Center in January 2010.
Cassell continued to be much in demand in the [[Caribbean]]. He performed at the [[2007 Cricket World Cup]] opening ceremonies with [[Shaggy (musician)|Shaggy]], [[Byron Lee]] and [[Kevin Lyttle]]. His last performance was at a fund-raising concert for Haiti at the Montserrat Cultural Center in January 2010.


==Death==
==Death==
Cassell was diagnosed with [[cerebral cancer]] in January 2009. He received treatment in [[Miami]] and [[Antigua]].<ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918205237/https://trinidadexpress.com/news/arrow_flies_no_more-103017689.html|archive-date=18 September 2010|url=https://trinidadexpress.com/news/arrow_flies_no_more-103017689.html|url-status=dead|title=Arrow flies no more|first=Wayne|last=Borman|date=15 September 2015|access-date=2 June 2024|work=[[Trinidad Express Newspapers]]}}</ref>


Following a bout of [[pneumonia]], Cassell died from complications of cancer on 15 September 2010 at his home in [[Lime Kiln Bay, Montserrat|Lime Kiln Bay]], Montserrat, with his family at his side. He was 60.<ref name=Davison>{{cite web|first=Phil|last=Davison|title=Arrow: Soca singer who came to worldwide fame with his hit 'Hot, Hot, Hot'|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/arrow-soca-singer-who-came-to-worldwide-fame-with-his-hit-hot-hot-hot-2082611.html|date=18 September 2010|access-date=2 June 2024|work=[[The Independent]]}}</ref><ref name=Laing>{{cite web|first=Dave|last=Laing|title=Arrow obituary|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2010/sep/16/arrow-obituary|date=17 September 2010|access-date=2 June 2024|work=[[The Independent]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Montserrat gives 'Arrow' a rousing send off|url=https://discovermni.com/2010/10/03/montserrat-gives-arrow-a-rousing-send-off/|date=3 October 2010|access-date=2 June 2024|publisher=Discover Montserrat}}</ref>
Cassell died peacefully at his home in Montserrat with his family at his side, on 15 September 2010, after battling cerebral cancer for two years.<ref>[http://www.trinidadexpress.com/news/Arrow_flies_no_more-103017689.html Wayne Bowman, "Arrow flies no more", ''Trinidad Express'', 15 September 2010.]</ref>


==Discography==
==Discography==
Line 54: Line 63:
*''Deadly'' (1985)
*''Deadly'' (1985)
*''Heavy Energy'' (1986)
*''Heavy Energy'' (1986)
*''Knock Dem Dead'' (1988)
*''Soca Explosion'' (1987)
*''[[Knock Dem Dead]]'' (1988)
*''Massive'' (1988)
*''Massive'' (1988)
*''O'La Soca'' (1989)
*''O'La Soca'' (1989)
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*1982: "Curacao" / B-side "Bills"
*1982: "Curacao" / B-side "Bills"
*1983: "Rub Up"
*1983: "Rub Up"
*1983: "[[Hot Hot Hot (Arrow song)|Hot Hot Hot]]" No. 59 [[UK Singles Chart|UK]]
*1983: "[[Hot Hot Hot (Arrow song)|Hot Hot Hot]]" No. 59 [[UK Singles Chart|UK]] / B-side "Money"
*1984: "Long Time" No. 30 UK
*1984: "Long Time" No. 30 UK / B-side "Colombia Rock"
*1987: "Hurray Hurray" / B-side "Wanna Dance"
*1988: "Groove Master" No. 23 US [[Hot Dance Club Play|Dance]]
*1988: "Groove Master" No. 23 US [[Hot Dance Club Play|Dance]]
*1989: "O' La Soca" No. 38 US Dance
*1989: "O' La Soca" No. 38 US Dance
*1994: "Hot Hot Hot (World Carnival Mix '94)" No. 38 UK<ref name="British Hit Singles & Albums">{{cite book
*1994: "Hot Hot Hot (World Carnival Mix '94)" No. 38 UK, No.9 Australia<ref name="British Hit Singles & Albums">{{cite book
| first= David
| first= David
| last= Roberts
| last= Roberts
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==Further reading==
==Further reading==
*De Ledesma, Charles and Georgia Popplewell. "Put Water in the Brandy?"". 2000. In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.), ''World Music, Vol. 2: Latin & North America, Caribbean, India, Asia and Pacific'', pp 507–526. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books. ISBN 1-85828-636-0
*De Ledesma, Charles and Georgia Popplewell. "Put Water in the Brandy?"". 2000. In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.), ''World Music, Vol. 2: Latin & North America, Caribbean, India, Asia and Pacific'', pp 507–526. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books. {{ISBN|1-85828-636-0}}


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.mustrad.org.uk/articles/kaiso15.htm Alphonsus Cassell bio]
*[http://www.mustrad.org.uk/articles/kaiso15.htm Alphonsus Cassell bio]
*Norman 'Gus' Thomas (6 August 2004) [http://ecaroh.com/profiles/arrow.htm Soca Superstar Arrow Among Honourees In Antigua].
*Thomas, Norman "Gus" (6 August 2004) [http://ecaroh.com/profiles/arrow.htm Soca Superstar Arrow Among Honourees In Antigua].
*{{Cite web|url=http://www.statecraft.net/montserrat/doc/MUSICOFMONTSERRAT2003.doc|accessdate=27 April 2006|title=Music of Montserrat|work=Montserrat First, Montserrat Chamber of Commerce & Industry (MCCI) Inc |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060107213936/http://www.statecraft.net/montserrat/doc/MUSICOFMONTSERRAT2003.doc <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 7 January 2006}}
*Government of Montserrat:<br>[http://www.gov.ms/?p=3372 Death Announcement for Alphonsus “Arrow” Cassell]<br>[http://www.gov.ms/?p=3378 The Mighty Arrow, Soca King of the World, dies at 60]
*Obituaries from [http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2010/sep/16/arrow-obituary The Guardian] and [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/arrow-soca-singer-who-came-to-worldwide-fame-with-his-hit-hot-hot-hot-2082611.html The Independent] newspapers.


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME =Arrow
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =Alphonsus Celestine Edmund Cassell
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =First superstar of soca
| DATE OF BIRTH =1949-11-16
| PLACE OF BIRTH =Plymouth, Montserrat
| DATE OF DEATH =2010-09-15
| PLACE OF DEATH =Lime Kiln Bay, Montserrat
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Arrow}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Arrow}}
[[Category:1949 births]]
[[Category:1949 births]]
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[[Category:Members of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Members of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Calypsonians]]
[[Category:Calypsonians]]
[[Category:Island Records artists]]
[[Category:Chrysalis Records artists]]
[[Category:Montserratian musicians]]
[[Category:Montserratian musicians]]
[[Category:Deaths from brain tumor]]
[[Category:Deaths from brain tumor]]
[[Category:Soca musicians]]
[[Category:Soca musicians]]
[[Category:Deaths from pneumonia]]

Latest revision as of 12:31, 2 June 2024

Arrow
Birth nameAlphonsus Celestine Edmund Cassell
Born(1949-11-16)16 November 1949
Plymouth, Montserrat
Died15 September 2010(2010-09-15) (aged 60)
Lime Kiln Bay, Montserrat
Genres
Occupations
  • Musician
  • singer-songwriter
InstrumentVocals
Years active1959–2010
Labels
WebsiteOfficial website

Alphonsus Celestine Edmund Cassell MBE (16 November 1949[1] – 15 September 2010), known mononymously as Arrow, was a Montserratian calypso and soca musician, regarded as the first superstar of soca from Montserrat.[2] Internationally, his biggest hit song was "Hot Hot Hot" (1982), known from the original by Arrow and numerous later versions by other musicians.

Early years

[edit]

Born in Plymouth, Montserrat,[3] Cassell first performed at the age of 10 in a concert at the Montserrat Secondary School.[2] He began singing calypso in 1967 and took the Junior Monarch title that year.

Cassell took up singing professionally in 1969. That year he was runner up in the Montserrat Calypso King competition. He won the title the following year, following in the footsteps of his brothers Justin (known as Hero) and Lorenzo (known as Young Challenger).[2] He took the title a total of four times.

Career

[edit]

He released his first album Arrow on Target in the summer of 1971, two singles in mid 1972, "Dance with me woman", and "Jean under the bed." In 1972 November he released his second album.. Arrow strikes again... His third album was released in 1975. Ed Watson served as arranger for these first three albums. Arrow recorded five more albums with Watson before he started working with Leston Paul.

Cassell began to fuse calypso with other genres such as Zouk, R&B, and salsa. This resulted in some criticism and accusations that he was destroying Montserrat's calypso traditions. Others argued that his updating of the genre brought it to a new audience.[2]

In 1982, Cassell began collaborating with arranger Leston Paul and recorded "Hot Hot Hot". This was his biggest hit and it became the biggest selling soca hit of all time. "Hot Hot Hot" was composed by Arrow's brother, Justin 'Hero' Cassell. The song was adopted as the theme song of the 1986 FIFA World Cup in Mexico, and was later covered by Buster Poindexter, Menudo, and Babla & Kanchan.[2]

Arrow capitalised on this success with 1983's Heat album, and the "Rub Up" single, and 1984's Soca Savage album, from which the international hit "Long Time" was taken, a top 30 hit in the United Kingdom.[2] He enjoyed further chart success in the UK with a remixed version of "Hot Hot Hot", which reached number 38 (the original had stalled at number 58). By this time, Arrow was also incorporating Latin brass into his music. Subsequent albums also saw the incorporation of merengue (1986's Heavy Energy), and rock (1988's Knock Dem Dead). Heavy Energy was his first album for Island Records' Mango label, with two further albums released on the label.

Cassell established himself as a businessman in Montserrat in 1973, owning the Arrow's Manshop store in Plymouth. When this was destroyed by the Soufriere Hills volcanic eruption, he relocated to St. John's, Antigua. He organised a fund-raising calypso festival on the island in 1996, in response to the devastation caused by the volcano.[2]

Cassell co-headlined Bermuda's Soca '96 festival, and continued to regularly release albums. In 1988, he was given the Living Legends award by the organizers of the Caribbean Song Festival and the Bahamas Tourist Board.[2]

Cassell continued to be much in demand in the Caribbean. He performed at the 2007 Cricket World Cup opening ceremonies with Shaggy, Byron Lee and Kevin Lyttle. His last performance was at a fund-raising concert for Haiti at the Montserrat Cultural Center in January 2010.

Death

[edit]

Cassell was diagnosed with cerebral cancer in January 2009. He received treatment in Miami and Antigua.[4]

Following a bout of pneumonia, Cassell died from complications of cancer on 15 September 2010 at his home in Lime Kiln Bay, Montserrat, with his family at his side. He was 60.[3][5][6]

Discography

[edit]

Albums

[edit]
  • The Mighty Arrow on Target (1972)
  • Arrow Strikes Again (1973)
  • Keep on Jamming (1975)
  • Sweet Beat (1978)
  • Instant Knockout (1980)
  • Man From Africa (1980)
  • Double Trouble (1981)
  • Hot Hot Hot (1982)
  • Heat (1983)
  • Soca Savage (1984)
  • Deadly (1985)
  • Heavy Energy (1986)
  • Soca Explosion (1987)
  • Knock Dem Dead (1988)
  • Massive (1988)
  • O'La Soca (1989)
  • Soca Dance Party (1990)
  • Hot Soca Hot (1990)
  • Zombie Soca (1991)
  • Zombie Remixes (1991)
  • The Best of Arrow Volume 2 (1992)
  • Model De Bam Bam (1992)
  • Outrageous (1993)
  • Classics (1994)
  • Phat (1995)
  • Ride De Riddim (1996)
  • Turbulence (1998)
  • Beat De Drum (2000)
  • Arrow – Vintage Volume 1 (2002)
  • No Rules (2002)

Singles

[edit]
  • 1973: "Dance with Me, Woman"
  • 1981: "Soca Rhumba" / B-side "Bills"
  • 1982: "Curacao" / B-side "Bills"
  • 1983: "Rub Up"
  • 1983: "Hot Hot Hot" No. 59 UK / B-side "Money"
  • 1984: "Long Time" No. 30 UK / B-side "Colombia Rock"
  • 1987: "Hurray Hurray" / B-side "Wanna Dance"
  • 1988: "Groove Master" No. 23 US Dance
  • 1989: "O' La Soca" No. 38 US Dance
  • 1994: "Hot Hot Hot (World Carnival Mix '94)" No. 38 UK, No.9 Australia[7]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Associated Press, "Soca singer Alphonsus 'Arrow' Cassell dies at 60", Los Angeles Times, 16 September 2010.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Thompson, Dave (2002) Reggae & Caribbean Music, Backbeat Books, ISBN 0-87930-655-6, pp. 26–28.
  3. ^ a b Davison, Phil (18 September 2010). "Arrow: Soca singer who came to worldwide fame with his hit 'Hot, Hot, Hot'". The Independent. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
  4. ^ Borman, Wayne (15 September 2015). "Arrow flies no more". Trinidad Express Newspapers. Archived from the original on 18 September 2010. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
  5. ^ Laing, Dave (17 September 2010). "Arrow obituary". The Independent. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
  6. ^ "Montserrat gives 'Arrow' a rousing send off". Discover Montserrat. 3 October 2010. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
  7. ^ Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. p. 30. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.

Further reading

[edit]
  • De Ledesma, Charles and Georgia Popplewell. "Put Water in the Brandy?"". 2000. In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.), World Music, Vol. 2: Latin & North America, Caribbean, India, Asia and Pacific, pp 507–526. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books. ISBN 1-85828-636-0
[edit]