Jump to content

Timeline of Guangzhou: Difference between revisions

Add links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
PBS (talk | contribs)
Autopatrolled
116,854 edits
clean up, replaced: Dynasty → dynasty, typo(s) fixed: June 23, 1925 → June 23, 1925,
 
(28 intermediate revisions by 21 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{short description|Listing of notable events in Guangzhou's history}}
The following is a timeline of the [[Guangzhou#History|history]] of the [[China|Chinese]] city of [[Guangzhou]], also formerly known as Panyu,{{citation needed|date=June 2016}} Canton, and Kwang-chow.{{sfnp|''EB''|1878|p=37}}{{sfnp|''EB''|1911|p=218}}
The following is a timeline of the [[Guangzhou#History|history]] of the [[China|Chinese]] city of [[Guangzhou]], also formerly known as Panyu,{{citation needed|date=June 2016}} Canton, and Kwang-chow.{{sfnp|''EB''|1878|p=37}}{{sfnp|''EB''|1911|p=218}}


Line 5: Line 6:


==Nanyue==
==Nanyue==
{{Expand section|date=March 2013}}
{{History of China|BC=1}}
{{History of China|BC=1}}
* 214 BCE – [[Panyu]] established as a [[Qin Empire|Qin]] base during [[Zhao Tuo]]'s [[Qin conquest of Guangdong|first failed invasion]] of the southern lands of the [[Baiyue]]
* 214 BCE – [[Panyu]] established as a [[Qin Empire|Qin]] base during [[Zhao Tuo]]'s [[Qin conquest of Guangdong|first failed invasion]] of the southern lands of the [[Baiyue]]
Line 11: Line 11:


==Imperial China==
==Imperial China==

{{Expand section|date=March 2013}}
* 111 BCE – Panyu becomes a provincial capital of the [[Han Dynasty]] after the [[Han–Nanyue War]] as the [[Southward expansion of the Han Dynasty|Han expands southward]].
* 111 BCE – Panyu becomes a provincial capital of the [[Han dynasty]] after the [[Han–Nanyue War]] as the [[Southward expansion of the Han dynasty|Han expands southward]].
* 226 CE – Panyu becomes the seat of Guang Prefecture ("Guangzhou").
* 226 CE – Panyu becomes the seat of Guang Prefecture ("Guangzhou").
* 401 – [[Guangxiao Temple (Guangzhou)|Guangxiao Temple]] first established as the "Baoen Guangziao" Temple.{{sfnp|''IDHP''|1996}}
* 401 – [[Guangxiao Temple (Guangzhou)|Guangxiao Temple]] first established as the "Baoen Guangziao" Temple.{{sfnp|''IDHP''|1996}}
* 537 – [[Temple of the Six Banyan Trees]] built.
* 537 – [[Temple of the Six Banyan Trees]] built.
* 878–879 — [[Guangzhou massacre]] instigated by forces loyal to [[Huang Chao]]
* 1350 – [[Huaisheng Mosque]] rebuilt.<ref name=archnet>{{cite web |url= http://archnet.org/library/places/one-place.jsp?place_id=8923 |title= Guangzhou |author=ArchNet.org |publisher=MIT School of Architecture and Planning |location= USA |accessdate=14 March 2013 }}</ref>
* 1350 – [[Huaisheng Mosque]] rebuilt.<ref name=archnet>{{cite web |url= http://archnet.org/library/places/one-place.jsp?place_id=8923 |title= Guangzhou |author= ArchNet.org |publisher= MIT School of Architecture and Planning |location= USA |accessdate= 14 March 2013 |url-status= dead |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20121007005023/http://archnet.org/library/places/one-place.jsp?place_id=8923 |archivedate= 7 October 2012 }}</ref>
* 1380 – [[Zhenhai Tower (Guangzhou)|Zhenhai Tower]] built.{{citation needed|date=March 2013}}
* 1380 – [[Zhenhai Tower (Guangzhou)|Zhenhai Tower]] built.{{citation needed|date=March 2013}}
* 1516 – Portuguese merchants arrive.{{sfnp|Szczesniak|1956}}
* 1516 – Portuguese merchants arrive.{{sfnp|Szczesniak|1956}}
Line 26: Line 27:
* 1821 – Xigutang literary society formed.{{sfnp|Hiromasa|1986}}
* 1821 – Xigutang literary society formed.{{sfnp|Hiromasa|1986}}
* 1822 - Fire.{{sfnp|''Chronologies''|1990|loc=[https://archive.org/stream/newyorkpubliclib00wett#page/510/mode/1up "Fires"]}}
* 1822 - Fire.{{sfnp|''Chronologies''|1990|loc=[https://archive.org/stream/newyorkpubliclib00wett#page/510/mode/1up "Fires"]}}
* 1827 – The ''Canton Register'', an English-language newspaper, begins publication.<ref name=worldcat /><ref>{{citation |title=Canton Register, ''Vol. VIII'' |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fQrmAAAAMAAJ |date=1835 }}</ref>
* 1827 – The ''Canton Register'', an English-language newspaper, begins publication.<ref name=worldcat /><ref>{{citation |title=Canton Register, ''Vol. VIII'' |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fQrmAAAAMAAJ |date=1835 |last1 = Slade|first1 = John}}</ref>
* 1832 – [[Jardine Matheson|Jardine, Matheson and Co.]] in business.
* 1832 – [[Jardine Matheson|Jardine, Matheson and Co.]] in business.
* 1834 – [[William Shepard Wetmore|Wetmore & Co.]] in business.{{sfnp|Farris|2007}}
* 1834 – [[William Shepard Wetmore|Wetmore & Co.]] in business.{{sfnp|Farris|2007}}
Line 51: Line 52:
** [[Bubonic plague|Plague]] ([[Third plague pandemic|3rd Pandemic]]).
** [[Bubonic plague|Plague]] ([[Third plague pandemic|3rd Pandemic]]).
** [[Chen Clan Academy]] built.
** [[Chen Clan Academy]] built.
* 1895 – [[Xinhai Revolution#First Guangzhou Uprising|First Guangzhou uprising]]
* 1908 – [[Guangzhou North Railway Station]] opens.
* 1908 – [[Guangzhou North Railway Station]] opens.
* 1911 – [[Kowloon–Canton Railway]] begins operating.
* 1911
** [[Kowloon–Canton Railway]] begins operating.
** [[Second Guangzhou Uprising]]


==Republic of China==
==Republic of China==
* The [[Shakee Massacre]] on June 23, 1925, resulted in over two hundred casualties due to gunfire by British, French and Portuguese forces in [[Shaji, Guangzhou|Shaji]] (called Shake in [[Cantonese]])
{{Expand section|date=March 2013}}
* 1918 – Urban council established.{{citation needed|date=March 2013}}
* 1918 – Urban council established.{{citation needed|date=March 2013}}
* 1923
* 1923
** June: [[National Congress of the Communist Party of China]] held in Guangzhou.{{sfnp|''Dictionary of the CCP''|2012|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=g0PjFe5i0iEC&pg=PR15 15]}}
** June: [[National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party]] held in Guangzhou.{{sfnp|''Dictionary of the CCP''|2012|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=g0PjFe5i0iEC&pg=PR15 15]}}
** [[Kuomintang]] in power.{{sfnp|Paulès|2009}}
** [[Kuomintang]] in power.{{sfnp|Paulès|2009}}
* 1924
* 1924
Line 80: Line 84:


==People's Republic of China==
==People's Republic of China==

{{Expand section|date=March 2013}}
* 1949
* 1949
** October: Communist forces enter city.
** October: Communist forces enter city.
Line 93: Line 97:
** [[Canton Fair]] begins.
** [[Canton Fair]] begins.
** [[Guangzhou Symphony Orchestra]] founded.
** [[Guangzhou Symphony Orchestra]] founded.
** Population: 1,840,000.<ref>{{cite book |chapter-url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1970_round.htm |title=Demographic Yearbook 1975 |year=1976 |author=[[United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs]], Statistical Office |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=253–279 |quote=Canton }}</ref>
* 1958
* 1958
** [[Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts]] in operation.
** [[Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts]] in operation.
Line 100: Line 105:
* 1967 – [[Renmin Bridge]] built.
* 1967 – [[Renmin Bridge]] built.
* 1981 - [[Sister city]] relationship established with [[Los Angeles]], USA.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://sistercities.lacity.org/ | title=Sister Cities of Los Angeles | publisher=City of Los Angeles | accessdate= 30 December 2015 }}</ref>
* 1981 - [[Sister city]] relationship established with [[Los Angeles]], USA.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://sistercities.lacity.org/ | title=Sister Cities of Los Angeles | publisher=City of Los Angeles | accessdate= 30 December 2015 }}</ref>
* 1982
* 1982 – [[Guangzhou Library]] and Liyuan Poetry Society established.{{sfnp|Lam|2007}}
** [[Guangzhou Library]] and Liyuan Poetry Society established.{{sfnp|Lam|2007}}
** Population: 3,181,510 city; 5,669,640 urban agglomeration.<ref>{{cite book |chapter-url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1980_round.htm |title=1985 Demographic Yearbook |year=1987 |author=[[United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs]], Statistical Office |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=247–289 }}</ref>
* 1983 – [[Museum of the Mausoleum of the Nanyue King|Mausoleum of the Nanyue King]] discovered.<ref name=planet>{{citation |contribution-url=http://www.lonelyplanet.com/china/guangdong/guangzhou |contribution=Guangzhou |title=China |publisher=[[Lonely Planet]] |accessdate=14 March 2013 }}</ref>
* 1983 – [[Museum of the Mausoleum of the Nanyue King|Mausoleum of the Nanyue King]] discovered.<ref name=planet>{{citation |contribution-url=http://www.lonelyplanet.com/china/guangdong/guangzhou |contribution=Guangzhou |title=China |publisher=[[Lonely Planet]] |accessdate=14 March 2013 }}</ref>
* 1984
* 1984
Line 120: Line 127:
** November: [[1991 FIFA Women's World Cup]] held.
** November: [[1991 FIFA Women's World Cup]] held.
* 1992 – Guangzhou Free Trade Zone established.{{sfnp|UN|2005}}
* 1992 – Guangzhou Free Trade Zone established.{{sfnp|UN|2005}}
* 1996 – [[Guangzhou East Railway Station]] opens.
* 1996 – [[Guangzhou East railway station]] opens.
* 1997
* 1997
** [[Guangzhou Metro]] begins operating.
** [[Guangzhou Metro]] begins operating.
Line 156: Line 163:
** [[Chen Jianhua]] becomes mayor.
** [[Chen Jianhua]] becomes mayor.
* 2012 – [[Leatop Plaza]] and [[The Pinnacle (Guangzhou)|The Pinnacle]] built.
* 2012 – [[Leatop Plaza]] and [[The Pinnacle (Guangzhou)|The Pinnacle]] built.
* 2013 - [[Air pollution]] in Guangzhou reaches annual mean of 48 [[PM2.5]] and 72 [[PM10]], more than [[Air quality guideline|recommended]].<ref>{{citation |author=[[World Health Organization]] |location=Geneva |title=Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database |year=2016 |url=http://www.who.int/phe/health_topics/outdoorair/databases/cities/en/ }}</ref>
* 2013 - [[Air pollution]] in Guangzhou reaches annual mean of 48 [[PM2.5]] and 72 [[PM10]], more than [[Air quality guideline|recommended]].<ref>{{citation |author=World Health Organization |location=Geneva |title=Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database |year=2016 |url=https://www.who.int/phe/health_topics/outdoorair/databases/cities/en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328100014/http://www.who.int/phe/health_topics/outdoorair/databases/cities/en/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 28, 2014 |author-link=World Health Organization }}</ref>
* 2021 - [[2021 Guangzhou bombing]].


==See also==
==See also==
Line 168: Line 176:
* [[Eight Sights of Guangzhou]]
* [[Eight Sights of Guangzhou]]
* [[Major National Historical and Cultural Sites (Guangdong)]] in Guangzhou
* [[Major National Historical and Cultural Sites (Guangdong)]] in Guangzhou
* [[Southward expansion of the Han Dynasty]]
* [[Southward expansion of the Han dynasty]]
* [[List of Asian city names in different languages#G|Other names of Guangzhou]]
* [[List of Asian city names in different languages#G|Other names of Guangzhou]]
* [[Urbanization in China]]
* [[Urbanization in China]]
Line 180: Line 188:
* {{citation |title=Columbia Chronologies of Asian History & Culture |editor=John Stewart Bowman |publisher=Columbia University Press |year= 2000 |ref={{harvid|''CCAHC''|2000}} }}.
* {{citation |title=Columbia Chronologies of Asian History & Culture |editor=John Stewart Bowman |publisher=Columbia University Press |year= 2000 |ref={{harvid|''CCAHC''|2000}} }}.
* {{cite EB9 |mode=cs2 |authorlink=Robert Kennaway Douglas |first=Robert Kennaway |last=Douglas |wstitle=Canton |volume=5 |ref={{harvid|''EB''|1878}} |pages=37–39 }}
* {{cite EB9 |mode=cs2 |authorlink=Robert Kennaway Douglas |first=Robert Kennaway |last=Douglas |wstitle=Canton |volume=5 |ref={{harvid|''EB''|1878}} |pages=37–39 }}
* {{cite EB1911 |mode=cs2 |authorlink=Robert Kennaway Douglas |first=Robert Kennaway |last=Douglas |wstitle=Canton |volume=5 |ref={{harvid|''EB''|1911}} |pages=218–220 }}.
* {{cite EB1911 |mode=cs2 |authorlink=Robert Kennaway Douglas |first=Robert Kennaway |last=Douglas |wstitle=Canton (China) |display=Canton |volume=5 |ref={{harvid|''EB''|1911}} |pages=218–220 }}.
* {{citation |first=Lawrence R. |last=Sullivan |title=Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Communist Party |year=2012 |publisher=[[Scarecrow Press]] |isbn=978-0-8108-7225-7 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=g0PjFe5i0iEC |ref={{harvid|''Dictionary of the CCP''|2012}} }}.
* {{citation |first=Lawrence R. |last=Sullivan |title=Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Communist Party |year=2012 |publisher=[[Scarecrow Press]] |isbn=978-0-8108-7225-7 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=g0PjFe5i0iEC |ref={{harvid|''Dictionary of the CCP''|2012}} }}.
* {{Citation |publisher = Routledge |isbn = 9781884964046 |title = International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania |publication-date = 1996 |editor=Schellinger |editor2=Salkin |ref={{harvid|''IDHP''|1996}} }}
* {{Citation |publisher = Routledge |isbn = 9781884964046 |title = International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania |date = 1996 |editor=Schellinger |editor2=Salkin |ref={{harvid|''IDHP''|1996}} }}
* {{Citation |publisher = Prentice Hall |location= New York |title = New York Public Library Book of Chronologies |first=Bruce |last=Wetterau |publication-date = 1990 |ol=1885709M |url=https://archive.org/stream/newyorkpubliclib00wett |ref={{harvid|''Chronologies''|1990}} }}.
* {{Citation |publisher = Prentice Hall |location= New York |title = New York Public Library Book of Chronologies |first=Bruce |last=Wetterau |date = 1990 |ol=1885709M |url=https://archive.org/stream/newyorkpubliclib00wett |ref={{harvid|''Chronologies''|1990}} }}.
* {{citation |ref={{harvid|''Webster's''|1960}} |publisher = G. & C. Merriam Co. |ol=5812502M |publication-place = [[Springfield, Massachusetts|Springfield]] |title = Webster's Geographical Dictionary |url=http://openlibrary.org/books/OL5812502M/Webster's_geographical_dictionary |date = 1960 }}.
* {{citation |ref={{harvid|''Webster's''|1960}} |publisher = G. & C. Merriam Co. |ol=5812502M |location = [[Springfield, Massachusetts|Springfield]] |title = Webster's Geographical Dictionary |date = 1960 }}.
<!--secondary sources-->
<!--secondary sources-->
* {{citation |contribution=Narrativizing Revolution: The Guangzhou Uprising (11-13 December 1927) in Workers' Perspective |first= Arif |last=Dirlik |title= Modern China |volume= Vol. 23 |year= 1997 }}
* {{citation |contribution=Narrativizing Revolution: The Guangzhou Uprising (11-13 December 1927) in Workers' Perspective |first= Arif |last=Dirlik |title= Modern China |volume= 23 |year= 1997 }}
* {{citation |last=Farris |first=Jonathan A. |contribution=Thirteen Factories of Canton: An Architecture of Sino-Western Collaboration and Confrontation |title=Buildings & Landscapes |volume=Vol. 14 |year=2007 }}
* {{citation |last=Farris |first=Jonathan A. |contribution=Thirteen Factories of Canton: An Architecture of Sino-Western Collaboration and Confrontation |title=Buildings & Landscapes |volume=14 |year=2007 }}
* {{citation |last=Hiromasa |first=Inoue |contribution=Wu Lanxiu and Society in Guangzhou on the Eve of the Opium War |title= Modern China |volume= Vol. 12 |year= 1986 }}
* {{citation |last=Hiromasa |first=Inoue |contribution=Wu Lanxiu and Society in Guangzhou on the Eve of the Opium War |title= Modern China |volume= 12 |year= 1986 }}
* {{citation |last=Keswick |first=Maggie |publisher = Frances Lincoln Publishers |isbn = 9780711220317 |title = The Chinese Garden |date= 2003 }}
* {{citation |last=Keswick |first=Maggie |publisher = Frances Lincoln Publishers |isbn = 9780711220317 |title = The Chinese Garden |date= 2003 }}
* {{citation |contribution=The Revival of Classical-Style Poetry Writing: A Field Study of Poetry Societies in Guangzhou |first=Lap |last=Lam |author-mask=Lam Lap |title=Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews |volume=Vol. 29 |year= 2007 }}
* {{citation |contribution=The Revival of Classical-Style Poetry Writing: A Field Study of Poetry Societies in Guangzhou |first=Lap |last=Lam |author-mask=Lam Lap |title=Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews |volume=29 |year= 2007 }}
* {{citation |contribution=Land Use Changes and City Planning in Shenyang and Canton |last=Lo |first=Chor-Pang |author-mask=Lo Chor-Pang |last2=Pannell |first2=Clifton W. |last3=Welch |first3=Roy |title=Geographical Review |volume=Vol. 67 |date=1977 |ref={{harvid|Lo & al.|1977}} }}.
* {{citation |contribution=Land Use Changes and City Planning in Shenyang and Canton |last=Lo |first=Chor-Pang |author-mask=Lo Chor-Pang |last2=Pannell |first2=Clifton W. |last3=Welch |first3=Roy |title=Geographical Review |volume=67 |date=1977 |ref={{harvid|Lo & al.|1977}} }}.
* {{citation |contribution=Opium in the City: A Spatial Study of Guangzhou's Opium Houses, 1923–1936 |first= Xavier |last=Paulès |title= Modern China |volume=Vol. 35 |year= 2009 }}
* {{citation |contribution=Opium in the City: A Spatial Study of Guangzhou's Opium Houses, 1923–1936 |first= Xavier |last=Paulès |title= Modern China |volume=35 |year= 2009 }}
* {{Citation |last=Szczesniak |first=Boleslaw |contribution=Pictorials of Contempt: A Note on the British in Mid-19th Century Canton |title=Monumenta Serica |volume=Vol. 15 |year=1956 }}
* {{Citation |last=Szczesniak |first=Boleslaw |contribution=Pictorials of Contempt: A Note on the British in Mid-19th Century Canton |title=Monumenta Serica |volume=15 |year=1956 }}
* {{Citation |author=United Nations |title=Free Trade Zone and Port Hinterland Development |publisher=United Nations Publications |year=2005 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=waEUu-A6RfwC |ref={{harvid|UN|2005}} }}.
* {{Citation |author=United Nations |title=Free Trade Zone and Port Hinterland Development |publisher=United Nations Publications |year=2005 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=waEUu-A6RfwC |ref={{harvid|UN|2005}} |isbn=9789211204346 }}.


'''Attribution'''
'''Attribution'''
Line 201: Line 209:
==External links==
==External links==
{{commons category|Guangzhou}}
{{commons category|Guangzhou}}
* Items related to [http://www.europeana.eu/portal/search.html?query=guangzhou&rows=96 Guangzhou] and [http://www.europeana.eu/portal/search.html?query=canton+china&rows=96 Canton], various dates (via [[Europeana]]).
* Items related to [https://www.europeana.eu/portal/search.html?query=guangzhou&rows=96 Guangzhou] and [https://www.europeana.eu/portal/search.html?query=canton+china&rows=96 Canton], various dates (via [[Europeana]]).
* {{cite web |url=http://collections.vam.ac.uk/place/guangzhou-china-x32464/587/ |publisher=Victoria and Albert Museum |location=London |title=(Works related to Guangzhou) |work=V&A Collections }}
* {{cite web |url=https://collections.vam.ac.uk/place/guangzhou-china-x32464/587/ |publisher=Victoria and Albert Museum |location=London |title=(Works related to Guangzhou) |work=V&A Collections }}
* Items related to [http://dp.la/search?utf8=✓&page_size=100&q=guangzhou Guangzhou] and [http://dp.la/search?page_size=100&q=canton+china&utf8=✓ Canton, China], various dates (via [[Digital Public Library of America]]).
* Items related to [http://dp.la/search?utf8=✓&page_size=100&q=guangzhou Guangzhou] and [http://dp.la/search?page_size=100&q=canton+china&utf8=✓ Canton, China], various dates (via [[Digital Public Library of America]]).


{{Guangzhou}}
{{Guangzhou}}
{{Years in China}}
{{Years in China}}
{{coord|23.133333|113.266667|type:city|display=title}}


[[Category:Timelines of cities in China|guangzhou]]
[[Category:Timelines of cities in China|guangzhou]]
[[Category:Guangzhou|*]]
[[Category:History of Guangzhou|*]]
[[Category:Histories of cities in China|Guangzhou]]
[[Category:China history-related lists|guangzhou]]
[[Category:China history-related lists|guangzhou]]
[[Category:Megacity timelines|guangzhou]]

Latest revision as of 17:06, 2 September 2024

The following is a timeline of the history of the Chinese city of Guangzhou, also formerly known as Panyu,[citation needed] Canton, and Kwang-chow.[1][2]

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Nanyue

[edit]
Part of a series on the
History of China
History of China in Chinese characters and seal script
Prehistoric
Yellow, Yangtze, and Liao civilization
Ancient
  • Xia (c. 2070 – c. 1600 BC)
  • Shang (c. 1600 – c. 1046 BC)
Late Shang (c. 1250 – c. 1046 BC)
  • Zhou (c. 1046 – c. 256 BC)
Western Zhou (1046–771 BC)
Eastern Zhou (771–256 BC)
Spring and Autumn (c. 770 – c. 476 BC)
Warring States (475–221 BC)
Imperial
  • Qin (221–207 BC)
  • Han (206 BC – 220 AD)
Chu–Han Contention (206–202 BC)
Western Han (202 BC – 9 AD)
Xin (9–23 AD)
Eastern Han (25–220 AD)
Wei, Shu, and Wu
  • Jin (266–420)
   
Western Jin (266–316)
Eastern Jin (317–420)
  • Sui (581–618)
   
Northern Song (960–1127)
Southern Song (1127–1279)
Modern
   
Related articles

Imperial China

[edit]
View of Canton with merchant ship of the Dutch East India Company, c. 1665
Painting of the Thirteen Factories c. 1820, with flags of Denmark, Spain, the U.S., Sweden, Britain, and the Netherlands

Republic of China

[edit]

People's Republic of China

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ EB (1878), p. 37.
  2. ^ EB (1911), p. 218.
  3. ^ IDHP (1996).
  4. ^ ArchNet.org. "Guangzhou". USA: MIT School of Architecture and Planning. Archived from the original on 7 October 2012. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
  5. ^ Szczesniak (1956).
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Webster's (1960).
  7. ^ Hiromasa (1986).
  8. ^ Chronologies (1990), "Fires".
  9. ^ a b "Guangzhou Newspapers", WorldCat, Online Computer Library Center, retrieved 14 March 2013
  10. ^ Slade, John (1835), Canton Register, Vol. VIII
  11. ^ a b c Farris (2007).
  12. ^ Keswick (2003).
  13. ^ a b Lo & al. (1977).
  14. ^ Dictionary of the CCP (2012), p. 15.
  15. ^ Paulès (2009).
  16. ^ Dirlik (1997).
  17. ^ CCAHC (2000).
  18. ^ "Garden Search: China". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
  19. ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279. Canton{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  20. ^ "部分年份城乡人口分布", 广东省志：人口志 (in Chinese), Local Records Office of Guangdong, retrieved 4 August 2011
  21. ^ "Sister Cities of Los Angeles". City of Los Angeles. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
  22. ^ Lam (2007).
  23. ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  24. ^ "Guangzhou", China, Lonely Planet, retrieved 14 March 2013
  25. ^ Kristof, Nicholas (3 May 1992), "Guangzhou: Let a Thousand Lipsticks Bloom", New York Times
  26. ^ a b 广州市商业网点发展规划主报告（2003—2012） (PDF), Beijing: Department of Market System Development, Chinese Ministry of Commerce, retrieved 4 August 2011
  27. ^ UN (2005).
  28. ^ "China". Art Spaces Directory. New York: New Museum. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
  29. ^ Komanoff, Charles (15 March 2010), "Postcard From a Guangzhou Traffic Jam", New York Times
  30. ^ World Health Organization (2016), Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database, Geneva, archived from the original on March 28, 2014{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

References

[edit]
See also: Bibliography of Guangzhou
  • John Stewart Bowman, ed. (2000), Columbia Chronologies of Asian History & Culture, Columbia University Press.
  • Douglas, Robert Kennaway (1878), "Canton" , in Baynes, T. S. (ed.), Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 5 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, pp. 37–39
  • Douglas, Robert Kennaway (1911), "Canton" , in Chisholm, Hugh (ed.), Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 5 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, pp. 218–220.
  • Sullivan, Lawrence R. (2012), Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Communist Party, Scarecrow Press, ISBN 978-0-8108-7225-7.
  • Schellinger; Salkin, eds. (1996), International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania, Routledge, ISBN 9781884964046
  • Wetterau, Bruce (1990), New York Public Library Book of Chronologies, New York: Prentice Hall, OL 1885709M.
  • Webster's Geographical Dictionary, Springfield: G. & C. Merriam Co., 1960, OL 5812502M.
  • Dirlik, Arif (1997), "Narrativizing Revolution: The Guangzhou Uprising (11-13 December 1927) in Workers' Perspective", Modern China, vol. 23
  • Farris, Jonathan A. (2007), "Thirteen Factories of Canton: An Architecture of Sino-Western Collaboration and Confrontation", Buildings & Landscapes, vol. 14
  • Hiromasa, Inoue (1986), "Wu Lanxiu and Society in Guangzhou on the Eve of the Opium War", Modern China, vol. 12
  • Keswick, Maggie (2003), The Chinese Garden, Frances Lincoln Publishers, ISBN 9780711220317
  • Lam Lap (2007), "The Revival of Classical-Style Poetry Writing: A Field Study of Poetry Societies in Guangzhou", Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews, vol. 29
  • Lo Chor-Pang Pannell, Clifton W.; Welch, Roy (1977), "Land Use Changes and City Planning in Shenyang and Canton", Geographical Review, vol. 67.
  • Paulès, Xavier (2009), "Opium in the City: A Spatial Study of Guangzhou's Opium Houses, 1923–1936", Modern China, vol. 35
  • Szczesniak, Boleslaw (1956), "Pictorials of Contempt: A Note on the British in Mid-19th Century Canton", Monumenta Serica, vol. 15
  • United Nations (2005), Free Trade Zone and Port Hinterland Development, United Nations Publications, ISBN 9789211204346.

Attribution This article incorporates information from the Chinese Wikipedia, Dutch Wikipedia, and the Japanese Wikipedia.

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Guangzhou.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_Guangzhou&oldid=1243643973"