Spirit River Formation: Difference between revisions

Spirit River Formation
Spirit River Formation
Stratigraphic range: middle Albian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Falher graywake and shale
Type	Geological formation
Unit of	Fort St. John Group
Sub-units	Notikewin Member, Falher Member, Wilrich Member
Underlies	Peace River Formation
Overlies	Bluesky Formation
Thickness	up to 348 feet (110 m)
Lithology
Primary	sandstone, shale, siltstone
Other	coal, ironstone, greywacke
Location
Coordinates	55°46′30″N 118°54′22″W / 55.775°N 118.906°W
Region	Alberta, British Columbia
Country	Canada
Type section
Named for	Spirit River
Named by	Badgley, 1952

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The Spirit River Formation is a stratigraphical unit of middle Albian age in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin.

It takes the name from the Spirit River, and was first described in Imperial Oil Spirit River No. 1 well by Badgley in 1952.^[2]

Lithology

The Spirit River Formation consists, from bottom to top of fine to medium grained argillaceous sandstone, dark shale, ironstone, greywacke, shale, siltstone, coal and dark shale with thin sandstone and siltstone stringers.^[1]

Hydrocarbon production

Gas is produced from channels developed in the Falher Member in northern Alberta.

Hydraulic fracturing in Canada

'Massive' hydraulic fracturing has been widely used in Alberta since the late 1970s to recover gas from low-permeability sandstones of the Spirit River Formation.^[3]^: 1044 Massive hydraulic fracturing has been widely used in Alberta since the late 1970s. The method is currently used in development of the Cardium, Duvernay, Montney and Viking formations in Alberta, Bakken formation in Saskatchewan, Montney and Horn River formations in British Columbia.

Distribution

The Spirit River Formation reaches a maximum thickness of 348 metres (1,140 ft). It is found in the sub-surface in the Peace River Country, in an area stretching from Fort St. John, British Columbia to the Lesser Slave Lake from west to east, and from Grande Prairie, Alberta to Manning, Alberta from south to north.

Relationship to other units

The Spirit River Formation is conformably overlain by the Peace River Formation and conformably underlain by the Bluesky Formation. It grades laterally to the Buckinghorse Formation shales to the north-east, and into the sandy facies of the Malcolm Creek Formation south of the Wapiti River. It is equivalent to the upper Mannville Formation in Central Alberta and to the Clearwater Formation and Grand Rapids Formation in the upper Athabasca River area.^[1]

Subdivisions

The Spirit River Formation is composed of the following sub-divisions from base to top:

Sub-unit	Lithology	Max Thickness	Reference
Notikewin Member	fine to medium grained argillaceous sandstone, dark shale, ironstone	28 metres (90 ft)	^[4]
Falher Member	greywacke, shale, siltstone, coal	215 metres (710 ft)	^[5]
Wilrich Member	dark shales thin sandstone and siltstone stringers	154 metres (510 ft)	^[6]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Lexicon of Canadian Geologic Units. "Peace River Formation". Retrieved 2009-02-11.
^ Badgley, Peter C., 1952. Notes on the subsurface stratigraphy and oil and gas geology of the Lower Cretaceous series in central Alberta (Report and seven figures); Geological Survey of Canada, Paper No. 52-11, 12 p.
^ Cant, Douglas J.; Ethier, Valerie G. (August 1984). "Lithology-dependent diagenetic control of reservoir properties of conglomerates, Falher member, Elmworth Field, Alberta". Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists. 68 (8).
^ Lexicon of Canadian Geologic Units. "Notikewin Member". Retrieved 2009-02-11.
^ Lexicon of Canadian Geologic Units. "Falher Member". Retrieved 2009-02-11.
^ Lexicon of Canadian Geologic Units. "Wilrich Member". Retrieved 2009-02-11.

[lexicon-1] Lexicon of Canadian Geologic Units. "Peace River Formation". Retrieved 2009-02-11.

[2] Badgley, Peter C., 1952. Notes on the subsurface stratigraphy and oil and gas geology of the Lower Cretaceous series in central Alberta (Report and seven figures); Geological Survey of Canada, Paper No. 52-11, 12 p.

[3] Cant, Douglas J.; Ethier, Valerie G. (August 1984). "Lithology-dependent diagenetic control of reservoir properties of conglomerates, Falher member, Elmworth Field, Alberta". Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists. 68 (8).

[4] Lexicon of Canadian Geologic Units. "Notikewin Member". Retrieved 2009-02-11.

[5] Lexicon of Canadian Geologic Units. "Falher Member". Retrieved 2009-02-11.

[6] Lexicon of Canadian Geologic Units. "Wilrich Member". Retrieved 2009-02-11.

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[2]

[3]

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Infobox Rockunit
+{{Infobox rockunit
-| name           = Spirit River Formation
+| name = Spirit River Formation
-| image          =
+| image = FalherMBR.JPG
-| caption        =
+| caption = Falher graywake and shale
-| type           = [[Geological formation]]
+| type = [[Geological formation]]
-| age            = middle [[Albian]]
+| age = {{Fossil range|Albian|Albian|middle [[Albian]]}}
-| prilithology   = [[sandstone]], [[shale]], [[siltstone]]
+| prilithology = [[sandstone]], [[shale]], [[siltstone]]
 | otherlithology = [[coal]], [[ironstone]], [[greywacke]]
-| namedfor       = [[Spirit River, Alberta|Spirit River]]
+| namedfor = [[Spirit River (Alberta)|Spirit River]]
-| namedby        = Badgley, 1952
+| namedby = Badgley, 1952
-| region         = {{flag|Alberta}}
+| region = {{flag|Alberta}}, {{flag|British Columbia}}
-| country        = {{flag|Canada}}
+| country = {{flag|Canada}}
-| coordinates    = {{coord|55.775|N|118.906|W|name=Imperial Spirit River No. 1 well, in 12-20-78-6W6M|display=inline,title}}
+| coordinates = {{coord|55.775|N|118.906|W|name=Imperial Spirit River No. 1 well, in 12-20-78-6W6M|display=inline,title}}
-| unitof         = [[Fort St. John Group]]
+| unitof = [[Fort St. John Group]]
-| subunits       = [[Notikewin Member]], [[Falher Member]], [[Wilrich Member]]
+| subunits = Notikewin Member, Falher Member, Wilrich Member
-| underlies      = [[Peace River Formation]]
+| underlies = [[Peace River Formation]]
-| overlies       = [[Bluesky Formation]]
+| overlies = [[Bluesky Formation]]
-| thickness      = up to {{convert|348|ft|m|-1}}<ref name=lexicon>{{Cite web|url=http://cgkn1.cgkn.net/weblex/weblex_litho_detail_e.pl?00053:011614|title=Peace River Formation|author=Lexicon of Canadian Geologic Units |accessdate=2009-02-11}}</ref>
+| thickness = up to {{convert|348|ft|m|-1}}<ref name=lexicon>{{Cite web | url = http://cgkn1.cgkn.net/weblex/weblex_litho_detail_e.pl?00053:011614 | title = Peace River Formation | author = [[Lexicon of Canadian Geologic Units]] | accessdate = 2009-02-11}}</ref>
-| extent         =
-| area           =
-| map            =
-| map_caption    =
 }}
 The '''Spirit River Formation''' is a [[Stratigraphy|stratigraphical]] unit of middle [[Albian]] [[Geochronology|age]] in the [[Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin]].
-It takes the name from the town of [[Spirit River, Alberta|Spirit River]], and was first described in [[Imperial Oil]] Spirit River No. 1 well by Badgley in 1952.<ref>Badgley, Peter C., 1952. Notes on the subsurface stratigraphy and oil and gas geology of the Lower Cretaceous series in central Alberta (Report and seven figures); [[Geological Survey of Canada]], Paper No. 52-11, 12 p.</ref>
+It takes the name from the [[Spirit River (Alberta)|Spirit River]], and was first described in [[Imperial Oil]] Spirit River No. 1 well by Badgley in 1952.<ref>Badgley, Peter C., 1952. Notes on the subsurface stratigraphy and oil and gas geology of the Lower Cretaceous series in central Alberta (Report and seven figures); [[Geological Survey of Canada]], Paper No. 52-11, 12 p.</ref>
 ==Lithology==
 The Spirit River Formation consists, from bottom to top of fine to medium grained argillaceous [[sandstone]], dark [[shale]], [[ironstone]], [[greywacke]], [[shale]], [[siltstone]], [[coal]] and dark [[shale]] with thin [[sandstone]] and [[siltstone]] stringers.<ref name=lexicon/>
-====Oil/gas production====
+===Hydrocarbon production===
-[[Natural gas|Gas]] is produced from [[channels]] developed in the [[Falher Member]] in northern [[Alberta]].
+[[Natural gas|Gas]] is produced from [[Channel (geography)|channels]] developed in the [[Falher Member]] in northern [[Alberta]].
+==Hydraulic fracturing in Canada==
+{{main|Hydraulic fracturing in Canada}}
+'Massive' hydraulic fracturing has been widely used in [[Alberta]] since the late 1970s to recover gas from low-permeability sandstones of the Spirit River Formation.<ref>{{cite journal | first1 = Douglas J. | last1 = Cant | first2 = Valerie G. | last2 = Ethier | title = Lithology-dependent diagenetic control of reservoir properties of conglomerates, Falher member, Elmworth Field, Alberta | journal = Bulletin of the [[American Association of Petroleum Geologists]] | date = August 1984 | volume = 68 | number = 8 }}</ref>{{rp|1044}} Massive hydraulic fracturing has been widely used in [[Alberta]] since the late 1970s. The method is currently used in development of the [[Cardium Formation|Cardium]], [[Duvernay Formation|Duvernay]], [[Montney Formation|Montney]] and [[Viking Formation|Viking]] formations in [[Alberta]], [[Bakken Formation|Bakken]] formation in [[Saskatchewan]], [[Montney Formation|Montney]] and [[Horn River Formation|Horn River]] formations in [[British Columbia]].
 ==Distribution==
-The  Spirit River Formation reaches a maximum thickness of {{convert|348|ft|m|-1}}. It is found in the sub-surface in the [[Peace River Country]], in an area stretching from [[Fort St. John, British Columbia]] to the [[Lesser Slave Lake]] from west to east, and from [[Grande Prairie, Alberta]] to [[Manning, Alberta]] from south to north.
+The Spirit River Formation reaches a maximum thickness of {{convert|348|m|ft|-1}}. It is found in the sub-surface in the [[Peace River Country]], in an area stretching from [[Fort St. John, British Columbia]] to the [[Lesser Slave Lake]] from west to east, and from [[Grande Prairie, Alberta]] to [[Manning, Alberta]] from south to north.
 ==Relationship to other units==
-The  Spirit River Formation is conformably overlain by the [[Peace River Formation]] and conformably underlain by the [[Bluesky Formation]]. It grades laterally to the [Buckinghorse Formation]] shales to the north-east, and into the sandy [[facies]] of the [[Malcolm Creek Formation]] south of the [[Wapiti River]]. It is equivalent to the upper [[Mannville Formation]] in [[Central Alberta]] and to the [[Clearwater Formation]] and [[Grand Rapids Formation]] in the upper [[Athabaska River]] area.<ref name=lexicon/>
+The  Spirit River Formation is conformably overlain by the [[Peace River Formation]] and conformably underlain by the [[Bluesky Formation]]. It grades laterally to the [[Buckinghorse Formation]] shales to the north-east, and into the sandy [[facies]] of the [[Malcolm Creek Formation]] south of the [[Wapiti River]]. It is equivalent to the upper [[Mannville Formation]] in [[Central Alberta]] and to the [[Clearwater Formation]] and [[Grand Rapids Formation]] in the upper [[Athabasca River]] area.<ref name=lexicon/>
+===Subdivisions===
-====Subdivisions====
 The  Spirit River Formation is composed of the following sub-divisions from base to top:
 {|class="wikitable"
@@ Line 45: / Line 47: @@
 ! [[Geological unit|Sub-unit]] !! Lithology !! Max<br>Thickness !! Reference
 |-
-|[[Notikewin Member]] || fine to medium grained argillaceous [[sandstone]], dark [[shale]], [[ironstone]] || {{convert|28|ft|m|-1}}
+|Notikewin Member || fine to medium grained argillaceous [[sandstone]], dark [[shale]], [[ironstone]] || {{convert|28|m|ft|-1}}
-|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cgkn1.cgkn.net/weblex/weblex_litho_detail_e.pl?00053:011050|title=Notikewin Member|author=Lexicon of Canadian Geologic Units |accessdate=2009-02-11}}</ref>
+|<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://cgkn1.cgkn.net/weblex/weblex_litho_detail_e.pl?00053:011050 | title = Notikewin Member | author = [[Lexicon of Canadian Geologic Units]] | accessdate = 2009-02-11}}</ref>
 |-
-|[[Falher Member]] ||  [[greywacke]], [[shale]], [[siltstone]], [[coal]] || {{convert|215|ft|m|-1}}
+|Falher Member ||  [[greywacke]], [[shale]], [[siltstone]], [[coal]] || {{convert|215|m|ft|-1}}
-|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cgkn1.cgkn.net/weblex/weblex_litho_detail_e.pl?00053:004811|title=Falher Member|author=Lexicon of Canadian Geologic Units |accessdate=2009-02-11}}</ref>
+|<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://cgkn1.cgkn.net/weblex/weblex_litho_detail_e.pl?00053:004811 | title = Falher Member | author = [[Lexicon of Canadian Geologic Units]] | accessdate = 2009-02-11}}</ref>
 |-
-|[[Wilrich Member]]  || dark [[shales]] thin [[sandstone]] and [[siltstone]] stringers || {{convert|154|ft|m|-1}}
+|Wilrich Member  || dark [[shales]] thin [[sandstone]] and [[siltstone]] stringers || {{convert|154|m|ft|-1}}
-|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cgkn1.cgkn.net/weblex/weblex_litho_detail_e.pl?00053:016545 |title=Wilrich Member|author=Lexicon of Canadian Geologic Units |accessdate=2009-02-11}}</ref>
+|<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://cgkn1.cgkn.net/weblex/weblex_litho_detail_e.pl?00053:016545 | title = Wilrich Member | author = [[Lexicon of Canadian Geologic Units]] | accessdate = 2009-02-11}}</ref>
 |-
 |}
@@ Line 58: / Line 60: @@
 ==References==
 {{reflist}}
+{{WCSB|Northwest_Plains=yes}}
-[[Category:Stratigraphy of Canada]]
+[[Category:Geologic formations of Alberta]]
-[[Category:Geology of Alberta]]
+[[Category:Geologic formations of British Columbia]]
+[[Category:Cretaceous Alberta]]
-----
+[[Category:Cretaceous British Columbia]]
-{{geology-stub}}
+[[Category:Sandstone formations of Canada]]
+[[Category:Shale formations]]
+[[Category:Siltstone formations]]
+[[Category:Coal formations]]
+[[Category:Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin]]

v t e Western Canada Sedimentary Basin
Hydrocarbon history	Oil sands and heavy oil Frontier exploration and development Natural gas liquids Natural gas
Depositional regions	Southern Alberta Central Alberta Northwestern Alberta Plains South-central Canadian Rockies foothills North-east Plains North-central foothills Liard River Fort Nelson Northern Rocky Mountains Fort St. John Saskatchewan Western Manitoba
Northwest plains	Paskapoo FM Scollard FM Wapiti GRP Smoky GRP Puskwaskau FM Badheart FM Muskiki FM Cardium FM Kaskapau FM Pouce Coupe MBR Doe Creek MBR Dunvegan FM Fort St. John GRP Shaftesbury FM Peace River FM Spirit River FM Bullhead GRP Bluesky FM Gething FM Cadomin FM Nikanassin FM Fernie GRP Rock Creek MBR Poker Chip Shale Nordegg MBR Schooler Creek GRP Baldonnel FM Charlie Lake FM Halfway FM Doig FM Montney FM Belloy FM Stoddart GRP Taylor Flat FM Kiskatinaw FM Golata FM Rundle GRP Debolt FM Shunda FM Pekisko FM Banff FM Exshaw FM Wabamun FM Trout River FM Kakisa FM Redknife FM Jean Marie MBR Woodbend GRP Irteton FM Fort Simpson FM Leduc FM Duvernay FM Cooking Lake FM Beaverhill Lake GRP Waterways FM Swan Hills FM Fort Vermilion FM Elk Point GRP Watt Mountain FM Gillwood MBR Presqu’ile FM Sulphur Point FM Pine Point FM Muskeg FM Zama MBR Black Shale Keg River FM Rainbow MBR Chinchaga FM Cold Lake FM Ernestina FM Basal Red Beds Granite Wash Canadian Shield