Annie Proulx: Difference between revisions

Annie Proulx
Annie Proulx
	Proulx at the 2018 U.S. National Book Festival
Born	Edna Ann Proulx; August 22, 1935 (age 89); Norwich, Connecticut, U.S.
Pen name	E. Annie Proulx, E.A. Proulx
Occupation	Novelist
Education	Colby College; University of Vermont (BA); Sir George Williams University (MA)
Notable awards	Pulitzer Prize for Fiction; 1994 The Shipping News
Children	4

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Edna Ann Proulx (/pruː/ PROO; born August 22, 1935) is an American novelist, short story writer, and journalist. She has written most frequently as Annie Proulx but has also used the names E. Annie Proulx and E.A. Proulx.^[1]

She won the PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction for her first novel, Postcards, making her the first woman to receive the prize.^[2] Her second novel, The Shipping News (1993), won both the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction^[3] and the U.S. National Book Award for Fiction^[4] and was adapted as a 2001 film of the same name. Her short story "Brokeback Mountain" was adapted as an Academy Award, BAFTA and Golden Globe Award-winning motion picture released in 2005.

Personal life and education

Proulx was born Edna Ann Proulx in Norwich, Connecticut, to Lois Nellie (née Gill) and Georges-Napoléon Proulx.^[5] Her first name honored one of her mother's aunts. She is of English and French-Canadian ancestry.^[6]^[7] Her maternal forebears came to America in 1635, 15 years after the Mayflower arrived.^[8]

Proulx lived in multiple states along the East Coast during her childhood as her father worked his way up through the textile industry.^[9]^[10]^[11] She wrote her first story at the age of 10, while sick with chicken pox.^[9] She graduated from Deering High School in Portland, Maine.^[12] She briefly attended Colby College, where she met her first husband, H. Ridgely Bullock, Jr., and dropped out to marry him in 1955.^[10] She later returned to college, studying at the University of Vermont from 1966 to 1969, and graduated cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa with a B.A. in History in 1969. She earned her M.A. in history from Sir George Williams University (now Concordia University) in Montreal, Quebec in 1973.^[13] Proulx pursued a PhD at Concordia and passed her oral examinations in 1975, but abandoned her dissertation before completing the degree. In 1999, Concordia awarded her an honorary doctorate.^[14]

Proulx lived for more than 30 years in Vermont, has married and divorced three times, and has three sons and a daughter (Jonathan, Gillis, Morgan, and Sylvia). In 1994, she moved to Bird Cloud, a ranch in Saratoga, Wyoming, spending part of the year in northern Newfoundland on a small cove adjacent to L'Anse aux Meadows. As of 2019, Proulx lived in Port Townsend, Washington.^[15]

Writing career and recognition

Starting as a journalist, her first published work of fiction was "The Customs Lounge", a science fiction story published in the September 1963 issue of If, under the byline "E.A. Proulx".^[16]

A year later, her science fiction story "All the Pretty Little Horses" appeared in the teen magazine Seventeen in June 1964. She subsequently published stories in Esquire magazine and Gray's Sporting Journal in the late 1970s, as well as how-to manuals for cooking and gardening.^[17]^[18] Proulx published her first short-story collection, Heart Songs, in 1988 and her first novel, Postcards, in 1992.^[11] She was the first woman to receive the PEN/Faulkner Award, which was awarded to Postcards.^[19] She was awarded a NEA fellowship and a Guggenheim fellowship in 1992.^[20]^[2] Her 1993 novel The Shipping News was adapted for a 2001 film. Set in Newfoundland yet written by someone "from away"^[21] (not from Newfoundland), the novel stresses the vicarious quality of Proulx' writing.

She had the following comment on her celebrity status:

It's not good for one's view of human nature, that's for sure. You begin to see, when invitations are coming from festivals and colleges to come read (for an hour for a hefty sum of money), that the institutions are head-hunting for trophy writers. Most don't particularly care about your writing or what you're trying to say. You're there as a human object, one that has won a prize. It gives you a very odd, meat-rack kind of sensation.^[22]

In 1997, Proulx was awarded the Dos Passos Prize, a mid-career award for American writers.^[23] Proulx has twice won the O. Henry Prize for the year's best short story. In 1998, she won for "Brokeback Mountain", which had appeared in The New Yorker on October 13, 1997. Proulx won again the following year for "The Mud Below", which appeared in The New Yorker June 22 and 29, 1999. Both appear in her 1999 collection of short stories, Close Range: Wyoming Stories. The lead story in this collection, entitled "The Half-Skinned Steer", was selected by author Garrison Keillor for inclusion in The Best American Short Stories 1998, (Proulx herself edited the 1997 edition of this series) and later by novelist John Updike for inclusion in The Best American Short Stories of the Century (1999).^[19]

In 2007, the composer Charles Wuorinen approached Proulx with the idea of turning her short story "Brokeback Mountain" into an opera. The opera of the same name with a libretto by Proulx herself premiered January 28, 2014, at the Teatro Real in Madrid. It was praised as an often brilliant adaptation that clearly conveyed the text of the libretto with music that is rich in imagination and variety.^[24]^[25]^[26]^[27]^[28] Proulx published her first non-fiction book, Bird Cloud: A Memoir, largely based on her former Wyoming ranch of the same name.^[18]^[29] In 2017, she received the Fitzgerald Award for that year for Achievement in American Literature.^[30]

Bibliography

Nonfiction

Great grapes : grow the best ever. Pownal, Vermont: Storey Communications. 1980. ISBN 9780882662282.
Proulx, Annie; Nichols, Lew (1980). Sweet & hard cider : making it, using it, & enjoying it. Charlotte, Vermont: Garden Way Publishing.
Making the Best Apple Cider. Storey Communications. 1983. ISBN 9780882662220.
Plan and Make Your Own Fences & Gates, Walkways, Walls & Drives (1983), ISBN 0-87857-452-2
The Fine Art of Salad Gardening. 1985. ISBN 0-87857-528-6
The Gourmet Gardener: Growing Choice Fruits and Vegetables with Spectacular Results (1987), ISBN 0-449-90227-7
Cider: Making, Using & Enjoying Sweet and Hard Cider. Storey Communications. 2003. ISBN 9781580175203.
Bird Cloud: A Memoir (2011), ISBN 978-0-7432-8880-4
Foreword (2018) In: Wild Migrations: Atlas of Wyoming's Ungulates. Alethea Y. Steingisser, Emilene Ostlind, Hall Sawyer, James E. Meacham, Matthew J. Kauffman, and William J. Rudd (Eds.).ISBN 978-0870719431
Fen, Bog & Swamp: A Short History of Peatland Destruction and Its Role in the Climate Crisis (2022)^[31]

Essay

Swamps Can Protect Against Climate Change, If We Only Let Them. In: The New Yorker, June 27, 2022 (July 4, 2022).

Novels

Postcards (1992), ISBN 0-684-83368-9
The Shipping News (1993), ISBN 0-684-85791-X
Accordion Crimes (1996), ISBN 0-684-19548-8
That Old Ace in the Hole (2002), ISBN 0-684-81307-6
Barkskins (2016), ISBN 978-0-7432-8878-1

Short fiction

Collections

Heart Songs and Other Stories (1988), ISBN 0-684-18717-5; republished with altered but similar content as trade paperback Heart Songs (1994) ISBN 1-86373-777-4^[32]
Close Range: Wyoming Stories (1999), ISBN 0-684-85222-5
Bad Dirt: Wyoming Stories 2 (2004), ISBN 0-7432-5799-5
Fine Just the Way It Is: Wyoming Stories 3 (2008), ISBN 978-1-4165-7166-7

Stories

Title	Year	First published	Reprinted/collected	Notes
Rough deeds	2013	Proulx, Annie (June 10–17, 2013). "Rough deeds". The New Yorker. Vol. 89, no. 17. pp. 56–61.
A resolute man	2016	Proulx, Annie (March 21, 2016). "A resolute man". The New Yorker. Vol. 92, no. 6. pp. 76–85.

Awards and recognition

1993—PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction (Postcards)^[11]
1993—Chicago Tribune Heartland Prize for Fiction, for The Shipping News^[9]
1993—Irish Times International Fiction Prize, for The Shipping News^[9]
1993—National Book Award, Fiction The Shipping News^[4]
1994—Pulitzer Prize, Fiction The Shipping News^[3]
1997—Shortlisted for the 1997 Orange Prize (Accordion Crimes)^[33]
1997—John Dos Passos Prize for Literature (for body of work)^[23]
1998—"Half-Skinned Steer", The Best American Short Stories 1998
1998—"Brokeback Mountain", O. Henry Awards O. Henry Awards: Prize Stories 1998
1998—"Brokeback Mountain", National Magazine Award^[34]
1999—"The Mud Below," O. Henry Awards: Prize Stories 1999
1999—"The Bunchgrass Edge of the World," The Best American Short Stories 1999
1999—"Half-Skinned Steer", The Best American Short Stories of the Century, edited by John Updike^[19]
2000—The New Yorker Book Award, Best Fiction 1999 (Close Range: Wyoming Stories)^[35]
2000—English-Speaking Union's Ambassador Book Award (Close Range: Wyoming Stories)^[36]
2000—"People in Hell Just Want a Drink of Water," The Best American Short Stories 2000
2000—Borders Original Voices Award in Fiction (Close Range, Wyoming Stories)^[36]
2000—WILLA Literary Award, Women Writing the West^[37]
2002—Best Foreign Language Novels of 2002 / Best American Novel Award, Chinese Publishing Association and Peoples' Literature Publishing House (That Old Ace in the Hole)
2004—Aga Khan Prize for Fiction for "The Wamsutter Wolf"^[38]
2012—United States Artists Fellow award^[39]
2017—National Book Foundation Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters (lifetime achievement)^[40]
2018—Library of Congress Prize for American Fiction^[41]

Adaptations

The Shipping News (2001) was directed by Lasse Hallström and featured Kevin Spacey as the protagonist Quoyle, Judi Dench as Agnis Hamm and Julianne Moore as Wavey Prowse.
Brokeback Mountain (2005), directed by Ang Lee and starring Heath Ledger and Jake Gyllenhaal, was based on a story of the same name in Proulx's collection of short stories, Close Range.
Barkskins, a National Geographic television series based on Proulx's 2016 novel, premiered on May 25, 2020.

References

^ "Library of Congress Name Authorities: Proulx, Annie". Retrieved February 4, 2013.
^ ^a ^b Hartman, Steve (Fall 1999). "Annie Proulx's Close Range". New York State Writer's Institute. 4 (1).
^ ^a ^b "Fiction". Past winners & finalists by category. The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved 2012-03-28.
^ ^a ^b "National Book Awards – 1993". National Book Foundation. Retrieved 2012-03-28.
(With acceptance speech by Proulx and essays by Bob Shacochis and Mark Sarvas from the Awards 60-year anniversary blog.)
^ NNDB
^ Hennessy, D. M. (2007). Annie Proulx. In R. E. Lee & P. Meanor (Eds.), Dictionary of Literary Biography: Vol. 335. American Short-Story Writers Since World War II. Detroit: Gale.
^ Annie Proulx. (2013). In J. W. Hunter (Ed.), Contemporary Literary Criticism (Vol. 331). Detroit: Gale.
^ Jukka Petäjä, Maisema on ihmisen kehys ja varjo, Helsingin Sanomat, October 26, 2011, pg. C4. (in Finnish)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Rimer, Sara (June 23, 1994). "At Home With: E. Annie Proulx; At Midlife, a Novelist Is Born". The New York Times. Retrieved January 10, 2024.
^ ^a ^b McCarthy, Megan (April 1, 2013). "The Friction Between Past and Present: The American Dream Landscape and Identity in the Novels of Annie Proulx" (PDF). Georgetown Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved January 10, 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c Cox, Christopher (2009). "Annie Proulx, The Art of Fiction No. 199". The Paris Review. Vol. Spring 2009, no. 188. ISSN 0031-2037. Retrieved January 10, 2024.
^ "Annie Proulx to receive honorary National Book Award". The Portland Press Herald. September 21, 2017. Retrieved January 10, 2024.
^ "Annie Proulx". www.concordia.ca. Archived from the original on January 30, 2016. Retrieved January 25, 2016.
^ "Honorary Degree Citation - Annie Proulx | Concordia University Archives". archives.concordia.ca. Retrieved March 9, 2016.
^ Paz, Diane Urbani de la (April 30, 2019). "From witches to marijuana, Jefferson County authors cover the gamut". Peninsula Daily News.
^ "The Customs Lounge in If, Volume 13 No 4, September 1963 – E. Annie Proulx". Retrieved March 18, 2007.
^ Simonds, Merilyn (August 4, 2016). "Annie Proulx's Canadian connections". The Kingston Whig Standard. Retrieved January 10, 2024.
^ ^a ^b Rock, Lucy (June 5, 2016). "Annie Proulx: 'I've had a life. I see how slippery things can be'". The Observer. ISSN 0029-7712. Retrieved January 10, 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c Glossbrenner, Alfred; Glossbrenner, Emily (2000). About the author : the passionate reader's guide to the authors you love, including things you never knew, juicy bits you'll want to know, and hundreds of ideas for what to read next. San Diego: Harcourt. pp. 182–183. ISBN 9780156013024.
^ "Annie Proulx". Dev John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation... Retrieved January 10, 2024.
^ "DCHP-3 | away, def. (1)". dchp.arts.ubc.ca. Retrieved September 19, 2024.
^ "Facts & Fiction – 97.11.12". (subscription only) The Atlantic Monthly. November 12, 1997.
^ ^a ^b Longwood University. "Past Recipients and Select Works". www.longwood.edu. Retrieved January 10, 2024.
^ Wise, Brian (January 30, 2014). "'Brokeback Mountain' Opera: The Critics Weigh In". wqxr.org. Retrieved March 25, 2018.
^ William Jeffery, "Brokeback Mountain Opera Receives World Premiere", Limelight Magazine (January 30, 2014).
^ Westphal, Matthew (September 27, 2007). "'Gay 12-Tone Cowboys' - Composer Charles Wuorinen Plans Opera Version of Brokeback Mountain". Playbill. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
^ "Opera: BROKEBACK MOUNTAIN, Teatro Real;". Teatro-Real.com. October 2, 2013. Retrieved October 2, 2013.
^ Anthony Tommasini (January 29, 2014). "Operatic Cowboys in Love, Onstage". New York Times. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
^ Wyndham, Susan (March 4, 2011). "This is the house that Annie built". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved January 10, 2024.
^ F. Scott Fitzgerald Literary Festival; accessed March 24, 2022.
^ Depenbrock, Julie (October 11, 2022). "In 'Fen, Bog & Swamp,' Annie Proulx pens a history of wetland destruction". NPR (interview). Retrieved October 12, 2022.
^ "Heart songs / E. Annie Proulx". Catalogue. National Library of Australia.
^ "Orange Prizes". Women & Children First. February 4, 2010. Retrieved January 10, 2024.
^ "Annie Proulx Wins National Book Foundation Lifetime Achievement Award". Association of Writers & Writing Programs. September 25, 2017. Retrieved January 10, 2024.
^ "The Annie Proulx Papers : 1935-2010 (bulk 1980-2007)". The New York Public Library Archives & Manuscripts. Retrieved January 10, 2024.
^ ^a ^b Cheveresan, Christina (2007). "Annie Proulx's Brokeback Mountain Or "This Ain't No Little Thing"" (PDF). British and American Studies Journal. 13: 41–50.
^ "The WILLA Literary Award – Women Writing the West". Retrieved January 10, 2024.
^ "Prizes". The Paris Review. Retrieved January 10, 2024.
^ United States Artists Official Website
^ Flood, Alison (September 22, 2017). "Annie Proulx wins high honour for writing on 'the beauty of rural America'". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved January 10, 2024.
^ "Annie Proulx wins Library of Congress Prize for American Fiction". The Washington Post. May 3, 2018. Retrieved May 3, 2018.

External links

Christopher Cox (Spring 2009). "Annie Proulx, The Art of Fiction No. 199". The Paris Review. Spring 2009 (188).
Books That Changed My Life PEN World Voices at the New York Public Library May 4, 2008
An Interview with Annie Proulx Archived August 23, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Bookslut, December 2005.
Interview with Annie Proulx in the Fall 2005 Wyoming Library Roundup (PDF 3.69 MB)
Works by Annie Proulx at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)

[LC-1] "Library of Congress Name Authorities: Proulx, Annie". Retrieved February 4, 2013.

[:0-2] Hartman, Steve (Fall 1999). "Annie Proulx's Close Range". New York State Writer's Institute. 4 (1).

[pulitzer-3] "Fiction". Past winners & finalists by category. The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved 2012-03-28.

[nba1993-4] "National Book Awards – 1993". National Book Foundation. Retrieved 2012-03-28.
(With acceptance speech by Proulx and essays by Bob Shacochis and Mark Sarvas from the Awards 60-year anniversary blog.)

[5] NNDB

[6] Hennessy, D. M. (2007). Annie Proulx. In R. E. Lee & P. Meanor (Eds.), Dictionary of Literary Biography: Vol. 335. American Short-Story Writers Since World War II. Detroit: Gale.

[7] Annie Proulx. (2013). In J. W. Hunter (Ed.), Contemporary Literary Criticism (Vol. 331). Detroit: Gale.

[8] Jukka Petäjä, Maisema on ihmisen kehys ja varjo, Helsingin Sanomat, October 26, 2011, pg. C4. (in Finnish)

[:1-9] Rimer, Sara (June 23, 1994). "At Home With: E. Annie Proulx; At Midlife, a Novelist Is Born". The New York Times. Retrieved January 10, 2024.

[:2-10] McCarthy, Megan (April 1, 2013). "The Friction Between Past and Present: The American Dream Landscape and Identity in the Novels of Annie Proulx" (PDF). Georgetown Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved January 10, 2024.

[:3-11] Cox, Christopher (2009). "Annie Proulx, The Art of Fiction No. 199". The Paris Review. Vol. Spring 2009, no. 188. ISSN 0031-2037. Retrieved January 10, 2024.

[12] "Annie Proulx to receive honorary National Book Award". The Portland Press Herald. September 21, 2017. Retrieved January 10, 2024.

[13] "Annie Proulx". www.concordia.ca. Archived from the original on January 30, 2016. Retrieved January 25, 2016.

[14] "Honorary Degree Citation - Annie Proulx | Concordia University Archives". archives.concordia.ca. Retrieved March 9, 2016.

[15] Paz, Diane Urbani de la (April 30, 2019). "From witches to marijuana, Jefferson County authors cover the gamut". Peninsula Daily News.

[16] "The Customs Lounge in If, Volume 13 No 4, September 1963 – E. Annie Proulx". Retrieved March 18, 2007.

[17] Simonds, Merilyn (August 4, 2016). "Annie Proulx's Canadian connections". The Kingston Whig Standard. Retrieved January 10, 2024.

[:4-18] Rock, Lucy (June 5, 2016). "Annie Proulx: 'I've had a life. I see how slippery things can be'". The Observer. ISSN 0029-7712. Retrieved January 10, 2024.

[:5-19] Glossbrenner, Alfred; Glossbrenner, Emily (2000). About the author : the passionate reader's guide to the authors you love, including things you never knew, juicy bits you'll want to know, and hundreds of ideas for what to read next. San Diego: Harcourt. pp. 182–183. ISBN 9780156013024.

[20] "Annie Proulx". Dev John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation... Retrieved January 10, 2024.

[21] "DCHP-3 | away, def. (1)". dchp.arts.ubc.ca. Retrieved September 19, 2024.

[22] "Facts & Fiction – 97.11.12". (subscription only) The Atlantic Monthly. November 12, 1997.

[:6-23] Longwood University. "Past Recipients and Select Works". www.longwood.edu. Retrieved January 10, 2024.

[wqxr-24] Wise, Brian (January 30, 2014). "'Brokeback Mountain' Opera: The Critics Weigh In". wqxr.org. Retrieved March 25, 2018.

[25] William Jeffery, "Brokeback Mountain Opera Receives World Premiere", Limelight Magazine (January 30, 2014).

[26] Westphal, Matthew (September 27, 2007). "'Gay 12-Tone Cowboys' - Composer Charles Wuorinen Plans Opera Version of Brokeback Mountain". Playbill. Retrieved October 3, 2013.

[27] "Opera: BROKEBACK MOUNTAIN, Teatro Real;". Teatro-Real.com. October 2, 2013. Retrieved October 2, 2013.

[NY_Times_Operatic-28] Anthony Tommasini (January 29, 2014). "Operatic Cowboys in Love, Onstage". New York Times. Retrieved January 30, 2014.

[29] Wyndham, Susan (March 4, 2011). "This is the house that Annie built". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved January 10, 2024.

[30] F. Scott Fitzgerald Literary Festival; accessed March 24, 2022.

[31] Depenbrock, Julie (October 11, 2022). "In 'Fen, Bog & Swamp,' Annie Proulx pens a history of wetland destruction". NPR (interview). Retrieved October 12, 2022.

[32] "Heart songs / E. Annie Proulx". Catalogue. National Library of Australia.

[33] "Orange Prizes". Women & Children First. February 4, 2010. Retrieved January 10, 2024.

[34] "Annie Proulx Wins National Book Foundation Lifetime Achievement Award". Association of Writers & Writing Programs. September 25, 2017. Retrieved January 10, 2024.

[35] "The Annie Proulx Papers : 1935-2010 (bulk 1980-2007)". The New York Public Library Archives & Manuscripts. Retrieved January 10, 2024.

[:7-36] Cheveresan, Christina (2007). "Annie Proulx's Brokeback Mountain Or "This Ain't No Little Thing"" (PDF). British and American Studies Journal. 13: 41–50.

[37] "The WILLA Literary Award – Women Writing the West". Retrieved January 10, 2024.

[38] "Prizes". The Paris Review. Retrieved January 10, 2024.

[39] United States Artists Official Website

[40] Flood, Alison (September 22, 2017). "Annie Proulx wins high honour for writing on 'the beauty of rural America'". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved January 10, 2024.

[41] "Annie Proulx wins Library of Congress Prize for American Fiction". The Washington Post. May 3, 2018. Retrieved May 3, 2018.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{short description|American novelist, short story and non-fiction author (born 1935)}}
 {{Use mdy dates|date=April 2013}}
+{{Infobox writer
-{{Infobox writer <!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] -->
 | name        = Annie Proulx
 | image       = 2018-us-nationalbookfestival-annie-proulx.jpg
-| image_size  =
 | caption     = Proulx at the 2018 U.S. [[National Book Festival]]
 | birth_name  = Edna Ann Proulx
@@ Line 12: / Line 11: @@
 | occupation  = Novelist
 | children    = 4
+| education   = [[Colby College]]<br>[[University of Vermont]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<br>[[Sir George Williams University]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]])
-| spouse      =
-| alma_mater  = [[University of Vermont]]<br/>[[Sir George Williams University]]
 | awards      = [[Pulitzer Prize for Fiction]]<br />1994 ''[[The Shipping News]]''
 }}
+'''Edna Ann Proulx''' ({{IPAc-en|p|r|uː}} {{respell|PROO}}; born August 22, 1935) is an American novelist, short story writer, and journalist. She has written most frequently as '''Annie Proulx''' but has also used the names '''E. Annie Proulx''' and '''E.A. Proulx'''.<ref name=LC>{{cite web|url=http://lccn.loc.gov/n80091138|title=Library of Congress Name Authorities: Proulx, Annie|access-date=February 4, 2013}}</ref>
+She won the [[PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction]] for her first novel, ''[[Postcards (novel)|Postcards]],'' making her the first woman to receive the prize.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Hartman |first=Steve |date=Fall 1999 |title=Annie Proulx's Close Range |url=https://www.albany.edu/writers-inst/webpages4/archives/olv4n1.html |journal=New York State Writer's Institute |volume=4 |issue=1}}</ref> Her second novel, ''[[The Shipping News]]'' (1993), won both the [[Pulitzer Prize for Fiction]]<ref name=pulitzer/> and the U.S. [[National Book Award for Fiction]]<ref name=nba1993/> and was [[film adaptation|adapted as a]] [[The Shipping News (film)|2001 film of the same name]]. Her short story "[[Brokeback Mountain (short story)|Brokeback Mountain]]" was adapted as an [[Academy Award]], [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts|BAFTA]] and [[Golden Globe Award]]-winning [[Brokeback Mountain|motion picture]] released in 2005.
-'''Edna Ann Proulx''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|r|uː}}; born August 22, 1935) is an American novelist, short story writer, and journalist. She has written most frequently as '''Annie Proulx''' but has also used the names '''E. Annie Proulx''' and '''E.A. Proulx'''.<ref name=LC>{{cite web|url=http://lccn.loc.gov/n80091138|title=Library of Congress Name Authorities: Proulx, Annie|access-date=February 4, 2013}}</ref>
+==Personal life and education==
-She won the [[PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction]] for her first novel, ''[[Postcards (novel)|Postcards]]''. Her second novel, ''[[The Shipping News]]'' (1993), won both the [[Pulitzer Prize for Fiction]]<ref name=pulitzer/> and the U.S. [[National Book Award for Fiction]]<ref name=nba1993/> and was [[film adaptation|adapted as a]] [[The Shipping News (film)|2001 film of the same name]]. Her short story "[[Brokeback Mountain (short story)|Brokeback Mountain]]" was adapted as an [[Academy Award]], [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts|BAFTA]] and [[Golden Globe Award]]-winning [[Brokeback Mountain|motion picture]] released in 2005.
+Proulx was born Edna Ann Proulx in [[Norwich, Connecticut]], to Lois Nellie ({{nee}} Gill) and Georges-Napoléon Proulx.<ref>[https://www.nndb.com/people/356/000085101/ NNDB]</ref> Her first name honored one of her mother's aunts. She is of English and [[French-Canadian]] ancestry.<ref>Hennessy, D. M. (2007). Annie Proulx. In R. E. Lee & P. Meanor (Eds.), ''Dictionary of Literary Biography'': Vol. 335. American Short-Story Writers Since World War II. Detroit: Gale.</ref><ref>Annie Proulx. (2013). In J. W. Hunter (Ed.), Contemporary Literary Criticism (Vol. 331). Detroit: Gale.</ref> Her maternal forebears came to America in 1635, 15 years after the ''[[Mayflower]]'' arrived.<ref>Jukka Petäjä, Maisema on ihmisen kehys ja varjo, [[Helsingin Sanomat]], October 26, 2011, pg. C4. {{in lang|fi}}</ref>
+Proulx lived in multiple states along the East Coast during her childhood as her father worked his way up through the textile industry.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Rimer |first=Sara |date=June 23, 1994 |title=At Home With: E. Annie Proulx; At Midlife, a Novelist Is Born |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/99/05/23/specials/proulx-home.html |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=The New York Times}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=McCarthy |first=Megan |date=April 1, 2013 |title=The Friction Between Past and Present: The American Dream Landscape and Identity in the Novels of Annie Proulx |url=https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/bitstream/handle/10822/558375/McCarthy_georgetown_0076M_12151.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |access-date=January 10, 2024 |website=Georgetown Graduate School of Arts and Sciences}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Cox |first=Christopher |date=2009 |title=Annie Proulx, The Art of Fiction No. 199 |url=https://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/5901/the-art-of-fiction-no-199-annie-proulx |access-date=2024-01-10 |work=The Paris Review |language=en |volume=Spring 2009 |issue=188 |issn=0031-2037}}</ref> She wrote her first story at the age of 10, while sick with chicken pox.<ref name=":1" /> She graduated from [[Deering High School]] in [[Portland, Maine]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-09-21 |title=Annie Proulx to receive honorary National Book Award |url=https://www.pressherald.com/2017/09/21/annie-proulx-to-receive-honorary-national-book-award/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=The Portland Press Herald}}</ref> She briefly attended [[Colby College]], where she met her first husband, H. Ridgely Bullock, Jr., and dropped out to marry him in 1955.<ref name=":2" /> She later returned to college, studying at the [[University of Vermont]] from 1966 to 1969, and graduated ''[[cum laude]]'' and [[Phi Beta Kappa]] with a [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] in History in 1969. She earned her [[Master of Arts|M.A.]] in history from Sir George Williams University (now [[Concordia University]]) in [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]] in 1973.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Annie Proulx|url = https://www.concordia.ca/alumni-friends/applause/great-concordians/annie-proulx.html|website = www.concordia.ca|access-date = 2016-01-25|archive-date = January 30, 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160130220616/http://www.concordia.ca/alumni-friends/applause/great-concordians/annie-proulx.html|url-status = dead}}</ref> Proulx pursued a [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]] at Concordia and passed her oral examinations in 1975, but abandoned her dissertation before completing the degree. In 1999, Concordia awarded her an honorary doctorate.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://archives.concordia.ca/proulx|title = Honorary Degree Citation - Annie Proulx {{!}} Concordia University Archives|website = archives.concordia.ca|access-date = 2016-03-09}}</ref>
-==Personal life==
-Proulx was born Edna Ann Proulx in [[Norwich, Connecticut]], to Lois Nellie ({{nee}} Gill) and Georges-Napoléon Proulx.<ref>[https://www.nndb.com/people/356/000085101/ NNDB]</ref> Her first name honored one of her mother's aunts. She is of English and [[French-Canadian]] ancestry.<ref>Hennessy, D. M. (2007). Annie Proulx. In R. E. Lee & P. Meanor (Eds.), ''Dictionary of Literary Biography'': Vol. 335. American Short-Story Writers Since World War II. Detroit: Gale.</ref><ref>Annie Proulx. (2013). In J. W. Hunter (Ed.), Contemporary Literary Criticism (Vol. 331). Detroit: Gale.</ref> Her maternal forebears came to America in 1635, 15 years after the ''[[Mayflower]]'' arrived.<ref>Jukka Petäjä, Maisema on ihmisen kehys ja varjo, [[Helsingin Sanomat]], October 26, 2011, pg. C4. {{in lang|fi}}</ref>
+Proulx lived for more than 30 years in [[Vermont]], has married and divorced three times, and has three sons and a daughter (Jonathan, Gillis, Morgan, and Sylvia). In 1994, she moved to Bird Cloud, a ranch in [[Saratoga, Wyoming]], spending part of the year in northern [[Newfoundland and Labrador|Newfoundland]] on a small cove adjacent to [[L'Anse aux Meadows]]. As of 2019, Proulx lived in [[Port Townsend, Washington]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Paz |first1=Diane Urbani de la |title=From witches to marijuana, Jefferson County authors cover the gamut |url=https://www.peninsuladailynews.com/news/from-witches-to-marijuana-jefferson-county-authors-cover-the-gamut/ |website=Peninsula Daily News |date=30 April 2019}}</ref>
-She graduated from [[Deering High School]] in [[Portland, Maine]], then attended [[Colby College]] "for a short period in the 1950s", where she met her first husband, H. Ridgely Bullock, Jr. She later returned to college, studying at the [[University of Vermont]] from 1966 to 1969, and graduated ''[[cum laude]]'' and [[Phi Beta Kappa]] with a [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] in history in 1969. She earned her [[Master of Arts|M.A.]] from Sir George Williams University (now [[Concordia University]]) in [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]] in 1973<ref>{{Cite web|title = Annie Proulx|url = https://www.concordia.ca/alumni-friends/applause/great-concordians/annie-proulx.html|website = www.concordia.ca|access-date = 2016-01-25}}</ref> and pursued, but did not complete, a [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]] In 1999, Concordia awarded her an honorary doctorate.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://archives.concordia.ca/proulx|title = Honorary Degree Citation - Annie Proulx {{!}} Concordia University Archives|website = archives.concordia.ca|access-date = 2016-03-09}}</ref>
-Proulx lived for more than 30 years in [[Vermont]], has married and divorced three times, and has three sons and a daughter (Jonathan, Gillis, Morgan, and Sylvia). In 1994, she moved to [[Saratoga, Wyoming]], spending part of the year in northern [[Newfoundland and Labrador|Newfoundland]] on a small cove adjacent to [[L'Anse aux Meadows]]. Proulx now lives in [[Port Townsend, Washington]].<ref name="NY Times Love">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/26/arts/music/charles-wuorinen-adapts-brokeback-mountain-as-opera.html|title=Love That Dare Not Sing Its Name|work=New York Times |date=January 26, 2014|access-date=February 20, 2014|author=Woolfe, Zachary}}</ref>
-Proulx has four sisters: twins Joyce and Janet, who live in Louisiana and Florida respectively; Roberta, of Fairlee, Vermont; and Jude, another writer who lives in Wales.{{cn|date=April 2022}}
 ==Writing career and recognition==
-Starting as a journalist, her first published work of fiction is thought to be "The Customs Lounge", a science fiction story published in the September 1963 issue of ''[[If (magazine)|If]]'', under the byline "E.A. Proulx".<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.biblio.com/books/36529386.html| title = The Customs Lounge in If, Volume 13 No 4, September 1963 – E. Annie Proulx| access-date = 2007-03-18}}</ref>
+Starting as a journalist, her first published work of fiction was "''The Customs Lounge''", a science fiction story published in the September 1963 issue of ''[[If (magazine)|If]]'', under the byline "E.A. Proulx".<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.biblio.com/books/36529386.html| title = The Customs Lounge in If, Volume 13 No 4, September 1963 – E. Annie Proulx| access-date = 2007-03-18}}</ref>
+A year later, her science fiction story "''All the Pretty Little Horses''" appeared in the teen magazine ''[[Seventeen (American magazine)|Seventeen]]'' in June 1964. She subsequently published stories in ''[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]'' magazine and ''[[Gray's Sporting Journal]]'' in the late 1970s, as well as how-to manuals for cooking and gardening.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simonds |first=Merilyn |date=August 4, 2016 |title=Annie Proulx's Canadian connections |url=https://www.thewhig.com/2016/08/04/annie-proulxs-canadian-connections |access-date=January 10, 2024 |website=The Kingston Whig Standard}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite news |last=Rock |first=Lucy |date=2016-06-05 |title=Annie Proulx: 'I've had a life. I see how slippery things can be' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/jun/05/annie-proulx-ive-had-a-life-i-see-how-slippery-things-can-be |access-date=2024-01-10 |work=The Observer |language=en-GB |issn=0029-7712}}</ref> Proulx published her first short-story collection, ''Heart Songs'', in 1988 and her first novel, ''Postcards'', in 1992.<ref name=":3" /> She was the first woman to receive the PEN/Faulkner Award, which was awarded to ''Postcards''.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last1=Glossbrenner |first1=Alfred |url=https://archive.org/details/aboutauthor00alfr/page/n9/mode/1up?q=%22annie+proulx%22+%22colby+college%22 |title=About the author : the passionate reader's guide to the authors you love, including things you never knew, juicy bits you'll want to know, and hundreds of ideas for what to read next |last2=Glossbrenner |first2=Emily |publisher=Harcourt |year=2000 |isbn=9780156013024 |location=San Diego |pages=182–183}}</ref> She was awarded a [[National Endowment for the Arts|NEA]] fellowship and a [[Guggenheim Fellowship|Guggenheim]] fellowship in 1992.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Annie Proulx |url=https://gf.org/dev.gf.org/fellows/annie-proulx/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=Dev John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation... |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Her 1993 novel [[The Shipping News]] was adapted for [[The Shipping News (film)|a 2001 film]]. Set in Newfoundland yet written by someone "from away"<ref>{{Cite web |title=DCHP-3 {{!}} away, def. (1) |url=https://dchp.arts.ubc.ca/entries/away |access-date=2024-09-19 |website=dchp.arts.ubc.ca}}</ref> (not from Newfoundland), the novel stresses the vicarious quality of Proulx' writing.
-Another contender, a year later, was a science fiction story called "All the Pretty Little Horses", which appeared in teen magazine ''[[Seventeen (American magazine)|Seventeen]]'' in June 1964. She subsequently published stories in ''[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]'' magazine and ''[[Gray's Sporting Journal]]'' in the late 1970s, eventually publishing her first collection in 1988 and her first novel in 1992. Subsequently, she was awarded [[National Endowment for the Arts|NEA]] (in 1992) and [[Guggenheim Fellowship|Guggenheim]] (in 1993) fellowships.{{cn|date=March 2022}}
-A few years after receiving much attention for ''[[The Shipping News]]'', she had the following comment on her celebrity status: {{quote|It's not good for one's view of human nature, that's for sure. You begin to see, when invitations are coming from festivals and colleges to come read (for an hour for a hefty sum of money), that the institutions are head-hunting for trophy writers. Most don't particularly care about your writing or what you're trying to say. You're there as a human object, one that has won a prize. It gives you a very odd, ginger kind of sensation.<ref>{{cite web
+She had the following comment on her celebrity status: {{blockquote|It's not good for one's view of human nature, that's for sure. You begin to see, when invitations are coming from festivals and colleges to come read (for an hour for a hefty sum of money), that the institutions are head-hunting for trophy writers. Most don't particularly care about your writing or what you're trying to say. You're there as a human object, one that has won a prize. It gives you a very odd, meat-rack kind of sensation.<ref>{{cite web
 | url = https://www.theatlantic.com/unbound/factfict/eapint.htm
 | title = Facts & Fiction – 97.11.12
@@ Line 42: / Line 37: @@
 }}</ref>}}
-In 1997, Proulx was awarded the [[Dos Passos Prize]], a mid-career award for American writers. Proulx has twice won the [[O. Henry Awards|O. Henry Prize]] for the year's best short story. In 1998, she won for "[[Brokeback Mountain (short story)|Brokeback Mountain]]", which had appeared in ''[[The New Yorker]]'' on October 13, 1997. Proulx won again the following year for "The Mud Below", which appeared in ''The New Yorker'' June 22 and 29, 1999. Both appear in her 1999 collection of short stories, ''[[Close Range: Wyoming Stories]]''. The lead story in this collection, entitled "The Half-Skinned Steer", was selected by author [[Garrison Keillor]] for inclusion in ''[[Best American Short Stories|The Best American Short Stories]] 1998,'' (Proulx herself edited the 1997 edition of this series) and later by novelist [[John Updike]] for inclusion in ''The Best American Short Stories of the Century'' (1999).{{cn|date=March 2022}}
+In 1997, Proulx was awarded the [[Dos Passos Prize]], a mid-career award for American writers.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Longwood University |title=Past Recipients and Select Works |url=https://www.longwood.edu/english/dos-passos-prize/past-recipients-and-select-works/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=www.longwood.edu |language=en}}</ref> Proulx has twice won the [[O. Henry Awards|O. Henry Prize]] for the year's best short story. In 1998, she won for "[[Brokeback Mountain (short story)|Brokeback Mountain]]", which had appeared in ''[[The New Yorker]]'' on October 13, 1997. Proulx won again the following year for "The Mud Below", which appeared in ''The New Yorker'' June 22 and 29, 1999. Both appear in her 1999 collection of short stories, ''[[Close Range: Wyoming Stories]]''. The lead story in this collection, entitled "The Half-Skinned Steer", was selected by author [[Garrison Keillor]] for inclusion in ''[[Best American Short Stories|The Best American Short Stories]] 1998,'' (Proulx herself edited the 1997 edition of this series) and later by novelist [[John Updike]] for inclusion in ''The Best American Short Stories of the Century'' (1999).<ref name=":5" />
+In 2007, the composer [[Charles Wuorinen]] approached Proulx with the idea of turning her short story "Brokeback Mountain" into an [[opera]]. The [[Brokeback Mountain (opera)|opera of the same name]] with a [[libretto]] by Proulx herself premiered January 28, 2014, at the [[Teatro Real]] in [[Madrid]]. It was praised as an often brilliant adaptation that clearly conveyed the text of the libretto with music that is rich in imagination and variety.<ref name="wqxr">{{cite web|last1=Wise|first1=Brian|title='Brokeback Mountain' Opera: The Critics Weigh In|url=https://www.wqxr.org/story/brokeback-mountain-opera-critics-weigh/|website=wqxr.org|date=January 30, 2014 |access-date=March 25, 2018}}</ref><ref>William Jeffery, "Brokeback Mountain Opera Receives World Premiere", ''Limelight Magazine'' (January 30, 2014).</ref><ref>Westphal, Matthew (September 27, 2007). [http://www.playbillarts.com/news/article/7111.html "'Gay 12-Tone Cowboys' - Composer Charles Wuorinen Plans Opera Version of Brokeback Mountain"]. ''[[Playbill]]''. Retrieved October 3, 2013.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.teatro-real.com/es/la-temporada/opera/brokeback-mountain |title=Opera: BROKEBACK MOUNTAIN, Teatro Real;|publisher=Teatro-Real.com |date=2013-10-02 |access-date=2013-10-02}}</ref><ref name="NY Times Operatic">{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/30/arts/music/lyrical-cowboys-in-love-on-stage.html | title=Operatic Cowboys in Love, Onstage | work=New York Times | date= January 29, 2014 | access-date= January 30, 2014 | author=Anthony Tommasini}}</ref> Proulx published her first non-fiction book, ''Bird Cloud: A Memoir'', largely based on her former Wyoming ranch of the same name.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wyndham |first=Susan |date=2011-03-04 |title=This is the house that Annie built |url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/books/this-is-the-house-that-annie-built-20110304-1bhva.html |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=The Sydney Morning Herald |language=en}}</ref> In 2017, she received the Fitzgerald Award for that year for Achievement in American Literature.<ref>[http://fscottfestival.org/ F. Scott Fitzgerald Literary Festival]; accessed March 24, 2022.</ref>
-In 2001, Proulx was one of the writers heavily criticized by [[Brian Reynolds Myers]] in his polemical work ''[[A Reader's Manifesto]]''.<ref>{{cite web
-| url = https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/prem/200107/myers
-| title = A Reader's Manifesto
-| first = B. R.
-| last = Myers
-| date = July–August 2001
-| work = [[The Atlantic Monthly]]
-| access-date = 2007-07-24
-}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
-| url = http://books.guardian.co.uk/news/articles/0,6109,537519,00.html
-| title = Critic savages 'pretentious' US literati
-| first = Duncan
-| last = Campbell
-| work = [[The Guardian]]
-| date = August 16, 2001
-| access-date = 2007-07-24
-}}</ref>
-In 2007, the composer [[Charles Wuorinen]] approached Proulx with the idea of turning her short story "Brokeback Mountain" into an [[opera]]. The [[Brokeback Mountain (opera)|opera of the same name]] with a [[libretto]] by Proulx herself premiered January 28, 2014, at the [[Teatro Real]] in [[Madrid]]. It was praised as an often brilliant adaptation that clearly conveyed the text of the libretto with music that is rich in imagination and variety.<ref name="wqxr">{{cite web|last1=Wise|first1=Brian|title='Brokeback Mountain' Opera: The Critics Weigh In|url=https://www.wqxr.org/story/brokeback-mountain-opera-critics-weigh/|website=wqxr.org|access-date=March 25, 2018}}</ref><ref>William Jeffery, "Brokeback Mountain Opera Receives World Premiere", ''Limelight Magazine'' (January 30, 2014).</ref><ref>Westphal, Matthew (September 27, 2007). [http://www.playbillarts.com/news/article/7111.html "'Gay 12-Tone Cowboys' - Composer Charles Wuorinen Plans Opera Version of Brokeback Mountain"]. ''[[Playbill]]''. Retrieved October 3, 2013.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.teatro-real.com/es/la-temporada/opera/brokeback-mountain |title=Opera: BROKEBACK MOUNTAIN, Teatro Real;|publisher=Teatro-Real.com |date=2013-10-02 |access-date=2013-10-02}}</ref><ref name="NY Times Operatic">{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/30/arts/music/lyrical-cowboys-in-love-on-stage.html | title=Operatic Cowboys in Love, Onstage | work=New York Times | date= January 29, 2014 | access-date= January 30, 2014 | author=Anthony Tommasini}}</ref> In 2017, she received the Fitzgerald Award for that year for Achievement in American Literature.<ref>[http://fscottfestival.org/ F. Scott Fitzgerald Literary Festival]; accessed March 24, 2022.</ref>
 ==Bibliography==
-{{Expand list|date=October 2016}}
+{{Incomplete list|date=October 2016}}
 ===Nonfiction===
@@ Line 77: / Line 54: @@
 * ''Bird Cloud: A Memoir'' (2011), {{ISBN|978-0-7432-8880-4}}
 *Foreword (2018) In: Wild Migrations: Atlas of Wyoming's Ungulates. Alethea Y. Steingisser, Emilene Ostlind, Hall Sawyer, James E. Meacham, Matthew J. Kauffman, and William J. Rudd (Eds.).{{ISBN|978-0870719431}}
+*''Fen, Bog & Swamp: A Short History of Peatland Destruction and Its Role in the Climate Crisis'' (2022)<ref>{{cite news |last=Depenbrock |first=Julie |date=October 11, 2022 |title=In 'Fen, Bog & Swamp,' Annie Proulx pens a history of wetland destruction |work=[[NPR]] |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/10/11/1127959575/annie-proulx-book-wetlands |access-date=October 12, 2022 |type=interview}}</ref>
+====Essay====
+* [https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2022/07/04/swamps-can-protect-against-climate-change-if-we-only-let-them ''Swamps Can Protect Against Climate Change, If We Only Let Them'']. In: [[The New Yorker]], June 27, 2022 (July 4, 2022).
 ===Novels===
@@ Line 103: / Line 84: @@
 |Rough deeds
 |2013
-|{{cite journal |author=Proulx, Annie |date=June 10–17, 2013 |title=Rough deeds |journal=The New Yorker |volume=89 |issue=17 |pages=56–61 |url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2013/06/10/rough-deeds <!--access-date=2017-05-12-->}}
+|{{cite magazine |author=Proulx, Annie |date=June 10–17, 2013 |title=Rough deeds |magazine=The New Yorker |volume=89 |issue=17 |pages=56–61 |url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2013/06/10/rough-deeds <!--access-date=2017-05-12-->}}
 |
 |
@@ Line 109: / Line 90: @@
 |A resolute man
 |2016
-|{{cite journal |author=Proulx, Annie |date=March 21, 2016 |title=A resolute man |journal=The New Yorker |volume=92 |issue=6 |pages=76–85 |url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/03/21/a-resolute-man <!--access-date=2016-10-25-->}}
+|{{cite magazine |author=Proulx, Annie |date=March 21, 2016 |title=A resolute man |magazine=The New Yorker |volume=92 |issue=6 |pages=76–85 |url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/03/21/a-resolute-man <!--access-date=2016-10-25-->}}
 |
 |
 |-
 |}
+[[File:20180901SM0120 (48315124656).jpg|thumb|Annie Proulx receives the Prize for American Fiction from [[Carla Hayden]] at the 2018 [[National Book Festival]]. ]]
 ==Awards and recognition==
+* 1993—[[PEN/Faulkner Award]] for Fiction (''Postcards'')<ref name=":3" />
-*2018—[[Library of Congress Prize for American Fiction]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Annie Proulx wins Library of Congress Prize for American Fiction|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/annie-proulx-wins-library-of-congress-prize-for-american-fiction/2018/05/01/fb6b3da6-4ca1-11e8-84a0-458a1aa9ac0a_story.html|access-date=May 3, 2018|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=May 3, 2018}}</ref>
+* 1993—''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' Heartland Prize for Fiction, for ''[[The Shipping News]]''<ref name=":1" />
-*2017—[[National Book Award#Medal for Distinguished Contribution (lifetime)|National Book Foundation Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters]] (lifetime achievement)
+* 1993—[[Irish Times International Fiction Prize]], for ''[[The Shipping News]]''<ref name=":1" />
-* 2012—[[United States Artists]] Fellow award<ref>[http://www.unitedstatesartists.org  United States Artists Official Website]</ref>
+* 1993—[[National Book Award]], Fiction [[The Shipping News]]<ref name=nba1993>
-* 2004—[[Aga Khan Prize for Fiction]] for "The Wamsutter Wolf"
+[https://www.nationalbook.org/awards-prizes/national-book-awards-1993 "National Book Awards – 1993"]. [[National Book Foundation]]. Retrieved 2012-03-28. <br>(With acceptance speech by Proulx and essays by Bob Shacochis and Mark Sarvas from the Awards 60-year anniversary blog.)</ref>
-* 2002—Best Foreign Language Novels of 2002 / Best American Novel Award, Chinese Publishing Association and Peoples' Literature Publishing House (''That Old Ace in the Hole'')
-* 2000—[[WILLA Literary Award]], Women Writing the West
-* 2000—Borders Original Voices Award in Fiction (Close Range, Wyoming Stories)
-* 2000—"People in Hell Just Want a Drink of Water," ''The Best American Short Stories 2000''
-* 2000—English-Speaking Union's [[Ambassador Book Award]] (''Close Range: Wyoming Stories'')
-* 2000—The New Yorker Book Award, Best Fiction 1999 (''Close Range: Wyoming Stories'')
-* 1999—"Half-Skinned Steer", ''The Best American Short Stories of the Century'', edited by John Updike
-* 1999—"The Bunchgrass Edge of the World," ''The Best American Short Stories 1999''
-* 1999—"The Mud Below," ''O. Henry Awards: Prize Stories 1999''
-* 1998—"Brokeback Mountain", [[National Magazine Award]]
-* 1998—"Brokeback Mountain", [[O. Henry Awards]] ''O. Henry Awards: Prize Stories 1998''
-* 1998—"Half-Skinned Steer", ''The Best American Short Stories 1998''
-* 1997—[[John Dos Passos Prize]] for Literature (for body of work)
-* 1997—Shortlisted for the 1997 [[Orange Prize]] (Accordion Crimes)
 * 1994—[[Pulitzer Prize]], Fiction [[The Shipping News]]<ref name=pulitzer>
 [http://www.pulitzer.org/bycat/Fiction "Fiction"]. ''Past winners & finalists by category''. The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved 2012-03-28.</ref>
+* 1997—Shortlisted for the 1997 [[Orange Prize]] (Accordion Crimes)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-02-04 |title=Orange Prizes |url=https://www.womenandchildrenfirst.com/orange-prize-fiction |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=Women & Children First |language=en}}</ref>
-* 1993—[[National Book Award]], Fiction [[The Shipping News]]<ref name=nba1993>
+* 1997—[[John Dos Passos Prize]] for Literature (for body of work)<ref name=":6" />
-[https://www.nationalbook.org/awards-prizes/national-book-awards-1993 "National Book Awards – 1993"]. [[National Book Foundation]]. Retrieved 2012-03-28. <br>(With acceptance speech by Proulx and essays by Bob Shacochis and Mark Sarvas from the Awards 60-year anniversary blog.)</ref>
+* 1998—"Half-Skinned Steer", ''The Best American Short Stories 1998''
-* 1993—''Irish Times'' International Fiction Prize [[The Shipping News]]
+* 1998—"Brokeback Mountain", [[O. Henry Awards]] ''O. Henry Awards: Prize Stories 1998''
-* 1993—''Chicago Tribune'' Heartland Prize for Fiction [[The Shipping News]]
+* 1998—"Brokeback Mountain", [[National Magazine Award]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 25, 2017 |title=Annie Proulx Wins National Book Foundation Lifetime Achievement Award |url=https://www.awpwriter.org/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=Association of Writers & Writing Programs |language=en}}</ref>
-* 1993—[[PEN/Faulkner Award]] for Fiction (''Postcards'')
+* 1999—"The Mud Below," ''O. Henry Awards: Prize Stories 1999''
+* 1999—"The Bunchgrass Edge of the World," ''The Best American Short Stories 1999''
+* 1999—"Half-Skinned Steer", ''The Best American Short Stories of the Century'', edited by John Updike<ref name=":5" />
+* 2000—The New Yorker Book Award, Best Fiction 1999 (''Close Range: Wyoming Stories'')<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Annie Proulx Papers : 1935-2010 (bulk 1980-2007) |url=https://archives.nypl.org/brg/22245 |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=The New York Public Library Archives & Manuscripts}}</ref>
+* 2000—English-Speaking Union's [[Ambassador Book Award]] (''Close Range: Wyoming Stories'')<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal |last=Cheveresan |first=Christina |date=2007 |title=Annie Proulx's Brokeback Mountain Or "This Ain't No Little Thing" |url=https://litere.uvt.ro/publicatii/BAS/pdf/no/bas_2007_articles/BAS_2007_article03.pdf |journal=British and American Studies Journal |volume=13 |pages=41–50}}</ref>
+* 2000—"People in Hell Just Want a Drink of Water," ''The Best American Short Stories 2000''
+* 2000—Borders Original Voices Award in Fiction (Close Range, Wyoming Stories)<ref name=":7" />
+* 2000—[[WILLA Literary Award]], Women Writing the West<ref>{{Cite web |title=The WILLA Literary Award – Women Writing the West |url=https://www.womenwritingthewest.org/awards/the-willa-literary-award/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |language=en}}</ref>
+* 2002—Best Foreign Language Novels of 2002 / Best American Novel Award, Chinese Publishing Association and Peoples' Literature Publishing House (''That Old Ace in the Hole'')
+* 2004—[[Aga Khan Prize for Fiction]] for "The Wamsutter Wolf"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prizes |url=https://www.theparisreview.org/about/prizes |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=The Paris Review |language=en}}</ref>
+* 2012—[[United States Artists]] Fellow award<ref>[http://www.unitedstatesartists.org United States Artists Official Website]</ref>
+* 2017—[[National Book Award#Medal for Distinguished Contribution (lifetime)|National Book Foundation Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters]] (lifetime achievement)<ref>{{Cite news |last=Flood |first=Alison |date=2017-09-22 |title=Annie Proulx wins high honour for writing on 'the beauty of rural America' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/sep/22/annie-proulx-wins-high-honour-for-writing-on-the-beauty-of-rural-america |access-date=2024-01-10 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>
+* 2018—[[Library of Congress Prize for American Fiction]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Annie Proulx wins Library of Congress Prize for American Fiction|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/annie-proulx-wins-library-of-congress-prize-for-american-fiction/2018/05/01/fb6b3da6-4ca1-11e8-84a0-458a1aa9ac0a_story.html|access-date=May 3, 2018|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=May 3, 2018}}</ref>
 ==Adaptations==
@@ Line 151: / Line 133: @@
 ==Further reading==
-* "Annie Proulx." ''[[Contemporary Authors Online]]''. Detroit: Gale, 2011. [http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CH1000116950&v=2.1&u=ucdavis&it=r&p=LitRC&sw=w]
+* [//go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CH1000116950&v=2.1&u=ucdavis&it=r&p=LitRC&sw=w "Annie Proulx."] ''[[Contemporary Authors Online]]''. Detroit: Gale, 2011.
-* Hennessy, Denis M. "Annie Proulx." ''American Short-Story Writers Since World War II: Fifth Series''. Ed. Richard E. Lee and Patrick Meanor. Detroit: Gale, 2007. ''[[Dictionary of Literary Biography]]'' Vol. 335. [http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CH1200013347&v=2.1&u=ucdavis&it=r&p=LitRC&sw=w]
+* Hennessy, Denis M. [//go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CH1200013347&v=2.1&u=ucdavis&it=r&p=LitRC&sw=w "Annie Proulx."] ''American Short-Story Writers Since World War II: Fifth Series''. Ed. Richard E. Lee and Patrick Meanor. Detroit: Gale, 2007. ''[[Dictionary of Literary Biography]]'' Vol. 335.
 ==External links==
 {{wikiquote}}
 {{commons category|Annie Proulx}}
-*{{cite journal| url=http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/5901/the-art-of-fiction-no-199-annie-proulx| title=Annie Proulx, The Art of Fiction No. 199| author= Christopher Cox| date=Spring 2009| journal=The Paris Review }}
+*{{cite journal| url=http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/5901/the-art-of-fiction-no-199-annie-proulx| title=Annie Proulx, The Art of Fiction No. 199| author= Christopher Cox| date=Spring 2009| journal=The Paris Review | volume=Spring 2009| issue=188}}
 *[http://www.nypl.org/research/chss/pep/pepdesc.cfm?id=4224 Books That Changed My Life] PEN World Voices at the New York Public Library May 4, 2008
-*[http://www.bookslut.com/features/2005_12_007310.php An Interview with Annie Proulx], Bookslut, December 2005.
+*[http://www.bookslut.com/features/2005_12_007310.php An Interview with Annie Proulx] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823041831/http://www.bookslut.com/features/2005_12_007310.php |date=August 23, 2017 }}, Bookslut, December 2005.
 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060218095940/http://www-wsl.state.wy.us/roundup/Fall2005Roundup.pdf Interview with Annie Proulx in the Fall 2005 Wyoming Library Roundup] (PDF 3.69 MB)
 * {{Librivox author |id=15918}}
@@ Line 175: / Line 157: @@
 [[Category:21st-century American women writers]]
 [[Category:American women novelists]]
-[[Category:Postmodern writers]]
+[[Category:American postmodern writers]]
 [[Category:National Book Award winners]]
 [[Category:Pulitzer Prize for Fiction winners]]

v t e Pulitzer Prize for Fiction
Previously the Pulitzer Prize for the Novel from 1917–1947
1918–1925	His Family by Ernest Poole (1918) The Magnificent Ambersons by Booth Tarkington (1919) The Age of Innocence by Edith Wharton (1921) Alice Adams by Booth Tarkington (1922) One of Ours by Willa Cather (1923) The Able McLaughlins by Margaret Wilson (1924) So Big by Edna Ferber (1925)
1926–1950	Arrowsmith by Sinclair Lewis (1926; declined) Early Autumn by Louis Bromfield (1927) The Bridge of San Luis Rey by Thornton Wilder (1928) Scarlet Sister Mary by Julia Peterkin (1929) Laughing Boy by Oliver La Farge (1930) Years of Grace by Margaret Ayer Barnes (1931) The Good Earth by Pearl S. Buck (1932) The Store by Thomas Sigismund Stribling (1933) Lamb in His Bosom by Caroline Pafford Miller (1934) Now in November by Josephine Winslow Johnson (1935) Honey in the Horn by Harold L. Davis (1936) Gone with the Wind by Margaret Mitchell (1937) The Late George Apley by John Phillips Marquand (1938) The Yearling by Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings (1939) The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck (1940) In This Our Life by Ellen Glasgow (1942) Dragon's Teeth by Upton Sinclair (1943) Journey in the Dark by Martin Flavin (1944) A Bell for Adano by John Hersey (1945) All the King's Men by Robert Penn Warren (1947) Tales of the South Pacific by James A. Michener (1948) Guard of Honor by James Gould Cozzens (1949) The Way West by A. B. Guthrie Jr. (1950)
1951–1975	The Town by Conrad Richter (1951) The Caine Mutiny by Herman Wouk (1952) The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway (1953) A Fable by William Faulkner (1955) Andersonville by MacKinlay Kantor (1956) A Death in the Family by James Agee (1958) The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters by Robert Lewis Taylor (1959) Advise and Consent by Allen Drury (1960) To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee (1961) The Edge of Sadness by Edwin O'Connor (1962) The Reivers by William Faulkner (1963) The Keepers of the House by Shirley Ann Grau (1965) The Collected Stories of Katherine Anne Porter by Katherine Anne Porter (1966) The Fixer by Bernard Malamud (1967) The Confessions of Nat Turner by William Styron (1968) House Made of Dawn by N. Scott Momaday (1969) The Collected Stories of Jean Stafford by Jean Stafford (1970) Angle of Repose by Wallace Stegner (1972) The Optimist's Daughter by Eudora Welty (1973) No award given (1974) The Killer Angels by Michael Shaara (1975)
1976–2000	Humboldt's Gift by Saul Bellow (1976) No award given (1977) Elbow Room by James Alan McPherson (1978) The Stories of John Cheever by John Cheever (1979) The Executioner's Song by Norman Mailer (1980) A Confederacy of Dunces by John Kennedy Toole (1981) Rabbit Is Rich by John Updike (1982) The Color Purple by Alice Walker (1983) Ironweed by William Kennedy (1984) Foreign Affairs by Alison Lurie (1985) Lonesome Dove by Larry McMurtry (1986) A Summons to Memphis by Peter Taylor (1987) Beloved by Toni Morrison (1988) Breathing Lessons by Anne Tyler (1989) The Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love by Oscar Hijuelos (1990) Rabbit at Rest by John Updike (1991) A Thousand Acres by Jane Smiley (1992) A Good Scent from a Strange Mountain by Robert Olen Butler (1993) The Shipping News by E. Annie Proulx (1994) The Stone Diaries by Carol Shields (1995) Independence Day by Richard Ford (1996) Martin Dressler: The Tale of an American Dreamer by Steven Millhauser (1997) American Pastoral by Philip Roth (1998) The Hours by Michael Cunningham (1999) Interpreter of Maladies by Jhumpa Lahiri (2000)
2001–present	The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay by Michael Chabon (2001) Empire Falls by Richard Russo (2002) Middlesex by Jeffrey Eugenides (2003) The Known World by Edward P. Jones (2004) Gilead by Marilynne Robinson (2005) March by Geraldine Brooks (2006) The Road by Cormac McCarthy (2007) The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao by Junot Díaz (2008) Olive Kitteridge by Elizabeth Strout (2009) Tinkers by Paul Harding (2010) A Visit from the Goon Squad by Jennifer Egan (2011) No award given (2012) The Orphan Master's Son by Adam Johnson (2013) The Goldfinch by Donna Tartt (2014) All the Light We Cannot See by Anthony Doerr (2015) The Sympathizer by Viet Thanh Nguyen (2016) The Underground Railroad by Colson Whitehead (2017) Less by Andrew Sean Greer (2018) The Overstory by Richard Powers (2019) The Nickel Boys by Colson Whitehead (2020) The Night Watchman by Louise Erdrich (2021) The Netanyahus by Joshua Cohen (2022) Demon Copperhead by Barbara Kingsolver / Trust by Hernan Diaz (2023) Night Watch by Jayne Anne Phillips (2024)

v t e National Book Award for Fiction
1950–1975	The Man with the Golden Arm by Nelson Algren (1950) Collected Stories of William Faulkner by William Faulkner (1951) From Here to Eternity by James Jones (1952) Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison (1953) The Adventures of Augie March by Saul Bellow (1954) A Fable by William Faulkner (1955) Ten North Frederick by John O'Hara (1956) The Field of Vision by Wright Morris (1957) The Wapshot Chronicle by John Cheever (1958) The Magic Barrel by Bernard Malamud (1959) Goodbye, Columbus by Philip Roth (1960) The Waters of Kronos by Conrad Richter (1961) The Moviegoer by Walker Percy (1962) Morte d'Urban by J. F. Powers (1963) The Centaur by John Updike (1964) Herzog by Saul Bellow (1965) The Collected Stories of Katherine Anne Porter by Katherine Anne Porter (1966) The Fixer by Bernard Malamud (1967) The Eighth Day by Thornton Wilder (1968) Steps by Jerzy Kosiński (1969) them by Joyce Carol Oates (1970) Mr. Sammler's Planet by Saul Bellow (1971) The Complete Stories by Flannery O'Connor (1972) Chimera by John Barth (1973) Augustus by John Williams (1973) Gravity's Rainbow by Thomas Pynchon (1974) A Crown of Feathers and Other Stories by Isaac Bashevis Singer (1974) Dog Soldiers by Robert Stone (1975) The Hair of Harold Roux by Thomas Williams (1975)
1976–2000	J R by William Gaddis (1976) The Spectator Bird by Wallace Stegner (1977) Blood Tie by Mary Lee Settle (1978) Going After Cacciato by Tim O'Brien (1979) Sophie's Choice by William Styron (1980) The World According to Garp by John Irving (1980) Plains Song: For Female Voices by Wright Morris (1981) The Stories of John Cheever by John Cheever (1981) Rabbit Is Rich by John Updike (1982) So Long, See You Tomorrow by William Maxwell (1982) The Color Purple by Alice Walker (1983) The Collected Stories of Eudora Welty by Eudora Welty (1983) Victory Over Japan by Ellen Gilchrist (1984) White Noise by Don DeLillo (1985) World's Fair by E. L. Doctorow (1986) Paco's Story by Larry Heinemann (1987) Paris Trout by Pete Dexter (1988) Spartina by John Casey (1989) Middle Passage by Charles Johnson (1990) Mating by Norman Rush (1991) All the Pretty Horses by Cormac McCarthy (1992) The Shipping News by E. Annie Proulx (1993) A Frolic of His Own by William Gaddis (1994) Sabbath's Theater by Philip Roth (1995) Ship Fever and Other Stories by Andrea Barrett (1996) Cold Mountain by Charles Frazier (1997) Charming Billy by Alice McDermott (1998) Waiting by Ha Jin (1999) In America by Susan Sontag (2000)
2001–present	The Corrections by Jonathan Franzen (2001) Three Junes by Julia Glass (2002) The Great Fire by Shirley Hazzard (2003) The News from Paraguay by Lily Tuck (2004) Europe Central by William T. Vollmann (2005) The Echo Maker by Richard Powers (2006) Tree of Smoke by Denis Johnson (2007) Shadow Country by Peter Matthiessen (2008) Let the Great World Spin by Colum McCann (2009) Lord of Misrule by Jaimy Gordon (2010) Salvage the Bones by Jesmyn Ward (2011) The Round House by Louise Erdrich (2012) The Good Lord Bird by James McBride (2013) Redeployment by Phil Klay (2014) Fortune Smiles by Adam Johnson (2015) The Underground Railroad by Colson Whitehead (2016) Sing, Unburied, Sing by Jesmyn Ward (2017) The Friend by Sigrid Nunez (2018) Trust Exercise by Susan Choi (2019) Interior Chinatown by Charles Yu (2020) Hell of a Book by Jason Mott (2021) The Rabbit Hutch by Tess Gunty (2022) Blackouts by Justin Torres (2023)

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