John Webb (architect): Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|English architect and scholar}} |
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[[File:Gunnersbury House.jpg|thumb|The original [[Gunnersbury House]] around 1750 (now demolished)]] |
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'''John Webb''' (1611 – 24 October 1672) was an [[England|English]] [[architect]] and scholar. |
'''John Webb''' (1611 – 24 October 1672) was an [[England|English]] [[architect]] and scholar, who collaborated on some works with [[Inigo Jones]]. |
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==Life== |
==Life== |
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He was born in Little Britain, Smithfield London<ref>{{cite book|first=John|last= Bold|page =2|title= John Webb: Architectural Theory and Practice in the Seventeenth Century|year=1989|publisher= [[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref> and died in Butleigh in |
He was born in [[Little Britain, London|Little Britain]], Smithfield, London,<ref>{{cite book|first=John|last= Bold|page =2|title= John Webb: Architectural Theory and Practice in the Seventeenth Century|year=1989|publisher= [[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref> and died in [[Butleigh]] in Somerset. He had a close association with fellow architect and theatre designer [[Inigo Jones]], for whom he worked as an assistant from 1628.<ref name=":0">Giles Worsley, ''Inigo Jones and the European Classical Tradition'' (Yale, 2007), p. 177.</ref> In the 1640s and 1650s, Jones and Webb jointly designed [[Wilton House]] (near [[Salisbury, England|Salisbury]], Wiltshire) with its distinctive Single and Double Cube rooms.<ref>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1023762|desc=Wilton House|access-date=30 May 2021}}</ref><ref name=chamber>{{cite web|title=The Chamber of Demonstrations|url=http://www.bristol.ac.uk/drama/jacobean/research4.html|publisher=University of Bristol|access-date=29 October 2015}}</ref> |
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Webb's earliest known drawings were made for the [[Worshipful_Company_of_Barbers#Barber-Surgeons'_Hall_and_Arms|Barber Surgeons' Hall]] in London in 1636–7, and in 1638 he designed a lodge for John Penruddock at [[Hale, Hampshire|Hale]] in Hampshire and stables for a Mr Featherstone, but it is unclear if these were built.<ref name=":0" /> |
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| ⚫ | At the beginning of the [[English Civil War]], |
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| ⚫ | At the beginning of the [[English Civil War|Civil War]], Jones left London to attend the King at Oxford. He was later in [[Basing House]] and was captured at the end of the [[Third siege of Basing House|siege]]. Webb stayed in London, having been appointed Deputy Surveyor by Jones. He acted as a spy for [[Charles I of England|Charles I]], probably out of zeal rather than by appointment, and sent the plans of London's [[Lines of Communication (London)|Lines of Communication]] (new fortifications) together with the number and location of the newly mounted guns. |
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In 1649 Webb made a number of drawings for [[Durham House, London|Durham House]], an unrealised project for a townhouse for the [[Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke|Earl of Pembroke]] on the [[Strand, London|Strand]]. In one drawing the emphasised keystones of the entrance and ground floor windows recall an early design by Jones for the Queen's House.<ref>Giles Worsley, ''Inigo Jones and the European Classical Tradition'' (Yale, 2007), pp. 178-181.</ref> |
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Upon Jones' death in 1652, Webb inherited a substantial fortune as well as a library of drawings and designs, many of which dated back to Jones' influential travels to Italy.<ref name=chamber/> |
Upon Jones' death in 1652, Webb inherited a substantial fortune as well as a library of drawings and designs, many of which dated back to Jones' influential travels to Italy.<ref name=chamber/> |
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In 1654 Webb designed the first [[classicism|classical]] [[portico]] on an [[English country house]], at [[The Vyne]] in |
In 1654 Webb designed the first [[classicism|classical]] [[portico]] on an [[English country house]], at [[The Vyne]] in Hampshire.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Vyne, Hampshire|url=http://www.theheritagetrail.co.uk/manor%20houses/the_vyne.htm|publisher=Heritage Trail|access-date=29 October 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928043649/http://www.theheritagetrail.co.uk/manor%20houses/the_vyne.htm|archive-date=28 September 2015}}</ref> In the [[Corinthian order|Corinthian]] style, this portico stamps this older house as [[Palladian architecture|Palladian]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Palladio and English-American Palladianism|url=http://www.palladiancenter.org/timeline-Palladianism.html|publisher=Center for Palladian Studies in America|access-date=29 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091023050942/http://www.palladiancenter.org/timeline-Palladianism.html|archive-date=23 October 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> 50 years before the birth of [[Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington|Lord Burlington]]. |
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In the early 1660s Charles II commissioned Webb to rebuild [[Greenwich Palace]] in a more contemporary Baroque style.<ref name=smith>{{cite book|last1=Smith|first1=Kendra Schank|title=Architect's Drawings|date=2006|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781136429583|page=55|url=https://books.google. |
In the early 1660s Charles II commissioned Webb to rebuild [[Greenwich Palace]] in a more contemporary Baroque style.<ref name=smith>{{cite book|last1=Smith|first1=Kendra Schank|title=Architect's Drawings|date=2006|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781136429583|page=55|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rmwABAAAQBAJ&q=John+Webb+%28architect%29+Lines+of+Communication&pg=PA55}}</ref> His plan was for three ranges around a courtyard, open on the north side towards the Thames. The buildings were to be aligned with Inigo Jones' [[Queen's House]], which stands a little way further south from the river, just short of the current northern boundary of [[Greenwich Park]]. The old buildings were demolished, but only one block of Webb's design was built; constructed between 1664 and 1669, it was never occupied by the royal family, and was later incorporated into Christopher Wren's designs for [[Greenwich Hospital (London)|Greenwich Hospital]], where it forms the eastern part of the King Charles Block.<ref name=BoESouth>{{cite book |last1=Cherry |first1= Bridget |last2=Pevsner |first2=Nikolaus |title=London 2: South |series=The Buildings of England |year=1990 |orig-year=1983 |publisher=Penguin Books |location=London |isbn=978-0140710472 |page=259 }}</ref> Webb also designed the enlargement of the Queen's House in 1662. |
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Further afield they also share a connection with [[Kingston Lacy]], a stately home in |
Further afield they also share a connection with [[Kingston Lacy]], a stately home in Dorset where Webb supervised early works (c. 1660) on the building, following designs originally prepared by Jones.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kingston Lacy|url=http://openbuildings.com/buildings/kingston-lacy-profile-6585|publisher=Open Buildings|access-date=29 October 2015}}</ref> |
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Webb also designed the rebuild of [[Belvoir Castle]] in |
Webb also designed the rebuild of [[Belvoir Castle]] in Leicestershire between 1654 and 1668,<ref>{{NHLE|desc=Belvior Castle|num=1000957|accessdate=29 October 2015|fewer-links=yes}}</ref> and made alterations to [[Northumberland House]], a large London townhouse. He also designed [[Gunnersbury Park|Gunnersbury House]] in [[Ealing]].<ref name=smith/> His buildings and architectural drawings differ from those of Inigo Jones particularly in the use of [[Rustication (architecture)|rustication]], a contrast in texture which is less frequently seen in Jones' work.<ref>Giles Worsley, ''Inigo Jones and the European Classical Tradition'' (Yale, 2007), p. 178.</ref> |
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== Legacy == |
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Webb's surviving drawings, more than 200 in number, are held by [[Worcester College, Oxford]], the [[Royal Institute of British Architects]] (RIBA), and [[Chatsworth House]]. Webb may have been working towards a publication on the [[classical orders]].<ref name=":0" /> An unbuilt design for a theatre attributed to Webb, discovered in the library of Worcester College, Oxford, was used as the basis for the [[Sam Wanamaker Playhouse]] in London, opened in 2014. |
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==Scholarship== |
==Scholarship== |
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Webb collaborated with Inigo Jones and [[Walter Charleton]] to produce a book about [[Stonehenge]]. Ten years later, he published his own ''Vindication of Stone-henge Restored''. |
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===Sinology=== |
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[[File:Map of China, Webb (1678).png|thumb|right|Map of China from the 1678 ''The Antiquity of China'', a posthumous reprint]] |
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| ⚫ | Following the restoration, there was growing interest in China and its culture. Several books were published in the 1660s in England. In 1669, Webb brought out ''An historical essay endeavoring a probability that the language of the Empire of China is the [[Adamic language|primitive language]]'', the first treatise on the [[Chinese language]] in any European language. Having never visited China or mastered the language, he based his essay on the travelogues of [[Jesuit]] missionaries.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mortmer|first1=Sarah|last2=Robertson|first2=John|title=The Intellectual Consequences of Religious Heterodoxy, 1600-1750|date=2012|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9789004221468|pages=136–139|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1Ku4aYnamEIC&q=John+Webb+An+historical+essay+endeavoring+a+probability+that+the+language+of+the+Empire+of+China&pg=PA136}}</ref> |
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==Gallery of architectural works== |
==Gallery of architectural works== |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Webb, John}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Webb, John}} |
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[[Category:17th-century English architects]] |
[[Category:17th-century English architects]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Architects from Somerset]] |
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[[Category:1611 births]] |
[[Category:1611 births]] |
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[[Category:1672 deaths]] |
[[Category:1672 deaths]] |
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Latest revision as of 13:11, 1 July 2024
John Webb | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1611 |
| Died | 24 October 1672 Butleigh Court, Butleigh, Somerset |
| Nationality | English |
| Occupation | Architect |
| Buildings | Wilton House |
John Webb (1611 – 24 October 1672) was an English architect and scholar, who collaborated on some works with Inigo Jones.
Life
[edit]He was born in Little Britain, Smithfield, London,[1] and died in Butleigh in Somerset. He had a close association with fellow architect and theatre designer Inigo Jones, for whom he worked as an assistant from 1628.[2] In the 1640s and 1650s, Jones and Webb jointly designed Wilton House (near Salisbury, Wiltshire) with its distinctive Single and Double Cube rooms.[3][4]
Webb's earliest known drawings were made for the Barber Surgeons' Hall in London in 1636–7, and in 1638 he designed a lodge for John Penruddock at Hale in Hampshire and stables for a Mr Featherstone, but it is unclear if these were built.[2]
At the beginning of the Civil War, Jones left London to attend the King at Oxford. He was later in Basing House and was captured at the end of the siege. Webb stayed in London, having been appointed Deputy Surveyor by Jones. He acted as a spy for Charles I, probably out of zeal rather than by appointment, and sent the plans of London's Lines of Communication (new fortifications) together with the number and location of the newly mounted guns.
In 1649 Webb made a number of drawings for Durham House, an unrealised project for a townhouse for the Earl of Pembroke on the Strand. In one drawing the emphasised keystones of the entrance and ground floor windows recall an early design by Jones for the Queen's House.[5]
Upon Jones' death in 1652, Webb inherited a substantial fortune as well as a library of drawings and designs, many of which dated back to Jones' influential travels to Italy.[4]
In 1654 Webb designed the first classical portico on an English country house, at The Vyne in Hampshire.[6] In the Corinthian style, this portico stamps this older house as Palladian,[7] 50 years before the birth of Lord Burlington.
In the early 1660s Charles II commissioned Webb to rebuild Greenwich Palace in a more contemporary Baroque style.[8] His plan was for three ranges around a courtyard, open on the north side towards the Thames. The buildings were to be aligned with Inigo Jones' Queen's House, which stands a little way further south from the river, just short of the current northern boundary of Greenwich Park. The old buildings were demolished, but only one block of Webb's design was built; constructed between 1664 and 1669, it was never occupied by the royal family, and was later incorporated into Christopher Wren's designs for Greenwich Hospital, where it forms the eastern part of the King Charles Block.[9] Webb also designed the enlargement of the Queen's House in 1662.
Further afield they also share a connection with Kingston Lacy, a stately home in Dorset where Webb supervised early works (c. 1660) on the building, following designs originally prepared by Jones.[10]
Webb also designed the rebuild of Belvoir Castle in Leicestershire between 1654 and 1668,[11] and made alterations to Northumberland House, a large London townhouse. He also designed Gunnersbury House in Ealing.[8] His buildings and architectural drawings differ from those of Inigo Jones particularly in the use of rustication, a contrast in texture which is less frequently seen in Jones' work.[12]
Legacy
[edit]Webb's surviving drawings, more than 200 in number, are held by Worcester College, Oxford, the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA), and Chatsworth House. Webb may have been working towards a publication on the classical orders.[2] An unbuilt design for a theatre attributed to Webb, discovered in the library of Worcester College, Oxford, was used as the basis for the Sam Wanamaker Playhouse in London, opened in 2014.
Scholarship
[edit]Webb collaborated with Inigo Jones and Walter Charleton to produce a book about Stonehenge. Ten years later, he published his own Vindication of Stone-henge Restored.
Sinology
[edit].png)
Following the restoration, there was growing interest in China and its culture. Several books were published in the 1660s in England. In 1669, Webb brought out An historical essay endeavoring a probability that the language of the Empire of China is the primitive language, the first treatise on the Chinese language in any European language. Having never visited China or mastered the language, he based his essay on the travelogues of Jesuit missionaries.[13]
Gallery of architectural works
[edit]-
Wilton House -
The portico, The Vyne -
King Charles Building, Greenwich Hospital
References
[edit]- ^ Bold, John (1989). John Webb: Architectural Theory and Practice in the Seventeenth Century. Oxford University Press. p. 2.
- ^ a b c Giles Worsley, Inigo Jones and the European Classical Tradition (Yale, 2007), p. 177.
- ^ Historic England. "Wilton House (1023762)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 30 May 2021.
- ^ a b "The Chamber of Demonstrations". University of Bristol. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
- ^ Giles Worsley, Inigo Jones and the European Classical Tradition (Yale, 2007), pp. 178-181.
- ^ "The Vyne, Hampshire". Heritage Trail. Archived from the original on 28 September 2015. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
- ^ "Palladio and English-American Palladianism". Center for Palladian Studies in America. Archived from the original on 23 October 2009. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
- ^ a b Smith, Kendra Schank (2006). Architect's Drawings. Routledge. p. 55. ISBN 9781136429583.
- ^ Cherry, Bridget; Pevsner, Nikolaus (1990) [1983]. London 2: South. The Buildings of England. London: Penguin Books. p. 259. ISBN 978-0140710472.
- ^ "Kingston Lacy". Open Buildings. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Belvior Castle (1000957)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
- ^ Giles Worsley, Inigo Jones and the European Classical Tradition (Yale, 2007), p. 178.
- ^ Mortmer, Sarah; Robertson, John (2012). The Intellectual Consequences of Religious Heterodoxy, 1600-1750. BRILL. pp. 136–139. ISBN 9789004221468.
External links
[edit]- . Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
- The National Trust's history of The Vyne
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