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Aicha Kandicha (Moroccan Arabic: عيشة قنديشة, romanized: ʿayša qəndiša, referred to in some works as Qandisa) is a female mythological figure in Moroccan folklore.^[1]^[2]^[3] One of a number of folkloric characters who are similar to jinn but have distinct personalities, she is typically depicted as a beautiful young woman who has the legs of a hoofed animal such as a goat or camel. Although descriptions of Aicha Kandicha vary from region to region within Morocco, she is generally thought to live near water sources, and is said to use her beauty to seduce local men and then madden or kill them.^[4]

Origins

Edvard Westermarck claimed that Aicha Kandicha's name is "distinctly of Eastern origin," co-identifying her with Qetesh in ancient Canaanite religion, who he identified as "the temple harlot" and tying her to the cult of the goddess Astarte, incorrectly characterised as a "fertility" goddess. Westermarck suggests that Phoenician colonies in North Africa first introduced Kandicha, who was later folded into Islamic traditions while maintaining her licentious nature and association with aquatic environments. He also proposes that her associate Hammu Qayyu may be inspired by the Carthaginian god Hammon.^[2] Westermarck's theory relied on an antiquated understanding of ancient Near Eastern deities. Theories presenting Qetesh as a "sacred harlot" are regarded as obsolete in modern scholarship due to lack of evidence,^[5] and she's generally regarded as a goddess developed in Egypt possibly without a clear forerunner among Canaanite or Syrian goddesses, though given a Semitic name and associated mostly with foreign deities.^[6] A direct connection between Qetesh and Astarte - associated, depending on the time period and area, with war, hunting, royal power, healing etc., but not with fertility as Westermarck claimed - cannot be established.^[7]

A more recent proposal is that Kandicha was derived from a real historical figure, namely a Moroccan "countess" (contessa) from el Jadida who helped resist the Portuguese by seducing soldiers, who were then killed by Moroccan fighters lying in wait.^[8]^[9] It is believed that she began resisting Colonialism after her husband was killed.^[10] Aïcha would have so many men that the soldiers began to fear her. Locals believed she had supernatural powers.^[11]

Features

Nearly all accounts of Aicha Kandicha identify her home as a nearby body of water.^[12] In Tangier, this is thought to be the sea, in Tétouan it is the Martil, in Fez it is a drainage canal, and among the Beni Ahsen it is the Sebou. There is also general agreement that she preys upon young men, whom she entices with her beauty or by posing as their wives. More localized beliefs about Aicha Kandicha, such as those of the Beni Ahsen, include that she is afraid of steel knives and needles and has a husband (or male associate) known as Hammu Qayyu. In more southern regions of Morocco, including Doukkala, she is instead called "Kharaja."^[2]

In the traditions of the Buffi Sufi order, Aicha Kandicha is only one of several female jinn with the given name Aicha, each of whom have different personalities. The Buffis believe her to wear black garments, have camel-like feet, cause pregnant women who see her to miscarry, and cause people she possesses to bray or bark like animals.^[13] Names that may be synonymous with Aicha Kandicha elsewhere—including "Spicy Aicha" (ʿayša s-sudaniya) and "Aicha of the Sea" (ʿayša l-bəḥriya) -- are seen by the Buffis as unique entities. However, Lalla Aisha has neither a tomb nor a grave, her soul roams the place according to the prevailing beliefs, and her blessing is able to fulfill the wishes of everyone who visits her.^[14]

In popular culture

Aicha Kandicha has been referenced in a number of Moroccan cultural works, including books, films, and songs.^[8] One example is the Gnawa tune Lalla Aicha^[15] and the French horror movie Kandisha.^[16]^[17]

References

^ Lurker, Manfred (1987). Dictionary of Gods and Goddesses, Devils and Demons. Routledge. p. 293. ISBN 978-0-7102-0877-4.
^ ^a ^b ^c Westermarck, Edward (1926). Ritual and belief in Morocco. Vol. 1. London: Macmillan and Co. pp. 392–396.
^ Pereda Roig, Carlos (2016). Festividades, costumbres, creencias y tradiciones de la región de Chauen. Instituto Cervantes de Tánger. pp. 1–8.
^ "Kandisha's Tense Creature Feature Brings Moroccan Djinn to Life". pastemagazine.com. 2021-07-21. Archived from the original on 2021-11-08. Retrieved 2022-10-21.
^ I. Cornelius, Qudshu, Iconography of Deities and Demons in the Ancient Near East, p. 4
^ Ch. Zivie-Choche, Foreign Deities in Egypt [in:] J. Dieleman, W. Wendrich (eds.), UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, 2011, p. 5-6
^ R. Schmitt, Astarte, Mistress of Horses, Lady of the Chariot: The Warrior Aspect of Astarte, Die Welt des Orients 43, 2013, p. 213-225
^ ^a ^b Douider, Samira (2012-12-30). "Deux mythes féminins du Maghreb : la Kahina et Aïcha Kandicha". Recherches & Travaux (81): 75–81. doi:10.4000/recherchestravaux.547. ISSN 0151-1874. Archived from the original on 2015-11-17. Retrieved 2017-11-26.
^ "Aicha Kandicha, la légende et le démon". Zamane. Retrieved 2017-11-26.
^ "[Halloween Special🎃] Aicha Kandicha: A Myth or a Reality?". MyTindy. Retrieved 2022-10-21.
^ "8 mars : Portrait de Aicha Kandicha, le mythe féminin, entre fascination et diabolisation". Hespress Français (in French). 2020-03-07. Retrieved 2022-10-21.
^ Yousry, Omar (2022-06-13). "6 Mysterious Mythical Creatures From The Middle East". Scoop Empire. Retrieved 2022-10-21.
^ Maʻrūf, Muḥammad (2007). Jinn Eviction as a Discourse of Power: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Modern Moroccan Magical Beliefs and Practices. Brill. pp. 106–107. ISBN 978-90-04-16099-6..
^ "للا عيشة.. حيثُ تحوم أساطير الشعوذة وتسكن "أرواح البركة"". Hespress - هسبريس جريدة إلكترونية مغربية (in Arabic). 2014-11-04. Retrieved 2022-10-21.
^ ""Lady Aicha" : Dans le désert marocain, le musicien Bantunani à la conquête de Aicha Kendisha". Hespress Français (in French). 2021-07-08. Retrieved 2022-10-21.
^ "The directors of Inside put their spin on Candyman in slasher Kandisha". The A.V. Club. 2021-07-22. Retrieved 2022-10-21.
^ Shawhan, Jason (22 July 2021). "An Instant Sleepover Classic, Another Fear Street Installment and More, Now Available to Stream". Nashville Scene. Retrieved 2022-10-21.

[lurker1987-1] Lurker, Manfred (1987). Dictionary of Gods and Goddesses, Devils and Demons. Routledge. p. 293. ISBN 978-0-7102-0877-4.

[westermarck1926-2] Westermarck, Edward (1926). Ritual and belief in Morocco. Vol. 1. London: Macmillan and Co. pp. 392–396.

[pereda2016-3] Pereda Roig, Carlos (2016). Festividades, costumbres, creencias y tradiciones de la región de Chauen. Instituto Cervantes de Tánger. pp. 1–8.

[4] "Kandisha's Tense Creature Feature Brings Moroccan Djinn to Life". pastemagazine.com. 2021-07-21. Archived from the original on 2021-11-08. Retrieved 2022-10-21.

[5] I. Cornelius, Qudshu, Iconography of Deities and Demons in the Ancient Near East, p. 4

[6] Ch. Zivie-Choche, Foreign Deities in Egypt [in:] J. Dieleman, W. Wendrich (eds.), UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, 2011, p. 5-6

[7] R. Schmitt, Astarte, Mistress of Horses, Lady of the Chariot: The Warrior Aspect of Astarte, Die Welt des Orients 43, 2013, p. 213-225

[douider2012-8] Douider, Samira (2012-12-30). "Deux mythes féminins du Maghreb : la Kahina et Aïcha Kandicha". Recherches & Travaux (81): 75–81. doi:10.4000/recherchestravaux.547. ISSN 0151-1874. Archived from the original on 2015-11-17. Retrieved 2017-11-26.

[zamane-9] "Aicha Kandicha, la légende et le démon". Zamane. Retrieved 2017-11-26.

[10] "[Halloween Special🎃] Aicha Kandicha: A Myth or a Reality?". MyTindy. Retrieved 2022-10-21.

[11] "8 mars : Portrait de Aicha Kandicha, le mythe féminin, entre fascination et diabolisation". Hespress Français (in French). 2020-03-07. Retrieved 2022-10-21.

[12] Yousry, Omar (2022-06-13). "6 Mysterious Mythical Creatures From The Middle East". Scoop Empire. Retrieved 2022-10-21.

[maruf2007-13] Maʻrūf, Muḥammad (2007). Jinn Eviction as a Discourse of Power: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Modern Moroccan Magical Beliefs and Practices. Brill. pp. 106–107. ISBN 978-90-04-16099-6..

[14] "للا عيشة.. حيثُ تحوم أساطير الشعوذة وتسكن "أرواح البركة"". Hespress - هسبريس جريدة إلكترونية مغربية (in Arabic). 2014-11-04. Retrieved 2022-10-21.

[15] ""Lady Aicha" : Dans le désert marocain, le musicien Bantunani à la conquête de Aicha Kendisha". Hespress Français (in French). 2021-07-08. Retrieved 2022-10-21.

[16] "The directors of Inside put their spin on Candyman in slasher Kandisha". The A.V. Club. 2021-07-22. Retrieved 2022-10-21.

[17] Shawhan, Jason (22 July 2021). "An Instant Sleepover Classic, Another Fear Street Installment and More, Now Available to Stream". Nashville Scene. Retrieved 2022-10-21.

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+{{Short description|Moroccan female mythological figure}}
-'''Aicha Qandicha''' ({{lang-ary|عيشة قنديشة|ʿayša qəndiša}}, referred to in some works as '''Qandisa''') is a female [[mythology|mythological]] figure in northern [[Morocco|Moroccan]] folklore.<ref name="lurker1987">{{cite book | last = Lurker | first = Manfred | title = Dictionary of Gods and Goddesses, Devils and Demons | publisher = [[Routledge]] | year = 1987 | pages = 293
-  | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=hZg9AAAAIAAJ | isbn =978-0-7102-0877-4 }}</ref><ref name="westermarck1926">{{Cite book| publisher = Macmillan and Co.| last = Westermarck| first = Edward| title = Ritual and belief in Morocco| location = London| date = 1926 | volume = 1 | pages = 392–396}}</ref><ref name="pereda2016">{{Cite book| publisher = Instituto Cervantes de Tánger| last = Pereda Roig| first = Carlos| title = Festividades, costumbres, creencias y tradiciones de la región de Chauen| date = 2016| pages=1–8 | url=http://coleccionesdigitales.cervantes.es/cdm/compoundobject/collection/FOCAPE/id/1064/rec/6}}</ref> One of a number of folkloric characters who are similar to [[jinn]], but have distinct personalities, she is typically depicted as a beautiful young woman who has the legs of a [[hoof|hoofed animal]] such as a goat or camel. Although descriptions of Aicha Kandicha vary from region to region within Morocco, she is generally thought to live near water sources, and is said to use her beauty to seduce local men and then madden or kill them.
+'''Aicha Kandicha''' ({{lang-ary|عيشة قنديشة|ʿayša qəndiša}}, referred to in some works as '''Qandisa''') is a female [[mythology|mythological]] figure in Moroccan folklore.<ref name="lurker1987">{{cite book | last = Lurker | first = Manfred | title = Dictionary of Gods and Goddesses, Devils and Demons | publisher = [[Routledge]] | year = 1987 | pages = 293
-==Features==
+  | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=hZg9AAAAIAAJ | isbn =978-0-7102-0877-4 }}</ref><ref name="westermarck1926">{{Cite book| publisher = Macmillan and Co.| last = Westermarck| first = Edward| title = Ritual and belief in Morocco| location = London| date = 1926 | volume = 1 | pages = 392–396}}</ref><ref name="pereda2016">{{Cite book| publisher = Instituto Cervantes de Tánger| last = Pereda Roig| first = Carlos| title = Festividades, costumbres, creencias y tradiciones de la región de Chauen| date = 2016| pages=1–8 | url=http://coleccionesdigitales.cervantes.es/cdm/compoundobject/collection/FOCAPE/id/1064/rec/6}}</ref> One of a number of folkloric characters who are similar to [[jinn]] but have distinct personalities, she is typically depicted as a beautiful young woman who has the legs of a [[hoof|hoofed animal]] such as a goat or camel. Although descriptions of Aicha Kandicha vary from region to region within Morocco, she is generally thought to live near water sources, and is said to use her beauty to seduce local men and then madden or kill them.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-21 |title=Kandisha's Tense Creature Feature Brings Moroccan Djinn to Life |url=https://www.pastemagazine.com/movies/kandisha-review/ |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=pastemagazine.com |language=en |archive-date=2021-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108093332/https://www.pastemagazine.com/movies/kandisha-review/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
+==Origins==
-Nearly all accounts of Aicha Kandicha identify her home as a nearby body of water. In [[Tangier]], this is thought to be the sea; in [[Tetouan]] it is the [[Martil river]], in [[Fes]] it is a drainage canal, and among the [[Beni Ahsen]] it is the [[Sebou river]]. There is also general agreement that she primarily preys upon young men, whom she entices with her beauty or by posing as their wives. More localized beliefs about Aicha Kandicha, such as those of the Beni Ahsen, include that she is afraid of steel knives and needles and that she has a husband (or male associate) known as Hammu Qayyu. In more southern regions of Morocco, including [[Doukkala]], she is instead called "Kharaja."<ref name="westermarck1926" />
+[[Edvard Westermarck]] claimed that Aicha Kandicha's name is "distinctly of Eastern origin," co-identifying her with [[Qetesh]] in [[ancient Canaanite religion]], who he identified as "the temple harlot" and tying her to the cult of the goddess [[Astarte]], incorrectly characterised as a "fertility" goddess.
+Westermarck suggests that [[Colonies in antiquity#Phoenician colonies|Phoenician colonies]] in North Africa first introduced Kandicha, who was later folded into Islamic traditions while maintaining her licentious nature and association with aquatic environments. He also proposes that her associate [[Hammu Qayyu]] may be inspired by the Carthaginian god [[Baal Hammon|Hammon]].<ref name="westermarck1926" /> Westermarck's theory relied on an antiquated understanding of ancient Near Eastern deities. Theories presenting Qetesh as a "[[Temple prostitute|sacred harlot]]" are regarded as obsolete in modern scholarship due to lack of evidence,<ref>I. Cornelius, ''[http://www.religionswissenschaft.uzh.ch/idd/prepublications/e_idd_qudshu.pdf Qudshu]'', ''[http://www.religionswissenschaft.uzh.ch/idd/prepublication.php Iconography of Deities and Demons in the Ancient Near East]'', p. 4</ref> and she's generally regarded as a goddess developed in Egypt possibly without a clear forerunner among Canaanite or Syrian goddesses, though given a [[Semitic languages|Semitic]] name and associated mostly with foreign deities.<ref>Ch. Zivie-Choche, ''[https://escholarship.org/content/qt7tr1814c/qt7tr1814c.pdf Foreign Deities in Egypt]''  [in:] J. Dieleman, W. Wendrich (eds.), ''UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology'', 2011, p. 5-6</ref> A direct connection between Qetesh and Astarte - associated, depending on the time period and area, with war, hunting, royal power, healing etc., but not with fertility as Westermarck claimed - cannot be established.<ref>R. Schmitt, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/23608856 ''Astarte, Mistress of Horses, Lady of the Chariot: The Warrior Aspect of Astarte''], ''Die Welt des Orient''s 43, 2013, p. 213-225</ref>
+A more recent proposal is that Kandicha was derived from a real historical figure, namely a Moroccan "countess" (''contessa'') from [[el Jadida]] who helped resist the [[Moroccan–Portuguese conflicts|Portuguese]] by seducing soldiers, who were then killed by Moroccan fighters lying in wait.<ref name="douider2012">{{Cite journal| issn = 0151-1874| issue = 81| pages = 75–81| last = Douider| first = Samira| title = Deux mythes féminins du Maghreb : la Kahina et Aïcha Kandicha| journal = Recherches & Travaux| access-date = 2017-11-26| date = 2012-12-30| doi = 10.4000/recherchestravaux.547| url = https://recherchestravaux.revues.org/547?lang=en| doi-access = free| archive-date = 2015-11-17| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151117182228/http://recherchestravaux.revues.org/547?lang=en| url-status = dead}}</ref><ref name="zamane">{{Cite web| title = Aicha Kandicha, la légende et le démon| website = Zamane| access-date = 2017-11-26| url = http://zamane.ma/fr/aicha-kandicha-la-legende-et-le-demon-2/}}</ref> It is believed that she began resisting [[Colonialism]] after her husband was killed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=[Halloween Special🎃] Aicha Kandicha: A Myth or a Reality? |url=https://mytindy.com/blogs/mytindy-blog/halloween-special%f0%9f%8e%83-aicha-kandicha-a-myth-or-a-reality |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=MyTindy |language=en}}</ref> Aïcha would have so many men that the soldiers began to fear her. Locals believed she had supernatural powers.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-07 |title=8 mars : Portrait de Aicha Kandicha, le mythe féminin, entre fascination et diabolisation |url=https://fr.hespress.com/132101-8-mars-portrait-de-aicha-kandicha-le-mythe-feminin-entre-fascination-et-diabolisation.html |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=Hespress Français |language=fr-FR}}</ref>
-In the traditions of the Buffi [[Sufi]] order, Aicha Kandicha is only one of a number of female jinn with the given name Aicha, each of whom have different personalities. The Buffis believe her to wear black garments, have camel-like feet, cause pregnant women who see her to miscarry, and cause people she [[Spirit possession|possesses]] to bray or bark like animals.<ref name="maruf2007">{{Cite book| publisher = BRILL| isbn = 978-90-04-16099-6| last = Maʻrūf| first = Muḥammad| title = Jinn Eviction as a Discourse of Power: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Modern Morrocan Magical Beliefs and Practices| date = 2007| pages=106–107 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9CdtKnHA6PsC}}.</ref> Names that may be synonymous with Aicha Kandicha elsewhere—including "Sudanese Aicha" (''ʿayša s-sudaniya'') and "Aicha of the Sea" (''ʿayša l-bəḥriya'') -- are seen by the Buffis as unique entities.
-==Origins==
+==Features==
-[[Edvard Westermarck]] claimed that Aicha Kandicha's name is "distinctly of Eastern origin," co-identifying her with the temple harlot [[Qetesh]] in [[ancient Canaanite religion]] and tying her to the cult of the fertility goddess [[Astarte]]. Westermarck suggests that [[Colonies in antiquity#Phoenician colonies|Phoenician colonies]] in North Africa first introduced Kandicha, who was later folded into Islamic traditions while maintaining her licentious nature and association with aquatic environments. He also proposes that her associate Hammu Qayyu may be inspired by the Carthaginian fertility god [[Baal Hammon|Hammon]].<ref name="westermarck1926" />
+Nearly all accounts of Aicha Kandicha identify her home as a nearby body of water.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yousry |first=Omar |date=2022-06-13 |title=6 Mysterious Mythical Creatures From The Middle East |url=https://scoopempire.com/6-mysterious-mythical-creatures-from-the-middle-east/ |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=Scoop Empire |language=en-US}}</ref> In [[Tangier]], this is thought to be the sea, in [[Tétouan]] it is the [[Martil Valley|Martil]], in [[Fez, Morocco|Fez]] it is a drainage canal, and among the [[Beni Ahsen]] it is the [[Sebou River|Sebou]]. There is also general agreement that she preys upon young men, whom she entices with her beauty or by posing as their wives. More localized beliefs about Aicha Kandicha, such as those of the Beni Ahsen, include that she is afraid of steel knives and needles and has a husband (or male associate) known as Hammu Qayyu. In more southern regions of Morocco, including [[Doukkala]], she is instead called "Kharaja."<ref name="westermarck1926" />
+In the traditions of the Buffi [[tariqa|Sufi order]], Aicha Kandicha is only one of several female jinn with the given name Aicha, each of whom have different personalities. The Buffis believe her to wear black garments, have camel-like feet, cause pregnant women who see her to miscarry, and cause people she possesses to bray or bark like animals.<ref name="maruf2007">{{Cite book| publisher = Brill| isbn = 978-90-04-16099-6| last = Maʻrūf| first = Muḥammad| title = Jinn Eviction as a Discourse of Power: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Modern Moroccan Magical Beliefs and Practices| date = 2007| pages=106–107 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9CdtKnHA6PsC}}.</ref> Names that may be synonymous with Aicha Kandicha elsewhere—including "Spicy Aicha" (''ʿayša s-sudaniya'') and "Aicha of the Sea" (''ʿayša l-bəḥriya'') -- are seen by the Buffis as unique entities. However, Lalla Aisha has neither a tomb nor a grave, her soul roams the place according to the prevailing beliefs, and her blessing is able to fulfill the wishes of everyone who visits her.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-11-04 |title=للا عيشة.. حيثُ تحوم أساطير الشعوذة وتسكن "أرواح البركة" |url=https://www.hespress.com/للا-عيشة-حيثُ-تحوم-أساطير-الشعوذة-وتسك-193777.html |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=Hespress - هسبريس جريدة إلكترونية مغربية |language=ar}}</ref>
-An alternate proposal is that Kandicha was derived from a real historical figure, namely a Moroccan "countess" (''contessa'') from [[el Jadida]] who helped resist the [[Moroccan–Portuguese conflicts|Portuguese]] by seducing soldiers, who were then killed by Moroccan fighters lying in wait.<ref name="douider2012">{{Cite journal| issn = 0151-1874| issue = 81| pages = 75–81| last = Douider| first = Samira| title = Deux mythes féminins du Maghreb : la Kahina et Aïcha Kandicha| journal = Recherches & Travaux| access-date = 2017-11-26| date = 2012-12-30| doi = 10.4000/recherchestravaux.547| url = https://recherchestravaux.revues.org/547?lang=en| doi-access = free}}</ref><ref name="zamane">{{Cite web| title = Aicha Kandicha, la légende et le démon| website = Zamane| access-date = 2017-11-26| url = http://zamane.ma/fr/aicha-kandicha-la-legende-et-le-demon-2/}}</ref>
 ==In popular culture==
+Aicha Kandicha has been referenced in a number of Moroccan cultural works, including books, films, and songs.<ref name="douider2012" /> One example is the [[Gnawa music|Gnawa]] tune ''Lalla Aicha''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-08 |title="Lady Aicha" : Dans le désert marocain, le musicien Bantunani à la conquête de Aicha Kendisha |url=https://fr.hespress.com/213715-lady-aicha-dans-le-desert-marocain-le-musicien-bantunani-a-la-conquete-de-aicha-kendisha.html |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=Hespress Français |language=fr-FR}}</ref> and the French horror movie ''[[Kandisha (2020 film)|Kandisha]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-22 |title=The directors of Inside put their spin on Candyman in slasher Kandisha |url=https://www.avclub.com/the-directors-of-inside-put-their-spin-on-candyman-in-t-1847336986 |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=The A.V. Club |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Shawhan |first=Jason |title=An Instant Sleepover Classic, Another Fear Street Installment and More, Now Available to Stream |url=https://www.nashvillescene.com/arts_culture/film_tv/an-instant-sleepover-classic-another-i-fear-street-i-installment-and-more-now-available-to/article_8319c278-e8de-11eb-a44e-f753b2edb591.html |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=Nashville Scene |date=22 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
-Aicha Kandicha has been referenced in a number of Moroccan cultural works, including books, films, and songs.<ref name="douider2012" /> One example is the [[Gnawa music|Gnawa]] tune ''Lalla Aicha''.
 ==See also==
@@ Line 37: / Line 40: @@
 [[Category:African goddesses]]
 [[Category:Love and lust goddesses]]
-[[Category:Moroccan culture]]
+[[Category:Culture of Morocco]]
 [[Category:Jinn]]
 [[Category:Female legendary creatures]]
@@ Line 43: / Line 46: @@
 [[Category:Jinniyyat]]
 [[Category:Astarte]]
+[[Category:Water spirits]]