Greater Hamburg Act: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
m consistent date format |
Moondragon21 (talk | contribs) removed Category:Mergers of administrative divisions; added Category:Mergers of administrative divisions in Germany using HotCat |
||
| (33 intermediate revisions by 22 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{short description|Passed by the government of Nazi Germany on 26 January 1937}} |
|||
[[File:Hamburg.png|thumbnail|325px|Map of territories affected by the Greater Hamburg Act:<br /> |
|||
[[File:Groß-Hamburg.svg|thumbnail|325px| |
|||
{{legend0|red}}{{legend0|grey|Urban and suburban territories of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg prior to 1937}} <br /> |
|||
Territorial expansion of Hamburg after the Greater Hamburg Act (1937): <br /> |
|||
{{legend0|purple|Urban territories of the towns of Altona, Harburg and Wandsbek prior to 1937}} |
|||
{{ |
{{legend0|#CC0009|former City of Hamburg}}<br /> |
||
{{legend0|#CC4E09|former City of Bergedorf (to Hamburg since 1868)}}<br /> |
|||
{{legend0|#7F5933|areas previously belonging to Hamburg and remaining to Hamburg}}<br /> |
|||
{{legend0|#7A597F|Incorporated City of Altona}}<br /> |
|||
{{legend0|#95B2D4|Incorporated City of Wandsbek}}<br /> |
|||
{{legend0|#4D7F33|Incorporated City of Harburg-Wilhelmsburg}}<br /> |
|||
{{legend0|#CC9966|Incorporated rural communities}} |
|||
]] |
]] |
||
{{History of Hamburg}} |
{{History of Hamburg}} |
||
The '''Greater Hamburg Act''' ({{lang-de|Groß-Hamburg-Gesetz}}), in full the '''Law Regarding Greater Hamburg and Other Territorial Readjustments''' ({{lang-de|Gesetz über Groß-Hamburg und andere Gebietsbereinigungen}}), was passed by the government of [[Nazi Germany]] on 26 January 1937, and mandated the exchange of territories between [[Hamburg]] and the [[Free State of Prussia (1918–1933)|Free State of Prussia]]. It became effective on 1 April 1937 |
The '''Greater Hamburg Act''' ({{lang-de|Groß-Hamburg-Gesetz}}), in full the '''Law Regarding Greater Hamburg and Other Territorial Readjustments''' ({{lang-de|Gesetz über Groß-Hamburg und andere Gebietsbereinigungen}}), was passed by the government of [[Nazi Germany]] on 26 January 1937, and mandated the exchange of territories between [[Hamburg]] and the [[Free State of Prussia (1918–1933)|Free State of Prussia]]. It became effective on 1 April 1937<ref name="note1">, with the exception of paragraph 2 (unifying Hamburg to a single ''Gemeinde'') which, according to paragraph 15, had to be put into effect separately at a date determined by the minister of the interior no later than 1 April 1938, and with the exception of paragraph 10, which became effective immediately.</ref> |
||
== |
==Greater Hamburg== |
||
Hamburg lost most of its [[enclave and exclave|exclaves]], including [[Geesthacht]] and [[Cuxhaven]]. In return, Hamburg was enlarged by including formerly Prussian towns like [[Altona, Hamburg|Altona]], [[Wandsbek]], and [[Harburg-Wilhelmsburg]] as well as a number of villages. This represented the formal merger of what had previously been referred to as the "Four-City Region". |
Hamburg lost most of its [[enclave and exclave|exclaves]], including [[Geesthacht]] and [[Cuxhaven]]. In return, Hamburg was enlarged by including formerly Prussian towns like [[Altona, Hamburg|Altona]], [[Wandsbek]], and [[Harburg-Wilhelmsburg]] as well as a number of villages. [[Altona, Hamburg|Altona]] and [[Wandsbek]] had been part of the Prussian province of [[Schleswig-Holstein Province|Schleswig-Holstein]], while [[Harburg, Hamburg|Harburg-Wilhelmsburg]] had been a part of the Prussian [[province of Hanover]]. This represented the formal merger of what had previously been referred to as the "Four-City Region". |
||
==Lübeck== |
|||
A symbolic but important change was the "renaming" of Hamburg. It had to be referred to as "Hansestadt Hamburg" ("[[Hanseatic League|Hanseatic]] City of Hamburg") instead of "Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg" ("Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg"). The reference to freedom in the older name dates back to the [[Holy Roman Empire]], which included a number of more-or-less sovereign [[free imperial city|Imperial free cities]], including Hamburg. |
|||
Besides the regulations for Hamburg, the law incorporated most of the [[Free City of Lübeck]] into the Prussian province of [[Schleswig-Holstein Province|Schleswig-Holstein]], though some smaller villages were included in the [[Mecklenburg|State of Mecklenburg]]. This constituted a victory for the [[Gauleiter]] (regional party leader) of [[Schleswig-Holstein]], who had competed with the neighbouring Gauleiter of [[Mecklenburg]] for control of the city ever since 1933. |
|||
Until the Greater Hamburg Act, Lübeck had been a separate member state of the Reich. Two reasons for ending this status are cited: [[Adolf Hitler]] had a distaste for Lübeck ever since the city council prohibited him to campaign there in 1932,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/citybreaks/5428909/Lubeck-the-town-that-said-no-to-Hitler.html |first=Simon |last=Heffer |title=Lübeck: The town that said no to Hitler |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=2 June 2009 |access-date=28 June 2010 }}</ref> and Lübeck formed part of the compensation given to Prussia for its losses to Hamburg (besides Lübeck, Prussia also gained Hamburg's territories of [[Geesthacht]], which was also incorporated into the province of Schleswig-Holstein, and Ritzebüttel (including [[Cuxhaven]]), which went to the [[Province of Hanover]]). |
|||
== Prussia == |
|||
Besides the regulations for Hamburg, the law merged the [[Free City of Lübeck]] with Prussia. Some smaller villages were included in the [[Mecklenburg|State of Mecklenburg]]. Lübeck had been an independent member state of the federation that formed the Reich before the [[Gleichschaltung]] began to bring them into line in 1933–34. [[Adolf Hitler]] had a distaste for Lübeck ever since the city council forbade him to campaign there in 1932<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/citybreaks/5428909/Lubeck-The-town-that-said-no-to-Hitler.html |title=Lübeck: The town that said no to Hitler |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=2 June 2009 |accessdate=28 June 2010 }}</ref> although there was also a need to compensate Prussia for its losses to Hamburg. Besides Lübeck, which was incorporated into the Prussian Province of [[Schleswig-Holstein Province|Schleswig-Holstein]], Hamburg had to cede its possessions of [[Geesthacht]], which went to Schleswig-Holstein as well, and Ritzebüttel (which included [[Cuxhaven]]), which went to the Prussian Province of [[Province of Hanover|Hanover]]. Out of the possessions Prussia ceded to Hamburg, the towns of [[Altona, Hamburg|Altona]] and [[Wandsbek]] had belonged to Schleswig-Holstein, while the town of [[Harburg, Hamburg|Harburg-Wilhelmsburg]] had been a part of Hanover. |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
As all of [[Nazi Germany]] was divided into [[Gau (country subdivision)|Gaue]], the [[Gauleiter|Gau leaders]] of the regions neighbouring Lübeck, [[Schleswig-Holstein]] and [[Mecklenburg]], had been vying for control of the city from 1933. Its merging with Prussia represented the victory of the Schleswig-Holstein Gauleiter. |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
* [[Constitution of Hamburg]] |
|||
* [[Greater Berlin Act]] |
* [[Greater Berlin Act]] |
||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
||
{{refbegin}} |
{{refbegin}} |
||
| ⚫ | |||
{{refend}} |
{{refend}} |
||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
{{Commonscat}} |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
{{Commons category}} |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
[[Category: |
[[Category:1930s in Hamburg]] |
||
| ⚫ | |||
[[Category:History of Lübeck]] |
[[Category:History of Lübeck]] |
||
[[Category:20th century in Schleswig-Holstein]] |
[[Category:20th century in Schleswig-Holstein]] |
||
[[Category:Law of Prussia]] |
[[Category:Law of Prussia]] |
||
[[Category:20th century in Mecklenburg- |
[[Category:20th century in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania]] |
||
[[Category:1937 in law]] |
[[Category:1937 in law]] |
||
| ⚫ | |||
[[Category:Hamburg law]] |
|||
[[Category:Mergers of administrative divisions in Germany]] |
|||
Latest revision as of 19:58, 17 August 2024
former City of Hamburg
former City of Bergedorf (to Hamburg since 1868)
areas previously belonging to Hamburg and remaining to Hamburg
Incorporated City of Altona
Incorporated City of Wandsbek
Incorporated City of Harburg-Wilhelmsburg
Incorporated rural communities
| History of Hamburg |
|---|
 |
| by timeline |
| by other topic |
|
The Greater Hamburg Act (‹See Tfd›German: Groß-Hamburg-Gesetz), in full the Law Regarding Greater Hamburg and Other Territorial Readjustments (‹See Tfd›German: Gesetz über Groß-Hamburg und andere Gebietsbereinigungen), was passed by the government of Nazi Germany on 26 January 1937, and mandated the exchange of territories between Hamburg and the Free State of Prussia. It became effective on 1 April 1937[1]
Greater Hamburg
[edit]Hamburg lost most of its exclaves, including Geesthacht and Cuxhaven. In return, Hamburg was enlarged by including formerly Prussian towns like Altona, Wandsbek, and Harburg-Wilhelmsburg as well as a number of villages. Altona and Wandsbek had been part of the Prussian province of Schleswig-Holstein, while Harburg-Wilhelmsburg had been a part of the Prussian province of Hanover. This represented the formal merger of what had previously been referred to as the "Four-City Region".
Lübeck
[edit]Besides the regulations for Hamburg, the law incorporated most of the Free City of Lübeck into the Prussian province of Schleswig-Holstein, though some smaller villages were included in the State of Mecklenburg. This constituted a victory for the Gauleiter (regional party leader) of Schleswig-Holstein, who had competed with the neighbouring Gauleiter of Mecklenburg for control of the city ever since 1933.
Until the Greater Hamburg Act, Lübeck had been a separate member state of the Reich. Two reasons for ending this status are cited: Adolf Hitler had a distaste for Lübeck ever since the city council prohibited him to campaign there in 1932,[2] and Lübeck formed part of the compensation given to Prussia for its losses to Hamburg (besides Lübeck, Prussia also gained Hamburg's territories of Geesthacht, which was also incorporated into the province of Schleswig-Holstein, and Ritzebüttel (including Cuxhaven), which went to the Province of Hanover).
See also
[edit]Notes and references
[edit]- ^ , with the exception of paragraph 2 (unifying Hamburg to a single Gemeinde) which, according to paragraph 15, had to be put into effect separately at a date determined by the minister of the interior no later than 1 April 1938, and with the exception of paragraph 10, which became effective immediately.
- ^ Heffer, Simon (2 June 2009). "Lübeck: The town that said no to Hitler". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
Further reading
[edit]- Dr William Boehart: "Das Groß-Hamburg-Gesetz — Ein Rückblick 70 Jahre danach". In Lichtwark-Heft Nr. 71, November 2006. Verlag HB-Werbung, Bergedorf. ISSN 1862-3549.
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Greater Hamburg Act.
- Text of the law (in German)
- German website on history of Lübeck