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{{short description|French politician (1919–1991)}} |
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{{distinguish||text=[[René Bousquet]]}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}} |
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{{infobox person |
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| name = Pierre Bousquet |
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| birth_date = November 1919 |
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| birth_place = [[Tours]], France |
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| death_date = {{death date and age|1991|08|27|1919|11|df=yes}} |
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| death_place = Paris, France |
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| party = [[National Front (France)|National Front]] (1972–1980) <br /> [[French Nationalist Party]] (1983–1991) |
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| occupation = Journalist |
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}} |
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| ⚫ | '''Pierre Bousquet''' ({{IPA|fr|pjɛʁ buskɛ|lang}}; November 1919 – 27 August 1991) was a French journalist and [[far-right]] politician. A former section leader (''[[Rottenführer]]'') in the [[Waffen-SS]] [[33rd Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS Charlemagne (1st French)|Charlemagne Division]], Bousquet was the first treasurer and a founding member of the [[National Rally (France)|National Front]] in 1972. |
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== Biography == |
== Biography == |
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| ⚫ | Pierre Bousquet was born in November 1919 in [[Tours]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite news|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1986/06/24/jean-marie-le-pen-est-un-reformiste-qui-se-trompe-car-la-democratie-n-est-pas-amendable_2914162_1819218.html |
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=== Early life and WWII === |
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| ⚫ | After the [[Fall of France]] in August 1944, he managed to convince the American troops that he had been a forced member of the ''[[Service du travail obligatoire]],'' and was designated to be in charge of organizing the arrest and the return to France of former [[Collaboration with |
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| ⚫ | Pierre Bousquet was born in November 1919 in [[Tours]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite news|last=B. T.|date=24 June 1986|title='Jean-Marie Le Pen est un réformiste qui se trompe car la démocratie n'est pas amendable...'|language=fr|work=[[Le Monde]]|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1986/06/24/jean-marie-le-pen-est-un-reformiste-qui-se-trompe-car-la-democratie-n-est-pas-amendable_2914162_1819218.html}}</ref> He became a member of the youth movement of the [[Mouvement Franciste]] in 1936.{{sfn|D'Appollonia|1998|p=472}}<ref>{{Cite book|last=Taguieff|first=Pierre André|title=Sur la Nouvelle Droite: jalons d'une analyse critique|date=1994|publisher=Descartes et Cie|isbn=9782910301026|pages=161|language=fr}}</ref> In 1941 [[Marcel Bucard]] appointed him director of the commanding office of Jeunesse française.{{sfn|D'Appollonia|1998|p=472}} On 25 August 1943, Bousquet joined the [[Waffen-SS]] in [[Alsace]] and ended up with the rank of ''[[Rottenführer]]'' in the [[33rd Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS Charlemagne (1st French)|Charlemagne Division]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Schneider|first=C. L.|chapter=Police Abuse and the Racialized Boundaries|editor-last=Bonner|editor-first=Michelle D.|title=Police Abuse in Contemporary Democracies|editor-last2=Seri|editor-first2=Guillermina|editor-last3=Kubal|editor-first3=Mary Rose|editor-last4=Kempa|editor-first4=Michael|date=2018|publisher=Springer|pages=40|isbn=978-3-319-72883-4}}</ref> |
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=== 1950–1960s === |
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| ⚫ | A member of the [[Pan-European nationalism|euro-nationalist]] magazine ''[[Europe-Action]]'', he replaced [[Dominique Venner]] as the president of the [[European Rally for Liberty]] following its failure in the [[1967 French legislative election|1967 legislative election]], along with another former Waffen-SS named Pierre Clémenti. |
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| ⚫ | After the [[Fall of France|liberation of France]] in August 1944, he managed to convince the American troops that he had been a forced member of the ''[[Service du travail obligatoire]],'' and was designated to be in charge of organizing the arrest and the return to France of former [[Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy|collaborationists]]. Back in Paris in 1946, he tried to infiltrate anti-communist movements with a group of former Waffen-SS in order to maneuver them.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Lebourg|first=Nicolas|author-link=Nicolas Lebourg|date=8 May 2014|title=Les anciens SS ont reconstruit l'extrême droite française après 1945|url=http://www.slate.fr/culture/86829/waffen-ss-francais-racines-droites-radicales|website=Slate|language=fr}}</ref> Bousquet then became an activist in the [[Neo-fascism|neo-fascist]] movement [[Jeune Nation]] led by [[Pierre Sidos]] in the late 1950s.{{sfn|Camus|Lebourg|2017|p=30}} |
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| ⚫ | A member of the [[Pan-European nationalism|euro-nationalist]] magazine ''[[Europe-Action]]'', he replaced [[Dominique Venner]] as the president of the [[European Rally for Liberty]] following its failure in the [[1967 French legislative election|1967 legislative election]], along with another former Waffen-SS named Pierre Clémenti.{{sfn|Shields|2007|pp=137–139}} This takeover, along with the relations maintained with the German neo-Nazi [[National Democratic Party of Germany|NPD]] and seminars held on ''[[Mein Kampf]]'', triggered a wave of resignations.{{sfn|Camus|Lebourg|2017|pp=132–133}} In March 1968, an extraordinary session of the REL's national council excluded Bousquet and Venner from the movement.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Dard|first=Olivier|title=L'Anticommuniste des Héritiers de Jeune Nation|date=2000|publisher=L'Âge d'Homme|journal=Communisme|isbn=9782825114858|series=Aspects de l'anticommunisme|language=fr|volume=62/63|pages=139, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ow7_ZE0HS4wC&pg=PA142 142]}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | Bousquet created the nationalist magazine ''[[Militant (magazine)|Militant]]'' with Pierre Pauty in December 1967''.''<ref>{{Cite book| |
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=== 1970–1980s === |
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| ⚫ | Bousquet created the nationalist magazine ''[[Militant (magazine)|Militant]]'' with Pierre Pauty in December 1967''.''<ref>{{Cite book|last=Leclercq|first=Jacques|title=(Nos) Néo-nazis et ultras-droites|date=2015|publisher=Editions L'Harmattan|isbn=9782336381848|pages= [https://books.google.com/books?id=och1CQAAQBAJ&pg=PA54 54]|no-pp=y|language=fr}}</ref>{{sfn|Camus|Lebourg|2017|p=133}} He participated in the founding of the [[National Rally (France)|National Front]] (FN) in 1972 and was its first treasurer. Bousquet left the party in 1980, dismissing the FN as pro-[[Zionism|Zionist]] since the assassination of [[François Duprat]] in 1978. He launched in 1983 the [[French Nationalist Party]] along with former Waffen-SS Jean Castrillo.<ref name=":2" />{{sfn|Camus|Lebourg|2017|p=106}} |
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=== Later life and death === |
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| ⚫ | Bousquet died in 1991. FN founding members [[Roger Holeindre]] and [[Roland Gaucher]] were present at his funeral.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nouvelobs.com/politique/l-observateur-du-lepenisme/20120412.OBS6038/front-national-francois-brigneau-un-mort-encombrant.html |
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| ⚫ | He declared in 1986 that he did not see his past in the Waffen-SS as a "youthful mistake", but condemned gas chambers and Nazi torture in an equivocal manner: "assuming–and I mean assuming–that there were gas chambers and torture, I condemn them." He added that he kept on advocating a "white Europe, from [[Brest, France|Brest]] to [[Vladivostok]]".<ref name=":5" /> |
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| ⚫ | Bousquet died in 1991. FN founding members [[Roger Holeindre]] and [[Roland Gaucher]] were present at his funeral.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Lebourg|first=Nicolas|author-link=Nicolas Lebourg|date=12 April 2012|title=Front national : François Brigneau, un mort encombrant|work=L'Obs|url=https://www.nouvelobs.com/politique/l-observateur-du-lepenisme/20120412.OBS6038/front-national-francois-brigneau-un-mort-encombrant.html}}</ref> He was a [[Modern Paganism|neo-pagan]].<ref name=":5" /> |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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=== Bibliography === |
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{{refbegin|indent=yes}} |
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* {{Cite book|title=Far-Right Politics in Europe|last1=Camus|first1=Jean-Yves|last2=Lebourg|first2=Nicolas|date=2017|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-97153-0|language=en|author-link=Jean-Yves Camus|author-link2=Nicolas Lebourg}} |
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* {{Cite book|last=D'Appollonia|first=Ariane Chebel|title=L'extrême-droite en France: De Maurras à Le Pen|date=1998|publisher=Éditions Complexe|isbn=978-2-87027-764-5|language=fr}} |
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* {{Cite book|last=Shields|first=James|title=The Extreme Right in France: From Pétain to Le Pen|date=2007|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-86111-8}} |
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{{refend}} |
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{{French far right}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:1919 births]] |
[[Category:1919 births]] |
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[[Category:1991 deaths]] |
[[Category:1991 deaths]] |
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[[Category:National Rally |
[[Category:National Rally politicians]] |
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[[Category:French nationalists]] |
[[Category:French nationalists]] |
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[[Category:French |
[[Category:French modern pagans]] |
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[[Category:French male journalists]] |
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[[Category:20th-century French journalists]] |
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[[Category:French Waffen-SS personnel]] |
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Latest revision as of 20:14, 25 August 2024
Pierre Bousquet | |
|---|---|
| Born | November 1919 Tours, France |
| Died | 27 August 1991 (aged 71) Paris, France |
| Occupation | Journalist |
| Political party | National Front (1972–1980) French Nationalist Party (1983–1991) |
Pierre Bousquet (French: [pjɛʁ buskɛ]; November 1919 – 27 August 1991) was a French journalist and far-right politician. A former section leader (Rottenführer) in the Waffen-SS Charlemagne Division, Bousquet was the first treasurer and a founding member of the National Front in 1972.
Biography
[edit]Early life and WWII
[edit]Pierre Bousquet was born in November 1919 in Tours.[1] He became a member of the youth movement of the Mouvement Franciste in 1936.[2][3] In 1941 Marcel Bucard appointed him director of the commanding office of Jeunesse française.[2] On 25 August 1943, Bousquet joined the Waffen-SS in Alsace and ended up with the rank of Rottenführer in the Charlemagne Division.[4]
1950–1960s
[edit]After the liberation of France in August 1944, he managed to convince the American troops that he had been a forced member of the Service du travail obligatoire, and was designated to be in charge of organizing the arrest and the return to France of former collaborationists. Back in Paris in 1946, he tried to infiltrate anti-communist movements with a group of former Waffen-SS in order to maneuver them.[5] Bousquet then became an activist in the neo-fascist movement Jeune Nation led by Pierre Sidos in the late 1950s.[6]
A member of the euro-nationalist magazine Europe-Action, he replaced Dominique Venner as the president of the European Rally for Liberty following its failure in the 1967 legislative election, along with another former Waffen-SS named Pierre Clémenti.[7] This takeover, along with the relations maintained with the German neo-Nazi NPD and seminars held on Mein Kampf, triggered a wave of resignations.[8] In March 1968, an extraordinary session of the REL's national council excluded Bousquet and Venner from the movement.[9]
1970–1980s
[edit]Bousquet created the nationalist magazine Militant with Pierre Pauty in December 1967.[10][11] He participated in the founding of the National Front (FN) in 1972 and was its first treasurer. Bousquet left the party in 1980, dismissing the FN as pro-Zionist since the assassination of François Duprat in 1978. He launched in 1983 the French Nationalist Party along with former Waffen-SS Jean Castrillo.[5][12]
Later life and death
[edit]He declared in 1986 that he did not see his past in the Waffen-SS as a "youthful mistake", but condemned gas chambers and Nazi torture in an equivocal manner: "assuming–and I mean assuming–that there were gas chambers and torture, I condemn them." He added that he kept on advocating a "white Europe, from Brest to Vladivostok".[1]
Bousquet died in 1991. FN founding members Roger Holeindre and Roland Gaucher were present at his funeral.[13] He was a neo-pagan.[1]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c B. T. (24 June 1986). "'Jean-Marie Le Pen est un réformiste qui se trompe car la démocratie n'est pas amendable...'". Le Monde (in French).
- ^ a b D'Appollonia 1998, p. 472.
- ^ Taguieff, Pierre André (1994). Sur la Nouvelle Droite: jalons d'une analyse critique (in French). Descartes et Cie. p. 161. ISBN 9782910301026.
- ^ Schneider, C. L. (2018). "Police Abuse and the Racialized Boundaries". In Bonner, Michelle D.; Seri, Guillermina; Kubal, Mary Rose; Kempa, Michael (eds.). Police Abuse in Contemporary Democracies. Springer. p. 40. ISBN 978-3-319-72883-4.
- ^ a b Lebourg, Nicolas (8 May 2014). "Les anciens SS ont reconstruit l'extrême droite française après 1945". Slate (in French).
- ^ Camus & Lebourg 2017, p. 30.
- ^ Shields 2007, pp. 137–139.
- ^ Camus & Lebourg 2017, pp. 132–133.
- ^ Dard, Olivier (2000). "L'Anticommuniste des Héritiers de Jeune Nation". Communisme. Aspects de l'anticommunisme (in French). 62/63. L'Âge d'Homme: 139, 142. ISBN 9782825114858.
- ^ Leclercq, Jacques (2015). (Nos) Néo-nazis et ultras-droites (in French). Editions L'Harmattan. 54. ISBN 9782336381848.
- ^ Camus & Lebourg 2017, p. 133.
- ^ Camus & Lebourg 2017, p. 106.
- ^ Lebourg, Nicolas (12 April 2012). "Front national : François Brigneau, un mort encombrant". L'Obs.
Bibliography
[edit]- Camus, Jean-Yves; Lebourg, Nicolas (2017). Far-Right Politics in Europe. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-97153-0.
- D'Appollonia, Ariane Chebel (1998). L'extrême-droite en France: De Maurras à Le Pen (in French). Éditions Complexe. ISBN 978-2-87027-764-5.
- Shields, James (2007). The Extreme Right in France: From Pétain to Le Pen. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-86111-8.