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{{About|the American opinion pollster|English football player|Louis Harris (footballer)}}
{{short description|American journalist}}
{{About|the American opinion pollster|the English football player|Louis Harris (footballer)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2024}} {{Use American English|date=February 2024}}
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'''Louis Harris''' (born January 6, 1921) is an American [[opinion polling]] entrepreneur, [[journalist]], and author. He ran one of the best-known polling organizations of his time, Louis Harris and Associates, which conducted the Harris Poll.
{{Infobox person
| image = Louis Harris - Nixon Contact Sheet WHPO-7500 (cropped).jpg
⚫
| alt =
| caption = Harris in the [[White House]] in 1971
| birth_name = <!-- only use if different from name -->
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1921|01|21}}
| birth_place = [[New Haven, Connecticut]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2016|12|17|1921|01|21}}
| death_place = [[Key West, Florida]]
| nationality = American
| other_names =
| occupation = Public opinion analyst, journalist, author
| education = [[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill]]
| years_active = 1946–2016
| known_for = [[The Harris Poll]]
| notable_works =
| spouse = Florence Yard
| partner = <!-- (unmarried long-term partner) -->
| children = Peter, Richard and Susan Yard Harris
⚫
}}


⚫
'''Louis Harris''' (January 6, 1921 &ndash; December 17, 2016) was an American [[opinion polling]] entrepreneur, [[journalist]], and author. He ran one of the best-known polling organizations of his time, Louis Harris and Associates, which conducted [[The Harris Poll]]. He followed [[Elmo Roper]] and [[George Gallup]] in using and improving the art and the techniques of opinion polling.
==Life and career==
⚫
Harris was born and raised in [[New Haven, Connecticut]]. He attended [[Hillhouse High School|New Haven High School]] and the [[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill]], where he graduated in 1942.<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/255920/Louis-Harris Louis Harris], ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online'', accessed September 26, 2010</ref>


==Early life==
⚫
Harris began working in the field of public opinion and marketing research in 1947, when he joined the [[Elmo Roper]] firm as Roper's assistant. In 1956 Harris left Roper's business and started his own firm, Harris and Associates, Inc.<ref name=InteractiveHeritage>[http://www.harrisinteractive.com/AboutUs/Heritage.aspx Our Heritage], Harris Interactive, accessed September 26, 2010</ref><ref name=Booknotes/>
⚫
Harris was born on January 6, 1921, in New Haven, one of three children of Harry Harris, a real estate developer, and the former Frances Smith.<ref name=NYTimes2016 /> He was raised in [[New Haven, Connecticut]]. He attended [[Hillhouse High School|New Haven High School]] and the [[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill]], where he graduated in 1942.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/255920/Louis-Harris |title=Louis Harris |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Online |access-date=September 26, 2010}}</ref> He then joined the Navy, as World War II was underway.


==Career==
⚫
The Harris firm conducted polling for political candidates. In 1960 Harris became the first presidential pollster, working for the campaign of [[John F. Kennedy]], who was elected U.S. President that year.<ref name=Booknotes/>
⚫
Harris began working in the field of public opinion and marketing research in 1947, when he joined the [[Elmo Roper]] firm as Roper's assistant. In 1956 Harris left Roper's business and started his own firm, Louis Harris and Associates, Inc.<ref name=InteractiveHeritage>{{cite web |url=http://www.harrisinteractive.com/AboutUs/Heritage.aspx |title=Our Heritage |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924025006/http://www.harrisinteractive.com/AboutUs/Heritage.aspx |archive-date=September 24, 2015 |work=Harris Interactive |access-date=September 26, 2010}}</ref><ref name=Booknotes/>


⚫
The Harris firm conducted polling for political candidates. In 1960 Harris became the first presidential pollster, working for the campaign of [[John F. Kennedy]], who was elected U.S. President that year.<ref name=Booknotes/> Kennedy had initially hired Harris in 1958 for assistance with his campaign for re-election to the US Senate; following that re-election, Harris persuaded Kennedy to run for the presidency, and had much advice on how to achieve that goal, using his opinion polling techniques.<ref name=NYTimes2016 />
⚫
In 1962, Harris devised a new analysis technique for [[CBS News]] to enable the [[television network]] to predict the outcome of an election based on computer analysis of voting results from a small number of "key [[precinct]]s."<ref>Bill Leonard (1987), [http://books.google.com/books?id=23wzOEG5jo4C&pg=PA97 In the storm of the eye: a lifetime at CBS]. Penguin. Pages 97-100.</ref>


⚫
In 1962, Harris devised a new analysis technique for [[CBS News]] to enable the [[television network]] to predict the outcome of an election based on computer analysis of voting results from a small number of "key [[electoral precinct|precincts]]."<ref>{{cite book |first=Bill |last=Leonard |year=1987 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=23wzOEG5jo4C&pg=PA97 |title=In the storm of the eye: a lifetime at CBS |publisher=Penguin |pages=97–100 |isbn=978-0399132551}}</ref> It was felt that predicting the election on television before polling was ended across the US was a negative action, as West Coast voters felt this lessened the importance of their votes. The practice was then discontinued.<ref name=NYTimes2016 />
In January 1992, Lou Harris retired from Louis Harris & Associates, which had by then been owned by a corporation for some time, and formed his own company, LH Associates.<ref name=Booknotes>[http://www.booknotes.org/Watch/25989-1/David+Moore.aspx The Superpollsters: How they Measure and Manipulate Public Opinion in America], ''Booknotes'' interview of author David W. Moore, by Brian Lamb, May 10, 1992</ref>


Harris wrote columns that appeared in several print media, and then on television. From 1963 to 1968, his columns appeared in ''The Washington Post'' and in ''Newsweek''. Then from 1969 to 1988, his columns were written for The Chicago Tribune-New York Daily News Syndicate, appearing in over 100 newspapers. He wrote for ''Time Magazine'' from 1969 to 1972, and later gave his commentaries on CBS and ABC News.<ref name=NYTimes2016 />
In 1996, the [[Gannett Corporation]] sold Louis Harris & Associates to the Gordon S. Black Corporation, which operated under the name Harris Black International before becoming a publicly traded company, [[Harris Interactive]], in December 1999.<ref name=InteractiveHeritage/>

In January 1992 at age 70, Lou Harris retired from Louis Harris & Associates, which was owned by Gannett in that year, and formed his second company, LH Associates.<ref name="Booknotes">{{cite web |title=Booknotes: The Superpollsters |url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?25989-1/the-superpollsters |publisher=C-SPAN |access-date=February 9, 2022 |date=May 8, 1992}}</ref>

Harris's firm was bought by Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette in 1969, and then by Gannett in 1975, with Louis Harris continuing as chief executive until he retired in 1992. In 1996, the [[Gannett Corporation]] sold Louis Harris & Associates to the Gordon S. Black Corporation, which operated under the name Harris Black International before becoming a publicly traded company, [[Harris Insights & Analytics|Harris Interactive]], in December 1999.<ref name=InteractiveHeritage/> In February 2014, [[The Harris Poll]] was acquired by Nielsen.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nielsen.com/us/en/press-releases/2014/harris-interactive-joins-nielsen/ |title=Harris Interactive Joins Nielsen |date=February 3, 2014 |work=Nielsen Press Room |access-date=August 24, 2020}}</ref>

==Legacy==
In 2017, The Harris Poll was acquired by the Stagwell Group, which took the company private and renamed the polling firm as [[Harris Insights & Analytics]]. The continuous polling of American opinion is now found at [https://theharrispoll.com/ this online site].

His papers, Louis Harris papers, 1940-1990s, are held in the Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (#4662).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://catalog.lib.unc.edu/?utf8=%E2%9C%93&search_field=isbn_issn&q=38214331 |title=Louis Harris papers, 1940-1990s. |location=Southern Historical Collection (Wilson Library), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |access-date=August 24, 2020}}</ref>

==Bibliography==
This is an abbreviated list of his publications.

*''Is There a Republican Majority?'' (1954)
*''The Negro Revolution in America'' (1964, with William Brink, republished in 1997) Simon & Schuster, {{ISBN|9780671204198}}
*''Black and White'' (1967)
*''Black-Jewish Relations in New York City: The Anguish of Change'' (1970 with Bert E. Swanson), Praeger Publishers, {{ISBN|9780275280390}}
*''Redesigning America's schools: The Public Speaks: report of a survey'' (1986), The Forum, {{ISBN|9780961668518}}
*''Inside America'' (1987), Vintage Books, {{ISBN|9780394750705}}

==Personal life==
In 1943, Louis Harris married Florence Yard. They had three children, Peter, Richard and Susan Yard Harris. His wife died in 2004. At the time of his death he had four grandchildren. Harris died on December 17, 2016, at his home in [[Key West, Florida]].<ref name=NYTimes2016>{{cite news |last1=McFadden|first1=Robert D. |title=Louis Harris, Pollster at Forefront of American Trends, Dies at 95 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/19/us/louis-harris-pollster-at-forefront-of-american-trends-dies-at-95.html|access-date=December 19, 2016 |newspaper=The New York Times |date=December 19, 2016}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
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== External links ==
== External links ==
* [http://www.pollster.com/blogs/aapor09_lou_harris.php Lou Harris, May 14, 2009] - Video of interview by Mark Blumenthal, archived on Pollster.com
* [http://www.pollster.com/blogs/aapor09_lou_harris.php Lou Harris, May 14, 2009] - Video of interview by Mark Blumenthal, archived on Pollster.com
* {{C-SPAN|630}}

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{{Authority control}}


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{{Authority control|VIAF=111920252}}
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
⚫
| NAME = Harris, Louis
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American journalist
| DATE OF BIRTH = January 6, 1921
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
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}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Harris, Louis}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Harris, Louis}}
[[Category:1921 births]]
[[Category:1921 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:2016 deaths]]
[[Category:American journalists]]
[[Category:American male journalists]]
[[Category:Writers from New Haven, Connecticut]]
[[Category:Writers from New Haven, Connecticut]]
[[Category:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill alumni]]
[[Category:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill alumni]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from New Haven, Connecticut]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from New Haven, Connecticut]]
[[Category:20th-century American journalists]]

[[Category:20th-century American businesspeople]]

[[Category:Hillhouse High School alumni]]
{{US-journalist-1920s-stub}}

Latest revision as of 08:42, 10 September 2024

This article is about the American opinion pollster. For the English football player, see Louis Harris (footballer).

Louis Harris
Harris in the White House in 1971
Born(1921-01-21)January 21, 1921
New Haven, Connecticut
DiedDecember 17, 2016(2016-12-17) (aged 95)
Key West, Florida
NationalityAmerican
EducationUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Occupation(s)Public opinion analyst, journalist, author
Years active1946–2016
Known forThe Harris Poll
SpouseFlorence Yard
ChildrenPeter, Richard and Susan Yard Harris

Louis Harris (January 6, 1921 – December 17, 2016) was an American opinion polling entrepreneur, journalist, and author. He ran one of the best-known polling organizations of his time, Louis Harris and Associates, which conducted The Harris Poll. He followed Elmo Roper and George Gallup in using and improving the art and the techniques of opinion polling.

Early life

[edit]

Harris was born on January 6, 1921, in New Haven, one of three children of Harry Harris, a real estate developer, and the former Frances Smith.[1] He was raised in New Haven, Connecticut. He attended New Haven High School and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he graduated in 1942.[2] He then joined the Navy, as World War II was underway.

Career

[edit]

Harris began working in the field of public opinion and marketing research in 1947, when he joined the Elmo Roper firm as Roper's assistant. In 1956 Harris left Roper's business and started his own firm, Louis Harris and Associates, Inc.[3][4]

The Harris firm conducted polling for political candidates. In 1960 Harris became the first presidential pollster, working for the campaign of John F. Kennedy, who was elected U.S. President that year.[4] Kennedy had initially hired Harris in 1958 for assistance with his campaign for re-election to the US Senate; following that re-election, Harris persuaded Kennedy to run for the presidency, and had much advice on how to achieve that goal, using his opinion polling techniques.[1]

In 1962, Harris devised a new analysis technique for CBS News to enable the television network to predict the outcome of an election based on computer analysis of voting results from a small number of "key precincts."[5] It was felt that predicting the election on television before polling was ended across the US was a negative action, as West Coast voters felt this lessened the importance of their votes. The practice was then discontinued.[1]

Harris wrote columns that appeared in several print media, and then on television. From 1963 to 1968, his columns appeared in The Washington Post and in Newsweek. Then from 1969 to 1988, his columns were written for The Chicago Tribune-New York Daily News Syndicate, appearing in over 100 newspapers. He wrote for Time Magazine from 1969 to 1972, and later gave his commentaries on CBS and ABC News.[1]

In January 1992 at age 70, Lou Harris retired from Louis Harris & Associates, which was owned by Gannett in that year, and formed his second company, LH Associates.[4]

Harris's firm was bought by Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette in 1969, and then by Gannett in 1975, with Louis Harris continuing as chief executive until he retired in 1992. In 1996, the Gannett Corporation sold Louis Harris & Associates to the Gordon S. Black Corporation, which operated under the name Harris Black International before becoming a publicly traded company, Harris Interactive, in December 1999.[3] In February 2014, The Harris Poll was acquired by Nielsen.[6]

Legacy

[edit]

In 2017, The Harris Poll was acquired by the Stagwell Group, which took the company private and renamed the polling firm as Harris Insights & Analytics. The continuous polling of American opinion is now found at this online site.

His papers, Louis Harris papers, 1940-1990s, are held in the Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (#4662).[7]

Bibliography

[edit]

This is an abbreviated list of his publications.

  • Is There a Republican Majority? (1954)
  • The Negro Revolution in America (1964, with William Brink, republished in 1997) Simon & Schuster, ISBN 9780671204198
  • Black and White (1967)
  • Black-Jewish Relations in New York City: The Anguish of Change (1970 with Bert E. Swanson), Praeger Publishers, ISBN 9780275280390
  • Redesigning America's schools: The Public Speaks: report of a survey (1986), The Forum, ISBN 9780961668518
  • Inside America (1987), Vintage Books, ISBN 9780394750705

Personal life

[edit]

In 1943, Louis Harris married Florence Yard. They had three children, Peter, Richard and Susan Yard Harris. His wife died in 2004. At the time of his death he had four grandchildren. Harris died on December 17, 2016, at his home in Key West, Florida.[1]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e McFadden, Robert D. (December 19, 2016). "Louis Harris, Pollster at Forefront of American Trends, Dies at 95". The New York Times. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
  2. ^ "Louis Harris". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved September 26, 2010.
  3. ^ a b "Our Heritage". Harris Interactive. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved September 26, 2010.
  4. ^ a b c "Booknotes: The Superpollsters". C-SPAN. May 8, 1992. Retrieved February 9, 2022.
  5. ^ Leonard, Bill (1987). In the storm of the eye: a lifetime at CBS. Penguin. pp. 97–100. ISBN 978-0399132551.
  6. ^ "Harris Interactive Joins Nielsen". Nielsen Press Room. February 3, 2014. Retrieved August 24, 2020.
  7. ^ "Louis Harris papers, 1940-1990s". Southern Historical Collection (Wilson Library), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved August 24, 2020.
[edit]
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