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{{Short description|Species of moth}}
{{Taxobox
{{Speciesbox
| name = Five-spot Burnet
| name = Five-spot burnet
⚫
| image = Zygaena trifolii.jpg
| image = Five-spot burnet moth (Zygaena trifolii).jpg
| image_caption =
| image_caption = At [[Strumpshaw Fen]], [[Norfolk]]
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
⚫
| taxon = Zygaena trifolii
| phylum = [[Arthropod]]a
⚫
| authority = ([[Eugenius Johann Christoph Esper|Esper]], 1783)
| classis = [[Insect]]a
| synonyms =
| ordo = [[Lepidoptera]]
*''Sphinx trifolii'' <small>Esper, 1783</small>
| familia = [[Zygaenidae]]
*''Zygaena trifolii vindilisensis'' <small>Leraut, 2012</small>
| genus = [[Zygaena (genus)|''Zygaena'']]
| species = ''Z. trifolii''
⚫
| binomial = ''Zygaena trifolii''
⚫
| binomial_authority = [[Eugenius Johann Christoph Esper|Esper]], 1783
}}
}}


'''''Zygaena trifolii''''', the '''five-spot burnet''', is a day-flying [[moth]] in the family [[Zygaenidae]] found in North Africa and Europe. It was [[Species description|described by]] the German [[Zoology|zoologist]] [[Eugenius Johann Christoph Esper]] in 1783 from the [[type specimen]] found in [[Frankfurt am Main]], Germany.
The '''five-spot burnet''' ('''''Zygaena trifolii''''') is a [[moth]] in the family [[Zygaenidae]].


==Description==
⚫
[[Category:Zygaena]]
The [[wingspan]] is 28–33&nbsp;mm. Adults are on wing from the mid-June to the beginning of August in one generation per year.
<gallery mode=packed heights="140px">
(MHNT) Zygaena trifolii - Chrastava Tchéquie - male dorsal.jpg|♂
(MHNT) Zygaena trifolii - Chrastava Tchéquie - male ventral.jpg|♂ △
(MHNT) Zygaena trifolii - Chrastava Tchéquie - female dorsal.jpg|♀
(MHNT) Zygaena trifolii - Chrastava Tchéquie - female ventral.jpg|♀ △
⚫
Zygaena trifolii larva.jpg|Larva
</gallery>


;Ovum
{{Zygaenidae-stub}}
Eggs are pale yellow and deposited in several layers to form an irregularly shaped batch.<ref name="mbgbi">{{cite book |last1=Tremewan |first1=W G |editor1-last=Heath |editor1-first=John |editor2-last=Maitland Emmet |editor2-first=A |editor1-link=John Heath (entomologist) |editor2-link=A. Maitland Emmet |title=Zygaenidae. In The Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland |date=1985 |publisher=Harley Books |location=Colchester |isbn=0-946589-19-4 |pages=110–11}}</ref>


;Larvae
[[de:Sumpfhornklee-Widderchen]]
The larvae feed on the leaves of greater bird's-foot trefoil (''[[Lotus uliginosus]]'') and bird's-foot trefoil (''[[Lotus corniculatus]]''). The species overwinters in the larval stage and may overwinter twice.<ref name="mbgbi"/>
⚫
[[la:Zygaena trifolii]]

[[hu:Ritka csüngőlepke]]
;Pupa
[[nl:Vijfvlek-sint-jansvlinder]]
The pupa is shiny, black or blackish-brown and 10–18&nbsp;mm long. Pupation of subsp ''descreta'' takes place in June and July in a cocoon which is spun high on marsh vegetation such as soft rush (''[[Juncus effusus]]''). Pupation of subsp ''palustrella'' takes place close to the ground and concealed amongst grass and other herbage in late-April to May. The cocoon is fusiform, irregularly ribbed and ranges from dirty white to creamy-white to bright yellow.<ref name="mbgbi"/>
[[pl:Kraśnik pięcioplamek]]

[[vi:Zygaena trifolii]]
===Subspecies===
Distributions where known.<ref name="ame">{{cite book |last1=Emmet |first1=A Maitland |author1-link=A. Maitland Emmet |title=The Scientific Names of the British Lepidoptera. Their history and meaning |date=1991 |publisher=[[Harley Books]] |location=Colchester |isbn=0-946589-35-6 |page=52}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=''Zygaena'' (''Zygaena'') ''trifolii'' (Esper, 1783) |url=http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:faunaeur.org:taxname:440575 |website=PESI portal |access-date=18 February 2024}}</ref>
{{Div col}}
⚫
*''Zygaena trifolii trifolii''
*''Zygaena trifolii barcelonensis'' <small>Reiss, 1922</small>
*''Zygaena trifolii caerulescens'' <small>Oberthur, 1910</small>
*''Zygaena trifolii decreta'' <small>Verity, 1925</small> (Great Britain)
*''Zygaena trifolii duponcheliana'' <small>Oberthur, 1910 </small>
*''Zygaena trifolii espunnica'' <small>Reiss, 1936</small>
*''Zygaena trifolii hibera'' <small>Verity, 1925</small>
*''Zygaena trifolii lusitaniaemixta'' <small>Verity, 1930</small>
*''Zygaena trifolii olbiana'' <small>Oberthur, 1910</small>
*''Zygaena trifolii palustrella'' <small> Verity, 1925</small> (Great Britain)
*''Zygaena trifolii palustris'' <small>Oberthur, 1896</small>
*''Zygaena trifolii pusilla'' <small>Oberthur, 1910</small>
*''Zygaena trifolii subsyracusia'' <small>Verity, 1925</small>
*''Zygaena trifolii syracusia'' <small>Zeller, 1847</small> (the [[Channel Islands]] and the coastal regions of north-western France from [[Loire-Atlantique]] to [[Côtes-d'Armor]] and [[Ille-et-Vilaine]])
{{Div col end}}

==Distribution==
It is found in [[North Africa]] ([[Algeria]], [[Morocco]] and [[Tunisia]] through the western [[Mediterranean]], [[Great Britain]] and central Europe to [[Ukraine]]. It is not found in [[Scandinavia]].<ref name="mbgbi"/><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150518072203/http://www.faunaeur.org/full_results.php?id=440575 Fauna Europaea]</ref>

==Taxonomy==
The [[Denmark|Danish]] [[Zoology|zoologist]], [[Johan Christian Fabricius]] initially raised the name ''Zygaena'' as the name for the fourth section of [[Carl Linnaeus]] classification of the moths and it was initially a family rather than a genus; containing 72 species of diverse moths. The first of the moths listed was ''filipendulae'' (the six-spot burnet), which may be the reason when ''Zygaena'' was relegated to genus level, it became associated with the burnets. The name has no relation to the actual moths, coming from the Greek ''zugaina'' and means a hammer-headed shark. The specific name ''trifolii'', is from ''Trifolium'' – the [[clover]] genus, which are not larval food plants. The species has been divided into fourteen [[sub-species]]; [[A. Maitland Emmet|Maitland Emmet]] gives meanings for the two subsp found in the UK. Subsp ''decreta'' was named by [[Ruggero Verity]], from ''decretus'' – past part, or ''decerno'' – to separate, possibly to separate it from subsp ''palustrella''. Subsp ''palustrella'' also named by Verity from ''paluster'' or ''palustris'' – belonging to a marsh; probably to indicate affinity with the Continental subsp ''palustris''. The problem with the name is subsp ''palustrella'' occurs on dry [[downland]], while subsp ''decreta'' occurs on marshes.<ref name="ame"/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Verity |first1=R |title=Zygaenae, Grypocera and Rhopalocera of the Cottian Alps compared with other races. |journal=The Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation |date=1926 |volume=38 |pages=120–6}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://ukmoths.org.uk/species/zygaena-trifolii/ Five-spot burnet on UKmoths (Ian Kimber: Guide to the moths of Great Britain and Ireland)]
* [http://www.leps.it/indexjs.htm?SpeciesPages/ZygaeTrifo.htm Moths and Butterflies of Europe and North Africa]
* [http://www.lepiforum.de/cgi-bin/lepiwiki.pl?Zygaena_Trifolii Lepiforum.de]
* [http://www.schmetterling-raupe.de/art/trifolii_zygaena.htm schmetterling-raupe]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1087286}}

⚫
[[Category:Zygaena]]
[[Category:Moths described in 1783]]
[[Category:Moths of Europe]]
[[Category:Moths of Africa]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Eugenius Johann Christoph Esper]]

Latest revision as of 04:59, 19 June 2024

Five-spot burnet
At Strumpshaw Fen, Norfolk
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Zygaenidae
Genus: Zygaena
Species:
Z. trifolii
Binomial name
Zygaena trifolii
(Esper, 1783)
Synonyms
  • Sphinx trifolii Esper, 1783
  • Zygaena trifolii vindilisensis Leraut, 2012

Zygaena trifolii, the five-spot burnet, is a day-flying moth in the family Zygaenidae found in North Africa and Europe. It was described by the German zoologist Eugenius Johann Christoph Esper in 1783 from the type specimen found in Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Description

[edit]

The wingspan is 28–33 mm. Adults are on wing from the mid-June to the beginning of August in one generation per year.

  • ♂
    ♂
  • ♂ △
    ♂ △
  • ♀
    ♀
  • ♀ △
    ♀ △
  • Larva
    Larva
Ovum

Eggs are pale yellow and deposited in several layers to form an irregularly shaped batch.[1]

Larvae

The larvae feed on the leaves of greater bird's-foot trefoil (Lotus uliginosus) and bird's-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus). The species overwinters in the larval stage and may overwinter twice.[1]

Pupa

The pupa is shiny, black or blackish-brown and 10–18 mm long. Pupation of subsp descreta takes place in June and July in a cocoon which is spun high on marsh vegetation such as soft rush (Juncus effusus). Pupation of subsp palustrella takes place close to the ground and concealed amongst grass and other herbage in late-April to May. The cocoon is fusiform, irregularly ribbed and ranges from dirty white to creamy-white to bright yellow.[1]

Subspecies

[edit]

Distributions where known.[2][3]

  • Zygaena trifolii trifolii
  • Zygaena trifolii barcelonensis Reiss, 1922
  • Zygaena trifolii caerulescens Oberthur, 1910
  • Zygaena trifolii decreta Verity, 1925 (Great Britain)
  • Zygaena trifolii duponcheliana Oberthur, 1910
  • Zygaena trifolii espunnica Reiss, 1936
  • Zygaena trifolii hibera Verity, 1925
  • Zygaena trifolii lusitaniaemixta Verity, 1930
  • Zygaena trifolii olbiana Oberthur, 1910
  • Zygaena trifolii palustrella Verity, 1925 (Great Britain)
  • Zygaena trifolii palustris Oberthur, 1896
  • Zygaena trifolii pusilla Oberthur, 1910
  • Zygaena trifolii subsyracusia Verity, 1925
  • Zygaena trifolii syracusia Zeller, 1847 (the Channel Islands and the coastal regions of north-western France from Loire-Atlantique to Côtes-d'Armor and Ille-et-Vilaine)

Distribution

[edit]

It is found in North Africa (Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia through the western Mediterranean, Great Britain and central Europe to Ukraine. It is not found in Scandinavia.[1][4]

Taxonomy

[edit]

The Danish zoologist, Johan Christian Fabricius initially raised the name Zygaena as the name for the fourth section of Carl Linnaeus classification of the moths and it was initially a family rather than a genus; containing 72 species of diverse moths. The first of the moths listed was filipendulae (the six-spot burnet), which may be the reason when Zygaena was relegated to genus level, it became associated with the burnets. The name has no relation to the actual moths, coming from the Greek zugaina and means a hammer-headed shark. The specific name trifolii, is from Trifolium – the clover genus, which are not larval food plants. The species has been divided into fourteen sub-species; Maitland Emmet gives meanings for the two subsp found in the UK. Subsp decreta was named by Ruggero Verity, from decretus – past part, or decerno – to separate, possibly to separate it from subsp palustrella. Subsp palustrella also named by Verity from paluster or palustris – belonging to a marsh; probably to indicate affinity with the Continental subsp palustris. The problem with the name is subsp palustrella occurs on dry downland, while subsp decreta occurs on marshes.[2][5]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Tremewan, W G (1985). Heath, John; Maitland Emmet, A (eds.). Zygaenidae. In The Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland. Colchester: Harley Books. pp. 110–11. ISBN 0-946589-19-4.
  2. ^ a b Emmet, A Maitland (1991). The Scientific Names of the British Lepidoptera. Their history and meaning. Colchester: Harley Books. p. 52. ISBN 0-946589-35-6.
  3. ^ "Zygaena (Zygaena) trifolii (Esper, 1783)". PESI portal. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  4. ^ Fauna Europaea
  5. ^ Verity, R (1926). "Zygaenae, Grypocera and Rhopalocera of the Cottian Alps compared with other races". The Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation. 38: 120–6.
[edit]
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