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<section begin="oliverBA" />
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{{nowrap|{{legend|#3fff3f|Certified for ballot (35 states, 352 electors){{efn-lr|Oliver on the ballot in:<ref>{{cite news |last1=Winger |first1=Richard |title=May 2024 Ballot Access News Print Edition |url=https://ballot-access.org/2024/06/03/may-2024-ballot-access-news-print-edition/}}</ref><!-- this reference is deliberately repeated to enable sectional transclusion -->
{{nowrap|{{legend|#3fff3f|Certified for ballot (36 states, 371 electors){{efn-lr|Oliver on the ballot in:<ref>{{cite news |last1=Winger |first1=Richard |title=May 2024 Ballot Access News Print Edition |url=https://ballot-access.org/2024/06/03/may-2024-ballot-access-news-print-edition/}}</ref><!-- this reference is deliberately repeated to enable sectional transclusion -->
* [[Alaska]] (3)
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* [[Arkansas]] (6)
* [[Arkansas]] (6)
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* [[Oklahoma]] (7)
* [[Oklahoma]] (7)
* [[Oregon]] (8)
* [[Oregon]] (8)
* [[Pennsylvania]] (19)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pavoterservices.pa.gov/ElectionInfo/electioninfo.aspx|title=Election Information|website=PA Voter Services|publisher=Pennsylvania Department of State|access-date=July 30, 2024}}</ref>
* [[South Carolina]] (9)
* [[South Carolina]] (9)
* [[South Dakota]] (3)
* [[South Dakota]] (3)
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{{nowrap|{{legend|#fffebe|Automatic write-in (4 states, 36 electors){{efn-lr|Libertarian Party write-in states:
{{nowrap|{{legend|#fffebe|Automatic write-in (3 states, 17 electors){{efn-lr|Libertarian Party write-in states:
* [[Alabama]] (9)
* [[Alabama]] (9)
* [[New Hampshire]] (4)
* [[New Hampshire]] (4)
* [[Pennsylvania]] (19)
* [[Rhode Island]] (4)
* [[Rhode Island]] (4)
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{{nowrap|{{legend|#3fff3f|Certified for ballot (23 states, 279 electors){{efn-lr|Stein on the ballot in:<ref name=BANMay>{{cite news |last1=Winger |first1=Richard |title=May 2024 Ballot Access News Print Edition |url=https://ballot-access.org/2024/06/03/may-2024-ballot-access-news-print-edition/}}</ref><!-- this reference is deliberately repeated to enable sectional transclusion -->
{{nowrap|{{legend|#3fff3f|Certified for ballot (24 states, 298 electors){{efn-lr|Stein on the ballot in:<ref name=BANMay>{{cite news |last1=Winger |first1=Richard |title=May 2024 Ballot Access News Print Edition |url=https://ballot-access.org/2024/06/03/may-2024-ballot-access-news-print-edition/}}</ref><!-- this reference is deliberately repeated to enable sectional transclusion -->
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* [[Oregon]] (8)
* [[Oregon]] (8)
* [[Pennsylvania]] (19)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pavoterservices.pa.gov/ElectionInfo/electioninfo.aspx|title=Election Information|website=PA Voter Services|publisher=Pennsylvania Department of State|access-date=July 30, 2024}}</ref>
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{{nowrap|{{legend|#fffebe|Automatic write-in (7 states, 48 electors){{efn-lr|Stein write-in states:
{{nowrap|{{legend|#fffebe|Automatic write-in (6 states, 29 electors){{efn-lr|Stein write-in states:
* [[Alabama]] (9)
* [[Alabama]] (9)
* [[New Hampshire]] (4)
* [[New Hampshire]] (4)
* [[Iowa]] (6)
* [[Iowa]] (6)
* [[Pennsylvania]] (19)
* [[Rhode Island]] (4)
* [[Rhode Island]] (4)
* [[Vermont]] (3)
* [[Vermont]] (3)

Revision as of 15:29, 2 August 2024

Third-party and independent candidates for the 2024 United States presidential election
← 2020
2028 →
2024 U.S. presidential election
Republican Party
Democratic Party
Third parties
Related races
← 2020 2024 2028 →

This article lists third party and independent candidates, also jointly known as minor candidates, associated with the 2024 United States presidential election.

Polling as of October 2023 for third-party candidates in this election cycle has suggested the highest level of support for such a candidate since Ross Perot in 1992 and 1996.[1] Polls were especially high for Robert F. Kennedy Jr., as of May 2024,[2] who withdrew his candidacy in the Democratic Party primaries in October 2023 to run as an independent.[3]

General election candidates

Candidates with majority ballot access

See also: Ballot access in the 2024 United States presidential election

The following general election candidates currently have ballot access to at least 270 electoral votes, the minimum number required to attain the presidency. Ballot access deadlines vary from state to state.

Party
 Presidential nominee Vice presidential nominee Campaign States with ballot access Ref.

Chase Oliver
Nominee for U.S. Senator from Georgia in 2022 and sales executive
Mike ter Maat
Former economist at Office of Management and Budget and police officer
Website

Campaign

  Certified for ballot (36 states, 371 electors)[i]
  Petition awaiting certification (3 states, 50 electors)[ii]
  Automatic write-in (3 states, 17 electors)[iii]
  Not on ballot
  State party rejected nominee (1 state, 4 electors)[iv]
[12]

Jill Stein
Nominee for U.S. president in 2012 and 2016 from Massachusetts
TBD
Website

Campaign
Listed as an independent in:
AK, ID

  Certified for ballot (24 states, 298 electors)[v]
  Petition awaiting certification (6 states, 75 electors)[vi]
  Automatic write-in (6 states, 29 electors)[vii]
  Not on ballot
 [20]

Candidates with partial ballot access

The following general election candidates currently have ballot access to fewer than 270 electoral votes, the minimum number required to attain the presidency.

See also: Ballot access in the 2024 United States presidential election
Party
 Presidential nominee Vice presidential nominee Campaign States with ballot access Ref.

Robert F. Kennedy Jr.
Attorney and activist from California

Nicole Shanahan
Attorney and technologist from California
Website
Campaign
FEC filing[21][22][23]
Additional party nominations:
We the People Party (HI, IA, IN, LA, NC, NY, OR, PA)
Natural Law Party of Michigan[b] (MI)
American Independent Party (CA)
Independent Party of Delaware (DE)
Alliance Party (SC)
Reform Party (FL, MS)
  Certified for ballot (20 states, 236 electors)[viii]
  Petition awaiting certification (22 states, 244 electors)[ix]
  Automatic write-in (2 states, 7 electors)[x]
  Not on ballot
 [59][60][61]
File:Constitution Party 2024 Presidential Ticket (cropped).jpg
Randall Terry
Activist and perennial candidate from Tennessee 		File:Constitution Party 2024 Presidential Ticket (cropped2).jpg
Stephen Broden
Pastor and political commentator from Texas
Website
Campaign
Additional party nominations:
Constitution Party of Oregon (OR)[c]
  Certified for ballot (11 states, 114 electors)[xi]
  Petition awaiting certification (3 states, 36electors)[xii]
  Automatic write-in (5 states, 26 electors)[xiii]
  Not on ballot
  State party rejected nominee (2 states, 12 electors)[xiv]
[66][67]

Cornel West
Academic and activist from California
Melina Abdullah
Academic and activist from California
Website
Campaign

FEC filing[68][69][70]
Additional party nominations:
Aurora Party (AK)
Oregon Progressive Party (OR)
United Citizens Party (SC)
Unity Party of Colorado[d] (CO)
Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party (VT)
Nebraska Legal Marijuana NOW Party (NE)
Natural Law Party (FL, MS)

  Certified for ballot (9 states, 80 electors)[xv]
  Petition awaiting certification (2 states, 31 electors)[xvi]
  Registered write-in (1 state, 11 electors)[xvii]
  Automatic write-in (7 states, 59 electors)[xviii]
  Not on ballot
 [71][82]

Claudia De la Cruz
Activist from New York
Karina Garcia
Activist from California
Website
Campaign

FEC filing[83]
Additional party nominations:
South Carolina Workers Party (SC)
Listed as an independent in:
ID, UT

  Certified for ballot (8 states, 61 electors)[xix]
  Petition awaiting certification (6 states, 73 electors)[xx]
  Registered write-in (1 state, 11 electors)[xxi]
  Automatic write-in (6 states, 34 electors)[xxii]
  Not on ballot
 [97][98]
File:Peter Sonski Portrait.jpg
Peter Sonski
Local politician from Connecticut 		File:Lauren Onak Portrait.jpg
Lauren Onak
Teacher from Massachusetts
Website
Campaign
June 13, 2023
FEC filing[99]
  Certified for ballot (2 states, 10 electors)[xxiii]
  Petition awaiting certification (1 state, 14 electors)[xxiv]
  Registered write-in (2 states, 39 electors)[xxv]
  Automatic write-in (8 states, 56 electors)[xxvi]
  Not on ballot
 [104]
File:Joel Skousen 2024.jpg
Joel Skousen
Survivalist and consultant from Utah
Rik Combs
Businessman from Missouri 		Website
May 6, 2024
  Certified for ballot (2 states, 12 electors)[xxvii]
  Automatic write-in (9 states, 70 electors)[xxviii]
  Not on ballot
 [65]
Blake Huber

Nominee for President in 2020 from Colorado

Andrea Denault

Activist and political consultant from North Dakota

Website
March 16, 2024
  Certified for ballot (1 state, 10 electors)[xxix]
  Automatic write-in (9 states, 70 electors)[xxx]
  Not on ballot
 [105]

Chris Garrity

Former Army Ranger and Environmentalist from New Hampshire

Cody Ballard

Former Army Ranger and Assistant State Attorney from Maryland


Website
June 2, 2023
FEC filing[106]
  Certified for ballot (1 state, 7 electors)[xxxi]
  Registered write-in (4 states, 30 electors)[xxxii]
  Automatic write-in (9 states, 70 electors)[xxxiii]
  Not on ballot

Shiva Ayyadurai
Entrepreneur from Massachusetts[f] 		Crystal Ellis
2022 gubernatorial candidate from Nebraska
Website
September 4, 2023
FEC filing[112]
  Certified for ballot (1 state, 6 electors)[xxxiv]
  Petition awaiting certification (1 state, 14 electors)[xxxv]
  Automatic write-in (8 states, 56 electors)[xxxvi]
  Not on ballot
Michael Wood
Businessman and Prohibition National Committee member from California 		John Pietrowski
Prohibition National Committee member from Ohio 		Website
July 5, 2023
FEC filing[114]
  Certified for ballot (1 state, 6 electors)[xxxvii]
  Automatic write-in (9 states, 70 electors)[xxxviii]
  Not on ballot
 [116]
File:Lucifer Everylove pi.jpg
Lucifer “Justin Case” Everylove

Marijuana Activist
from New Hampshire

TBA
  Certified for ballot (1 state, 6 electors)[xxxix]
  Automatic write-in (9 states, 70 electors)[xl]
  Not on ballot
File:Jasmine Sherman for President 2024.jpg
Jasmine Sherman

Landlord and Non-Profit Executive from North Carolina

File:Tands BluBear.jpg
Tanda BluBear

Activist from California


Website
December 2, 2021
FEC filing[117]
  Certified for ballot (1 state, 3 electors)[xli]
  Automatic write-in (9 states, 70 electors)[xlii]
  Not on ballot
 [118]

Candidates without ballot access

Parties and candidates in this section have not attained ballot access in any states.

Notable parties:

Notable independents:

Nominating processes

Yard signs in Southington, Connecticut promoting third-party 2024 candidates.

Schedule

Third-party nomination schedule
Date Party nomination event
May 9, 2023 Prohibition Party presidential nominating convention
June 1, 2023 American Solidarity Party online primary
April 6, 2024 Unity Party of America nominating convention
April 13, 2024 Unity Party of Colorado[j] nominating convention
April 17, 2024 Natural Law Party nominating convention
April 27, 2024 Constitution Party nominating convention
May 23, 2024 Reform National Convention
May 25, 2024 Constitution Party of Oregon nominating convention
May 26, 2024 Libertarian National Convention
May 30, 2024 Approval Voting Party nominating convention
June 1, 2024 Pirate National Convention
June 23, 2024 Green Party of Alaska Nominating Meeting
August 15, 2024 Green National Convention
August 2024 Peace and Freedom Party state central committee meeting

Libertarian Party

Main article: 2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries

The Libertarian Party is participating in several non-binding preference primaries in 2024. The party's presidential nominee will be chosen directly by delegates at the 2024 Libertarian National Convention, which is scheduled to be held on Memorial Day weekend from May 24 to 26, 2024, in Washington, D.C.[145][146]

Prior to the LP 2024 National Convention, 38 candidates filed with the Federal Election Commission to run for the Libertarian Party presidential nomination in 2024.[147]

Nominee

2024 Libertarian Party nominee
Name Born Experience Home state Campaign
Announcement date 		Contests
won 		Popular
vote 		Running
mate[k] 		Ref.

Chase Oliver 		August 16, 1985
(age 39)
Nashville, Tennessee 		Nominee for U.S. Senator from Georgia in 2022
Candidate for GA-05 in 2020
Chair of the Atlanta Libertarian Party (2016–2017) 		 Georgia
Campaign
Website
April 5, 2023
FEC filing[148] 		6
(IA, IN, AZ, OK, CT, NE) 		3,498 (8.6%) Mike ter Maat[149][l] [151]

Eliminated at convention

This section includes candidates who filed paperwork with the Federal Election Commission with intent to run under the Libertarian Party and who met one or more of the following criteria: a) meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines; b) participated in at least three Libertarian Party-sponsored debates; or c) received non-trivial media coverage as a candidate in this election cycle.

Eliminated in convention balloting
Candidate Born Experience Home state Campaign announced
Announcement date 		Campaign suspended
Suspension date 		Contests
won 		Popular
vote 		Ref.
No preference/
None of the above/
Uncommitted 		N/A May 26, 2024 (eliminated in seventh balloting) 2
(NC, MA) 		6,384 (15.7%) [152]

Michael
Rectenwald 		January 29, 1959
(age 65)
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 		Author and Scholar
Former New York University professor (2008–2019) 		 Pennsylvania
August 28, 2023
FEC filing[153] 		May 26, 2024 (eliminated in sixth balloting) 2
(MS, AL) 		943 (2.3%) [154]


Mike ter Maat

June 20, 1961
(age 63)
Portland, Oregon 		Economist
Former Hallandale Beach, Florida police officer
Nominee for FL-20 in 2022 		 Virginia
April 18, 2022
FEC filing[155] 		May 26, 2024 (eliminated during fifth balloting; endorsed Oliver during balloting)
(ran for vice-president) 		1
(PA) 		589 (1.5%)

Lars Mapstead
Lars Mapstead

August 14, 1969
(age 55)
Monterey, California 		Co-founder of Friend Finder Networks
Founder of Fupa Games and Legendary Speed[156] 		 California

March 23, 2021
FEC filing[157]
Running mate: Larry Sharpe[158]

May 26, 2024 (eliminated during fourth balloting; endorsed Oliver after his nomination) 2
(ME, NM) 		1,226 (3.0%) [159]


Joshua Smith

March 13, 1983
(age 41)
Antioch, California 		Vice Chair of the Libertarian National Committee
(2022–2023) 		 Iowa

July 24, 2023
FEC filing[160]

May 26, 2024 (eliminated during third balloting) 1
(MN) 		416 (1.0%) [154]

Jacob Hornberger		 January 28, 1950
(age 74)
Laredo, Texas 		Founder and President of the Future of Freedom Foundation
Independent candidate for U.S. Senate from Virginia in 2002
Candidate for President in 2000 and 2020 		 Virginia
February 20, 2023
FEC filing[161] 		May 26, 2024 (eliminated during second balloting) 0 2,043 (5.0%) [154]

Charles Ballay

January 1, 1970
(age 54)
New Orleans, Louisiana 		Otolaryngologist  Louisiana
August 24, 2023
FEC filing[162] 		May 26, 2024 (eliminated during initial balloting; endorsed Oliver after his nomination) 1
(CA) 		22,337 (55.1%) [163]

Art Olivier

August 24, 1957
(age 67)
Lynwood, California 		Nominee for U.S. Vice President in 2000
Nominee for Governor of California in 2006
Mayor of Bellflower, California (1998–1999) 		 California

December 11, 2023
FEC filing[164]

May 26, 2024 (eliminated during initial balloting) 0 5 (nil%) [165]


Withdrew before the primaries

Former candidates in the 2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries
Name Born Experience Home state Campaign
announced 		Campaign
suspended 		Campaign Ref.

Joe Exotic 		March 5, 1963
(age 60)
Garden City, Kansas 		Businessman and media personality
Owner of the Greater Wynnewood Exotic Animal Park (1998–2018)
Independent candidate for president in 2016
Candidate for Governor of Oklahoma in 2018 		 Texas March 10, 2023 April 11, 2023
(ran for the Democratic nomination)[166]
FEC filing[167] 		[168]

Green Party

Main article: 2024 Green Party presidential primaries

The Green Party is holding a series of presidential primaries through which convention delegates will be awarded to candidates and will nominate the party's presidential ticket at the 2024 Green National Convention,[169] which is scheduled to take place as a virtual event from August 15 to 18, 2024.[170]

The individuals listed below are declared candidates who have filed paperwork with the Federal Election Commission with intent to run under the Green Party and who meet one or more of the following criteria: a) meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines; b) have participated (or have been invited to participate) in at least two Green Party-sponsored debates or c) have received non-trivial media coverage as a candidate in this election cycle.

Green nominee for the 2024 presidential election
Name Born Experience Home state Campaign
Announcement date 		Contests won Delegates Popular vote Running mate Ref.

Jill Stein 		May 14, 1950
(age 74)
Chicago, Illinois 		Nominee for president in 2012 and 2016
Member of the Lexington Town Meeting from the 2nd Precinct
Activist 		 Massachusetts
Campaign
November 9, 2023
FEC filing[171][172] 		20 (KS, PA, CA, IL, AZ, NY, WA, NV, TX, WI, CT, TN, OH, MD, NJ, NM, UT, WV, IN, DC) Pledged: 182 (91.9%)
Convention: 267 (91.1%) 		16,597 (96.5%) Butch Ware [173]
Other candidates in the 2024 Green Party presidential primaries
Name Born Experience Home state Campaign
Announcement date 		Contests won Delegates Popular vote Running mate Ref.
Other candidates formally recognized by GPUS[174]

Jasmine Sherman 		August 17, 1985
(age 39)
Queens, New York 		Executive Director of Greater Charlotte Rise  North Carolina
February 18, 2022
FEC filing[175][176] 		None Pledged: 10 (5.1%)
Convention: 13 (4.5%) 		72 (0.4%) Tanda Blubear[177] [8][178]

Jorge Zevala 		unknown Businessman  California October 13, 2023
FEC filing[179] 		None None 18 (0.1%) [8][178]
Alternate ballot options:
None of the above N/A 1 (MT) Pledged: 6 (2.5%)
Convention: 10 (3.4%) 		505 (2.9%)

Constitution Party

Main article: 2024 Constitution Party presidential primaries

The Constitution Party held its presidential nominating convention on April 24–27, 2024, in Salt Lake City, Utah.[180][181]

Eight candidates sought the nomination:[182]

Jim Harvey of Georgia (who ultimately did not seek the nomination), Joel Skousen, and Randall Terry participated in an April 6 debate in Dearborn, Michigan.[186][187]

Terry won the nomination by securing a majority in the first round. The votes largely broke down along geographic lines. Skousen, who is from Utah, received all 61 votes from the delegations of the Four Corners states, but only 19 votes from the rest of the country combined. The only state delegations he carried outside of the region were New Hampshire and West Virginia. Venable won the majority of votes from South Carolina and his home state of Missouri and Daniel Cummings won a plurality in his home state of Wyoming. The remaining ten delegations were all won by Terry.[182]

Pastor and political commentator Stephen Broden, who was running on a ticket with Terry, received the vice-presidential nomination via voice vote.[188]

Aside from the presidential nomination, much of the debate at the convention focused on an ultimately defeated amendment by Skousen to remove references to God from the party platform.[189]

2024 Constitution Party Presidential Nomination Vote
Candidate Votes Percentage
Randall Terry 144 54.55%
Joel Skousen 80 30.30%
Paul Venable 32 12.12%
Daniel Cummings 4 1.52%
Brandon McIntyre 2 0.76%
Samm Tittle 2 0.76%
Louis C. Hook 0 0.00%
Ben Stewart 0 0.00%
Total: 264 100.00%
Source:[190][better source needed]
Constitution Party vice presidential nomination
Candidate Votes Percentage
Stephen Broden Nominated via Voice Vote
Source:[188]

The Constitution Party received 60,023 votes in the 2020 election.

The Nevada and Utah state parties split with the national party and nominated Skousen. [191]

American Independent Party

The American Independent Party held a non-binding presidential preference primary in California on March 5, 2024. James Bradley was the only candidate listed on the ballot and defeated Andrew George Rummel, who was a recognized write-in candidate.[192][193]

2024 California American Independent primary[194]
Candidate Votes Percentage
James Bradley 45,565 99.96%
Andrew George Rummel (write-in) 16 0.04%
Total: 45,581 100.0%

On April 29, 2024, the party announced that it had nominated independent presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr.[195][196]

Main article: 2024 Minnesota Legal Marijuana Now presidential primary

The Legal Marijuana Now Party held its first-ever presidential nomination primary in Minnesota on Super Tuesday, March 5. This was the first presidential primary to be held in Minnesota for a third party since 1916.[197] Krystal Gabel withdrew from the race during Legal Marijuana Now Party's candidate filing discussions. When Gabel asked to be removed from the ballot, after early voting had started on January 19, 2024, the Minnesota Secretary of State's office stated that changes cannot be made to the list of candidates after the list was certified 63 days prior to the election, and Gabel's name remained on ballots.[198]

Five candidates appeared on the ballot:

Of Minnesota's three major political parties, all of which included a write in option for their 2024 nominating primaries, only the Legal Marijuana Now party submitted to the Secretary of State a write in name to be counted, singer-songwriter Willie Nelson.[200]

2024 Minnesota Legal Marijuana Now primary
Candidate Votes Percentage Delegates
Krystal Gabel (withdrawn) 759 28.84% -
Dennis Schuller 459 17.44% 7
Vermin Supreme 397 15.08% 6
Rudy Reyes 365 13.87% 5
Edward Forchion 168 6.38% 2
Willie Nelson (write-in) 19 0.72% 0
Other write-ins 465 17.67% -
Total: 2,632 100.00% 20
Source:[201]

Gabel won a plurality of the vote (28.8%), but withdrew ahead of the primary. Of declared candidates, Dennis Schuller finished in the lead, with 17.4%.[202] At the state convention in Bloomington on July 6, Schuller was later chosen as the presidential nominee, with Reyes as his running mate.[121] However, the party lost automatic ballot access in a May 2024 ruling by the Minnesota Supreme Court, meaning party officials would have to petition for ballot access.[203]

The party is also ballot-qualified in Nebraska, but no candidates qualified for the May 14 primary. Instead, the state affiliate party nominated Cornel West.[204]

Peace and Freedom Party

Main article: 2024 United States presidential election in California § Peace and Freedom primary

The Peace and Freedom Party held a non-binding preference primary in California on Super Tuesday, March 5. Claudia De la Cruz, the nominee of the Party for Socialism and Liberation, won the primary with a plurality, defeating Jasmine Sherman and Cornel West.[205] The party's presidential nominee will be chosen by the state central committee in August.[206]

2024 California Peace and Freedom primary[207]
Candidate Votes Percentage
Claudia De la Cruz 6,430 47.0%
Cornel West 5,455 39.9%
Jasmine Sherman 1,795 13.1%
Total: 13,680 100.0%

American Solidarity Party

The American Solidarity Party announced on June 2, 2023, that Peter Sonski had won their party's online primary, which lasted from May 24 to June 1. Sonski was nominated in the first round of ranked-choice voting with 52%. Sonski then selected Lauren Onak as his vice president, who was then officially nominated via unanimous consent.

American Solidarity Party presidential nomination
Candidate Votes Percentage
Peter Sonski 328 52.5%
Jacqueline Abernathy 207 33.1
Joe Schriner 50 8.0
Larry Johnson 24 3.8
Erskine Levi 16 2.6
Total: 625 100.00%
Source:[208]
American Solidarity Party vice presidential nomination
Candidate Votes Percentage
Lauren Onak Nominated via Unanimous Consent
Source:[209]

Approval Voting Party

The Approval Voting Party received 409 votes for president in 2020.[210] It is currently only ballot-approved in Colorado.[211] On March 16, the party nominated Blake Huber for president and Andrea Denault for vice president.[212]

Green Mountain Peace and Justice

The Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party is a regional ballot-qualified party in Vermont which has regularly nominated candidates for president since 1972.[213] It nominated Gloria La Riva, the PSL nominee, in 2020. She received 166 votes in Vermont.[210] On April 28, the party nominated independent candidate Cornel West for president.[214]

Natural Law Party

Michigan party

The Michigan Natural Law Party held its nominating convention on April 17, 2024, where it nominated independent candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr. for President and Nicole Shanahan for Vice President. Party chairman Doug Dern claimed fellow independent candidate Cornel West also sought the party's ballot access.[215]

In 2020, the Michigan party nominated Alliance Party nominee Rocky De La Fuente, who received 2,986 votes in Michigan.

Florida party

The party is also presidential ballot-qualified in Florida. The Florida party did not nominate a candidate in the 2020 election.[216]

Prohibition Party

The Prohibition Party held its presidential nominating convention on May 8–9, 2023, in Buffalo, New York. Three candidates stood for nomination; Michael Wood was nominated on the first ballot.[217]

Prohibition Party presidential nomination
Candidate Votes Percentage
Michael Wood 8 61.5%
Zack Kusnir 4 30.8%
Scott Baier 0 0.0%
Jay Rockefeller (write-in) 1 7.7%
Total: 13 100.00%
Source:[218]
Prohibition Party vice presidential nomination
Candidate Votes Percentage
John Petrowski Nominated via Unanimous Consent
Source:[218]

Unity Party

The Bill Hammons-led faction of the Unity Party of America nominated Paul Noel Fiorino and Matthew May for president and vice president respectively at the 7th United National Convention over Google Meet on April 6, 2024.[133]

However, the Colorado faction of the party, which has the party's ballot access, met on April 13, 2024, and nominated independent candidate Cornel West for president and his running mate, Melina Abdullah for vice president.[219][220][better source needed]

Unity Party of Colorado Presidential Nomination
Candidate Percentage
Cornel West 95%
Paul Noel Fiorino 5%
Total: 100.00%
Source:[220]

Withdrew before convention:

  • Bill Hammons, co-founder and chairman of the Unity Party; nominee for president in 2020[221]
  • Donnie Harold Harris, business owner and write-in candidate for governor of Indiana in 2012[221]

The party is currently only ballot-approved in Colorado.[211] In 2020, party co-founder Bill Hammons was on the ballot in three states and received 6,647 votes.[210]

Alliance Party

The Alliance Party received 88,236 votes for president in 2020.[210] It and its affiliates are ballot-qualified in Alaska, Connecticut, and South Carolina.[222][223][224]

Green Party of Alaska

The Green Party of Alaska, which is unaffiliated with the Green Party of the United States is ballot-qualified in Alaska.[223] The party nominated Jesse Ventura for president in 2020 and received 2,673 votes.[225]

Jasmine Sherman and Tanda BluBear were nominated as president and vice president, respectively.[118][better source needed]

The party has hosted a series of debates featuring the following candidates seeking the nomination:[226]

Liberal Party

The Liberal Party, formerly the Association of State Liberty Parties, has qualified state parties in Massachusetts and New Mexico which were, until 2022, affiliated with the national Libertarian Party.[238][239] These parties received a combined 59,598 votes in the 2 states.

Potential candidates

Withdrawn candidates

The following notable individual(s) announced and then suspended their campaigns before the election:

Declined to be candidates

No Labels

Main article: No Labels § 2024 presidential ticket

The following individuals have declined to be candidates for the No Labels unity ticket. On April 4, 2024, the organization announced it would not run a presidential campaign.[242]

Third party

The following notable individuals have been the subject of speculation about their possible candidacies, but have publicly denied interest in running.

Debates and forums

The Muslim Civic Coalition hosted a forum featuring Green Jill Stein and independent Cornel West on February 3 in Oak Brook, Illinois. The organization claimed all presidential candidates were invited to attend.[281]

The Libertarian Party of California hosted two multiparty debates at their state convention February 24–25. The first night featured Libertarian candidates Michael Rectenwald and Mike ter Maat and independent candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Green candidate Jill Stein was advertised as attending but ultimately did not.[282] The second night featured Libertarian candidates Charles Ballay, Lars Mapstead, and Jacob Hornberger alongside independent candidate Cornel West.[283]

Free & Equal Elections Foundation hosted a multiparty debate on February 29, 2024, moderated by the foundation's chair, Christina Tobin. Candidates were chosen via a point system style voting through the organization's "block-chain voting app" with an audit process after the fact. Socialism and Liberation nominee Claudia De la Cruz, independent candidates Cornel West and Robert F. Kennedy Jr., Libertarian candidates Chase Oliver and Lars Mapstead, and Green candidates Jill Stein and Jasmine Sherman were invited, although Kennedy and West declined to attend.[284][285] The two hour debate was broadcast on YouTube, Rumble, and C-SPAN among various other platforms. At one point, co-moderator Jason Michael Palmer remarked on the five candidates' relative agreement on social issues, although the debate became more combative towards the end.[286] Jasmine Sherman won the organization's post-debate ranked choice voting poll.[287]

Ballot access

Main article: Ballot access in the 2024 United States presidential election

Polling

Main articles: Nationwide opinion polling for the 2024 United States presidential election and Statewide opinion polling for the 2024 United States presidential election
2024 hypothetical polling with Harris
Hypothetical polling with third-party and independent candidates
Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size 		Kamala
Harris 		Donald
Trump 		Cornel
West 		Robert F.
Kennedy Jr 		Jill
Stein 		Chase
Oliver 		Other Undecided Margin
YouGov/The Economist July 27–30, 2024 1434 (RV) 46% 44% 0% 5% 0% – 2%[m] 5% Harris +2%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies July 29, 2024 1750 (LV) 45% 43% – 5% – – – 4% Harris +2%
American Pulse Research July 26–29, 2024 1035 (LV) 46% 47% 1% 3% 1% 0% 1% 2% Trump +1%
ActiVote July 24–29, 2024 1000 (LV) 44% 46% – 10% – – – – Trump +2%
McLaughlin & Associates July 23–29, 2024 1000 (LV) 41% 42% 1% 8% 1% 1% 7% – Trump +1%
Big Data/Public Polling Project July 26–28, 2024 2919 (LV) 44% 45% 2% 7% 1% 2% – – Trump +1%
Leger July 26–28, 2024 786 (RV) 48% 41% 1% 5% 1% – – 3% Harris +7%
Harvard/HarrisX July 26–28, 2024 2196 (RV) 43% 47% 1% 8% 1% – – – Trump +4%
Ipsos/With Honor July 24–25, 2024 1238 (A) 38% 38% – 4% – – 12%[n] 9% Even
Redfield and Wilton July 23–25, 2024 1750 (LV) 45% 43% – 5% – – 1% 4% Harris +2%
Mainstreet Research/FAU July 26–27, 2024 936 (LV) 44% 43% – 8% – – 1% 3% Harris +1%
Atlas Intel July 23–25, 2024 1980 (RV) 46% 48% 0% 5% – – – 2% Trump +2%
Fabrizio Lee & Associates/GBAO/The Wall Street Journal July 23–25, 2024 1000 (RV) 45% 44% 1% 4% 1% 0% – 5% Harris +1%
HarrisX/Forbes July 22–25, 2024 2472 (LV) 45% 46% 1% 8% 1% – – 6% Trump +1%
New York Times/Siena July 22–24, 2024 1142 (LV) 44% 43% 0% 5% 1% – 1%
(I wouldn't vote) 		5% Harris +1%
The 19th/Survey Monkey July 22–24, 2024 5265 (A) 38% 39% 1% 6% 1% – 2%
(Refused) 		14% Trump +1%
Big Village July 22–24, 2024 1492 (LV) 43% 44% 1% 6% 1% – 1%
(I wouldn't vote) 		4% Trump +1%
Reuters/Ipsos July 22–23, 2024 1018 (RV) 42% 38% – 8% – – 5%
(I wouldn't vote) 		6% Harris +4%
The Times/SAY/YouGov July 22–23, 2024 1155 (LV) 44% 46% 0% 4% 1% – 1%
(I would not vote) 		3% Trump +2%
NPR/PBS/Marist July 22, 2024 846 (LV) 45% 43% 1% 7% 0% 0% – 3% Harris +2%
The Economist/YouGov July 21–23, 2024 1435 (RV) 41% 44% 1% 5% 1% – 3%[o] 5% Trump +3%
Yahoo!/YouGov July 19–22, 2024 1178 (RV) 41% 43% 1% 5% 1% 1% 1% 6% Trump +2%
On Points Politics/SoCal Research July 21, 2024 800 (RV) 37% 43% – 9% 3% 4% – 4% Trump +6%
Quinnipiac July 19–21, 2024 1257 (RV) 41% 45% 1% 6% 2% 1% 2%[p] 1% Trump +4%
Mainstreet Research/FAU July 19–21, 2024 711 (LV) 39% 45% – 9% – – 3% 3% Trump +6%
The Economist/YouGov July 13–16, 2024 1398 (RV) 39% 44% 1% 5% 2% – 3%[q] 7% Trump +5%
Big Village July 12–14, 2024 1499 (LV) 37.3% 41.6% 1.8% 9.2% 2.1% – 0.9%
(I would not vote) 		7.0% Trump +4.3%
Redfield & Wilton July 8, 2024 1500 (RV) 37% 44% – 8% – 1% 3%[r] 6% Trump +7%
Manhattan Institute July 7–13, 2024 2100 (LV) 36% 44% 1% 6% – 1% 8%[s] 5% Trump +8%
The Economist/YouGov July 7–9, 2024 1440 (RV) 38% 42% 1% 5% – 2% 6%[t] 7% Trump +5%
2024 hypothetical polling
Hypothetical polling with third-party and independent candidates
Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size 		Joe
Biden 		Donald
Trump 		Nikki
Haley 		Cornel
West 		Robert F.
Kennedy Jr 		Joe
Manchin 		Jill
Stein 		Other Undecided Margin
July 21, 2024 Joe Biden ends his re-election campaign
Reuters/Ipsos July 16, 2024 992 (RV) 39% 40% – – 11% – – 6%[u] 4% Trump +1%
Emerson College/Democrats for the Next Generation July 15–16, 2024 2000 (RV) 37.8% 43.8% – 0.7% 6.6% – 0.7% 0.4%
(Chase Oliver) 		10.0% Trump +6.0%
The Economist/YouGov July 13–16, 2024 1398 (RV) 41% 43% – 1% 4% – 1% 3%[v] 7% Trump +2%
Redfield & Wilton July 15, 2024 3500 (RV) 42% 43% – – 6% – – 2% 6% Trump +1%
Harris X July 13–15, 2024 1918 (RV) 37% 41% – 2% 12% – 1% – 7% Trump +4%
ActiVote July 7–15, 2024 1000 (LV) 41.4% 43.4% – – 15.1% – – – – Trump +2.0%
Big Village July 12–14, 2024 1499 (LV) 40.9% 40.8% – 0.9% 8.5% – 1.2% 0.5%
(I would not vote) 		7.0% Biden +0.1%
July 13, 2024 Thomas Matthew Crooks attempts to assassinate Donald Trump
Manhattan Institute July 7–13, 2024 2100 (LV) 40% 44% – 1% 5% – 1% 5%[w] 5% Trump +4%
The Center Square/Noble Predictive July 8–11, 2024 2300 (LV) 40% 43% – 1% 7% – 1% – 7% Trump +3%
NPR/PBS/Marist July 9–10, 2024 954 (LV) 45% 45% – 2% 6% – 1% – 1% Even
Fox News July 7–10, 2024 1210 (RV) 41% 44% – 1% 10% – 3% – 2% Trump +3%
The Economist/YouGov July 7–9, 2024 1440 (RV) 40% 43% – 1% 4% – 1% 3%[x] 8% Trump +3%
NBC News July 7–9, 2024 800 (RV) 37% 40% – 1% 10% – 3% 5%[y] 4% Trump +3%
ABC News/Washington Post/Ipsos July 5−9, 2024 2041 (RV) 42% 43% – 2% 10% – 2% 3% – Trump +1%
Redfield & Wilton July 8, 2024 1500 (RV) 42% 43% – – 6% – – 2% 6% Trump +1%
Emerson College July 7–8, 2024 1370 (RV) 39.9% 43.7% – 1.2% 6.1% – 0.8% – 8.4% Trump +3.8%
Pew Research July 1–7, 2024 7729 (RV) 40% 44% – – 15% – – 2% – Trump +4%
Lord Ashcroft June 28 – July 7, 2024 4347 (RV) 44% 42% – 1% 10% – 1% 3% – Biden +2%
Data For Progress/Split Ticket July 1–3, 2024 2067 (LV) 40% 41% – 1% 10% – 1% 1%
(Chase Oliver) 		6% Trump +1%
J.L. Partners/Daily Mail July 1–3, 2024 1000 (LV) 37% 43% – 2% 7% – 2% 2%
(Chase Oliver) 		7% Trump +6%
Cygnal July 1–2, 2024 1500 (LV) 38.1% 43.5% – 2.1% 7.1% – 2.0% – 7.2% Trump +5.4%
The Economist/YouGov June 30 – July 2, 2024 1386 (RV) 40% 42% – 1% 5% – 1% 3%[z] 8% Trump +2%
GBAO/WSJ/Fabrizio Lee June 29 – July 2, 2024 1500 (RV) 36% 42% – 2% 7% – 2% 1%
(Chase Oliver) 		11% Trump +6%
CBS News/YouGov June 28 – July 2, 2024 2815 (LV) 40% 44% – 2% 11% – 3% 0% 0% Trump +4%
NY Times/Siena June 28 – July 2, 2024 1532 (LV) 37% 42% – <0.5% 8% – 2% 3%[aa] 6% Trump +5%
Florida Atlantic/Mainstreet Research June 29–30, 2024 869 (LV) 39% 42% – – 10% – – 4% 5% Trump +3%
HarrisX/Forbes June 28–30, 2024 1192 (LV) 38% 43% – – 14% – – – 4% Trump +5%
CNN/SSRS June 28–30, 2024 1045 (RV) 35% 41% – 2% 14% – 3% 4%[ab] – Trump +6%
Suffolk University/USA Today June 28–30, 2024 1000 (RV) 38% 41% – 1% 8% – 1% 2%[ac] 8% Trump +3%
Harvard/Harris June 28–30, 2024 2090 (RV) 35% 43% – 2% 10% – 1% – 9% Trump +8%
Big Village June 28–30, 2024 723 (LV) 41.2% 41.6% – 0.9% 8.7% – – 1.2%
(I would not vote) 		6.5% Trump +0.4%
Patriot Polling June 27–29, 2024 1029 (RV) 40.5% 44.3% – – 11.2% – – – 4.0% Trump +3.8%
On Point Politics/SoCal Research June 27, 2024 600 (RV) 35% 41% – 2% 8% – 2% 1%
(Chase Oliver) 		10% Trump +6%
June 27, 2024 First presidential debate between Trump and Biden is held
Atlas/CNN Brazil June 26–28, 2024 1634 (RV) 40.3% 45.5% – 0.7% 10.3% – 0.5% 0.8%
(Won't vote) 		2.0% Trump +5.2%
I&I/Tipp June 26–28, 2024 1244 (RV) 40% 39% – 2% 10% – 1% 2% 5% Biden +1%
Lord Ashcroft May 31 – June 27 4067 (RV) 42% 41% – 1% 10% – 1% 4% – Biden +1%
The Economist/YouGov June 23–25, 2024 1403 (RV) 42% 42% – 0% 4% – 1% 2%[ad] 8% Even
NY Times/Siena June 20–25, 2024 1226 (LV) 37% 40% – <0.5% 7% – 2% 3%[ae] 9% Trump +3%
Leger/New York Post June 22–24, 2024 873 (LV) 38% 38% – 2% 7% – 2% – 13% Even
Quinnipiac June 20–24, 2024 1405 (RV) 37% 43% – 2% 11% – 2% 3%[af] 2% Trump +6%
America's New Majority/McLaughlin June 20–24, 2024 2000 (RV) 38.8% 40.3% – 1.6% 8.3% – 1.0% 0.5%
(Chase Oliver) 		9.5% Trump +1.5%
McLaughlin & Associates June 18–24, 2024 1000 (LV) 37% 39% – 2% 10% – 2% 1.0%
(Chase Oliver) 		9% Trump +2%
George Washington University June 11–24, 2024 2750 (RV) 44.3% 41.9% – 0.8% 4.6% – 1.0% 2.4%[ag] 4.9%
ActiVote June 5–21, 2024 2192 (LV) 42.1% 43.7% – – 14.2% – – – – Trump +1.6%
The Economist/YouGov June 16–18, 2024 1392 (RV) 42% 42% – 1% 4% – 1% 3%[ah] 8% Even
Redfield & Wilton June 16–17, 2024 1500 (RV) 41% 41% – – 7% – – 2% 8% Even
Fox News June 14–17, 2024 1095 (RV) 43% 42% – 2% 10% – 2% – 1% Biden +1%
Ipsos/Reuters June 12, 2024 930 (RV) 37% 38% – – 10% – – 6%
(I wouldn't vote) 		10% Trump +1%
Redfield & Wilton June 11–12, 2024 1500 (RV) 41% 40% – – 7% – – 7% 3% Biden +1%
NPR/PBS/Marist June 10–12, 2024 963 (LV) 43% 44% – 2% 9% – 1% 0%
(Chase Oliver) 		1% Trump +1%
Echelon Insights June 10–12, 2024 1013 (LV) 42% 43% – 2% 7% – 2% – 3% Trump +1%
The Economist/YouGov June 9–11, 2024 1398 (RV) 40% 42% – 1% 3% – 1% 3%[ai] 9% Trump +2%
SSRS/Vanderbilt June 7–10, 2024 1031 (A) 30% 33% – – 10% – – 16%[aj] 12% Trump +3%
Big Village June 7–9, 2024 1423 (LV) 42.5% 42.2% – 1.4% 7.4% – – 0.8%
(I would not vote) 		5.7% Biden +0.3%
Cygnal June 4–6, 2024 1500 (LV) 38.4% 41.2% – 2.3% 8.4% – 1.8% – 7.9% Trump +2.8%
Emerson College June 4–5, 2024 1000 (RV) 38% 44% – 1% 6% – 1% – 9% Trump +6%
The Economist/YouGov June 2–4, 2024 1565 (RV) 42% 42% – 1% 3% – 1% 2%[ak] 8% Even
ActiVote May 23 – June 4, 2024 1775 (LV) 41.6% 45.4% – – 13.1% – – – – Trump +3.8%
Ipsos/Reuters May 30–31, 2024 2135 (RV) 39% 37% – – 10% – – 5%
(I wouldn't vote) 		8% Biden +2%
HarrisX/Forbes May 30–31, 2024 1006 (RV) 38% 40% – 1% 11% – 1% – 8% Trump +2%
I&I/Tipp May 29–31, 2024 1675 (RV) 38% 38% – 1% 10% – 2% 2% 9% Even
Lord Ashcroft May 17–30, 2024 8153 (RV) 44% 40% – 1% 10% – 1% 3% – Biden +1%
The Economist/YouGov May 25–28, 2024 1546 (RV) 40% 41% – 1% 4% – 1% 3%[al] 10% Trump +1%
McLaughlin & Associates/Lawrence Kadish May 21–23, 2024 1000 (LV) 38% 42% – 2% 9% – 2% 1%
(Lars Mapstead) 		6% Trump +4%
NPR/PBS/Marist May 21–23, 2024 907 (LV) 43% 46% – 2% 5% – 2% – 2% Trump +3%
Emerson College May 21–23, 2024 1100 (RV) 39% 44% – 1% 6% – 1% – 10% Trump +5%
The Economist/YouGov May 19–21, 2024 1558 (RV) 40% 41% – 1% 5% – 1% 4%[am] 10% Trump +1%
Independent Center May 16–21, 2024 1000 (RV) 39% 42% – – 13% – – – 6% Trump +3%
ActiVote May 6–21, 2024 1153 (LV) 42.1% 44.9% – – 13% – – – – Trump +2.8%
Quinnipiac May 16–20, 2024 1374 (RV) 41% 38% – 2% 14% – 2% 2%[an] 2% Biden +3%
Harvard/Harris X May 15–16, 2024 1660 (RV) 39% 43% – – 12% – – – 5% Trump +4%
Cygnal May 14–16, 2024 1500 (LV) 37.7% 40.8% – 2.3% 8.8% – 2.4% – 8.0% Trump +3.1%
Echelon Insights May 13–16, 2024 1023 (LV) 38% 43% – 1% 9% – 3% – 6% Trump +5%
McLaughlin & Associates May 9–15, 2024 1000 (LV) 36% 38% – 3% 11% – 2% 1%
(Lars Mapstead) 		9% Trump +2%
Marquette Law May 6–15, 2024 624 (LV) 41% 44% – 2% 11% – 2% – – Trump +3%
America's New Majority/McLaughlin & Associates May 10–14, 2024 2000 (RV) 37.6% 39.3% – 1.9% 8.9% – 1.4% 0.6%
(Lars Mapstead) 		10.3% Trump +1.8%
Redfield & Wilton May 13, 2024 1155 (LV) 43% 42% – – 5% – – – 6% Biden +1%
Ipsos May 7–13, 2024 1730 (RV) 37% 35% – – 5% – – 7%[ao] 17% Biden +2%
RMG Research May 6–9, 2024 2000 (RV) 42% 39% – – 11% – – 3% 6% Biden +3%
Big Village May 3–8, 2024 2867 (LV) 41.9% 40.6% – 1.2% 8.8% – – 0.6%
(I would not vote) 		6.9% Biden +1.3%
I&I/Tipp May 1–3, 2024 1264 (RV) 39% 38% – 1% 12% – 1% 2% 7% Biden +1%
Redfield & Wilton May 1, 2024 1133 (LV) 41% 43% – – 7% – – – 5% Trump +2%
Suffolk University/USA Today April 30 – May 3, 2024 1000 (RV) 36.7% 37.1% – 1.6% 8.0% – 1.2% 3.3%[ap] 12.1% Trump +0.4%
Reuters/Ipsos April 29–30, 2024 856 (RV) 39% 38% – – 8% – – 6%
(I wouldn't vote) 		9% Biden +1%
ActiVote April 13–30, 2024 1025 (LV) 41.2% 44.4% – – 14.4% – – – – Trump +3.2%
Florida Atlantic/Mainstreet Research April 26–28, 2024 851 (LV) 43.7% 39.5% – – 11.0% – – 2.5% 3.4% Biden +4.2%
Harvard/Harris X April 24–25, 2024 1961 (RV) 37% 44% – 1% 10% – 1% – 6% Trump +7%
NPR/PBS/Marist April 22–25, 2024 1199 (RV) 42% 42% – 2% 11% – 2% – 2% Even
CNN/SSRS April 18–23, 2024 967 (RV) 33% 42% – 4% 16% – 3% 2%[aq] 1% Trump +9%
Quinnipiac April 18–22, 2024 1429 (RV) 37% 37% – 3% 16% – 3% 2%[ar] 2% Even
Marist College April 16–18, 2024 1047 (RV) 43% 38% – 2% 14% – 2% – 1% Biden +5%
Emerson College April 16–17, 2024 1308 (RV) 39.9% 43.5% – 1.0% 7.6% – 0.4% – 7.6% Trump +3.6%
NBC News April 12–16, 2024 1000 (RV) 39% 37% – 2% 13% – 3% 1%
Would not vote 		3% Biden +2%
McLaughlin & Associates April 10–16, 2024 1000 (LV) 36% 38% – 2% 10% – 2% 2%
(Lars Mapstead) 		9% Trump +2%
Echelon Insights April 12–14, 2024 1020 (LV) 41% 40% – 2% 11% – 2% – 4% Biden +1%
ActiVote March 24 – April 10, 2024 1083 (LV) 40.7% 44.0% – – 15.3% – – – – Trump +3.3%
Redfield & Wilton April 6–7, 2024 4000 (RV) 41% 41% – – 9% – – – 6% Even
I&I/Tipp April 3–5, 2024 1265 (RV) 38% 38% – 2% 11% – 1% 2% 9% Even
Emerson College April 2–3, 2024 1438 (RV) 42.0% 43.2% – 0.7% 7.8% – 0.5% – 5.8% Trump +1.2%
Big Village March 29–31, 2024 1425 (LV) 41.9% 39.7% – 1.8% 7.8% – – 0.6%
(I would not vote) 		8.1% Biden +2.2%
Trafalgar March 29–31, 2024 1092 (LV) 39.8% 43.1% – 1.7% 11.4% – 0.8% – 3.1% Trump +3.3%
Data For Progress March 27–29, 2024 1200 (LV) 41% 42% – 1% 8% – 1% – 6% Trump +1%
NPR/PBS/Marist March 25–28, 2024 1199 (RV) 43% 41% – 1% 11% – 2% – 1% Biden +2%
Marquette Law March 18–28, 2024 614 (LV) 41% 41% – 4% 13% – 2% – – Even
HarrisX/Forbes March 25, 2024 1010 (RV) 37% 40% – 1% 12% – 1% – 8% Trump +3%
Fox News March 22–25, 2024 1094 (RV) 38% 43% – 2% 12% – 2% 1%
(Wouldn't vote) 		2% Trump +5%
Quinnipiac March 21–25, 2024 1407 (RV) 38% 39% – 3% 13% – 4% 1%
(Refused) 		2% Trump +1%
Daily Mail/J.L. Partners March 20–24, 2024 1000 (LV) 39% 43% – 2% 7% – 1% – 8% Trump +4%
Echelon Insights March 18–21, 2024 1006 (LV) 40% 43% – 1% 10% – 2% – 4% Trump +3%
Harvard/Harris X March 20–21, 2024 2111 (RV) 36% 41% – 1% 14% – 2% – 6% Trump +5%
McLaughlin & Associates March 9–14, 2024 1000 (LV) 34% 38% – 2% 12% 2% 2% – 9% Trump +4%
Big Village March 8–13, 2024 1518 (LV) 39.5% 40.9% – 1.8% 8.5% – – 1.0%
(Would not vote) 		8.2% Trump +1.4%
Reuters/Ipsos March 7–13, 2024 4094 (A) 31% 32% – – 16% – – 10%
(I wouldn't vote) 		11% Trump +1%
Suffolk University/USA Today March 8–11, 2024 1000 (RV) 38% 40% – 2% 9% 2%
(No Labels candidate) 		2% 1%
(Libertarian candidate) 		5% Trump +2%
HarrisX March 8–10, 2024 2017 (RV) 35% 41% – 1% 12% – 1% – 10% Trump +6%
Emerson College March 5–6, 2024 1350 (RV) 41.5% 43.2% – 1.6% 6.0% – 0.5% – 7.2% Trump +1.7%
Redfield & Wilton March 2, 2024 1500 (LV) 39% 43% – – 9% – – – 7% Trump +4%
I&I/Tipp February 28 – March 1, 2024 1246 (RV) 38% 38% – 2% 9% – 1% 3% 9% Even
G Squared Public Strategies/Third Way February 27 – March 1, 2024 2000 (LV) 36% 36% 8%[as] – 13% – – – 7% Even
Fox News February 25–28, 2024 1262 (RV) 38% 41% – 3% 13% – 2% <1% 2% Trump +3%
Fox News February 25–28, 2024 1262 (RV) 35% – 28% 5% 24% – 2% 3%[at] 2% Biden +7%
HarrisX February 24–28, 2024 3021 (RV) 36% 40% – 2% 11% – 1% – 10% Trump +4%
GBAO/WSJ/Fabrizio Lee February 21–28, 2024 1745 (RV) 35% 40% – 2% 9% – 1% 1%
(Lars Mapstead) 		12% Trump +5%
HarrisX February 20–23, 2024 3010 (RV) 40% 42% – 2% 12% – 1% – 11% Trump +2%
Harvard/HarrisX February 21–22, 2024 2022 (RV) 33% 42% – 1% 14% – 1% – 8% Trump +9%
Quinnipiac February 15–19, 2024 1421 (RV) 38% 37% – 3% 15% – 3% 1%
(Wouldn't vote) 		2% Biden +1%
Quinnipiac February 15–19, 2024 1421 (RV) 35% – 27% 5% 24% – 3% 4%[au] 2% Biden +8%
February 16, 2024 Manchin announces he won't run for president
Emerson College February 13–14, 2024 1225 (RV) 37.9% 40.2% – 1.4% 6.7% – 1.3% – 12.5% Trump +2.3%
Echelon Insights February 12–14, 2024 1015 (LV) 37% 42% – 2% 8% 2% 2% – 6% Trump +5%
Redfield & Wilton February 10, 2024 ??? (LV) 41% 42% – – 8% – – 3% 6% Trump +1%
Marquette Law February 5–15, 2024 628 (LV) 40% 43% – 1% 14% – 1% <1% – Trump +3%
Atlas Intel February 2–7, 2024 1637 (RV) 42.3% 43.9% – 0.1% 5.2% – – 5.2%[av] 4.7% Trump +1.6%
Atlas Intel February 2–7, 2024 1637 (RV) 41% – 23% 0.5% 11.4% – – 13.9%[av] 10.2% Biden +18%
Atlas Intel February 2–7, 2024 1637 (RV) 41.6%
(Michelle Obama) 		39% – 0% 5.1% – – 4%[av] 10.3% Obama +2.6%
Survey USA January 31 – February 2, 2024 1500 (RV) 40% 45% 13% – – – – – 3% Trump +5%
Survey USA January 31 – February 2, 2024 1500 (RV) 36% 43% 11% – 9% – – – 2% Trump +7%
Survey USA January 31 – February 2, 2024 1500 (RV) 36% 41% 10% 1% 10% – – – 2% Trump +5%
I&I/Tipp January 31 – February 2, 2024 1266 (RV) 34% 40% – 2% 8% 1% 3% 3%[aw] 10% Trump +6%
YouGov/UMass January 25–30, 2024 989 (LV) 39% 43% – – 9% – – 4% 4% Trump +4%
McLaughlin & Associates January 25–31, 2024 1000 (LV) 34% 39% – 2% 9% 2% 2% – 12% Trump +5%
Emerson College January 26–29, 2024 1260 (RV) 36.9% 41.7% 11.8% – – – – – 9.6% Trump +4.8%
Emerson College January 26–29, 2024 1260 (RV) 39.2% 41.4% – 0.8% 4.9% – 0.8% – 13% Trump +2.2%
Quinnipiac January 25–29, 2024 1650 (RV) 39% 37% – 3% 14% 2% – 2%[ax] 3% Biden +2%
Quinnipiac January 25–29, 2024 1650 (RV) 36% – 29% 3% 21% 2% – 5%[ay] 3% Biden +7%
Reuters/Ipsos January 22–24, 2024 1250 (RV) 30% 36% – – 8% – – 12%[az] 13% Trump +6%
Harvard/HarrisX January 17–18, 2024 2346 (RV) 31% 42% – 2% 15% – 2% – 8% Trump +11%
Echelon Insights January 16–18, 2024 1029 (LV) 35% 41% – 2% 11% 2% 3% – 6% Trump +6%
Messenger/Harris X January 16–17, 2024 1045 (RV) 37% 40% – 2% 11% – 1% – 9% Trump +3%
Cygnal January 11–12, 2024 2000 (LV) 41.4% 41.5% – – 10.2% – – – 6.9% Trump +.1%
Reuters/Ipsos January 3–9, 2024 4677 (A) 29% 30% – – 18% – – 11%
(I wouldn't vote) 		13% Trump +1%
I&I/Tipp January 3–5, 2024 1247 (RV) 34% 37% – 2% 8% 1% 1% 5%[ba] 11% Trump +3%
2023 hypothetical polling
Hypothetical polling with third-party and independent candidates
Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size 		Joe
Biden 		Donald
Trump 		Cornel
West 		Robert F.
Kennedy Jr 		Joe
Manchin 		Jill
Stein 		Other Undecided Margin
USA Today/Suffolk University December 26–29, 2023 1000 (LV) 33.9% 37.2% 2.4% 9.5% 1.3% – 3.9%[bb] 11.1% Trump +3.3%
Daily Mail/J.L. Partners December 15–20, 2023 984 (LV) 36% 40% 1% 4% – 0% 8% 10% Trump +4%
McLaughlin & Associates December 13–19, 2023 1000 (LV) 34% 36% 2% 10% 3% 2% – 13% Trump +2%
Quinnipiac December 14–18, 2023 1647 (RV) 36% 38% 3% 16% – 3% 2%[bc] 3% Trump +2%
Echelon Insights December 12–16, 2023 1012 (LV) 36% 41% 1% 9% – 1% 4%
(Mark Cuban) 		8% Trump +5%
Harvard/Harris December 13–14, 2023 2034 (RV) 33% 41% 2% 15% – 2% – 7% Trump +8%
Fox News December 10–13, 2023 1007 (RV) 37% 41% 2% 14% – 3% 2%[bd] 2% Trump +4%
Redfield & Wilton December 8, 2023 1135 (LV) 38% 43% – 9% – – 3% 7% Trump +5%
Rasmussen December 6–10, 2023 892 (LV) 32% 40% – 16% – – 6% 6% Trump +8%
Reuters/Ipsos December 5–11, 2023 4411 (A) 31% 36% – 16% – – 7%
(I wouldn't vote) 		10% Trump +5%
Cygnal December 5–7, 2023 2000 (LV) 41.9% 42.7% – 9.3% – – – 6.1% Trump +0.8%
Cygnal December 5–7, 2023 2000 (LV) 41.3% 41.0% – 8.0% 3.3% – – 6.4% Biden +0.3%
Emerson College December 4–6, 2023 1000 (RV) 36.7% 43.4% 0.7% 6.5% – 1.1% – 11.5% Trump +6.7%
CNN/SSRS November 29 – December 6, 2023 1197 (RV) 31% 39% 6% 20% – – 2%[be] 2% Trump +8.0%
Wall Street Journal November 29 – December 4, 2023 1500 (RV) 31% 37% 3% 8% 3% 2% 1%
(Lars Mapstead) 		14% Trump +6.0%
Big Village November 27 – December 3, 2023 2219 (LV) 36.3% 41.8% 2.8% 11.7% – – 1.4%
(I would not vote) 		5.9% Trump +5.5%
I&I/Tipp November 29 – December 1, 2023 1301 (RV) 33% 38% 2% 11% – 2% 4% 10% Trump +5.0%
Messenger/HarrisX November 22–28, 2023 4003 (RV) 33% 41% 2% 13% – – – 11% Trump +8.0%
Emerson College November 17–20, 2023 1475 (RV) 36% 42% 1% 7% – 1% – 13% Trump +6.0%
McLaughlin & Associates November 16–20, 2023 1000 (LV) 32% 36% 4% 12% 3% 2% – 12% Trump +4.0%
Messenger/HarrisX November 15–19, 2023 3017 (RV) 33% 40% 2% 14% – – – 11% Trump +7.0%
Harvard/HarrisX November 15–16, 2023 2851 (RV) 33% 41% 2% 16% – 2% – 6% Trump +8.0%
Reuters/Ipsos November 13–14, 2023 1006 (A) 30% 32% – 20% – – 8%
(I wouldn't vote) 		10% Trump +2.0%
Fox News November 10–13, 2023 1001 (RV) 35% 40% – 13% 5% 4% – 2% Trump +5.0%
Fox News November 10–13, 2023 1001 (RV) 35% 41% 3% 15% – 3% 2%[bf] 2% Trump +6.0%
Quinnipiac November 9–13, 2023 1574 (RV) 35% 38% 3% 17% – 3% 1%
(Wouldn't vote) 		2% Trump +3.0%
November 9, 2023 Stein declares her Green Party candidacy
Rasmussen November 8–12, 2023 987 (LV) 39% 38% – 12% – – – 11% Biden +1.0%
Democracy Corps November 5–11, 2023 500 (RV) 37% 45% 0% 9% 3%
(Manchin-Hogan) 		– 5%[bg] – Trump +8.0%
Big Village October 30 – November 5, 2023 1497 (LV) 37.1% 40.1% 1.7% 12.4% – – 1.4% 7.3% Trump +3%
New York Times/Siena October 22 – November 3, 2023 3662 (LV)[bh] 34% 36% – 22% – – 1% 5% Trump +2%
I&I/TIPP November 1–3, 2023 1242 (RV) 39% 37% 2% 9% – – 4% 8% Biden +2%
CNN/SSRS October 27 – November 2, 2023 1271 (RV) 35% 41% 4% 16% – – 2% 1% Trump +6%
Cygnal October 30 – November 1, 2023 2000 (LV) 40.4% 39.4% – 11.9% – – – 8.2% Biden +1%
HarrisX/The Messenger October 30 – November 1, 2023 2021 (RV) 36% 41% 2% 11% – – – 10% Trump +5%
American Pulse October 27–30, 2023 568 (LV) 38.9% 39.3% – 11.3% – – 2.6% 7.9% Trump +.4%
Quinnipiac October 26–30, 2023 1610 (RV) 36% 35% 6% 19% – – 2% 2% Biden +1%
Redfield & Wilton October 29, 2023 1183 (LV) 38% 40% – 10% – – 3%[bi] 10% Trump +2%
Echelon Insights October 23–26, 2023 1029 (LV) 35% 38% 1% 12% – – 8%
(No Labels party candidate) 		7% Trump +3%
McLaughlin & Associates October 22–26, 2023 1000 (LV) 35% 38% 2% 12% – – – 13% Trump +3%
Abacus Data October 24–25, 2023 1500 (RV) 39% 39% – 8% – – 5% 10% Even
SP&R October 17–23, 2023 1000 (A) 47% 40% – 6% – – 3% 4% Biden +7%
HarrisX/The Messenger October 16–23, 2023 3029 (RV) 35% 38% 2% 12% – – – 12% Trump +3%
USA Today/Suffolk October 17–20, 2023 1000 (RV) 37% 36% 4% 13% – – – 8% Biden +1%
Harvard/HarrisX October 18–19, 2023 2116 (RV) 31% 39% 3% 18% – – – 9% Trump +8%
LPTAD October 16–19, 2023 1000 (LV) 35% 35% 3% 13% – – – 12% Even
YouGov/Yahoo October 12–16, 2023 1122 (RV) 40% 39% – 9% – – 2% 9% Biden +1%
Zogby Analytics October 13–15, 2023 869 (LV) 41.2% 42.6% 3.7% 12.5% – – – – Trump +1.4%
MNA October 11–17, 2023 3318 (LV) 36.9% 37.9% – 14.2% – – 8.6% 2.4% Trump +1%
NPR/PBS/Marist October 10–11, 2023 1218 (RV) 44% 37% – 16% – – – 3% Biden +7%
October 9, 2023 Kennedy declares his Independent candidacy
Fox News October 6–9, 2023 1007 (RV) 41% 41% – 16% – – 2%[bj] 1% Even
Fox News October 6–9, 2023 1007 (RV) 43% 45% 9% – – – 2%[bk] 2% Trump +2%
Cygnal October 3–5, 2023 3000 (LV) 38.8% 39.6% – 12.3% – – – 9.3% Trump +0.8%
Reuters/Ipsos October 3–4, 2023 1005 (A) 31% 33% – 14% – – 9% 13% Trump +2%
Echelon Insights September 25–28, 2023 1011 (LV) 36% 40% – 14% – – – 10% Trump +4%
John Zogby Strategies September 23–24, 2023 1008 (LV) 38% 38% – 19% – – 5% – Even
Mclaughlin & Associates September 22–26, 2023 1000 (LV) 36% 40% 4% – 6% – – 14% Trump +4%
Mclaughlin & Associates September 22–26, 2023 1000 (LV) 38% 43% 6% – – – – 13% Trump +5%
Gravis September 19–20, 2023 1262 (LV) 40% 41% 2% – – – 4%
(Lars Mapstead) 		13%
(Other or undecided) 		Trump +1%
Emerson College September 17–18, 2023 1125 (RV) 42% 43% 4% – – – – 11% Trump +1%
YouGov September 7–18, 2023 3098 (RV) 45% 43% – – 2% – 5%[bl] 5% Biden +2%
PRRI August 25–30, 2023 2525 (RV) 41% 37% 5% – 10% – – 6% Biden +4%
PRRI August 25–30, 2023 2525 (RV) 38% 43% 4% – – – 10%
(Larry Hogan) 		7% Trump +5%
Wall Street Journal August 24–30, 2023 1500 (RV) 39% 40% 2% – – – 1%
(Lars Mapstead) 		17% Trump +1%
Emerson College August 25–26, 2023 1000 (RV) 39% 44% 4% – – – – 13% Trump +5%
Mclaughlin & Associates August 15–23, 2023 1000 (LV) 41% 42% 6% – – – – 11% Trump +1%
Mclaughlin & Associates August 15–23, 2023 1000 (LV) 38% 39% 5% – 7% – – 12% Trump +1%
Emerson College August 16–17, 2023 1000 (RV) 41% 42% 5% – – – – 13% Trump +1%
McLaughlin & Associates July 19–24, 2023 1000 (LV) 38% 40% 6% – 5% – – 12% Trump +2%
McLaughlin & Associates July 19–24, 2023 1000 (LV) 40% 42% 5% – – – – 13% Trump +2%
Reuters/Ipsos July 11–17, 2023 4414 (A) 31% 31% – 18% – – 9% 10% Even
Echelon Insights June 26–29, 2023 1020 (LV) 42% 43% 4% – – – – 11% Trump +1%
Emerson College June 19–20, 2023 1015 (RV) 40% 41% 6% – – – 7% 6% Trump +1%
June 14, 2023 West declares his candidacy
Data For Progress May 25 – June 5, 2023 1625 (LV) 44% 44% – – – – 6%
(Larry Hogan) 		7% Even
Echelon Insights May 22–25, 2023 1035 (LV) 41% 42% – – 9% – – 8% Trump +1%
RMG Research May 22–24, 2023 1000 (RV) 35% 37% – – 12% – 4% 12% Trump +2%

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Democratic lawsuit pending
  2. ^ Unaffiliated with national Natural Law Party
  3. ^ unaffiliated with national Constitution Party
  4. ^ Disaffiliated from Unity Party of America
  5. ^ State parties in Utah and Nevada disaffiliated with the national party, and nominated Skousen
  6. ^ Ayyadurai is not eligible to serve as president as he is not a natural-born citizen, but he claims he can run for office.
  7. ^ The Nebraska Legal Marijuana NOW Party, which is the only affiliate with ballot access, disaffiliated with the national party and nominated Cornel West for president.
  8. ^ Margaret Trowe was originally named the party's vice-presidential nominee but withdrew due to health issues
  9. ^ The Unity Party of Colorado, which is the only affiliate with ballot access, disaffiliated with the national party and nominated Cornel West for president.
  10. ^ Disaffiliated with Unity Party of America
  11. ^ While the Presidential and Vice-Presidential nominations occur separately, Presidential candidates often make known their preferred Vice Presidential nominees should they receive the nomination
  12. ^ Originally was announced as Kristin Alexander[150]
  13. ^ Includes:
    • 1% would not vote
    • 1% for someone else
  14. ^ Includes:
    • 9% for would not vote
    • 3% for someone else
  15. ^ Includes:
    • 2% for other
    • 1% for I would not vote
  16. ^ Includes:
    • 1% for someone else
    • 1% for refused
  17. ^ Includes:
    • 2% for other
    • 1% for I would not vote
  18. ^ Includes:
    • 2% for won't vote
    • 1% for other
  19. ^ Includes:
    • 4% for Someone else
    • 2% for Will not vote
    • 1% for Chase Oliver
  20. ^ Includes:
    • 3% for other
    • 3% for I would not vote
  21. ^ Includes:
    • 5% for I wouldn't vote
    • 1% for skipped
  22. ^ Includes:
    • 2% for other
    • 1% for I would not vote
  23. ^ Includes:
    • 2% for Someone else
    • 2% for Will not vote
    • 1% for Chase Oliver
  24. ^ Includes:
    • 1% for other
    • 2% for I would not vote
  25. ^ Includes:
    • 2% for Chase Oliver
    • 1% for none
    • 1% for other
    • 1% for would not vote
  26. ^ Includes:
    • 2% for I would not vote
    • 1% for other
  27. ^ Includes:
    • 2% for "Not going to vote/wouldn't vote if those were the choices"
    • 1% for Chase Oliver
  28. ^ Includes:
    • 3% for do not plan to vote
    • 1% for Chase Oliver
  29. ^ Includes:
    • 1% for Chase Oliver
    • 1% for refused
  30. ^ Includes:
    • 1% for other
    • 1% for I would not vote
  31. ^ Includes:
    • 2% for "Not going to vote/wouldn't vote if those were the choices"
    • 1% for Chase Oliver
    • <1% for another candidate
  32. ^ Includes:
    • 1% for Chase Oliver
    • 1% for someone else
    • 1% for wouldn't vote
  33. ^ Includes:
    • 1.4% for I would not vote
    • 1.0% for other
  34. ^ Includes:
    • 2% for I would not vote
    • 1% for other
  35. ^ Includes:
    • 2% for I would not vote
    • 1% for other
  36. ^ Includes:
    • 8% for someone else
    • 8% for I would not vote
  37. ^ Includes:
    • 1% for Other
    • 1% for I would not vote
  38. ^ Includes:
    • 2% for "I would not vote"
    • 1% for other
  39. ^ Includes:
    • 3% for "I would not vote"
    • 1% for "other"
  40. ^ Includes:
    • 1% for wouldn't vote
    • 1% for refused
  41. ^ Includes:
    • 4% for "other candidate"
    • 3% for "would not vote"
  42. ^ Includes:
    • 1.7% for the "Libertarian party candidate"
    • 1.6% for "refused"
  43. ^ Includes:
    • 1% for other
    • 1% for "do not plan to vote"
  44. ^ Includes:
    • 1% for wouldn't vote
    • 1% for refused
  45. ^ Listed as Haley and Phillips
  46. ^ Includes
    • 2% for "wouldn't vote"
    • 1% for other
  47. ^ Includes:
    • 2% for "wouldn't vote"
    • 1% for "someone else"
    • 1% for "refused"
  48. ^ a b c For "blank or null vote/won't vote
  49. ^ Includes:
    • 2% for "other"
    • 1% for Lars Mapstead
  50. ^ Includes:
    • "Wouldn't vote" at 1%
    • "Refused" at 1%
  51. ^ Includes:
    • "Wouldn't vote" at 3%
    • "Someone else" at 1%
    • "Refused" at 1%
  52. ^ Includes:
    • "I wouldn't vote" at 10%
    • "Dean Phillips (independent)" at 2%
  53. ^ Includes:
    • "Other" at 4%
    • Lars Mapstead at 1%
  54. ^ Includes:
    • "Lars Mapstead" at 2.3%
    • "No-Labels candidate" at 1.6%
  55. ^ Includes:
    • "Wouldn't vote" at 1%
    • "Someone else" at 1%
  56. ^ Includes:
    • 1% for "wouldn't vote"
    • 1% for "other"
  57. ^ Includes:
    • "Other" at 1%
    • "Do not plan to vote" at 1%
  58. ^ Includes:
    • "Wouldn't vote" at 1%
    • "Other" at 1%
  59. ^ Includes:
    • "Other" at 2%
    • "Chase Oliver" at 2%
    • "Green Party Candidate" at 1%
  60. ^ Only included voters from the "battleground" states of Arizona, Georgia, Michigan Nevada, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin
  61. ^ Includes:
    • "Other (Libertarian)" at 1%
    • "Other (Another Third Party/Write-In)" at 1%
    • "Won't vote" at 1%
  62. ^ Includes:
    • "Other" at 1%
    • "Wouldn't Vote" at 1%
  63. ^ Includes:
    • "Other" at 1%
    • "Wouldn't Vote" at 1%
  64. ^ Includes:
    • "Another Candidate" at 3%
    • "I would not vote" at 2%

Ballot access

  1. ^ Oliver on the ballot in:[4]
  2. ^ Petitioned to be on the ballot in:
  3. ^ Libertarian Party write-in states:
  4. ^ Rejected nominee states:
  5. ^ Stein on the ballot in:[10]
  6. ^ Petitioned to be on the ballot in:
  7. ^ Stein write-in states:
  8. ^ Kennedy on the ballot in:[10]
  9. ^ Kennedy petitioned to be on the ballot in:
  10. ^ Kennedy write-in states:
  11. ^ Constitution Party on the ballot in:[10]
  12. ^ Constitution Party petitioned to be on the ballot in:
  13. ^ Constitution Party write-in states:
  14. ^ [65]
  15. ^ Cornel West on the ballot in:
    • Alaska (3, as Aurora Party)[71]
    • Colorado (10, as Unity Party)[72]
    • Florida (30, as Natural Law Party)[73]
    • Mississippi (6, as Natural Law Party)[73]
    • Nebraska (5, as Nebraska Legal Marijuana NOW Party)[74]
    • Oregon (8, as Progressive Party)[75]
    • South Carolina (9, as United Citizens Party)[76][77]
    • Utah (6)[10]
    • Vermont (3, as Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party)[78]
  16. ^ West petitioned to be on the ballot in:
  17. ^ West write-in states:
  18. ^ West write-in states:
  19. ^ De la Cruz on the ballot in:
  20. ^ De la Cruz petitioned to be on the ballot in:
  21. ^ De la Cruz registered write-in in:
  22. ^ De la Cruz write-in states:
  23. ^ American Solidarity Party on the ballot in:
  24. ^ American Solidarity Party petitioned to be on the ballot in:
  25. ^ American Solidarity Party registered write-in in:
  26. ^ American Solidarity Party write-in states:
  27. ^ Constitution Party offshoots on the ballot in:
  28. ^ Constitution Party offshoots write-in states:
  29. ^ Approval Voting Party on the ballot in:
  30. ^ Approval Voting Party write-in states:
  31. ^ Garrity certified in:
  32. ^ Garrity registered write-in in:
  33. ^ Garrity write-in states:
  34. ^ Ayyadurai on the ballot in:
  35. ^ Ayyadurai awaiting certification in:
  36. ^ Ayyadurai write-in states:
  37. ^ Prohibition Party on the ballot in:
  38. ^ Prohibition Party write-in states:
  39. ^ Everylove on the ballot in:
  40. ^ Everylove write-in states:
  41. ^ Sherman on the ballot in:
  42. ^ Sherman write-in states:

References

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  2. ^ Enten, Harry (May 11, 2024). "Worms aside, RFK Jr. might make the debate stage". CNN. Retrieved June 1, 2024.
  3. ^ Aleem, Zeeshan (November 3, 2023). "What Robert Kennedy Jr.'s shocking poll numbers say about 2024". MSNBC. Retrieved November 5, 2023.
  4. ^ Winger, Richard. "May 2024 Ballot Access News Print Edition".
  5. ^ Kenney, Andrew (July 10, 2024). "Libertarians have dueling presidential candidates in Colorado as surprise RFK nomination causes chaos". Colorado Public Radio. Retrieved July 23, 2024.
  6. ^ "2024 General Election Contest/Candidate List".
  7. ^ "Election Information". PA Voter Services. Pennsylvania Department of State. Retrieved July 30, 2024.
  8. ^ a b c d "Four Presidential Petitions Submitted in Illinois". Ballot Access News. June 24, 2024. Cite error: The named reference "auto" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  9. ^ a b c Winger, Richard (July 29, 2024). "Eight Presidential Candidates Submit Petitions in New Jersey". Retrieved July 30, 2024.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Winger, Richard. "May 2024 Ballot Access News Print Edition".
  11. ^ Evans, Jordan Willow (June 5, 2024). "Montana Libertarian Party Rejects Chase Oliver's Nomination; Urges LNC to Suspend Candidacy". Independent Political Report. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
  12. ^ DeFeo, T. A. (May 30, 2023). "Oliver sees 2024 as an opportunity for Libertarians to break out". The Center Square. Retrieved May 27, 2024.
  13. ^ Winger, Richard (May 7, 2024). Redpath, Bill; Winger, Richard (eds.). "Georgia Governor Signs Bill that Eases Minor Party Presidential Ballot Access". Ballot Access News. San Fransisco, California. Archived from the original on May 14, 2024. Retrieved June 19, 2024.
  14. ^ Neugeboren, Eric (June 18, 2024). "Green Party Qualifies for 2024 Ballot in Nevada; Dem Lawsuit Pending". Election 2024. The Nevada Independent. Nevada News Bureau. Archived from the original on June 19, 2024. Retrieved June 19, 2024.
  15. ^ "Election Information". PA Voter Services. Pennsylvania Department of State. Retrieved July 30, 2024.
  16. ^ "Jill Stein for President: Ballot Access Map". Jill Stein 2024. Jill Stein for President 2024. June 13, 2024. Archived from the original on June 14, 2024. Retrieved June 19, 2024.
  17. ^ Dundon, Eric (July 24, 2024). "Robert F. Kennedy Jr., Green Party submit signatures for November ballot in Missouri". Branson Tri-Lakes News. Retrieved July 30, 2024.
  18. ^ Winger, Richard. "July 2024 Ballot Access News Print Edition".
  19. ^ @CallForCongress (July 3, 2024). "We are submitting 2410 signatures for @DrJillStein here at the Secretary of State's office in the State Capitol, Olympia WA" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  20. ^ @DrJillStein (May 26, 2024). "BREAKING: We have received enough delegates to clinch the @GreenPartyUS presidential nomination! We have swept 21 states' delegate selection conventions, bringing our total delegate count to 219. We can't continue this fight without your help! We don't take money from super PACs and rely on supporters like you. Join our movement for people, planet and peace: http://jillstein2024.com/donate" (Tweet). Retrieved May 28, 2024 – via Twitter.
  21. ^ "Statement of Candidacy" (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. April 5, 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 7, 2023. Retrieved April 5, 2023.
  22. ^ "Statement of Candidacy" (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. April 6, 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 25, 2023. Retrieved May 12, 2023.
  23. ^ "Statement of Candidacy" (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. October 17, 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 10, 2023. Retrieved December 10, 2023.
  24. ^ "2024 General Election".
  25. ^ Winger, Richard (July 25, 2024). "Ballot Access News July 2024".
  26. ^ "Where R.F.K. Jr. and Independent Presidential Candidates Are On the Ballot". The New York Times. July 10, 2024.
  27. ^ "Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. Qualifies for General Election Ballot". August 1, 2024. Retrieved August 2, 2024 – via Colorado Secretary of State.
  28. ^ Irizarry, Joe (May 9, 2024). "RFK Jr. lands on First State ballot through the Independent Party of Delaware". Delaware Public Media. Retrieved July 26, 2024.
  29. ^ Winger, Richard (June 7, 2024). "Florida Reform Party Becomes Ballot-Qualified". Ballot Access News. Retrieved June 7, 2024.
  30. ^ a b c Koretski, Katherine; Kamisar, Ben (June 18, 2024). "RFK Jr. is on track to miss the CNN debate amid race to get on state ballots". NBC News. Retrieved June 18, 2024.
  31. ^ a b "Green Party, We The People Party & Party for Socialism and Liberation Make the 2024 Ballot in Hawaii". Ballot Access News. February 24, 2024. Retrieved February 25, 2024.
  32. ^ "RFK, Jr. is Officially on the Ballot in Hawaii". Ballot Access News. February 29, 2024. Retrieved February 29, 2024.
  33. ^ Knight, Zach. "Indiana counties certify RFK has enough signatures for ballot access".
  34. ^ "Presidential Electors".
  35. ^ Miller, Kevin (July 29, 2024). "RFK Jr. qualifies for Maine's presidential ballot as an independent candidate". Maine Public Broadcasting Network. Retrieved July 30, 2024.
  36. ^ "Candidate Filings". Minnesota Secretary of State.
  37. ^ Winger, Richard (July 26, 2024). "Nebraska Secretary of State Certifies Robert F. Kennedy, Jr".
  38. ^ Stern, Gabe (July 26, 2024). "Nevada election officials certify enough signatures for Robert F. Kennedy Jr. to appear on ballot". Associated Press. Retrieved July 27, 2024.
  39. ^ Cook, Cathy (July 5, 2024). "Independent presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr. qualified to be on New Mexico ballot". Albuquerque Journal. Retrieved July 26, 2024.
  40. ^ Ingram, Kyle (July 16, 2024). "NC elections board allows Robert F. Kennedy Jr. on 2024 ballot, denies Cornel West". The News & Observer. Retrieved July 16, 2024.
  41. ^ Stecklein, Janelle (May 9, 2024). "Robert F. Kennedy files to run as independent presidential candidate in Oklahoma". Yahoo News. Utah News Dispatch. Retrieved May 10, 2024.
  42. ^ "PA Voter Services". Sure Portal Home Page. Retrieved July 29, 2024.
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