Jump to content

Ingenuus: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
m Updated Date(s)
 
(29 intermediate revisions by 26 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Usurper of throne of Roman Empire (died 260)}}
{{Infobox Roman emperor
⚫
{{about|the Roman commander|the Roman legal term for a freeborn man|Ingenui}}
| name =Ingenuus
{{Infobox Roman emperor||name=Ingenuus|full name=Ingenuus|title=[[Roman usurper|Usurper]] of the [[Roman Empire]]|image=Ingenuus.jpg|caption=Ingenuus from ''[[Promptuarium Iconum Insigniorum|Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum]]''|reign=260 AD<ref name="Jones, p. 457">Jones, pg. 457</ref>|predecessor=[[Valerian (emperor)|Valerian]]|successor=[[Gallienus]]|spouse 1=|spouse 2=|issue=|dynasty=|father=|mother=|birth_date=|birth_place=|death_date=260 AD|death_place=[[Osijek|Mursa Major]], [[Pannonia Inferior]]|place of burial=|regnal name=Imperator Caesar Ingenuus Augustus}}
| full name =
| title =[[Roman usurper|Usurper]] of the [[Roman Empire]]
| image= Ingenuus.jpg
| caption =Ingenuus from ''Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum''
| reign =260<ref name="Jones, pg. 457">Jones, pg. 457</ref>
| predecessor =[[Valerian (emperor)|Valerian]]
| successor =[[Gallienus]]
| spouse 1 =
| spouse 2 =
| issue =
| dynasty =
| father =
| mother =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =260
| death_place =[[Osijek|Mursa Major]], [[Illyricum (Roman province)|Illyricum]]
| place of burial =
|}}
{{Campaignbox Crisis of the Third Century}}
{{Campaignbox Crisis of the Third Century}}
⚫
'''Ingenuus''' was a [[Roman Empire|Roman]] military commander, the imperial [[legatus|legate]] in [[Pannonia]],{{Citation needed|date=August 2018}} who became a [[Gallienus usurpers|usurper]] to the throne of the [[Emperor of Rome|emperor]] [[Gallienus]] when he led a brief and unsuccessful revolt in the year 260.<ref>Peachin, p. 40; p. 83</ref> Appointed by Gallienus himself,<ref name=Lead>Leadbetter, [www.roman-emperors.org/ingen.htm Ingenuus]</ref> Ingenuus served him well by repulsing a [[Sarmatian]] invasion and securing the Pannonian border, at least temporarily. Ingenuus had also been charged with the military education of [[caesar (title)|''Caesar'']] [[Valerian II|Cornelius Licinius Valerianus]], the young son of Emperor [[Gallienus]], but after the boy's death in 258, his position became perilous.<ref name=Lead/>
⚫
:''This article is about the Roman commander named Ingenuus. For the Roman legal term for a freeborn man, see [[ingenui]].''


⚫
A well-liked and admired commander,<ref>''[[Historia Augusta]]'', Tyranni Triginta 9.2</ref> Ingenuus found an opportunity to become the Roman Emperor when Valerian was captured and killed by [[Shapur I]] of the [[Sassanid Empire]].<ref name="Jones, p. 457"/> Throwing off their allegiance to Valerian's son, the legions of [[Moesia]] proclaimed Ingenuus [[Roman Empire|Roman]] [[Emperor]] at [[Sirmium]] in 260.<ref name="Jones, p. 457"/> Gallienus was in [[Germania]] on the [[Rhine]] frontier,{{Citation needed|date=August 2018}} so he acted quickly by recalling troops from [[Gaul]] and after a rapid march he met Ingenuus on the [[battle of Mursa (260)|battlefield]] at [[Mursa]].<ref name="Jones, p. 457"/> The troops of Ingenuus were defeated, as Gallienus' general, [[Aureolus]], used to great effect the advantage given by the mobility of an improved cavalry component of the army, which was the remarkable military innovation wanted by the Emperor.<ref name=Lead/>
⚫
'''Ingenuus''' was a [[Roman Empire|Roman]] military commander, the imperial [[legatus|legate]] in [[Pannonia]],<ref name="Canduci, pg. 83">Canduci, pg. 83</ref> who became an [[Gallienus usurpers|usurper]] to the throne of the [[Emperor of Rome|emperor]] [[Gallienus]] when he led a brief and unsuccessful revolt in the year 260.<ref>Peachin, p.40; p.83</ref> Appointed by Gallienus himself,<ref name=Lead>Leadbetter, [www.roman-emperors.org/ingen.htm Ingenuus]</ref> Ingenuus served him well by repulsing a [[Sarmatian]] invasion and securing the Pannonian border, at least temporarily. Ingenuus had also been charged with the military education of [[caesar (title)|''Caesar'']] [[Valerian II|Cornelius Licinius Valerianus]], the young son of Emperor [[Gallienus]], but after the boy's death in 258, his position became perilous.<ref name=Lead/>


⚫
Ingenuus died after the battle by drowning himself in a nearby river to avoid capture. <ref>''Historia Augusta'', Tyranni Triginta 9.4</ref>
⚫
A well-liked and admired commander,<ref name="Canduci, pg. 83"/> Ingenuus found an opportunity to become the Roman Emperor when Valerian was captured and killed by [[Shapur I]] of the [[Sassanid Empire]].<ref name="Jones, pg. 457"/> Throwing off their allegiance to Valerian's son, the legions of [[Moesia]] proclaimed Ingenuus [[Roman Empire|Roman]] [[Emperor]] at [[Sirmium]] in 260.<ref name="Jones, pg. 457"/> Gallienus was in [[Germania]] on the [[Rhine]] frontier,<ref name="Canduci, pg. 83"/> so he acted quickly by recalling troops from [[Gaul]] and after a rapid march he met Ingenuus on the [[battle of Mursa (260)|battlefield]] at [[Mursa]].<ref name="Jones, pg. 457"/> The troops of Ingenuus were defeated, as Gallienus' general, [[Aureolus]], used to great effect the advantage given by the mobility of an improved cavalry component of the army, which was the remarkable military innovation wanted by the Emperor.<ref name=Lead/>

⚫
Ingenuus died after the battle by drowning himself in a nearby river to avoid capture.<ref name="Canduci, pg. 83"/>


==Notes==
==Notes==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist}}


==References==
==References==
{{refbegin}}
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite web |url=http://www.roman-emperors.org/ingen.htm |title=Ingenuus (260 A.D.) |author=Leadbetter, William |year=1998 |publisher=''De Imperatoribus Romanis'' |accessdate=2010-12-25 }}
* {{Cite web |url=http://www.roman-emperors.org/ingen.htm |title=Ingenuus (260 A.D.) |author=Leadbetter, William |year=1998 |publisher=De Imperatoribus Romanis |access-date=2010-12-25 }}
* {{Cite book |title=The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Vol. I: AD260-395 |last=Jones |first=A.H.M. |author2=Martindale, J.R. |year=1987 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn= |oclc=490356338 }}
* {{Cite book |title=The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Vol. I: AD260-395 |last=Jones |first=A.H.M. |author2=Martindale, J.R. |year=1987 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |oclc=490356338 }}
* {{Cite book |title=Triumph & Tragedy: The Rise and Fall of Rome's Immortal Emperors |last=Canduci |first=Alexander |publisher=Murdoch Books |location=Sydney |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-74196-598-8 }}
* {{Cite book |title=Roman imperial titulature and chronology, A.D. 235-284 |last=Peachin |first=Michael |year=1990 |publisher=Gieben |location=Amsterdam |isbn=9789050630344 |oclc=21388903 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rM4iAQAAIAAJ&q=ingenuus|access-date=2010-12-25 }}
* {{Cite book |title=Roman imperial titulature and chronology, A.D. 235-284 |last=Peachin |first=Michael |year=1990 |publisher=Gieben |location=Amsterdam |isbn= |oclc=21388903 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=rM4iAQAAIAAJ&q=ingenuus&dq=ingenuus|accessdate=2010-12-25 }}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


{{Roman Emperors}}
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->

| NAME = Ingenuus
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Roman emperor
| DATE OF BIRTH =
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 260
| PLACE OF DEATH = [[Osijek|Mursa Major]], [[Illyricum (Roman province)|Illyricum]]
}}
[[Category:Gallienus usurpers]]
[[Category:Gallienus usurpers]]
[[Category:3rd-century Roman emperors]]
[[Category:Thirty Tyrants (Roman)]]
[[Category:Thirty Tyrants (Roman)]]
[[Category:260 deaths]]
[[Category:260 deaths]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Romans from unknown gentes]]
[[Category:Ancient Romans from unknown gentes]]
[[Category:People from Sirmium]]
[[Category:Suicides in Ancient Rome]]
[[Category:Suicides by drowning]]

Latest revision as of 05:46, 14 September 2024

This article is about the Roman commander. For the Roman legal term for a freeborn man, see Ingenui.
Ingenuus
Usurper of the Roman Empire
Ingenuus from Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum
Reign260 AD[1]
PredecessorValerian
SuccessorGallienus
Died260 AD
Mursa Major, Pannonia Inferior
Names
Ingenuus
Regnal name
Imperator Caesar Ingenuus Augustus

Ingenuus was a Roman military commander, the imperial legate in Pannonia,[citation needed] who became a usurper to the throne of the emperor Gallienus when he led a brief and unsuccessful revolt in the year 260.[2] Appointed by Gallienus himself,[3] Ingenuus served him well by repulsing a Sarmatian invasion and securing the Pannonian border, at least temporarily. Ingenuus had also been charged with the military education of Caesar Cornelius Licinius Valerianus, the young son of Emperor Gallienus, but after the boy's death in 258, his position became perilous.[3]

A well-liked and admired commander,[4] Ingenuus found an opportunity to become the Roman Emperor when Valerian was captured and killed by Shapur I of the Sassanid Empire.[1] Throwing off their allegiance to Valerian's son, the legions of Moesia proclaimed Ingenuus Roman Emperor at Sirmium in 260.[1] Gallienus was in Germania on the Rhine frontier,[citation needed] so he acted quickly by recalling troops from Gaul and after a rapid march he met Ingenuus on the battlefield at Mursa.[1] The troops of Ingenuus were defeated, as Gallienus' general, Aureolus, used to great effect the advantage given by the mobility of an improved cavalry component of the army, which was the remarkable military innovation wanted by the Emperor.[3]

Ingenuus died after the battle by drowning himself in a nearby river to avoid capture. [5]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Jones, pg. 457
  2. ^ Peachin, p. 40; p. 83
  3. ^ a b c Leadbetter, [www.roman-emperors.org/ingen.htm Ingenuus]
  4. ^ Historia Augusta, Tyranni Triginta 9.2
  5. ^ Historia Augusta, Tyranni Triginta 9.4

References

[edit]
  • Leadbetter, William (1998). "Ingenuus (260 A.D.)". De Imperatoribus Romanis. Retrieved 2010-12-25.
  • Jones, A.H.M.; Martindale, J.R. (1987). The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Vol. I: AD260-395. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. OCLC 490356338.
  • Peachin, Michael (1990). Roman imperial titulature and chronology, A.D. 235-284. Amsterdam: Gieben. ISBN 9789050630344. OCLC 21388903. Retrieved 2010-12-25.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ingenuus&oldid=1245638193"