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The Bruckner rhythm is a 2 + 3 (duplet + triplet) or 3 + 2 rhythm in Anton Bruckner's symphonic music, where it occurs prevalently,^[1]^[2] and in many different ways.^[3]

One example is in the main theme of the first movement of Symphony No. 4, from bars 43 forward:^[4]

${ \new PianoStaff << \new Staff \relative es' { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"piano" \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \stemUp \tempo 2 = 55 \clef "tenor" \key es \major \time 2/2 es4 _\markup{ \italic {marc.} } \ff bes4 \times 2/3 { as4 g4 f4 } | % 2 es4 r4 r2 } >> }$

Bruckner also used the rhythm with a single pitch repeated, and this is the only way it occurs in Symphony No. 2 (e.g., bars 20 and 122).^[5] In Symphony No. 6, the Bruckner rhythm occurs to a much greater extent than in previous works, in several parts at slightly different times. At first it occurs as a string ostinato high in the violins' range against a melody of different rhythm in the cellos (bar 3),^[6] while at bars 195–209 it serves to articulate hexatonic cycle block chords.^[7] The rhythm occurs in somewhat more "manageable" form in the secondary theme group of Symphony No. 8, where it usually occurs in the same way in all the parts.

${ \new PianoStaff << \new Staff { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"piano" \key c \minor \clef treble \time 2/2 \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \stemUp \tempo 2 = 55 <> \p<> ^\markup \italic {"Breit und ausdrucksvoll" } d'4( e') \tuplet 3/2 { fis' g' a' } b'2 cis'4 d' ees'( f') \tuplet 3/2 { g' a' b' } b'( c'') c''2 } \new Staff << \new Voice \relative c' { \stemUp \clef bass \key c \minor \time 2/2 b1~ b2 b2 b2. d4 ees2. r4 } \new Voice \relative c { \stemDown <g d'>1~ <g d'>2 <g f'>2 <g ees'>2. <gis f'>4 <a ges'>2. r4 } >> >> }$

The Bruckner rhythm also occurs in the works of other composers, such as in Howard Hanson's Romantic Symphony, where it occurs mostly in the horns' and trumpets' parts.

References

^ Milton John Cross & David Ewen, Encyclopedia of the Great Composers and Their Music. New York: Doubleday (1962): 158. "The second element is a rhythmic pattern so often employed by the composer that it is known as the "Bruckner rhythm."
^ Hans-Hubert Schönzeler (1978). Bruckner. London: Marion Boyars Publishers. p. 59.
^ John Williamson, "The Brucknerian symphony: an overview", The Cambridge Companion to Bruckner, ed. John Williamson. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press (2004): 79. "Yet even so instantly recognizable a rhythmic tic can be used with great variety."
^ Benjamin Korstvedt [fr], "Aspects of Bruckner's approach to symphonic form" The Cambridge Companion to Bruckner, ed. John Williamson. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press (2004): 186.
^ Derek Watson, Bruckner. New York: Schuster & Macmillan (1997): 81
^ (Williamson, 2004): 79
^ Kevin Swinden, "Bruckner and harmony" The Cambridge Companion to Bruckner, ed. John Williamson. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press (2004): 222. "The orchestral texture through this passage is thick, articulating block chords in the 'Bruckner-rhythm' that characterizes the movement, supporting a reprise of the first theme of the symphony."

External links

Symphonie No. 2 de Bruckner: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
Time analysis Symphony No. 2, William Carragan
Symphonie No. 4 de Bruckner: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
Time analysis Symphony No. 4, William Carragan
Symphonie No. 6 de Bruckner: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
Time analysis Symphony No. 6, William Carragan
Free scores by Symphonie No. 8 de Bruckner at the International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP)
Time analysis Symphony No. 8, William Carragan

[1] Milton John Cross & David Ewen, Encyclopedia of the Great Composers and Their Music. New York: Doubleday (1962): 158. "The second element is a rhythmic pattern so often employed by the composer that it is known as the "Bruckner rhythm."

[2] Hans-Hubert Schönzeler (1978). Bruckner. London: Marion Boyars Publishers. p. 59.

[3] John Williamson, "The Brucknerian symphony: an overview", The Cambridge Companion to Bruckner, ed. John Williamson. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press (2004): 79. "Yet even so instantly recognizable a rhythmic tic can be used with great variety."

[4] Benjamin Korstvedt [fr], "Aspects of Bruckner's approach to symphonic form" The Cambridge Companion to Bruckner, ed. John Williamson. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press (2004): 186.

[5] Derek Watson, Bruckner. New York: Schuster & Macmillan (1997): 81

[6] (Williamson, 2004): 79

[7] Kevin Swinden, "Bruckner and harmony" The Cambridge Companion to Bruckner, ed. John Williamson. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press (2004): 222. "The orchestral texture through this passage is thick, articulating block chords in the 'Bruckner-rhythm' that characterizes the movement, supporting a reprise of the first theme of the symphony."

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-The '''Bruckner rhythm''' is a 2 + 3 (duplet + triplet) or 3 + 2 rhythm in [[Anton Bruckner]]'s symphonic [[music]], where it occurs prevalently,<ref>Milton John Cross & David Ewen, ''Encyclopedia of the Great Composers and Their Music''. New York: Doubleday (1962): 158. "The second element is a rhythmic pattern so often employed by the composer that it is known as the "Bruckner rhythm."</ref><ref>p. 59, Hubert-Schönzeler (1978) Hans. London ''Bruckner'' Marion Boyars Publishers Ltd.</ref> and in many different, varied ways.<ref>John Williamson, "The Brucknerian symphony: an overview" ''The Cambridge Companion to Bruckner'', ed. John Williamson. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press (2004): 79. "Yet even so instantly recognizable a rhythmic tic can be used with great variety."</ref>
+The '''Bruckner rhythm''' is a 2 + 3 ([[Tuplet|duplet + triplet]]) or 3 + 2 [[rhythm]] in [[Anton Bruckner]]'s symphonic music, where it occurs prevalently,<ref>[[Milton Cross|Milton John Cross]] & David Ewen, ''Encyclopedia of the Great Composers and Their Music''. New York: Doubleday (1962): 158. "The second element is a rhythmic pattern so often employed by the composer that it is known as the "Bruckner rhythm."</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=[[Hans-Hubert Schönzeler]]|title=Bruckner|year=1978|page=59|location=London|publisher=Marion Boyars Publishers}}</ref> and in many different ways.<ref>[[John Williamson (musicologist)|John Williamson]], "The Brucknerian symphony: an overview", [[Cambridge Companions to Music|''The Cambridge Companion to Bruckner'']], ed. John Williamson. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press (2004): 79. "Yet even so instantly recognizable a rhythmic tic can be used with great variety."</ref>
-One example is in the main theme of the first movement of his [[Symphony No. 4 (Bruckner)|Symphony No. 4 in E-flat major]], from bars 43 forward:<ref>Benjamin Korstvedt, "Aspects of Bruckner's approach to symphonic form" ''The Cambridge Companion to Bruckner'', ed. John Williamson. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press (2004): 186.</ref>
+One example is in the main theme of the first movement of [[Symphony No. 4 (Bruckner)|Symphony No. 4]], from [[bar (music)|bars]] 43 forward:<ref>{{ill|Benjamin Korstvedt|fr}}, "Aspects of Bruckner's approach to symphonic form" ''The Cambridge Companion to Bruckner'', ed. John Williamson. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press (2004): 186.</ref>
+<score sound="1">
-[[Image:BrucknerRhythmInSym4.png]]
+{ \new PianoStaff <<
+\new Staff \relative es' { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"piano" \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \stemUp \tempo 2 = 55 \clef "tenor" \key es \major \time 2/2
+  es4 _\markup{ \italic {marc.} } \ff bes4 \times 2/3 {
+    as4 g4 f4
+  }
+  | % 2
+  es4 r4 r2 }
+>> }
+</score>
-The Bruckner rhythm can occur separate of a melody (that is, on a single pitch), and this is the only way it occurs in the [[Symphony No. 2 (Bruckner)|Symphony No. 2 in C minor]].<ref>Derek Watson, ''Bruckner''. New York: Schuster & Macmillan (1997): 81</ref> In the [[Symphony No. 6 (Bruckner)|Symphony No. 6 in A major]] the Bruckner rhythm occurs to a much greater extent than in previous works, in several parts at slightly different times. At first it occurs as a string ostinato high in the violins' range against a melody of different rhythm in the cellos,<ref>(Williamson, 2004): 79</ref> while at bars 195 - 209 it serves to articulate hexatonic cycle block chords.<ref>Kevin Swinden, "Bruckner and harmony" ''The Cambridge Companion to Bruckner'', ed. John Williamson. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press (2004): 222. "The orchestral texture through this passage is thick, articulating block chords in the 'Bruckner-rhythm' that characterizes the movement, supporting a reprise of the first theme of the symphony."</ref> The rhythm occurs in somewhat more "manageable" form in [[Symphony No. 8 (Bruckner)|Symphony No. 8 in C minor]], where it usually occurs in the same way in all the parts.
+Bruckner also used the rhythm with a single pitch repeated, and this is the only way it occurs in [[Symphony No. 2 (Bruckner)|Symphony No. 2]] (e.g., bars 20 and 122).<ref>[[Derek Watson (actor and musicologist)|Derek Watson]], ''Bruckner''. New York: Schuster & Macmillan (1997): 81</ref> In [[Symphony No. 6 (Bruckner)|Symphony No. 6]], the Bruckner rhythm occurs to a much greater extent than in previous works, in several parts at slightly different times. At first it occurs as a string [[ostinato]] high in the violins' range against a melody of different rhythm in the cellos (bar 3),<ref>(Williamson, 2004): 79</ref> while at bars 195–209 it serves to articulate [[hexatonic]] cycle block chords.<ref>Kevin Swinden, "Bruckner and harmony" ''The Cambridge Companion to Bruckner'', ed. John Williamson. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press (2004): 222. "The orchestral texture through this passage is thick, articulating block chords in the 'Bruckner-rhythm' that characterizes the movement, supporting a reprise of the first theme of the symphony."</ref> The rhythm occurs in somewhat more "manageable" form in the secondary theme group of [[Symphony No. 8 (Bruckner)|Symphony No. 8]], where it usually occurs in the same way in all the parts.
+<score sound="1">
-[[Image:Bruckner 8 i 2nd theme.png|frame|none|The beginning of the second principal theme of the Eighth symphony's first movement: the [[Bruckner rhythm]] occurs in the melody in the first and third bars]]
+{ \new PianoStaff <<
+\new Staff { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"piano" \key c \minor \clef treble \time 2/2 \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \stemUp \tempo 2 = 55
+         <> \p<> ^\markup \italic {"Breit und ausdrucksvoll" } d'4( e') \tuplet 3/2 { fis' g' a' }
+         b'2 cis'4 d'
+         ees'( f') \tuplet 3/2 { g' a' b' }
+         b'( c'') c''2 }
+  \new Staff <<
+    \new Voice \relative c' { \stemUp \clef bass \key c \minor \time 2/2
+    b1~
+    b2 b2
+    b2. d4
+    ees2. r4 }
+    \new Voice \relative c { \stemDown
+    <g d'>1~
+    <g d'>2 <g f'>2
+    <g ees'>2. <gis f'>4
+    <a ges'>2. r4 }
+>>  >> }
+</score>
 The Bruckner rhythm also occurs in the works of other composers, such as in [[Howard Hanson]]'s [[Symphony No. 2 (Hanson)|Romantic Symphony]], where it occurs mostly in the horns' and trumpets' parts.
 ==References==
+<references />
+== External links ==
-<references/>
+* {{IMSLP|work=Symphony No.2 in C minor, WAB 102 (Bruckner, Anton)|cname=Symphonie No.&nbsp;2 de Bruckner}}
+* [https://www.abruckner.com/Data/articles/articlesEnglish/carragantimed/symphonyno2/b2timinganalysis.pdf Time analysis Symphony No. 2], [[William Carragan]]
+* {{IMSLP|work=Symphony No.4 in E-flat major, WAB 104 (Bruckner, Anton)|cname=Symphonie No.&nbsp;4 de Bruckner}}
+* [https://www.abruckner.com/Data/articles/articlesEnglish/carragantimed/symphonyno4/b4_timing_analysis.pdf Time analysis Symphony No. 4], William Carragan
+* {{IMSLP|work=Symphony No.6 in A major, WAB 106 (Bruckner, Anton)|cname=Symphonie No.&nbsp;6 de Bruckner}}
+* [https://www.abruckner.com/Data/articles/articlesEnglish/carragantimed/symphonyno6/B6_timing_analysis.pdf Time analysis Symphony No. 6], William Carragan
+* {{IMSLP|id=Symphony No.8 in C minor, WAB 108 (Bruckner, Anton)|cname=Symphonie No.&nbsp;8 de Bruckner}}
+* [https://www.abruckner.com/Data/articles/articlesEnglish/carragantimed/symphonyno8/B8_timing-analysis.pdf Time analysis Symphony No. 8], William Carragan
-[[Category:Anton Bruckner]]
+{{Anton Bruckner|state=collapsed}}
+{{Portal bar|Classical music}}
+[[Category:Anton Bruckner]]
-{{music-theory-stub}}
+[[Category:Rhythm and meter]]