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{{Short description|Railway which operates within a mountainous region}}
[[File:Brb bergfahrt.JPG|thumb|right|[[Brienz Rothorn Bahn]] ascending [[Brienzer Rothorn]] in the [[Swiss Alps]]]]
[[File:Brb bergfahrt.JPG|thumb|right|[[Brienz Rothorn Bahn]] ascending [[Brienzer Rothorn]] in the [[Swiss Alps]]]]
[[File:La_antiga_locomotora_elèctrica_E.1_del_cremallera_de_Núria_reposa_a_dalt_de_tot_de_la_Vall.jpg|thumb|right|[[Vall de Núria Rack Railway]], Spain]]
[[File:La_antiga_locomotora_elèctrica_E.1_del_cremallera_de_Núria_reposa_a_dalt_de_tot_de_la_Vall.jpg|thumb|right|[[Vall de Núria Rack Railway]], Catalonia]]

A '''mountain railway''' is a railway that operates in a mountainous region. It may operate through the mountains by following mountain valleys and tunneling beneath mountain passes, or it may climb a mountain to provide transport to and from the summit.
A '''mountain railway''' is a [[railway]] that operates in a [[mountain range|mountainous region]]. It may operate through the mountains by following [[mountain valley]]s and tunneling beneath [[mountain pass]]es, or it may climb a mountain to provide transport to and from the [[summit]].


Mountain railways often use [[narrow gauge railways|narrow gauge]] tracks to allow for tight curves in the track and reduce tunnel size and [[structure gauge]], and hence construction cost and effort. Where mountain railways need to climb steep gradients, they may use [[steep grade railway]] technology, or even operate as [[funicular railway]]s.
Mountain railways often use [[narrow gauge railways|narrow gauge]] tracks to allow for tight curves in the track and reduce tunnel size and [[structure gauge]], and hence construction cost and effort. Where mountain railways need to climb steep gradients, they may use [[steep grade railway]] technology, or even operate as [[funicular railway]]s.
Line 8: Line 10:
<!-- This section is linked from [[Rack railway]] -->
<!-- This section is linked from [[Rack railway]] -->
{{For|railway lines named Mountain Line|Mountain Line (disambiguation){{!}}Mountain Line}}
{{For|railway lines named Mountain Line|Mountain Line (disambiguation){{!}}Mountain Line}}
{{See also|list of cog and rack railways}}
{{See also|list of rack railways}}
{{Expand list|date=August 2008}}
{{Expand list|date=August 2008}}


Line 17: Line 19:


* [[Glenreagh Mountain Railway]]
* [[Glenreagh Mountain Railway]]
* [[Mount Morgan, Queensland|Mt Morgan Rack Railway]] - abandoned in 1955.
* [[Mount Morgan, Queensland|Mt Morgan Rack Railway]] – abandoned in 1955.
* [[Skitube Alpine Railway]]
* [[Skitube Alpine Railway]]
* [[West Coast Wilderness Railway]]
* [[West Coast Wilderness Railway]]


===Austria===
===Austria===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Achensee Railway]]
* [[Achensee Railway]]
* [[Arlberg Railway]]
* [[Arlberg Railway]]
* [[Mariazell Railway]]
* [[Mariazell Railway]]
* [[Pöstlingberg Railway]]<!--[[:de:Pöstlingbergbahn]]--><ref>[http://www.linzag.at/navigation/section,id,383,nodeid,383 Described by the operator, Linz AG Linien] In German</ref>
* [[Pöstlingberg Railway]]<!--[[:de:Pöstlingbergbahn]]--><ref>[http://www.linzag.at/navigation/section,id,383,nodeid,383 Described by the operator, Linz AG Linien] In German</ref>
* [[Semmering Railway]] - A world Heritage Site
* [[Semmering Railway]] – A [[World Heritage Site]]
* [[Schafberg Railway]]
* [[Schafberg Railway]]
* [[Schneeberg Railway (cog railway)|Schneeberg Railway]]
* [[Schneeberg Railway (cog railway)|Schneeberg Railway]]
{{div col end}}


===Bolivia===
===Bolivia===
Line 40: Line 44:


===Canada===
===Canada===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[BC Rail]], crosses the [[Pacific Coast Ranges|Pacific Coast Range]] of the [[Coast Mountains]] ([[Garibaldi Ranges|Garibaldi]] & [[Lillooet Ranges]])
* [[BC Rail]], crosses the [[Pacific Coast Ranges|Pacific Coast Range]] of the [[Coast Mountains]] ([[Garibaldi Ranges|Garibaldi]] & [[Lillooet Ranges]])
* [[Kicking Horse Pass]]
* [[Kicking Horse Pass]]
Line 45: Line 50:
* [[White Pass and Yukon Route]]
* [[White Pass and Yukon Route]]
* [[Yellowhead Pass]]
* [[Yellowhead Pass]]
{{div col end}}


===Chile===
===Chile===
* [[Ferrocarill Arica La Paz]], [[Arica, Chile|Arica]]–[[La Paz]]
* [[Ferrocarill Arica La Paz]], [[Arica, Chile|Arica]]–[[La Paz]]
* [[Ferrocarril de Antofagasta a Bolivia]]
* [[Ferrocarril de Antofagasta a Bolivia]]
* El [[Transandine Railway|Ferrocarril Trasandino Los Andes - Mendoza]], [[Los Andes, Chile|Los Andes]] - [[Mendoza, Argentina|Mendoza]]. The rebuild will be adhesion only.<ref>[http://www.seconstruye.com/webnoticia/asp/interior.asp?id=17067 Se construye] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310140626/http://www.seconstruye.com/webnoticia/asp/interior.asp?id=17067 |date=2007-03-10 }}</ref>
* El [[Transandine Railway|Ferrocarril Trasandino Los Andes – Mendoza]], [[Los Andes, Chile|Los Andes]] – [[Mendoza, Argentina|Mendoza]]. The rebuild will be adhesion only.<ref>[http://www.seconstruye.com/webnoticia/asp/interior.asp?id=17067 Se construye] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310140626/http://www.seconstruye.com/webnoticia/asp/interior.asp?id=17067 |date=2007-03-10 }}</ref>


===China===
===China===
Line 74: Line 80:


===Germany===
===Germany===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*[[Berchtesgadener Bergbahn AG|Berchtesgaden Mountain Railway]]
*[[Drachenfels Railway]] (''Drachenfelsbahn'')
*[[Drachenfels Railway]] (''Drachenfelsbahn'')
* [[Harz Railway]] (''Harzbahn'')
* [[Harz Railway]] (''Harzbahn'')
Line 83: Line 89:
***[[Selke Valley Railway]](''Selketalbahn'')
***[[Selke Valley Railway]](''Selketalbahn'')
*[[Murg Valley Railway]] (''Murgtalbahn'')
*[[Murg Valley Railway]] (''Murgtalbahn'')
* [[Schwarza Valley Railway]] (''Schwarzatalbahn'')
* [[Schwarza Valley Railway]] (''Schwarzatalbahn'')<ref>[http://en.oberweissbacher-bergbahn.com/bergbahnland/attraktionen/schwarzatalbahn/ Schwarza valley line]</ref>
*[[Wendelstein Railway]] (''Wendelsteinbahn'')
*[[Wendelstein Railway]] (''Wendelsteinbahn'')
*[[Bavarian Zugspitze Railway]] (''Bayerische Zugspitzbahn'')
*[[Bavarian Zugspitze Railway]] (''Bayerische Zugspitzbahn'')
{{div col end}}


===Georgia===
===Georgia===
Line 98: Line 105:
===India===
===India===
{{Main|Mountain railways of India}}
{{Main|Mountain railways of India}}
*[[Darjeeling Himalayan Railway]] - A world Heritage Site
*[[Darjeeling Himalayan Railway]] – A world Heritage Site
*[[Nilgiri Mountain Railway]] - A world Heritage Site
*[[Nilgiri Mountain Railway]] – A world Heritage Site
*[[Kalka-Shimla Railway]] - A world Heritage Site
*[[Kalka-Shimla Railway]] – A world Heritage Site
*[[Kangra Valley Railway]]
*[[Matheran Hill Railway]]
*[[Matheran Hill Railway]]
*[[Jammu–Baramulla line]]


===Isle of Man===
===Isle of Man===
*[[Snaefell Mountain Railway]]
*[[Snaefell Mountain Railway]]

===Israel===
*[[Carmelit]]


===Italy===
===Italy===
Line 112: Line 124:
*[[Hakone Tozan Railway]]
*[[Hakone Tozan Railway]]
*[[Ikawa Line, Oigawa Railway]]
*[[Ikawa Line, Oigawa Railway]]
*[[Kurobe Gorge Railway]]


===Mexico===
===Mexico===
Line 125: Line 138:
*[[Empresa nacional de ferrocarriles del Peru]]
*[[Empresa nacional de ferrocarriles del Peru]]
*[[Ferrocarril Central Andino]] ([[Standard gauge]])
*[[Ferrocarril Central Andino]] ([[Standard gauge]])
*[[Ferrocarril Huancayo - Huancavelica]],<ref>[http://www.rrdc.com/images/map_fcca_new.gif Map of Huancayo - Huancavelica]</ref> (built to [[narrow gauge railways|narrow gauge]] {{RailGauge|3ft}})
*[[Ferrocarril Huancayo - Huancavelica]],<ref>[http://www.rrdc.com/images/map_fcca_new.gif Map of Huancayo – Huancavelica]</ref> (built to [[narrow gauge railways|narrow gauge]] {{RailGauge|3ft|lk=on|disp=or}}, but [[Track gauge conversion|converted]] to {{RailGauge|56.5in|allk=on|disp=or}} between 2006 and 2010<ref>{{cite web |title=Huancavelica upgrade |url=https://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/huancavelica-upgrade.html |website=Railway Gazette International |access-date=16 September 2019 |date=1 Jun 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=El Tren Macho reanudó sus operaciones entre Huancayo y Huancavelica |url=http://archivo.elcomercio.pe/sociedad/lima/tren-macho-reanudo-sus-operaciones-entre-huancayo-huancavelica-noticia-1343837 |website=El Comercio |access-date=16 September 2019 |language=es |date=5 Dec 2011}}</ref>)
*[[Ferrocarril del sur de Peru]] [[Arequipa]] - [[Puno]], ([[Standard gauge]])
*[[Ferrocarril del sur de Peru]] [[Arequipa]] – [[Puno]], ([[Standard gauge]])
*[[Cusco - Machu Picchu]], Cusco - [[Machu Picchu]] ({{RailGauge|3ft}} gauge)
*[[Cusco - Machu Picchu]], Cusco – [[Machu Picchu]] ({{RailGauge|3ft|disp=or}} gauge)


===Romania===
===Romania===
[[File:Anina-Oravita 03 2010.jpg|thumb|View from Oraviţa - Anina railway in 2010.]]
[[File:Anina-Oravita 03 2010.jpg|thumb|View from Oravița – Anina railway in 2010.]]
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}

*[[Ploiești]] - [[Braşov]] railway
*[[Ploiești]] – [[Brașov]] railway
*[[Braşov]] - [[Sibiu]] - [[Arad, Romania|Arad]] railway
*[[Brașov]] – [[Sibiu]] – [[Arad, Romania|Arad]] railway
*[[Râmnicu Vâlcea]] - [[Sibiu]] railway
*[[Râmnicu Vâlcea]] – [[Sibiu]] railway
*[[Târgu Jiu]] - [[Simeria]] railway
*[[Târgu Jiu]] – [[Simeria]] railway
*[[Drobeta Turnu Severin]] - [[Caransebeş]] railway
*[[Drobeta-Turnu Severin]] – [[Caransebeș]] railway
*[[Oraviţa]] - [[Anina]] railway
*[[Oraviţa]] – [[Anina]] railway
*[[Cluj Napoca]] - [[Oradea]] railway
*[[Cluj-Napoca]] – [[Oradea]] railway
*[[Braşov]] - [[Miercurea Ciuc]] - [[Deda, Romania|Deda]] railway, and Braşov - [[Întorsura Buzăului]]
*[[Brașov]] – [[Miercurea Ciuc]] – [[Deda, Romania|Deda]] railway, and Brașov – [[Întorsura Buzăului]]
*[[Salva, Bistrița-Năsăud|Salva]] - [[Sighetul Marmatiei]] railway
*[[Salva, Bistrița-Năsăud|Salva]] – [[Sighetul Marmatiei]] railway
*[[Adjud]] - [[Siculeni]] railway
*[[Adjud]] – [[Siculeni]] railway
*[[Suceava]] - [[Ilva Mică]] railway, and [[Vama, Suceava|Vama]] - [[Moldovita]]
*[[Suceava]] – [[Ilva Mică]] railway, and [[Vama, Suceava|Vama]] – [[Moldovita]]
*[[Arad, Romania|Arad]] - [[Ineu]] - [[Brad, Hunedoara|Brad]]
*[[Arad, Romania|Arad]] – [[Ineu]] – [[Brad, Hunedoara|Brad]]
*[[Buzău]] - [[Nehoiaşu]].
*[[Buzău]] – [[Nehoiu|Nehoiașu]].
{{div col end}}


===Russia===
===Russia===
[[File:Участок Апшеронской УЖД, перегон Гуамка - Мезмай.JPG|thumb|[[Apsheronsk narrow-gauge railway|Apsheronsk railway]]]]
[[File:Участок Апшеронской УЖД, перегон Гуамка - Мезмай.JPG|thumb|[[Apsheronsk narrow-gauge railway|Apsheronsk railway]]]]
* [[Apsheronsk narrow-gauge railway]] - located in the [[Krasnodar Krai]], gauge of {{RailGauge|750mm}}.<ref>[http://www.internationalsteam.co.uk/trains/russia18.htm Apsheronsk railway]</ref><ref>[http://www.internationalsteam.co.uk/trains/russia19.htm Tourist Railway]</ref>
* [[Apsheronsk narrow-gauge railway]] – located in the [[Krasnodar Krai]], gauge of {{RailGauge|750mm}}.<ref>[http://www.internationalsteam.co.uk/trains/russia18.htm Apsheronsk railway]</ref><ref>[http://www.internationalsteam.co.uk/trains/russia19.htm Tourist Railway]</ref>


===Slovakia===
===Slovakia===
*[[Čierny Hron Railway]]
*[[Čierny Hron Railway]]

===Slovenia===
[[Bohinj Railway|Bohinj railway]]


===Spain===
===Spain===
Line 159: Line 176:
===Switzerland===
===Switzerland===
{{main|List of mountain railways in Switzerland}}
{{main|List of mountain railways in Switzerland}}
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*[[Appenzeller Bahnen]]<!--[[:de:Appenzeller Bahnen]]-->
*[[Appenzeller Bahnen]]<!--[[:de:Appenzeller Bahnen]]-->
*[[Bergbahn Lauterbrunnen-Mürren]]
*[[Bergbahn Lauterbrunnen-Mürren]]
Line 177: Line 195:
*[[Jungfraubahn]]
*[[Jungfraubahn]]
*[[Harderbahn]]
*[[Harderbahn]]
*[[Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn]] (formerly [[BVZ Zermatt-Bahn]], [[Furka Oberalp Bahn]])<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bvzholding.ch/de/unternehmen/geschichte/ |title=Unsere Geschichte: Von der Visp-Zermatt-Bahn bis zur BVZ Holding AG |publisher=BVZ Holding AG |location=Brig, Switzerland |language=de, fr, en |accessdate=2017-07-03}}</ref>
*[[Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn]] (formerly [[BVZ Zermatt-Bahn]], [[Furka Oberalp Bahn]])<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bvzholding.ch/de/unternehmen/geschichte/ |title=Unsere Geschichte: Von der Visp-Zermatt-Bahn bis zur BVZ Holding AG |publisher=BVZ Holding AG |location=Brig, Switzerland |language=de, fr, en |access-date=2017-07-03}}</ref>
*[[Monte Generoso Railway]]
*[[Monte Generoso Railway]]
*[[Montreux–Lenk im Simmental line]]
*[[Chemin de Fer Montreux Oberland Bernois]]
*[[Pilatusbahn]]
*[[Pilatusbahn]]
*[[Rhätische Bahn]]
*[[Rhätische Bahn]]
Line 192: Line 210:
*[[Waldenburgerbahn]]
*[[Waldenburgerbahn]]
*[[Zentralbahn]] (former [[Luzern-Stans-Engelberg-Bahn]], [[Brünigbahn]])
*[[Zentralbahn]] (former [[Luzern-Stans-Engelberg-Bahn]], [[Brünigbahn]])
{{div col end}}


===Taiwan (Republic of China)===
===Taiwan===
* [[Alishan Forest Railway]]
* [[Alishan Forest Railway]]


===United Kingdom===
===United Kingdom===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*[[Brecon Mountain Railway]]
*[[Brecon Mountain Railway]]
*[[Cairngorm Mountain Railway]]
*[[Cairngorm Mountain Railway]]
*[[Conwy Valley line]]
*[[Ffestiniog Railway]]
*[[Ffestiniog Railway]]
*[[Highland Main Line]]
*[[Highland Main Line]]
*[[Settle–Carlisle line]]
*[[Snowdon Mountain Railway]]
*[[Snowdon Mountain Railway]]
*[[Welsh Highland Railway]]
*[[Welsh Highland Railway]]
*[[West Highland Line]]
*[[West Highland Line]]
{{div col end}}


===United States===
===United States===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*[[Alamogordo and Sacramento Mountain Railway]]
*[[Alamogordo and Sacramento Mountain Railway]]
*[[Boca and Loyalton Railroad]]
*[[Boca and Loyalton Railroad]]
Line 236: Line 260:
*[[Uintah Railway]]
*[[Uintah Railway]]
*[[White Pass and Yukon Route]]
*[[White Pass and Yukon Route]]
{{div col end}}


===Venezuela===
===Venezuela===
Line 241: Line 266:


===Vietnam===
===Vietnam===
*[[Đà Lạt]]–[[Phan Rang-Tháp Chàm|Tháp Chàm]] Railway - Abandoned after the [[Vietnam War]].
*[[Đà Lạt]]–[[Phan Rang-Tháp Chàm|Tháp Chàm]] Railway – Abandoned after the [[Vietnam War]].


==Mountain railways in fiction==
==Mountain railways in fiction==
Line 263: Line 288:


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.fo-bahn.ch/ Homepage of the Matterhorn-Gotthard-Bahn] (in English, German, French)
*[http://www.fo-bahn.ch/ Homepage of the Matterhorn-Gotthard-Bahn] {{in lang|en|de|fr}}
*[http://www.rail-info.ch/index.en.html Narrow gauge railways of Switzerland] (in English and German)
*[http://www.rail-info.ch/index.en.html Narrow gauge railways of Switzerland] {{in language|en|de}}
*[http://www.amigosdeltren.cl/ferrochile/historia/trasandino/histo_trasandino_es.php El Ferrocarril Trasandino Los Andes] – [[Mendoza, Argentina]] ([[Trans-Andean Railways]]) (All others in Spanish only)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060511170433/http://www.amigosdeltren.cl/ferrochile/historia/trasandino/histo_trasandino_es.php El Ferrocarril Trasandino Los Andes] – [[Mendoza, Argentina]] ([[Trans-Andean Railways]]) (all others in Spanish only)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070310140626/http://www.seconstruye.com/webnoticia/asp/interior.asp?id=17067 seconstruye.com el tren Los Andes] – Mendoza
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070310140626/http://www.seconstruye.com/webnoticia/asp/interior.asp?id=17067 seconstruye.com el tren Los Andes] – Mendoza
*[http://www.accpf.cl/html/act/fctc.html Museo Ferrocarril Transandino]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060505135052/http://www.accpf.cl/html/act/fctc.html Museo Ferrocarril Transandino]
*[http://www.rrdc.com/op_peru_fcca.html Ferrocarril Central Andina S.A.]
*[http://www.rrdc.com/op_peru_fcca.html Ferrocarril Central Andina S.A.]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060901182141/http://www.ferroviasperu.com.pe/indexe.html Ferrocarril Central Andino S.A.]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060901182141/http://www.ferroviasperu.com.pe/indexe.html Ferrocarril Central Andino S.A.]

Latest revision as of 08:33, 25 July 2024

Brienz Rothorn Bahn ascending Brienzer Rothorn in the Swiss Alps
Vall de Núria Rack Railway, Catalonia

A mountain railway is a railway that operates in a mountainous region. It may operate through the mountains by following mountain valleys and tunneling beneath mountain passes, or it may climb a mountain to provide transport to and from the summit.

Mountain railways often use narrow gauge tracks to allow for tight curves in the track and reduce tunnel size and structure gauge, and hence construction cost and effort. Where mountain railways need to climb steep gradients, they may use steep grade railway technology, or even operate as funicular railways.

List of mountain railways

[edit]
For railway lines named Mountain Line, see Mountain Line.
See also: list of rack railways

Argentina

[edit]

Australia

[edit]

Austria

[edit]

Bolivia

[edit]

Brazil

[edit]

Canada

[edit]

Chile

[edit]

China

[edit]

Colombia

[edit]

Croatia

[edit]

Eritrea

[edit]

France

[edit]

Germany

[edit]

Georgia

[edit]

Greece

[edit]

Hong Kong

[edit]

India

[edit]
Main article: Mountain railways of India

Isle of Man

[edit]

Israel

[edit]

Italy

[edit]

Japan

[edit]

Mexico

[edit]

New Zealand

[edit]

Norway

[edit]

Peru

[edit]

Romania

[edit]
View from Oravița – Anina railway in 2010.

Russia

[edit]
Apsheronsk railway

Slovakia

[edit]

Slovenia

[edit]

Bohinj railway

Spain

[edit]

Switzerland

[edit]
Main article: List of mountain railways in Switzerland

Taiwan

[edit]

United Kingdom

[edit]

United States

[edit]

Venezuela

[edit]

Vietnam

[edit]

Mountain railways in fiction

[edit]

The Culdee Fell Railway is featured in the book Mountain Engines, part of The Railway Series by Rev.W.Awdry.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Described by the operator, Linz AG Linien In German
  2. ^ Se construye Archived 2007-03-10 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ Schwarza valley line
  4. ^ "Georgian Railway".
  5. ^ Map of Huancayo – Huancavelica
  6. ^ "Huancavelica upgrade". Railway Gazette International. 1 Jun 2006. Retrieved 16 September 2019.
  7. ^ "El Tren Macho reanudó sus operaciones entre Huancayo y Huancavelica". El Comercio (in Spanish). 5 Dec 2011. Retrieved 16 September 2019.
  8. ^ Apsheronsk railway
  9. ^ Tourist Railway
  10. ^ "Unsere Geschichte: Von der Visp-Zermatt-Bahn bis zur BVZ Holding AG" (in German, French, and English). Brig, Switzerland: BVZ Holding AG. Retrieved 2017-07-03.
[edit]
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