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{{Short description|Railway which operates within a mountainous region}}
A '''Mountain railway''' is a railway which ascends and descends a mountain. There are [[funicular]] or [[rack and pinion]] railways, and [[narrow gauge]] is common.
[[File:Brb bergfahrt.JPG|thumb|right|[[Brienz Rothorn Bahn]] ascending [[Brienzer Rothorn]] in the [[Swiss Alps]]]]
[[File:La_antiga_locomotora_elèctrica_E.1_del_cremallera_de_Núria_reposa_a_dalt_de_tot_de_la_Vall.jpg|thumb|right|[[Vall de Núria Rack Railway]], Catalonia]]


A '''mountain railway''' is a [[railway]] that operates in a [[mountain range|mountainous region]]. It may operate through the mountains by following [[mountain valley]]s and tunneling beneath [[mountain pass]]es, or it may climb a mountain to provide transport to and from the [[summit]].
===Mountain Railways in England===


Mountain railways often use [[narrow gauge railways|narrow gauge]] tracks to allow for tight curves in the track and reduce tunnel size and [[structure gauge]], and hence construction cost and effort. Where mountain railways need to climb steep gradients, they may use [[steep grade railway]] technology, or even operate as [[funicular railway]]s.
===Mountain Railways in Scotland===
*[[Cairngorm Mountain Railway]]


==List of mountain railways==
===Mountain Railways in Wales===
<!-- This section is linked from [[Rack railway]] -->
*[[Snowdon Mountain Railway]]
{{For|railway lines named Mountain Line|Mountain Line (disambiguation){{!}}Mountain Line}}
{{See also|list of rack railways}}
{{Expand list|date=August 2008}}


===Argentina===
===Mountain Railways on the Isle of Man===
* [[Mendoza, Argentina|Mendoza]] to [[Los Andes, Chile]], see '''Chile''' below

=== Australia ===

* [[Glenreagh Mountain Railway]]
* [[Mount Morgan, Queensland|Mt Morgan Rack Railway]] – abandoned in 1955.
* [[Skitube Alpine Railway]]
* [[West Coast Wilderness Railway]]

===Austria===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Achensee Railway]]
* [[Arlberg Railway]]
* [[Mariazell Railway]]
* [[Pöstlingberg Railway]]<!--[[:de:Pöstlingbergbahn]]--><ref>[http://www.linzag.at/navigation/section,id,383,nodeid,383 Described by the operator, Linz AG Linien] In German</ref>
* [[Semmering Railway]] – A [[World Heritage Site]]
* [[Schafberg Railway]]
* [[Schneeberg Railway (cog railway)|Schneeberg Railway]]
{{div col end}}

===Bolivia===
* [[Ferrocarril de Antofagasta a Bolivia]]
* [[Ferrocarril de Arica a La Paz]], [[Arica]]–[[La Paz]]
* [[Rio Mulatos-Potosí line]]

===Brazil===
* [[Corcovado Rack Railway]]
* [[São Paulo Railway]]

===Canada===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[BC Rail]], crosses the [[Pacific Coast Ranges|Pacific Coast Range]] of the [[Coast Mountains]] ([[Garibaldi Ranges|Garibaldi]] & [[Lillooet Ranges]])
* [[Kicking Horse Pass]]
* [[Rogers Pass (British Columbia)|Rogers Pass]]
* [[White Pass and Yukon Route]]
* [[Yellowhead Pass]]
{{div col end}}

===Chile===
* [[Ferrocarill Arica La Paz]], [[Arica, Chile|Arica]]–[[La Paz]]
* [[Ferrocarril de Antofagasta a Bolivia]]
* El [[Transandine Railway|Ferrocarril Trasandino Los Andes – Mendoza]], [[Los Andes, Chile|Los Andes]] – [[Mendoza, Argentina|Mendoza]]. The rebuild will be adhesion only.<ref>[http://www.seconstruye.com/webnoticia/asp/interior.asp?id=17067 Se construye] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310140626/http://www.seconstruye.com/webnoticia/asp/interior.asp?id=17067 |date=2007-03-10 }}</ref>

===China===
* [[Gebishi Railway]]
* [[Kunming–Hai Phong Railway]]
* [[Qingzang railway]]

===Colombia===
* [[Transport in Colombia#Railways|Colombian Railways]]

===Croatia===
* [[Lika line]]
* [[Rijeka line]]

===Eritrea===
* [[Eritrean Railway]]

===France===
* [[Petit train d'Artouste|Artouste (Petit train d')]]
* [[Petit train de la Rhune|La Rhune (Petit train de)]]
* [[Mont Blanc Tramway]]
* [[Montenvers Railway]]
* [[Ligne de Saint Gervais-Vallorcine|Saint Gervais-Vallorcine (Ligne de)]]

===Germany===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*[[Drachenfels Railway]] (''Drachenfelsbahn'')
* [[Harz Railway]] (''Harzbahn'')
**[[Rübeland Railway]] (''Rübelandbahn'')
**[[Harz Narrow Gauge Railways]] (''Harzer Schmalspurbahnen'')
***[[Harz Railway]] (''Harzquerbahn'')
***[[Brocken Railway]] (''Brockenbahn'')
***[[Selke Valley Railway]](''Selketalbahn'')
*[[Murg Valley Railway]] (''Murgtalbahn'')
* [[Schwarza Valley Railway]] (''Schwarzatalbahn'')<ref>[http://en.oberweissbacher-bergbahn.com/bergbahnland/attraktionen/schwarzatalbahn/ Schwarza valley line]</ref>
*[[Wendelstein Railway]] (''Wendelsteinbahn'')
*[[Bavarian Zugspitze Railway]] (''Bayerische Zugspitzbahn'')
{{div col end}}

===Georgia===
*[[Borjomi-Bakuriani railway "Kukushka"]] (ბაკურიანი-ბორჯომი რკინიგზა)<ref>{{cite web|title=Georgian Railway|url=http://www.railway.ge/?web=0&action=page&p_id=203&lang=eng}}</ref>

===Greece===
*[[Diakofto Kalavrita Railway]]

=== Hong Kong===
*[[Peak Tram]]ways

===India===
{{Main|Mountain railways of India}}
*[[Darjeeling Himalayan Railway]] – A world Heritage Site
*[[Nilgiri Mountain Railway]] – A world Heritage Site
*[[Kalka-Shimla Railway]] – A world Heritage Site
*[[Kangra Valley Railway]]
*[[Matheran Hill Railway]]
*[[Jammu–Baramulla line]]

===Isle of Man===
*[[Snaefell Mountain Railway]]
*[[Snaefell Mountain Railway]]


===Israel===
===Mountain Railways in Germany===
*[[Carmelit]]
*[[Berchtesgaden Mountain Railway]]
*[[Nerobergbahn]]


===Italy===
===Mountain Railways in Switzerland===
*[[Swiss-Rigi Mountain Railway]]
*[[Superga Rack Railway]]

*[[Lauterbrunnen-Mürren Mountain Railway]]
===Japan===
*[[Hakone Tozan Railway]]
*[[Ikawa Line, Oigawa Railway]]
*[[Kurobe Gorge Railway]]

===Mexico===
*[[Ferrocarril de Córdoba a Huatusco]]

===New Zealand===
*[[Rimutaka Incline]] Commenced operation in 1878 and ceased operation in 1955.

===Norway===
*[[Flåmsbana]]

===Peru===
*[[Empresa nacional de ferrocarriles del Peru]]
*[[Ferrocarril Central Andino]] ([[Standard gauge]])
*[[Ferrocarril Huancayo - Huancavelica]],<ref>[http://www.rrdc.com/images/map_fcca_new.gif Map of Huancayo – Huancavelica]</ref> (built to [[narrow gauge railways|narrow gauge]] {{RailGauge|3ft|lk=on|disp=or}}, but [[Track gauge conversion|converted]] to {{RailGauge|56.5in|allk=on|disp=or}} between 2006 and 2010<ref>{{cite web |title=Huancavelica upgrade |url=https://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/huancavelica-upgrade.html |website=Railway Gazette International |access-date=16 September 2019 |date=1 Jun 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=El Tren Macho reanudó sus operaciones entre Huancayo y Huancavelica |url=http://archivo.elcomercio.pe/sociedad/lima/tren-macho-reanudo-sus-operaciones-entre-huancayo-huancavelica-noticia-1343837 |website=El Comercio |access-date=16 September 2019 |language=es |date=5 Dec 2011}}</ref>)
*[[Ferrocarril del sur de Peru]] [[Arequipa]] – [[Puno]], ([[Standard gauge]])
*[[Cusco - Machu Picchu]], Cusco – [[Machu Picchu]] ({{RailGauge|3ft|disp=or}} gauge)

===Romania===
[[File:Anina-Oravita 03 2010.jpg|thumb|View from Oravița – Anina railway in 2010.]]
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
*[[Ploiești]] – [[Brașov]] railway
*[[Brașov]] – [[Sibiu]] – [[Arad, Romania|Arad]] railway
*[[Râmnicu Vâlcea]] – [[Sibiu]] railway
*[[Târgu Jiu]] – [[Simeria]] railway
*[[Drobeta-Turnu Severin]] – [[Caransebeș]] railway
*[[Oraviţa]] – [[Anina]] railway
*[[Cluj-Napoca]] – [[Oradea]] railway
*[[Brașov]] – [[Miercurea Ciuc]] – [[Deda, Romania|Deda]] railway, and Brașov – [[Întorsura Buzăului]]
*[[Salva, Bistrița-Năsăud|Salva]] – [[Sighetul Marmatiei]] railway
*[[Adjud]] – [[Siculeni]] railway
*[[Suceava]] – [[Ilva Mică]] railway, and [[Vama, Suceava|Vama]] – [[Moldovita]]
*[[Arad, Romania|Arad]] – [[Ineu]] – [[Brad, Hunedoara|Brad]]
*[[Buzău]] – [[Nehoiu|Nehoiașu]].
{{div col end}}

===Russia===
[[File:Участок Апшеронской УЖД, перегон Гуамка - Мезмай.JPG|thumb|[[Apsheronsk narrow-gauge railway|Apsheronsk railway]]]]
* [[Apsheronsk narrow-gauge railway]] – located in the [[Krasnodar Krai]], gauge of {{RailGauge|750mm}}.<ref>[http://www.internationalsteam.co.uk/trains/russia18.htm Apsheronsk railway]</ref><ref>[http://www.internationalsteam.co.uk/trains/russia19.htm Tourist Railway]</ref>

===Slovakia===
*[[Čierny Hron Railway]]

===Slovenia===
[[Bohinj Railway|Bohinj railway]]

===Spain===
*[[Montserrat Rack Railway]]
*[[Vall de Núria Rack Railway]]

===Switzerland===
{{main|List of mountain railways in Switzerland}}
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*[[Appenzeller Bahnen]]<!--[[:de:Appenzeller Bahnen]]-->
*[[Bergbahn Lauterbrunnen-Mürren]]
*[[Bergbahn Rheineck-Walzenhausen]] <!--[[:de:Bergbahn Rheineck-Walzenhausen]]-->
*[[Lötschberg railway line]]
*[[Berner Oberland Bahn]]
*[[Brienz Rothorn Bahn]]
*[[Aigle - Leysin|Chemin de fer Aigle-Leysin]]<!--[[:fr:Chemin de fer Aigle-Leysin]]--> <!--[[:fr:Transports Publics du Chablais]]--> <!--[[:de:Transports Publics du Chablais]]-->
*[[Chemin de fer Aigle-Ollon-Monthey-Champéry]] <!--[[:fr:Chemin de fer Aigle-Ollon-Monthey-Champéry]]--> <!--[[:de:Transports Publics du Chablais]]-->
*[[Aigle-Sépey-Diablerets|Chemin de fer Aigle-Sépey-Diablerets]] <!--[[:fr:Chemin de fer Aigle-Sépey-Diablerets]]--> <!--[[:de:Transports Publics du Chablais]]-->
*[[Chemin de fer Bex-Villars-Bretaye]] <!--[[:fr:Chemin de fer Bex-Villars-Bretaye]]--> <!--[[:de:Transports Publics du Chablais]]-->
*[[Chemins de fer electriques Veveysans]] <!--[[:de:Transports Montreux-Vevey-Riviera]]-->
*[[Chemin de fer Montreux-Glion-Rochers-de-Naye]]
*[[NStCM|Chemin de fer Nyon-St-Cergue-Morez]]
*[[Emmental-Burgdorf-Thun-Bahn]]
*[[Gornergratbahn]]
*[[Gotthardbahn]]
*[[Jungfraubahn]]
*[[Jungfraubahn]]
*[[Harderbahn]]
*[[Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn]] (formerly [[BVZ Zermatt-Bahn]], [[Furka Oberalp Bahn]])<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bvzholding.ch/de/unternehmen/geschichte/ |title=Unsere Geschichte: Von der Visp-Zermatt-Bahn bis zur BVZ Holding AG |publisher=BVZ Holding AG |location=Brig, Switzerland |language=de, fr, en |access-date=2017-07-03}}</ref>
*[[Monte Generoso Railway]]
*[[Montreux–Lenk im Simmental line]]
*[[Pilatusbahn]]
*[[Rhätische Bahn]]
*[[Rigi Bahnen]] ([[Arth-Rigi-Bahn]], [[Vitznau-Rigi-Bahn]])
*[[Rorschach-Heiden-Bahn]]
*[[Schynige Platte Bahn]]
*[[Transports de Martigny et Régions]] ([[Chemin de fer Martigny–Châtelard]] and [[Chemin de fer Martigny–Orsières]])
*[[Trogenerbahn]]
*[[Uetlibergbahn]]
*[[Wädenswil-Einsiedeln-Bahn]]
*[[Wengernalpbahn]]
*[[Waldenburgerbahn]]
*[[Zentralbahn]] (former [[Luzern-Stans-Engelberg-Bahn]], [[Brünigbahn]])
{{div col end}}

===Taiwan===
* [[Alishan Forest Railway]]

===United Kingdom===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*[[Brecon Mountain Railway]]
*[[Cairngorm Mountain Railway]]
*[[Conwy Valley line]]
*[[Ffestiniog Railway]]
*[[Highland Main Line]]
*[[Settle–Carlisle line]]
*[[Snowdon Mountain Railway]]
*[[Welsh Highland Railway]]
*[[West Highland Line]]
{{div col end}}

===United States===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*[[Alamogordo and Sacramento Mountain Railway]]
*[[Boca and Loyalton Railroad]]
*[[Carson and Tahoe Lumber and Fluming Company]]
*[[Cascade Tunnel]]
*[[Cass Scenic Railroad State Park]]
*[[Central Pacific Railroad]]
*[[Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad]]
*[[Denver and Salt Lake Railway]]
*[[Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad]]
*[[Feather River Route]]
*[[Georgetown Loop Railroad]]
*[[Gilpin Railroad]]
*[[Lookout Mountain Incline Railway]] in [[Chattanooga, Tennessee]]
*[[Manitou and Pike's Peak Railway]]
*[[Michigan-California Lumber Company]]
*[[Mount Lowe Railway]]
*[[Mount Tom Railroad]]
*[[Mount Washington Cog Railway]]
*[[Mountain Division]]
*[[Northwestern Pacific Railroad]]
*[[Otis Elevating Railway]]
*[[Raton Pass]]
*[[Rio Grande Southern Railroad]]
*[[San Diego and Arizona Railway]]
*[[Sandy River and Rangeley Lakes Railroad]]
*[[Silver City, Pinos Altos and Mogollon Railroad]]
*[[Silverton Railroad]]
*[[Tehachapi Loop]]
*[[Uintah Railway]]
*[[White Pass and Yukon Route]]
{{div col end}}

===Venezuela===
*[[Gran Ferrocarril de Venezuela]]

===Vietnam===
*[[Đà Lạt]]–[[Phan Rang-Tháp Chàm|Tháp Chàm]] Railway – Abandoned after the [[Vietnam War]].

==Mountain railways in fiction==
The '''[[Culdee Fell Railway]]''' is featured in the book [[List of Railway Series Books#Mountain Engines|''Mountain Engines'']], part of [[The Railway Series]] by [[W.V. Awdry|Rev.W.Awdry]].

==See also==
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Cable car (railway)]]
* [[Cable railway]]
* [[Funicular]]
* [[Hillclimbing (railway)]]
* [[List of steepest gradients on adhesion railways]]
* [[Rack railway]]
* [[Ruling gradient]]
* [[Stadler Rail]] ([[Swiss Locomotive and Machine Works]])<!-- Main manufacturer -->
* [[Steep grade railway]]
{{div col end}}

== References ==
<references/>

==External links==
*[http://www.fo-bahn.ch/ Homepage of the Matterhorn-Gotthard-Bahn] {{in lang|en|de|fr}}
*[http://www.rail-info.ch/index.en.html Narrow gauge railways of Switzerland] {{in language|en|de}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060511170433/http://www.amigosdeltren.cl/ferrochile/historia/trasandino/histo_trasandino_es.php El Ferrocarril Trasandino Los Andes] – [[Mendoza, Argentina]] ([[Trans-Andean Railways]]) (all others in Spanish only)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070310140626/http://www.seconstruye.com/webnoticia/asp/interior.asp?id=17067 seconstruye.com el tren Los Andes] – Mendoza
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060505135052/http://www.accpf.cl/html/act/fctc.html Museo Ferrocarril Transandino]
*[http://www.rrdc.com/op_peru_fcca.html Ferrocarril Central Andina S.A.]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060901182141/http://www.ferroviasperu.com.pe/indexe.html Ferrocarril Central Andino S.A.]
*[http://www.rrdc.com/images/map_fcca_new.gif Map of central Peru] [[Callao]] – [[Huancayo]]
*[http://www.perurail.com/Pages_Es/travelplanner.htm Map of south Peru/Bolivia] [[Machu Picchu]] – [[Lake Titicaca]] – west coast Pacific Ocean
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060504005806/http://www.perurail.com/Pages_Es/aqp_puno1.htm Route] [[Arequipa]] – [[Puno]] ([[Lake Titicaca]])
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060908222840/http://www.perurail.com/Pages_Es/cusco_puno1.htm Route] [[Cusco]] – [[Puno]] ([[Lake Titicaca]])
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071203205832/http://www.perurail.com/Pages_Es/cusco_mapi1.htm Route] [[Cusco]] – [[Machu Picchu]]
*[https://www.thecog.com Homepage of the Mount Washington Cog Railway] (First ever mountain climbing cog railway)
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mountain Railway}}
[[Category:Rail transport-related lists]]
[[Category:Mountain railways|*]]

Latest revision as of 08:33, 25 July 2024

Brienz Rothorn Bahn ascending Brienzer Rothorn in the Swiss Alps
Vall de Núria Rack Railway, Catalonia

A mountain railway is a railway that operates in a mountainous region. It may operate through the mountains by following mountain valleys and tunneling beneath mountain passes, or it may climb a mountain to provide transport to and from the summit.

Mountain railways often use narrow gauge tracks to allow for tight curves in the track and reduce tunnel size and structure gauge, and hence construction cost and effort. Where mountain railways need to climb steep gradients, they may use steep grade railway technology, or even operate as funicular railways.

List of mountain railways

[edit]
For railway lines named Mountain Line, see Mountain Line.
See also: list of rack railways

Argentina

[edit]

Australia

[edit]

Austria

[edit]

Bolivia

[edit]

Brazil

[edit]

Canada

[edit]

Chile

[edit]

China

[edit]

Colombia

[edit]

Croatia

[edit]

Eritrea

[edit]

France

[edit]

Germany

[edit]

Georgia

[edit]

Greece

[edit]

Hong Kong

[edit]

India

[edit]
Main article: Mountain railways of India

Isle of Man

[edit]

Israel

[edit]

Italy

[edit]

Japan

[edit]

Mexico

[edit]

New Zealand

[edit]

Norway

[edit]

Peru

[edit]

Romania

[edit]
View from Oravița – Anina railway in 2010.

Russia

[edit]
Apsheronsk railway

Slovakia

[edit]

Slovenia

[edit]

Bohinj railway

Spain

[edit]

Switzerland

[edit]
Main article: List of mountain railways in Switzerland

Taiwan

[edit]

United Kingdom

[edit]

United States

[edit]

Venezuela

[edit]

Vietnam

[edit]

Mountain railways in fiction

[edit]

The Culdee Fell Railway is featured in the book Mountain Engines, part of The Railway Series by Rev.W.Awdry.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Described by the operator, Linz AG Linien In German
  2. ^ Se construye Archived 2007-03-10 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ Schwarza valley line
  4. ^ "Georgian Railway".
  5. ^ Map of Huancayo – Huancavelica
  6. ^ "Huancavelica upgrade". Railway Gazette International. 1 Jun 2006. Retrieved 16 September 2019.
  7. ^ "El Tren Macho reanudó sus operaciones entre Huancayo y Huancavelica". El Comercio (in Spanish). 5 Dec 2011. Retrieved 16 September 2019.
  8. ^ Apsheronsk railway
  9. ^ Tourist Railway
  10. ^ "Unsere Geschichte: Von der Visp-Zermatt-Bahn bis zur BVZ Holding AG" (in German, French, and English). Brig, Switzerland: BVZ Holding AG. Retrieved 2017-07-03.
[edit]
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