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{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}
{{speciesbox
{{Speciesbox
|name = Weeping bottlebrush
|name = Weeping bottlebrush
|image = Melaleuca viminalis.jpg
|image = Melaleuca viminalis.jpg
Line 6: Line 7:
|genus = Melaleuca
|genus = Melaleuca
|species = viminalis
|species = viminalis
|authority = ([[Sol.]] ex [[Gaertn.]]) [[Norman Byrnes (botanist)|Byrnes]]
|authority = ([[Sol.]] ex [[Joseph Gaertner|Gaertn.]]) [[Norman Byrnes (botanist)|Byrnes]]<ref name="POWO">{{cite web |title=''Melaleuca viminalis'' |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:914221-1 |publisher=Plants of the World Online |access-date=14 September 2021}}</ref>
|synonyms_ref = <ref name="POWO" />
|synonyms = <sub>
|synonyms =
* ''Metrosideros viminalis'' [[Sol.]] ex [[Gaertn.]]
* ''Callistemon viminalis'' (Sol. ex Gaertn.) [[G.Don]]
* ''Metrosideros viminalis'' <small>Sol. ex Gaertn.</small>
* ''Callistemon viminalis'' <small>(Sol. ex Gaertn.) [[G.Don]]</small>
</sub>
}}
}}


'''''Melaleuca viminalis''''', commonly known as '''weeping bottlebrush''', or '''creek bottlebrush''' is a plant in the myrtle [[Family (biology)|family]], [[Myrtaceae]] and is [[Endemism|endemic]] to [[New South Wales]], [[Queensland]] and [[Western Australia]]. (Some Australian state herbaria continue to use the name ''Callistemon viminalis''.<ref name=Udovicic>{{cite journal|last1=Udovicic|first1=Frank|last2=Spencer|first2=Roger|title=New combinations in ''Callistemon'' (Myrtaceae)|journal=Muelleria|date=2012|volume=30|issue=1|pages=23–25|url=http://www.rbg.vic.gov.au/documents/Muelleria_30-1_3_Udovicic_Spencer.pdf|accessdate=31 May 2015}}</ref>) It is a multi-trunked, large shrub or tree with hard bark, often pendulous foliage and large numbers of bright red bottlebrush flowers in spring and summer. It is possibly the most commonly cultivated melaleuca in gardens and its cultivars are often grown in many countries.
'''''Melaleuca viminalis''''', commonly known as '''weeping bottlebrush''' or '''creek bottlebrush''', is a plant in the myrtle [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Myrtaceae]], and is [[Endemism|endemic]] to [[New South Wales]], [[Queensland]] and [[Western Australia]]. (Some Australian state [[herbarium|herbaria]] continue to use the name ''Callistemon viminalis''.<ref name=Udovicic>{{cite journal|last1=Udovicic|first1=Frank|last2=Spencer|first2=Roger|title=New combinations in ''Callistemon'' (Myrtaceae)|journal=Muelleria|date=2012|volume=30|issue=1|pages=23–25|doi=10.5962/p.292240 |s2cid=251007557 |url=http://www.rbg.vic.gov.au/documents/Muelleria_30-1_3_Udovicic_Spencer.pdf|access-date=31 May 2015}}</ref>) It is a multi-trunked, large shrub or tree with hard bark, often pendulous foliage and large numbers of bright red bottlebrush flowers in spring and summer. It is possibly the most commonly cultivated melaleuca in gardens and its cultivars are often grown in many countries.


==Description==
==Description==
''Melaleuca viminalis'' is a large shrub or small tree growing to {{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} tall with hard, fibrous, furrowed bark, a number of trunks and usually pendulous branches. Its leaves are arranged alternately and are {{convert|25-138|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long, {{convert|3-27|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide, more or less flat, very narrow elliptical to narrow egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base and the other end tapering to a sharp point. The leaves have a mid-vein, 9-27 lateral veins and large number of conspicuous oil glands.<ref name=Brophy>{{cite book|last1=Brophy|first1=Joseph J.|last2=Craven|first2=Lyndley A.|last3=Doran|first3=John C.|title=Melaleucas : their botany, essential oils and uses|date=2013|publisher=Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research|location=Canberra|isbn=9781922137517|pages=378–379}}</ref><ref name=RBGS>{{cite web|last1=Spencer|first1=Roger|last2=Lumley|first2=Peter|title=Callistemon viminalis|url=http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Callistemon~viminalis|publisher=Royal Botanic Garden Sydney: Plantnet|accessdate=17 July 2015}}</ref><ref name=trin>{{cite web|title=Melaleuca viminalis|url=http://keys.trin.org.au/key-server/data/0e0f0504-0103-430d-8004-060d07080d04/media/Html/taxon/Melaleuca_viminalis.htm|publisher=Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants|accessdate=17 July 2015}}</ref><ref name=ANPSA>{{cite web|title=Callistemon viminalis|url=http://anpsa.org.au/c-vim.html|publisher=Australian Native Plants Society Australia|accessdate=17 July 2015}}</ref><ref name=ANBG>{{cite web|last1=Jackson|first1=Ron|title=Callistemon viminalis|url=https://www.anbg.gov.au/gnp/gnp12/callistemon-viminalis.html|publisher=Australian National Botanic Garden|accessdate=17 July 2015}}</ref>
''Melaleuca viminalis'' is a large shrub or small tree growing to {{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} tall with hard, fibrous, furrowed bark, a number of trunks and usually pendulous branches. Its leaves are arranged alternately and are {{convert|25-138|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long, {{convert|3-27|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide, more or less flat, very narrow elliptical to narrow egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base and the other end tapering to a sharp point. The leaves have a mid-vein, 9-27 lateral veins and large number of conspicuous oil glands.<ref name=Brophy>{{cite book|last1=Brophy|first1=Joseph J.|last2=Craven|first2=Lyndley A.|last3=Doran|first3=John C.|title=Melaleucas : their botany, essential oils and uses|date=2013|publisher=Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research|location=Canberra|isbn=9781922137517|pages=378–379}}</ref><ref name=RBGS>{{cite web|last1=Spencer|first1=Roger|last2=Lumley|first2=Peter|title=''Callistemon viminalis''|url=http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Callistemon~viminalis|publisher=Royal Botanic Garden Sydney: Plantnet|access-date=17 July 2015}}</ref><ref name="RFK">{{cite web |author1=F.A.Zich |author2=B.P.M.Hyland |author3=T.Whiffen |author4=R.A.Kerrigan |author2-link=Bernard Hyland |year=2020 |url=https://apps.lucidcentral.org/rainforest/text/entities/Melaleuca_viminalis.htm |title=''Melaleuca viminalis'' |website=[[Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants]] Edition 8 (RFK8) |publisher=Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), [[Australian Government]] |access-date=24 June 2021}}</ref><ref name=ANPSA>{{cite web|title=''Callistemon viminalis''|url=http://anpsa.org.au/c-vim.html|publisher=Australian Native Plants Society Australia|access-date=17 July 2015}}</ref><ref name=ANBG>{{cite web|last1=Jackson|first1=Ron|title=''Callistemon viminalis''|url=https://www.anbg.gov.au/gnp/gnp12/callistemon-viminalis.html|publisher=Australian National Botanic Garden|access-date=17 July 2015}}</ref>


[[File:Pollen grains of Melaleuca viminalis.jpg|thumb|Pollen grains of ''Melaleuca viminalis'']]
The flowers are bright red and are arranged in spikes on and around the ends of branches which continue to grow after flowering. The spikes are {{convert|35-50|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} in diameter and {{convert|40-100|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long with 15 to 50 individual flowers. The petals are {{convert|3.4-5.9|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and fall off as the flower ages and the stamens are arranged in five bundles around the flower. The bundles are sometimes obscure but each contains 9 to 14 stamens. Flowering occurs from September to December and often sporadically throughout the year. Flowering is followed by fruit which are woody [[Capsule (botany)|capsules]], {{convert|3.8-4.8|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|5-6|mm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} in diameter.<ref name="Brophy" /><ref name="RBGS" /><ref name="trin" /><ref name="ANPSA" /><ref name="ANBG" />
The flowers are bright red and are arranged in spikes on and around the ends of branches which continue to grow after flowering. The spikes are {{convert|35-50|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} in diameter and {{convert|40-100|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long with 15 to 50 individual flowers. The petals are {{convert|3.4-5.9|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and fall off as the flower ages and the stamens are arranged in five bundles around the flower. The bundles are sometimes obscure but each contains 9 to 14 stamens. Flowering occurs from September to December and often sporadically throughout the year. Flowering is followed by fruit which are woody [[Capsule (botany)|capsules]], {{convert|3.8-4.8|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|5-6|mm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} in diameter.<ref name="Brophy" /><ref name="RBGS" /><ref name="RFK" /><ref name="ANPSA" /><ref name="ANBG" />


==Taxonomy and naming==
==Taxonomy and naming==
''Melaleuca viminalis'' was first named in 2009 by [[Lyndley Craven]] in ''[[Novon]]'' when ''Callistemon viminalis'' was transferred to the present [[genus]].<ref name=APNI(1)>{{cite web|title=''Melaleuca viminalis''|url= https://biodiversity.org.au/boa/instance/apni/545796|publisher=APNI|accessdate=17 July 2015}}</ref><ref name=Craven>{{cite journal|last1=Craven|first1=Lyn A.|title=''Melaleuca'' (Myrtaceae) from Australia|journal=Novon|date=2009|volume=19|page=449|doi=10.3417/2007008|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40330691#page/451/mode/1up|accessdate=17 July 2015}}</ref> ''Metrosideros viminalis'' was first formally described in 1788 by [[Joseph Gaertner]] in [[De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum]].<ref name=APNI(2)>{{cite web|title=''Metrosideros viminalis''|url= https://biodiversity.org.au/boa/instance/apni/474188|publisher=APNI|accessdate=3 September 2015}}</ref> The [[Botanical name|specific epithet]] (''viminalis'') is from the [[Latin]] word ''[[wikt:vimen|vimen]]'' meaning an "osier" or "pliant twig"<ref name="RWB">{{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Roland Wilbur|title=The Composition of Scientific Words|date=1956|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|location=Washington, D.C.|page=836}}</ref> referring to the weeping habit of the branchlets of this species.<ref name="Brophy" />
This species was first formally described in 1788 by [[Joseph Gaertner]], who gave it the name ''Metrosideros viminalis'' in ''[[De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum]]''.<ref name="POWO1">{{cite web |title=''Metrosideros viminalis'' |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:598348-1 |publisher=Plants of the World Online |access-date=3 February 2023}}</ref><ref name="Gaertn.">{{cite book |last1=Gaertner |first1=Joseph |title=De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum |date=1788 |location=Stuttgart |page=171 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114363#page/369/mode/1up |access-date=3 February 2023}}</ref> In 1984, [[Norman Byrnes (botanist)|Norman Brice Byrnes]] transferred the species to ''Melaleuca'' as ''M. viminalis'' in the journal ''[[Austrobaileya (journal)|Austrobaileya]]''.<ref name="POWO" /><ref name="Byrnes">{{cite journal |last1=Byrnes |first1=Norman B. |title=A Revision of ''Melaleuca'' L. (Myrtaceae) in Northern and Eastern Australia, 1 |journal=Austrobaileya |date=1984 |volume=2 |issue=1 |page=75 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41739162 |access-date=3 February 2023}}</ref>


In 2009, [[Lyndley Craven]] described ''Melaleuca viminalis'' subsp. ''rhodendron'' in the journal
There are two subspecies:
''[[Novon]]'', and the name, and that of the [[Autonym (botany)|autonym]] are accepted by [[Plants of the World Online]]:
⚫
*''Melaleuca viminalis ''<small>([[Daniel Solander|Sol.]] ex [[Joseph Gaertner|Gaertn.]]) [[Norman Byrnes (botanist)|Byrnes]]</small> subsp.'' viminalis''<ref name=APNI2>{{cite web|title=''Melaleuca viminalis'' subsp.''viminalis''|url=https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/api/name/apni/223940|publisher=APNI|accessdate=17 July 2015}}</ref> which is a multi-trunked shrub or small tree growing to {{convert|15|m|ft|sigfig=1}} high and which often flowers throughout the year;<ref name="Brophy" />
*''Melaleuca viminalis '' subsp. ''rhododendron''<small> [[Lyndley Craven|Craven]] </small>,<ref name=APNI(3)>{{cite web|title=''Melaleuca viminalis'' subsp. ''rhododendron''|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/653277|publisher=APNI|accessdate=25 January 2018}}</ref> a single-stemmed tree growing to {{convert|35|m|ft|sigfig=1}} high which flowers mostly in September and October, and occurs only in the [[Injune]] district in Queensland.<ref name="Brophy" />
* ''Melaleuca viminalis'' subsp. ''rhododendron'' <small>Craven</small>,<ref name="POWO2">{{cite web |title=''Melaleuca viminalis'' subsp. ''rhododendron'' |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77105487-1 |publisher=Plants of the World Online |access-date=3 February 2023}}</ref> a single-stemmed tree growing to {{convert|35|m|ft|sigfig=1}} high, that flowers mostly in September and October, and occurs only in the [[Injune]] district in Queensland.<ref name="Brophy" /><ref name=Craven>{{cite journal|last1=Craven|first1=Lyn A.|title=''Melaleuca'' (Myrtaceae) from Australia|journal=Novon|date=2009|volume=19|page=449|doi=10.3417/2007008|s2cid=85017631|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40330691#page/459/mode/1up|access-date=3 February 2023}}</ref>
⚫
* ''Melaleuca viminalis'' <small>(Sol. ex Gaertn.) Byrnes</small> subsp. ''viminalis'',<ref name="POWO3">{{cite web |title=''Melaleuca viminalis'' subsp. ''viminalis'' |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77171194-1 |publisher=Plants of the World Online |access-date=3 February 2023}}</ref> is a multi-trunked shrub or small tree growing to {{convert|15|m|ft|sigfig=1}} high and which often flowers throughout the year;<ref name="Brophy" /><ref name="Craven" />


The [[Botanical name|specific epithet]] (''viminalis'') means "having long, slender branches".<ref name="Brophy" />
''Callistemon viminalis'' is regarded as a synonym of ''Melaleuca viminalis'' by the [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]].<ref name '"WCSP">{{WCSP | 31513 | ''Callistemon viminalis'' }}</ref>

The [[Australian Plant Census]] regards ''Metrosideros viminalis'', ''Melaleuca viminalis'', ''Melaleuca viminalis'' subsp. ''viminalis'' and ''Callistemon viminalis'' subsp. ''viminalis'' as [[Synonym (taxonomy)|synonyms]] of ''Callistemon viminalis''.<ref name="APC">{{cite web |title=''Callistemon viminalis'' |url=https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/97779 |publisher=Australian Plant Census |access-date=3 February 2023}}</ref>


==Distribution and habitat==
==Distribution and habitat==
Line 33: Line 38:


==Ecology==
==Ecology==
''Melaleuca viminalis'' provides food for [[nectivore]]s. Its adaptations to survive strong currents during flood events allow it to slow the flow of floodwater and reduce erosion, thereby improving the water quality in streams and rivers. The matted roots of this species also strengthen the soil of riverbanks, further reducing the potential for erosion.<ref name=Ipswich>{{cite web|title=Weeping bottlebrush|url=http://www.ipswich.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/20124/profile_4_weeping_bottlebrush.pdf|publisher=Ipswich City Council|accessdate=17 July 2015}}</ref>
''Melaleuca viminalis'' provides food for [[nectivore]]s. Its adaptations to survive strong currents during flood events allow it to slow the flow of floodwater and reduce erosion, thereby improving the water quality in streams and rivers. The matted roots of this species also strengthen the soil of riverbanks, further reducing the potential for erosion.<ref name=Ipswich>{{cite web|title=Weeping bottlebrush|url=http://www.ipswich.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/20124/profile_4_weeping_bottlebrush.pdf|publisher=Ipswich City Council|access-date=17 July 2015}}</ref>


==Use in horticulture==
==Use in horticulture==
Line 41: Line 46:


*[[Callistemon 'Captain Cook'|''C. viminalis'' 'Captain Cook']];
*[[Callistemon 'Captain Cook'|''C. viminalis'' 'Captain Cook']];
*''C. viminalis 'Rose Opal';
*''C. viminalis'' 'Rose Opal';
*''C. 'Dawson River Weeper';
*''C. viminalis'' 'Dawson River Weeper';
*''C. 'Hannah Ray';
*''C. viminalis'' 'Hannah Ray';
*''C. viminalis 'Prolific';
*''C. viminalis'' 'Prolific';
*''C. viminalis 'Hen Camp Creek';
*''C. viminalis'' 'Hen Camp Creek';
*''C. viminalis 'Wild River'.
*''C. viminalis'' 'Wild River'.


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
{{Reflist}}
{{taxonbar}}
{{Commons}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q22113637}}


[[Category:Melaleuca|viminalis]]
[[Category:Melaleuca|viminalis]]
⚫
[[Category:Flora of Australia]]
[[Category:Flora of New South Wales]]
[[Category:Flora of New South Wales]]
[[Category:Flora of Queensland]]
[[Category:Flora of Queensland]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1788]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1788]]
⚫
[[Category:Garden plants of Australia]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Joseph Gaertner]]

Latest revision as of 22:51, 3 June 2024

Weeping bottlebrush
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Myrtaceae
Genus: Melaleuca
Species:
M. viminalis
Binomial name
Melaleuca viminalis
Synonyms[1]
  • Metrosideros viminalis Sol. ex Gaertn.
  • Callistemon viminalis (Sol. ex Gaertn.) G.Don

Melaleuca viminalis, commonly known as weeping bottlebrush or creek bottlebrush, is a plant in the myrtle family Myrtaceae, and is endemic to New South Wales, Queensland and Western Australia. (Some Australian state herbaria continue to use the name Callistemon viminalis.[2]) It is a multi-trunked, large shrub or tree with hard bark, often pendulous foliage and large numbers of bright red bottlebrush flowers in spring and summer. It is possibly the most commonly cultivated melaleuca in gardens and its cultivars are often grown in many countries.

Description

[edit]

Melaleuca viminalis is a large shrub or small tree growing to 10 m (30 ft) tall with hard, fibrous, furrowed bark, a number of trunks and usually pendulous branches. Its leaves are arranged alternately and are 25–138 mm (1–5 in) long, 3–27 mm (0.1–1 in) wide, more or less flat, very narrow elliptical to narrow egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base and the other end tapering to a sharp point. The leaves have a mid-vein, 9-27 lateral veins and large number of conspicuous oil glands.[3][4][5][6][7]

Pollen grains of Melaleuca viminalis

The flowers are bright red and are arranged in spikes on and around the ends of branches which continue to grow after flowering. The spikes are 35–50 mm (1–2 in) in diameter and 40–100 mm (2–4 in) long with 15 to 50 individual flowers. The petals are 3.4–5.9 mm (0.1–0.2 in) long and fall off as the flower ages and the stamens are arranged in five bundles around the flower. The bundles are sometimes obscure but each contains 9 to 14 stamens. Flowering occurs from September to December and often sporadically throughout the year. Flowering is followed by fruit which are woody capsules, 3.8–4.8 mm (0.1–0.2 in) long and 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) in diameter.[3][4][5][6][7]

Taxonomy and naming

[edit]

This species was first formally described in 1788 by Joseph Gaertner, who gave it the name Metrosideros viminalis in De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum.[8][9] In 1984, Norman Brice Byrnes transferred the species to Melaleuca as M. viminalis in the journal Austrobaileya.[1][10]

In 2009, Lyndley Craven described Melaleuca viminalis subsp. rhodendron in the journal Novon, and the name, and that of the autonym are accepted by Plants of the World Online:

  • Melaleuca viminalis subsp. rhododendron Craven,[11] a single-stemmed tree growing to 35 metres (100 ft) high, that flowers mostly in September and October, and occurs only in the Injune district in Queensland.[3][12]
  • Melaleuca viminalis (Sol. ex Gaertn.) Byrnes subsp. viminalis,[13] is a multi-trunked shrub or small tree growing to 15 metres (50 ft) high and which often flowers throughout the year;[3][12]

The specific epithet (viminalis) means "having long, slender branches".[3]

The Australian Plant Census regards Metrosideros viminalis, Melaleuca viminalis, Melaleuca viminalis subsp. viminalis and Callistemon viminalis subsp. viminalis as synonyms of Callistemon viminalis.[14]

Distribution and habitat

[edit]

This melaleuca occurs along the eastern part of Queensland from the Cape York Peninsula south to Moree and Grafton in New South Wales. There are also disjunct populations in the far north and south-west of Western Australia. It mostly grows in and along watercourses, mainly in sandstone or granite country.[3][4][15]

Ecology

[edit]

Melaleuca viminalis provides food for nectivores. Its adaptations to survive strong currents during flood events allow it to slow the flow of floodwater and reduce erosion, thereby improving the water quality in streams and rivers. The matted roots of this species also strengthen the soil of riverbanks, further reducing the potential for erosion.[16]

Use in horticulture

[edit]

A widely grown garden plant and street tree, usually known as Callistemon viminalis, Melaleuca viminalis is a hardy species in most soils when grown in full sun. It is useful as a screening plant and is suitable for planting as a street tree.[17] It needs regular watering but can survive drought as a mature plant although it is not frost hardy and will succumb to salt spray.[6][7]

Many cultivars of this species have been developed as cultivars of Callistemon.[7] They include:

  • C. viminalis 'Captain Cook';
  • C. viminalis 'Rose Opal';
  • C. viminalis 'Dawson River Weeper';
  • C. viminalis 'Hannah Ray';
  • C. viminalis 'Prolific';
  • C. viminalis 'Hen Camp Creek';
  • C. viminalis 'Wild River'.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "Melaleuca viminalis". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 14 September 2021.
  2. ^ Udovicic, Frank; Spencer, Roger (2012). "New combinations in Callistemon (Myrtaceae)" (PDF). Muelleria. 30 (1): 23–25. doi:10.5962/p.292240. S2CID 251007557. Retrieved 31 May 2015.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Brophy, Joseph J.; Craven, Lyndley A.; Doran, John C. (2013). Melaleucas : their botany, essential oils and uses. Canberra: Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research. pp. 378–379. ISBN 9781922137517.
  4. ^ a b c Spencer, Roger; Lumley, Peter. "Callistemon viminalis". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney: Plantnet. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
  5. ^ a b F.A.Zich; B.P.M.Hyland; T.Whiffen; R.A.Kerrigan (2020). "Melaleuca viminalis". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants Edition 8 (RFK8). Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
  6. ^ a b c "Callistemon viminalis". Australian Native Plants Society Australia. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
  7. ^ a b c d Jackson, Ron. "Callistemon viminalis". Australian National Botanic Garden. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
  8. ^ "Metrosideros viminalis". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  9. ^ Gaertner, Joseph (1788). De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum. Stuttgart. p. 171. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  10. ^ Byrnes, Norman B. (1984). "A Revision of Melaleuca L. (Myrtaceae) in Northern and Eastern Australia, 1". Austrobaileya. 2 (1): 75. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  11. ^ "Melaleuca viminalis subsp. rhododendron". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  12. ^ a b Craven, Lyn A. (2009). "Melaleuca (Myrtaceae) from Australia". Novon. 19: 449. doi:10.3417/2007008. S2CID 85017631. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  13. ^ "Melaleuca viminalis subsp. viminalis". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  14. ^ "Callistemon viminalis". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  15. ^ "Melaleuca viminalis". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  16. ^ "Weeping bottlebrush" (PDF). Ipswich City Council. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
  17. ^ Wrigley, John W.; Fagg, Murray (1983). Australian native plants : a manual for their propagation, cultivation and use in landscaping (2nd ed.). Sydney: Collins. p. 194. ISBN 0002165759.
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