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{{Short description|Genus of snakes}}
{{Short description|Genus of snakes}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Miocene|recent}}
| image = Eryx jaculus.jpg
| image = Eryx jaculus.jpg
| image_caption = Javelin sand boa, ''[[Eryx jaculus|E. jaculus]]''
| image_caption = Javelin sand boa, ''[[Eryx jaculus|E. jaculus]]''
| taxon = Eryx
| taxon = Eryx
| authority = [[François Marie Daudin|Daudin]], 1803
| authority = [[François Marie Daudin|Daudin]], 1803
| synonyms = *''Eryx'' <small>Daudin, 1803</small>
| synonyms = *''Clothonia'' <small>Daudin, 1803</small>
* ''Clothonia'' <small>Daudin, 1803</small>
*''Cusoria'' <small>[[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1849</small>
* ''Cusoria'' <small>[[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1849</small>
*''Cursoria'' <small>[[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1864</small>
* ''Cursoria'' <small>[[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1864</small>
*''Pseudogongylophis'' <small>[[species:Anatoly A. Tokar|Tokar]], 1989</small>
⚫
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="McD99">[[species:Roy Wallace McDiarmid|McDiarmid RW]], [[Jonathan A. Campbell|Campbell JA]], [[species:T'Shaka A. Touré|Touré TA]] (1999). ''Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1''. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. {{ISBN|1-893777-00-6}} (series). {{ISBN|1-893777-01-4}} (volume).</ref>
* ''Eryx'' <small>— [[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1893</small>
* ''Pseudogongylophis'' <br><small>[[A.A. Tokar|Tokar]], 1989</small>
⚫
| synonyms_ref =<ref name="McD99">[[:fr:Roy Wallace McDiarmid|McDiarmid RW]], [[Jonathan A. Campbell|Campbell JA]], Touré T (1999). ''Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1''. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. {{ISBN|1-893777-00-6}} (series). {{ISBN|1-893777-01-4}} (volume).</ref>
}}
}}


'''''Eryx''''' is a [[genus]] of nonvenomous [[Erycinae|boa]]s known as '''[[Old World]] sand boas'''.<ref name="ITIS">{{ITIS |id=209575 |taxon=''Eryx'' |accessdate=7 July 2008}}</ref> They are found in southeastern [[Europe]], northern [[Africa]], the [[Middle East]], and southwestern [[Asia]]. Nine [[species]] are currently recognized.<ref name="ITIS"/>
'''''Eryx''''' is a [[genus]] of nonvenomous [[snake]]s, [[Common name|commonly]] known as '''[[Old World]] sand boas''', in the [[subfamily]] [[Erycinae]] of the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Boidae]].<ref name="ITIS">{{ITIS |id=209575 |taxon=''Eryx'' |accessdate=7 July 2008}}</ref> [[Species]] of the genus are found in southeastern [[Europe]], northern [[Africa]], the [[Middle East]], and southwestern [[Asia]]. Thirteen species are recognized as being valid.<ref name="ITIS"/>


==Description==
==Description==
The genus ''Eryx'' has the following characters. The head is not distinct from the neck. The [[Dorsum (anatomy)|dorsal]] surface of the head is covered with small scales. The [[Rostral scale|rostral]] is large. The eyes range from small to very small, and the pupils are vertical. The anterior maxillary teeth and anterior mandibular teeth are longer than the posterior ones. The body is almost cylindrical. The [[dorsal scales]] are smooth or [[Keeled scales|keeled]]. The tail is very short, either not [[Prehensile tail|prehensile]] or only slightly prehensile. The [[subcaudal scales|subcaudals]] are undivided.<ref>[[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger GA]] (1893). ''Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume I., Containing the Families ... Boidæ ...'' London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiii + 448 pp. + Plates I-XXVIII. (Genus ''Eryx'', p. 122-123, Figure 7).</ref>
The genus ''Eryx'' has the following characters. The head is not distinct from the neck. The [[Dorsum (anatomy)|dorsal]] surface of the head is covered with small scales. The [[Rostral scale|rostral]] is large. The eyes range from small to very small, and the pupils are vertical. The anterior maxillary teeth and anterior mandibular teeth are longer than the posterior ones. The body is almost cylindrical. The [[dorsal scales]] are smooth or [[Keeled scales|keeled]]. The tail is very short, either not [[Prehensile tail|prehensile]] or only slightly prehensile. The [[subcaudal scales|subcaudals]] are undivided.<ref>[[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger GA]] (1893). ''Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume I., Containing the Families ... Boidæ'' ...'''.''' London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiii + 448 pp. + Plates I–XXVIII. (Genus ''Eryx'', p. 122–123, Figure 7).</ref>


==Distribution and habitat==
==Distribution and habitat==
Line 23: Line 22:


==Species==
==Species==
In addition to the species listed below, the genus ''Eryx'' formerly included three species which are now placed in the genus ''[[Gongylophis]]'': ''[[Gongylophis colubrinus]]'', ''[[Gongylophis conicus]]'', and ''[[Gongylophis muelleri]]''.


''[[Nota bene]]'': In the list below, a taxon author in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than ''Eryx''.
''[[Nota bene]]'': In the list below, a taxon author in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than ''Eryx''.
Line 30: Line 28:
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Species<ref name="ITIS"/>
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Species<ref name="ITIS"/>
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Taxon author<ref name="ITIS"/>
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Taxon author<ref name="ITIS"/>
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Subsp.*<ref name="ITIS"/>
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Subspecies*<ref name="ITIS"/>
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Common name
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Common name
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Geographic range<ref name="McD99"/>
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Geographic range<ref name="McD99"/>
|-
|''[[Eryx borrii]]<ref>[[species:Bo Beolens|Beolens B]], [[species:Michael Watkins|Watkins M]], [[species:Michael Grayson|Grayson M]] (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4214-0135-5}}. (''Eryx borrii'', p. 32).</ref>''
|[[Benedetto Lanza|Lanza]] & [[species:Annamaria Nistri|Nistri]], 2005
|align="center"|0
|Borri's sand boa
|style="width:40%"|Somalia
|-
|''[[Eryx colubrinus]]''[[File:Eryx colubrinus close up.jpg|frameless|250x250px]]
|([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])
|align="center"|2
|Egyptian sand boa, Kenyan sand boa
|style="width:40%"|Egypt, Sudan, South Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Tanzania, Somalia
|-
|''[[Eryx conicus]]''[[File:Russells Boa.jpg|250px]]
|([[Johann Gottlob Theaenus Schneider|Schneider]], 1801)
|align="center"|0
|Rough-tailed sand boa, common sand boa
|style="width:40%"| Pakistan, Nepal, India, Sri Lanka
|-
|-
|''[[Eryx elegans]]''
|''[[Eryx elegans]]''
Line 38: Line 54:
|align="center"|0
|align="center"|0
|Central Asian sand boa
|Central Asian sand boa
|style="width:40%"|Southern [[Turkmenistan]], northern [[Iran]] (the [[Kopet Dag]] mountains in the northeast and the [[Azerbaijan (Iran)|Azerbaijan]] region in the northwest) and [[Afghanistan]].
|style="width:40%"|Southern [[Turkmenistan]], northern [[Iran]] (the [[Kopet Dag]] Mountains in the northeast and the [[Azerbaijan (Iran)|Azerbaijan]] region in the northwest) and [[Afghanistan]]
|-
|-
|''[[Eryx jaculus]]''<span style="font-size:100%;"><sup>T</sup></span>
|''[[Eryx jaculus]]''[[File:Eryx jaculus.jpg|250px]]
|([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])
|(Linnaeus, [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])
|align="center"|0
|align="center"|0
|Javelin sand boa
|Javelin sand boa
|Eastern [[Europe]] in [[Romania]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Yugoslavia]], [[Albania]] and [[Greece]] (including [[Corfu]] and the [[Cyclades]]). The [[Caucasus]]. The [[Middle East]] in [[Syria]], [[Israel]], northeastern [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Iraq]] and [[Iran]]. [[Africa]] north of the [[Sahara]] from [[Morocco]] to [[Egypt]].
|Southern [[Italy]], Eastern [[Europe]] in [[Romania]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Yugoslavia]], [[Albania]] and [[Greece]] (including [[Corfu]] and the [[Cyclades]]). The [[Caucasus]]. The [[Middle East]] in [[Syria]], [[Israel]], northeastern [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Iraq]] and [[Iran]]. [[Africa]] north of the [[Sahara|Sahara Desert]] from [[Morocco]] to [[Egypt]].
|-
|-
|''[[Eryx jayakari]]''
|''[[Eryx jayakari]]''[[File:Eryx jayakari by Omid Mozaffari.jpg|250px]]
|[[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1888
|[[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1888
|align="center"|0
|align="center"|0
|Arabian sand boa
|Arabian sand boa
|From the east and south of the [[Arabian Peninsula]] north to [[Khūzestān Province]] in Iran.
|From the east and south of the [[Arabian Peninsula]] north to [[Khūzestān Province]] in Iran
|-
|-
|''[[Eryx johnii]]''
|''[[Eryx johnii]]''[[File:Juvenile Red Sand Boa at Chittorgarh, Rajasthan.jpg|250px]]
|([[Patrick Russell (herpetologist)|Russell]], 1801)
|([[Patrick Russell (herpetologist)|Russell]], 1801)
|align="center"|0
|align="center"|0
|Indian sand boa
|Indian sand boa
|From Iran through [[Pakistan]] into northwestern and southern [[India]].
|From Iran through [[Pakistan]] into northwestern and southern [[India]]
|-
|-
|''[[Eryx miliaris]]''
|''[[Eryx miliaris]]''[[File:BennyTrapp Eryx miliaris.jpg|250px]]
|([[Peter Simon Pallas|Pallas]], 1773)
|([[Peter Simon Pallas|Pallas]], 1773)
|align="center"|0
|align="center"|0
|Dwarf sand boa
|Dwarf sand boa
|From the northern Caucasus and the north coast of the [[Caspian Sea]] east through [[Kazakhstan]] to the north coast of the [[Aral Sea]] and [[Lake Balkhash]], though the Zaysan Valley to [[Xinjiang|Sinkiang]] in [[China]] and southern [[Mongolia]]. Also in northern and eastern Iran, Afghanistan and western Pakistan.
|From the northern Caucasus and the north coast of the [[Caspian Sea]] east through [[Kazakhstan]] to the north coast of the [[Aral Sea]] and [[Lake Balkhash]], though the Zaysan Valley to [[Xinjiang|Sinkiang]] in [[China]] and southern [[Mongolia]]. Also in northern and eastern Iran, Afghanistan and western Pakistan.
|-
|''[[Eryx muelleri]]''[[File:Eryx muelleri.jpg|frameless|250x250px]]
|(Boulenger, 1892)
|align="center"|1
|Müller’s sand boa
|Mauritania, Senegal, Gambia, Guinea, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Chad, Sudan, South Sudan, the Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, the Central African Republic
|-
|-
|''[[Eryx sistanensis]]''
|''[[Eryx sistanensis]]''
|Eskandarzadeh, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani, Zargan,<br>Hajinourmohamadi, Nazarov, Sami, Rajabizadeh, Nabizadeh, & Navaian, 2020
|[[species:Naeimeh Eskandarzadeh|Eskandarzadeh]], [[species:Nasrullah Rastegar-Pouyani|N. Rastegar-Pouyani]], [[species:Eskandar Rastegar-Pouyani|E. Rastegar-Pouyani]], [[species:Jamil Zargan|Zargan]], [[species:Ashkan Hajinourmohamadi|Hajinourmohamadi]], [[species:Roman Alekseevich Nazarov|Nazarov]], [[species:Soheil Sami|Sami]], [[species:Mehdi Rajabizadeh|Rajabizadeh]], [[species:Hossein Nabizadeh|Nabizadeh]] & [[species:Majid Navaian|Navaian]], 2020
|align="center"|0
|align="center"|0
|Sistan sand boa
|Sistan sand boa
|[[Iran]].
|[[Iran]]
|-
|-
|''[[Eryx somalicus]]''
|''[[Eryx somalicus]]''
Line 74: Line 96:
|align="center"|0
|align="center"|0
|Somali sand boa
|Somali sand boa
|[[Somalia]].
|[[Somalia]]
|-
|-
|''[[Eryx vittatus]]''
|''[[Eryx vittatus]]''
|(Chernov, 1959)
|([[:fr:Sergueï Tchernov|Chernov]], 1959)
|align="center"|0
|align="center"|0
|
|
|Northern [[Iran]], [[Tajikistan]], northern [[Afghanistan]], northern [[Pakistan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], and eastern [[China]].
|Northern [[Iran]], [[Tajikistan]], northern [[Afghanistan]], northern [[Pakistan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], and eastern [[China]]
|-
|-
|''[[Eryx whitakeri]]''
|''[[Eryx whitakeri]]''[[File:Whitaker's Boa adult.jpg|250px]]
|[[:fr:Indraneil Das|Das]], 1991
|[[:fr:Indraneil Das|Das]], 1991
|align="center"|0
|align="center"|0
|Whitaker's sand boa
|Whitaker's sand boa
|Southwestern coastal India in [[Kerala]], [[Karnataka]], [[Goa]] and southern [[Maharashtra]].
|Southwestern coastal India in [[Kerala]], [[Karnataka]], [[Goa]] and southern [[Maharashtra]]
|-
|-
|}
|}
''*) Not including the [[Nominotypical subspecies|nominate subspecies]]''<br/>
*) Not including the [[Subspecies#Nominotypical subspecies and subspecies autonyms|nominate subspecies]].
<span style="font-size:100%;"><sup>T</sup></span>) [[Type species]]<ref name="McD99"/>
<span style="font-size:100%;"><sup>T</sup></span>) [[Type species]].<ref name="McD99"/>


==Taxonomy==
=== Fossil taxa ===
Two fossil species are known. The earliest is ''[[Eryx linxiaensis|E. linxiaensis]]'' from the [[Miocene]] of [[Gansu]], [[China]], which appears to be the sister species to ''[[Eryx colubrinus]]'', suggesting several intercontinental dispersals from Africa to Eurasia during the Miocene. ''[[Eryx primitivus|E. primitivus]]'' is known from the middle [[Pliocene]] of [[Spain]], and appears to be an early offshoot of the main ''Eryx'' lineage.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shi |first=Jingsong |author-link=species:Jing-Song Shi |last2=Li |first2=Qiang |author2-link=species:Qiang Li |last3=Stidham |first3=Thomas A. |author3-link=species:Thomas Allen Stidham |last4=Zhang |first4=Chi |author4-link=species:Chi Zhang |last5=Jiangzuo |first5=Qigao |last6=Chen |first6=Mo |last7=Ni |first7=Xijun |author7-link=species:Xijun Ni |date=2023-05-01 |title=Evolutionary and biogeographic implications of an Erycine snake (Serpentes, Erycidae, ''Eryx'') from the Upper Miocene of the Linxia Basin, Gansu Province, China |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018223001098 |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=617 |pages=111491 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111491 |issn=0031-0182}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Szyndlar |first=Zbigniew |last2=Schleich |first2=Hans-Hermann |author2-link=species:Hans Hermann Schleich |date=1994-01-01 |title=Two species of the genus ''Eryx'' (Serpentes; Boidae; Erycinae) from the Spanish Neogene with comments on the past distribution of the genus in Europe |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/amre/15/3/article-p233_1.xml |journal=Amphibia-Reptilia |language=en |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=233–248 |doi=10.1163/156853894X00010 |issn=1568-5381}}</ref>
A new species, ''E. borrii'', found in [[Somalia]], was described by [[:fr:Benedetto Lanza|Lanza]] and [[Annamaria Nistri|Nistri]] (2005).<ref name="L&N05">[[:fr:Benedetto Lanza|Lanza B]], Nistri A (2005). "Somali Boidae (genus ''Eryx'' Daudin 1803) and Pythonidae (genus ''Python'' Daudin 1803) (Reptilia Serpentes)". ''Tropical Zoology'' '''18''' (1): 67-136. (''Eryx borrii'', new species, pp. 95-98, Figures 15-18)</ref> The [[Specific name (zoology)|specific name]], ''borrii'', is in honor of [[Italians|Italian]] [[Zoology|zoologist]] Marco Borri.<ref>Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4214-0135-5}}. (''Eryx borrii'', p. 32).</ref>


==References==
==References==
Line 102: Line 124:


==External links==
==External links==
* {{NRDB genus|genus=Eryx|date=7 July|year=2008}}
*{{NRDB genus|genus=Eryx|date=7 July|year=2008}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q259945}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q259945}}


[[Category:Erycinae]]
[[Category:Eryx| ]]
[[Category:Snake genera]]
[[Category:Snake genera]]
[[Category:Taxa named by François Marie Daudin]]
[[Category:Taxa named by François Marie Daudin]]

Latest revision as of 18:00, 12 July 2024

Eryx
Temporal range: Miocene–recent
Javelin sand boa, E. jaculus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Serpentes
Family: Boidae
Subfamily: Erycinae
Genus: Eryx
Daudin, 1803
Synonyms[1]
  • Clothonia Daudin, 1803
  • Cusoria Gray, 1849
  • Cursoria Günther, 1864
  • Pseudogongylophis Tokar, 1989

Eryx is a genus of nonvenomous snakes, commonly known as Old World sand boas, in the subfamily Erycinae of the family Boidae.[2] Species of the genus are found in southeastern Europe, northern Africa, the Middle East, and southwestern Asia. Thirteen species are recognized as being valid.[2]

Description

[edit]

The genus Eryx has the following characters. The head is not distinct from the neck. The dorsal surface of the head is covered with small scales. The rostral is large. The eyes range from small to very small, and the pupils are vertical. The anterior maxillary teeth and anterior mandibular teeth are longer than the posterior ones. The body is almost cylindrical. The dorsal scales are smooth or keeled. The tail is very short, either not prehensile or only slightly prehensile. The subcaudals are undivided.[3]

Distribution and habitat

[edit]

Species of snakes of the genus Eryx are found in southeastern Europe, northern Africa, the Middle East, and southwestern Asia.[1]

Species

[edit]

Nota bene: In the list below, a taxon author in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Eryx.

Species[2] Taxon author[2] Subspecies*[2] Common name Geographic range[1]
Eryx borrii[4] Lanza & Nistri, 2005 0 Borri's sand boa Somalia
Eryx colubrinus (Linnaeus, 1758) 2 Egyptian sand boa, Kenyan sand boa Egypt, Sudan, South Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Tanzania, Somalia
Eryx conicus (Schneider, 1801) 0 Rough-tailed sand boa, common sand boa Pakistan, Nepal, India, Sri Lanka
Eryx elegans (Gray, 1849) 0 Central Asian sand boa Southern Turkmenistan, northern Iran (the Kopet Dag Mountains in the northeast and the Azerbaijan region in the northwest) and Afghanistan
Eryx jaculus (Linnaeus, 1758) 0 Javelin sand boa Southern Italy, Eastern Europe in Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Albania and Greece (including Corfu and the Cyclades). The Caucasus. The Middle East in Syria, Israel, northeastern Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Iran. Africa north of the Sahara Desert from Morocco to Egypt.
Eryx jayakari Boulenger, 1888 0 Arabian sand boa From the east and south of the Arabian Peninsula north to Khūzestān Province in Iran
Eryx johnii (Russell, 1801) 0 Indian sand boa From Iran through Pakistan into northwestern and southern India
Eryx miliaris (Pallas, 1773) 0 Dwarf sand boa From the northern Caucasus and the north coast of the Caspian Sea east through Kazakhstan to the north coast of the Aral Sea and Lake Balkhash, though the Zaysan Valley to Sinkiang in China and southern Mongolia. Also in northern and eastern Iran, Afghanistan and western Pakistan.
Eryx muelleri (Boulenger, 1892) 1 Müller’s sand boa Mauritania, Senegal, Gambia, Guinea, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Chad, Sudan, South Sudan, the Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, the Central African Republic
Eryx sistanensis Eskandarzadeh, N. Rastegar-Pouyani, E. Rastegar-Pouyani, Zargan, Hajinourmohamadi, Nazarov, Sami, Rajabizadeh, Nabizadeh & Navaian, 2020 0 Sistan sand boa Iran
Eryx somalicus Scortecci, 1939 0 Somali sand boa Somalia
Eryx vittatus (Chernov, 1959) 0 Northern Iran, Tajikistan, northern Afghanistan, northern Pakistan, Kyrgyzstan, and eastern China
Eryx whitakeri Das, 1991 0 Whitaker's sand boa Southwestern coastal India in Kerala, Karnataka, Goa and southern Maharashtra

T) Type species.[1]

Fossil taxa

[edit]

Two fossil species are known. The earliest is E. linxiaensis from the Miocene of Gansu, China, which appears to be the sister species to Eryx colubrinus, suggesting several intercontinental dispersals from Africa to Eurasia during the Miocene. E. primitivus is known from the middle Pliocene of Spain, and appears to be an early offshoot of the main Eryx lineage.[5][6]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré TA (1999). Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
  2. ^ a b c d e "Eryx". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 7 July 2008.
  3. ^ Boulenger GA (1893). Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume I., Containing the Families ... Boidæ .... London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiii + 448 pp. + Plates I–XXVIII. (Genus Eryx, p. 122–123, Figure 7).
  4. ^ Beolens B, Watkins M, Grayson M (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Eryx borrii, p. 32).
  5. ^ Shi, Jingsong; Li, Qiang; Stidham, Thomas A.; Zhang, Chi; Jiangzuo, Qigao; Chen, Mo; Ni, Xijun (2023-05-01). "Evolutionary and biogeographic implications of an Erycine snake (Serpentes, Erycidae, Eryx) from the Upper Miocene of the Linxia Basin, Gansu Province, China". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 617: 111491. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111491. ISSN 0031-0182.
  6. ^ Szyndlar, Zbigniew; Schleich, Hans-Hermann (1994-01-01). "Two species of the genus Eryx (Serpentes; Boidae; Erycinae) from the Spanish Neogene with comments on the past distribution of the genus in Europe". Amphibia-Reptilia. 15 (3): 233–248. doi:10.1163/156853894X00010. ISSN 1568-5381.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Daudin FM (1803). Histoire Naturelle, Génerale et Particulière des Reptiles; Ouvrage faisant suite aux Œuvres de Leclerc de Buffon, et partie du Cours complet d'Histoire naturelle rédigé par C.S. Sonnini, membre de plusieurs Sociétés savantes. Tome septième [Volume 7]. Paris: F. Dufart. 436 pp. (Eryx, new genus, pp. 251–253). (in French).
[edit]
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